{"pageNumber":"4524","pageRowStart":"113075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":28305,"text":"wri854069 - 1985 - Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri854069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4069","title":"Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"A geochemical survey of the Big Sioux aquifer, South Dakota was under taken to: (1) Estimate the quality of the water in the aquifer, (2) determine if there are any water-quality problems in the aquifer, and (3) design a water-quality monitoring network to monitor changes in present and potential water-quality problems. For most agricultural uses, the water in the Big Sioux aquifer is of acceptable quality. However, in some locations, the ground water is either marginally acceptable or unfit for human use. The major water-quality problem is the high nitrate concentrations (geometric mean of 4 and up to 120 milligrams per liter as N) found in many domestic water supplies. The fact that samples taken from observation wells located by rooads away from houses and barnyards show lower concentrations of nitrate (geometric means of 0.4 and up to 22 milligrams per liter as N) indicates that the source of nitrate pollution is probably localized and due to barnyard wastes. A monitoring network is proposed consisting of at least: (1) Three wells adjacent to domestic wells, (2) three wells about 1,000 feet away and down the potentiometric gradient from domestic wells, and (3) three wells at least 3,000 feet from any source of pollution. This monitoring network would provide information on changes in both localized nitrate pollution and other selected water-quality parameters. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854069","usgsCitation":"Leibbrand, N., 1985, Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4069, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854069.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibbrand, N.F.","contributorId":27870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibbrand","given":"N.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26961,"text":"wri854195 - 1985 - Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri854195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4195","title":"Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region","docAbstract":"The practicality of using surface geophysical methods for obtaining geohydrologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region was studied during the summer of 1984. Seismic refraction and electrical-resistivity equipment were used, because an evaluation of geohydrologic data indicated that results of surveys made with this equipment probably would yield the most useful data. The study area, which included parts of Garfield, Holt, and Wheeler Counties, was selected because it is geohydrologically representative of the eastern part of the Sand Hills region, and because sufficient geohydrologic data were available for use in evaluating the results of geophysical surveys. Geophysical methods were evaluated for their ability to consistently detect selected geohydrologic horizons. These horizons in descending order, are: the water table, the top of Quaternary silt beds, the top of Quaternary sand and gravel beds , the top of the Tertiary Ogallala Formation, and the top of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The top of the Pierre Shale generally is the base of the aquifer, which consists of all of the 500 to 700 ft of overlying deposits. Evaluations of the geophysical data indicate that seismic refraction surveys are best suited for determining the depth to the water table, but are not effective in studying beds below the water table. Vertical electrical soundings provided data on the depth to water table and the top of the silt beds. Available geohydrologic data, however, indicate that with some changes in data collection or interpretation techniques, it may be possible to obtain information on the top of the sand and gravel deposits, the top of the Ogallala Formation, and the top of the Pierre Shale with vertical electrical soundings. Use of either geophysical method could enhance the results of geohydrologic investigations in the Nebraska Sand Hills region. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Services Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854195","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.J., and Hiergesell, R., 1985, Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4195, v, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854195.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55847,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiergesell, R.A.","contributorId":97130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiergesell","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26880,"text":"wri854236 - 1985 - Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T20:43:25.128697","indexId":"wri854236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4236","title":"Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States","docAbstract":"<p>The Central Midwest aquifer system, in parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas, is a region of great hydrologic diversity. This study examines the relationships between climate, vegetation, and soil that affect consumptive water use and recharge to the groundwater system. Computations of potential recharge and consumptive water use were restricted to those areas where the aquifers under consideration were the immediate underlying system. The principal method of analysis utilized a soil moisture computer model. This model requires four types of input: (1) hydrologic properties of the soils, (2) vegetation types, (3) monthly precipitation, and (4) computed monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) values. The climatic factors that affect consumptive water use and recharge were extensively mapped for the study area. Nearly all the pertinent climatic elements confirmed the extreme diversity of the region. PET and those factors affecting it--solar radiation, temperature, and humidity--showed large regional differences; mean annual PET ranged from 36 to 70 inches in the study area. The seasonal climatic patterns indicate significant regional differences in those factors affecting seasonal consumptive water use and recharge. In the southern and western parts of the study area, consumptive water use occurred nearly the entire year; whereas, in northern parts it occurred primarily during the warm season (April through September). Results of the soil-moisture program, which added the effects of vegetation and the hydrologic characteristics of the soil to computed PET values, confirmed the significant regional differences in consumptive water use or actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential groundwater recharge. Under two different vegetative conditions--the 1978 conditions and pre-agricultural conditions consisting of only grassland and woodland--overall differences in recharge were minimal. Mean annual recharge under both conditions averaged slightly more than 4.5 inches for the entire study area, but ranged from less than 0.10 inches in eastern Colorado to slightly more than 15 inches in Arkansas.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854236","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., and Peckenpaugh, J.M., 1985, Effects of climate, vegetation, and soils on consumptive water use and ground-water recharge to the Central Midwest Regional aquifer system, mid-continent United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4236, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854236.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4236/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4236/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36384.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Midwest Regional aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckenpaugh, J. M.","contributorId":69559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenpaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27494,"text":"wri844299 - 1985 - Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri844299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4299","title":"Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"The log-Pearson type III distribution was used for defining low-flow frequency at 116 continuous-record streamflow stations in west-central Florida. Frequency distributions were calculated for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 183 consecutive-day periods for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 20 years. Discharge measurements at more than 100 low-flow partial-record stations and miscellaneous discharge-measurement stations were correlated with concurrent daily mean discharge at continuous-record stations. Estimates of the 7-day, 2-year; 7-day, 10-year; 30-day, 2-year; and 30-day, 10-year discharges were made for most of the low-flow partial-record and miscellaneous discharge-measurement stations based on those correlations. Multiple linear-regression analysis was used in an attempt to mathematically relate low-flow frequency data to basin characteristics. The resulting equations showed an apparent bias and were considered unsatisfactory for use in estimating low-flow characteristics. Maps of the 7-day, 10-year and 30-day, 10-year low flows are presented. Techniques that can be used to estimate low-flow characteristics at an ungaged site are also provided. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844299","usgsCitation":"Hammett, K., 1985, Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4299, iv, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844299.","productDescription":"iv, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56344,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56345,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27755,"text":"wri854024 - 1985 - Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:10:05","indexId":"wri854024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4024","title":"Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Avoca lignite deposit in the Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation consists of four potentially strippable lignite beds. Average bed thicknesses, in descending order, are 5, 5, 9, and 8 .feet. In the area between Stony Creek and Crazy Man Coulee, the lignite beds are unsaturated, and between Stony Creek and Little Muddy River, only the two lowest beds are saturated. Natural discharge to outcrops in the stream valleys results in low potentiometric levels in the lignite beds.</p><p>Aquifers in sandstone beds in the Fox Hills Sandstone and the Hell Creek Formation probably would yield as much as 50 gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate type water. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 800 to 2,000 milligrams per liter. The aquifers are from 1,100 to 1,800 feet below land surface. Sandstone beds in the Ludlow and Cannonball Members of the Fort Union Formation probably could yield several gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 800 to 2,000 milligrams per liter. Aquifers in the Ludlow and Cannonball Members lie between 700 and 1,300 feet below land surface. Individual sand beds in the Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Members of the Fort Union Formation are the shallowest aquifers encountered below the minable lignite beds. Properly constructed wells completed in these sand beds could yield as much as 40 gallons per minute. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 500 to 4,200 milligrams per liter. Alluvium and glacial-drift deposits constitute the Little Muddy aquifer bordering the lignite deposit on the west and south. The aquifer could yield as much as 1,200 gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate type water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 975 to 1, 730 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Little Muddy Creek and Stony Creek have significant base flow. The flow is contributed partly by discharge from the lignite. Quality of water is least mineralized at high stream flows. Mining would not severely affect ground-water levels because potentiometric levels already are low. Chemically enriched leachate water from the spoils could percolate to the saturated zone and eventually reach the streams as base flow or recharge the glaciofluvial aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854024","usgsCitation":"Horak, W., and Crosby, O., 1985, Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4024, Report: v, 22 p.; Plate: 10.12 x 16.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854024.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; Plate: 10.12 x 16.55 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56600,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horak, W.F.","contributorId":82326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosby, O.A.","contributorId":61047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27878,"text":"wri854004 - 1985 - Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri854004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4004","title":"Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in Colorado","docAbstract":"Most hydraulic calculations of flow in channels and overbank areas require an evaluation of flow resistance, generally expressed as Manning 's roughness coefficient. The degree of roughness depends on many factors. The report summarizes and relates several methods of estimating roughness and presents additional channel-roughness verification data on higher-gradient streams with slopes greater than 0.002. A procedure is outlined that enables the user to systematically evaluate the factors affecting natural, agricultural, and urban channel and overbank roughness. Two prediction equations are presented to aid in the calculation of coefficients for natural stable channels in which roughness changes dramatically with depth of flow. Roughness coefficients can be determined from low-to-high flow conditions as long as the channel remains fairly stable, sediment concentrations are not so great as to result in mudflows or debris flows, and stream slopes are less than 0.05. Because of extreme turbulence, large energy losses, and hence large roughness coefficients, flow in high-gradient, cobble- and boulder-bed mountain streams generally is subcritical. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854004","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R., 1985, Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4004, vi, 54 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854004.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56701,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27356,"text":"wri844268 - 1985 - Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4268","title":"Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, digital, cross-sectional model was used to simulate seepage of water from an alluvial channel, which had the general characteristic of the Rio Grande channel, into the underlying alluvium within the reach from Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Seepage rates were determined for losing and gaining reaches, and reaches affected by pumping of ground water. The seepage rates were computed for stream surcharges (height of additional water applied on top of base flow) ranging from 0.5 foot to 3 feet and for application periods ranging from 1 to 100 days. The net seepage rates, which were nearly identical for each type of reach, ranged from 0.0 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 0.5 foot surcharge applied for 1 day to 0.37 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 3 feet surcharge applied for 100 days, followed by a 180 day seepage return flow from the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844268","usgsCitation":"Gold, R., 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844268.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, R.L.","contributorId":97918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27491,"text":"wri844152 - 1985 - An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T22:56:00.949694","indexId":"wri844152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4152","title":"An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Santa Clara Valley Water District, has completed a study of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto baylands along San Francisco Bay, California. Selected wells within the Water District 's injection-extraction network were monitored to determine hydraulic and chemical interactions affecting well-field operation. The well field was installed to prevent and eliminate saline contamination in the local shallow aquifer system. The primary focus of this study is on factors that affect injection efficiency, specifically well and aquifer clogging. Mixing and break-through curves for major chemical constituents indicate ion exchange, adsorption, and dissolution reactions. Freshwater breakthrough was detected in water-level data, which reflected fluid-density change as well as head buildup. Dissolution of calcium carbonate caused by dilution of saline ground water probably accounts for an apparent increase in specific capacity possibly related to improved aquifer permeability. Adsorption evidently removed trace elements during passage of injected water through the aquifer. In terms of hydraulic and chemical compatibility, the well field is a viable system for ground-water recharge. Aquifer heterogeneity and operational constraints reduce the efficiency of the system. Efficiency may be maximized by careful attention to extraction distribution and quantity and to injection distribution, quantity, and water quality. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844152","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1985, An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4152, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844152.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36025.htm"},{"id":56341,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4152/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto Baylands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09999084472658,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09999084472658,\n              37.45823569268173\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.45823569268173\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68429c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26977,"text":"wri854026 - 1985 - Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:12:21","indexId":"wri854026","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4026","title":"Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Snow-cover data are needed for many facets of hydrology. The variation in snow cover over small areas is the focus of this study. The feasibility of using aerial surveys to obtain information on the snow water equivalent of the snow cover in order to minimize the necessity of labor intensive ground snow surveys was- evaluated. A low-flying aircraft was used to measure attenuations of natural terrestrial gamma radiation by snow cover. </p><p>Aerial and ground snow surveys of eight 1-mile snow courses and one 4-mile snow course were used in the evaluation, with ground snow surveys used as the base to evaluate aerial data. Each of the 1-mile snow courses consisted of a single land use and all had the same terrain type (plane). The 4-mile snow course consists of a variety of land uses and the same terrain type (plane). </p><p>Using the aerial snow-survey technique, the snow water equivalent of the 1-mile snow courses was. measured with three passes of the aircraft. Use of more than one pass did not improve the results. The mean absolute difference between the aerial- and ground-measured snow water equivalents for the 1-mile snow courses was 26 percent (0.77 inches). The aerial snow water equivalents determined for the 1-mile snow courses were used to estimate the variations in the snow water equivalents over the 4-mile snow course. The weighted mean absolute difference for the 4-mile snow course was 27 percent (0.8 inches). </p><p>Variations in snow water equivalents could not be verified adequately by segmenting the aerial snow-survey data because of the uniformity found in the snow cover. On the 4-mile snow coirse, about two-thirds of the aerial snow-survey data agreed with the ground snow-survey data within the accuracy of the aerial technique ( + 0.5 inch of the mean snow water equivalent). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854026","usgsCitation":"Emerson, D.G., Carroll, T., and Steppuhn, H., 1985, Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4026, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854026.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, T.R.","contributorId":91534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steppuhn, Harold","contributorId":25200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steppuhn","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27392,"text":"wri844214 - 1985 - Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri844214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4214","title":"Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Hollywood Dump in north Memphis, Tennessee is known to contain hazardous wastes. Monitor wells were installed and sampled to determine if contaminants have entered the underlying Wolf River alluvium and concentrated near the base of this unconfined aquifer. Four water-quality samples were collected from each of nine monitor wells screened in the Wolf River alluvium at the Hollywood Dump between June 1982 and June 1983. Also sampled during this period was one well screened in the fluvial (terrace) deposits, about one-half mile upgradient from the dump, and three nearby wells screened in the Memphis Sand artesian aquifer. Low levels of several organic compounds, including heptachlor, chlordane and chlordene, were detected in water from the Wolf River alluvium. High concentrations of barium and arsenic were also detected. Water from the Memphis Sand showed no traces of synthetic organic compounds. Other constituents and properties were found to be at levels that are normal for that aquifer. Five of the Wolf River alluvium wells sampled were newly installed. Geophysical logs made in these wells, supplemented by drillers logs and split spoon samples, show that clay underlies the alluvial aquifer at the well locations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844214","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., 1985, Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4214, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844214.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27934,"text":"wri854204 - 1985 - Design of a sediment data-collection program in Kansas as affected by time trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri854204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4204","title":"Design of a sediment data-collection program in Kansas as affected by time trends","docAbstract":"Data collection programs need to be re-examined periodically in order to insure their usefulness, efficiency, and applicability. The possibility of time trends in sediment concentration, in particular, makes the examination with new statistical techniques desirable. After adjusting sediment concentrations for their relation to streamflow rates and by using a seasonal adaptation of Kendall 's nonparametric statistical test, time trends of flow-adjusted concentrations were detected for 11 of the 38 sediment records tested that were not affected by large reservoirs. Ten of the 11 trends were toward smaller concentrations; only 1 was toward larger concentrations. Of the apparent trends that were not statistically significant (0.05 level) using data available, nearly all were toward smaller concentrations. Because the reason for the lack of statistical significance of an apparent trend may be inadequacy of data rather than absence of trend and because of the prevalence of apparent trends in one direction, the assumption was made that a time trend may be present at any station. This assumption can significantly affect the design of a sediment data collection program. Sudden decreases (step trends) in flow-adjusted sediment concentrations were found at all stations that were short distances downstream from large reservoirs and that had adequate data for a seasonal adaptation of Wilcoxon 's nonparametric statistical test. Examination of sediment records in the 1984 data collection program of the Kansas Water Office indicated 13 stations that can be discontinued temporarily because data are now adequate. Data collection could be resumed in 1992 when new data may be needed because of possible time trends. New data are needed at eight previously operated stations where existing data may be inadequate or misleading because of time trends. Operational changes may be needed at some stations, such as hiring contract observers or installing automatic pumping samplers. Implementing the changes in the program can provide a substantial increase in the quantity of useful information on stream sediment for the same funding as the 1984 level. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri854204","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., 1985, Design of a sediment data-collection program in Kansas as affected by time trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4204, iv, 114 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854204.","productDescription":"iv, 114 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, P. R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26620,"text":"wri844310 - 1985 - Effects of coal mining on the water quality and sedimentation of Lake Tuscaloosa and selected tributaries, North River basin, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:20","indexId":"wri844310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4310","title":"Effects of coal mining on the water quality and sedimentation of Lake Tuscaloosa and selected tributaries, North River basin, Alabama","docAbstract":"Lake Tuscaloosa, a reservoir on North River, is the primary source of water supply for the city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and surrounding areas. Between October 1982 and September 1983, 14 sites in the North River basin were sampled to determine if surface coal mining has impacted the quality of water in the lake and selected tributaries. Water draining mined basins showed increases in specific conductance, sulfate concentrations , and dissolved and total recoverable iron and manganese concentrations after mining started in 1975. Although water in the reservoir has become more mineralized with only an estimated 5 percent of the basin mined, total dissolved solids concentrations are still very low, ranging from 28 to 35 milligrams per liter at the dam. The quality of water at most sites was, except for pH, iron, and manganese, within secondary drinking water standards. The pH of water from streams draining either mined or unmined basins was generally less than 6.5. Sedimentation has occurred at most measured lake cross sections since impoundment. However, natural factors such as steep overland and channel slopes, may cause more sedimentation in the lake from unmined basins than from coal mining in a different basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844310","usgsCitation":"Cole, E.F., 1985, Effects of coal mining on the water quality and sedimentation of Lake Tuscaloosa and selected tributaries, North River basin, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4310, vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844310.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55490,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, E. F.","contributorId":13236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27486,"text":"wri844131 - 1985 - Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri844131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4131","title":"Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the upper Santa Ynez River Valley in Santa Barbara County has degraded due to both natural and anthropogenic causes. The semiarid climate and uneven distribution of rainfall has limited freshwater recharge and caused salt buildup in water supplies. Tertiary rocks supply mineralized water. Agricultural activities (irrigation return flow containing fertilizers and pesticides, cultivation, feedlot waste disposal) are a primary cause of water quality degradation. Urban development, which also causes water quality degradation (introduced contaminants, wastewater disposal, septic system discharge, and land fill disposal of waste), has imposed stricter requirements on water supply quality. A well network was designed to monitor changes in groundwater quality related to anthropogenic activities. Information from this network may aid in efficient management of the groundwater basins as public water supplies, centered around three basic goals. First is to increase freshwater recharge to the basins by conjunctive surface/groundwater use and surface-spreading techniques. Second is to optimize groundwater discharge by efficient timing and spacing of pumping. Third is to control and reduce sources of groundwater contamination by regulating wastewater quality and distribution and, preferably, by exporting wastewaters from the basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844131","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1985, Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4131, v, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844131.","productDescription":"v, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56337,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66721c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27937,"text":"wri854263 - 1985 - Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T21:28:07.938796","indexId":"wri854263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4263","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>A streamflow routing model was used to calculate the transit losses and traveltimes. Channel and aquifer characteristics, and the model control parameters, were estimated from available data and then verified to the extent possible by comparing model simulated streamflow to observed streamflow at streamflow gaging stations. Transit losses and traveltimes for varying reservoir release rates and durations then were simulated for two different antecedent streamflow (drought) conditions. For the severe-drought antecedent-streamflow condition, it was assumed that only the downstream water use requirement would be released from the reservoir. For a less severe drought (LSD) antecedent streamflow condition, it was assumed than any releases from Marion Lake for water supply use downstream, would be in addition to a nominal dry weather release of 5 cu ft/sec. Water supply release rates of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec for the severe drought condition and 5, 10, and 25 cu ft/sec for the less severe drought condition were simulated for periods of 28 and 183 days commencing on July 1. Transit losses for the severe drought condition for all reservoir release rates and durations ranged from 12% to 78% of the maximum downstream flow rate and from 27% to 91% of the total volume of reservoir storage released. For the LSD condition, transit losses ranged from 7% to 29% of the maximum downstream flow rate and from 10% to 48% of the total volume of release. The 183-day releases had larger total transit losses, but losses on a percentage basis were less than the losses for the 28-day release period for both antecedent streamflow conditions. Traveltimes to full response (80% of the maximum downstream flow rate), however, showed considerable variation. For the release of 5 cu ft/sec during LSD conditions, base flow exceeded 80% of the maximum flow rate near the confluence; the traveltime to full response was undefined for those simulations. For the releases of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec during the same drought condition, traveltimes to full response ranged from 4.4 to 6.5 days. For releases of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec during severe drought conditions, traveltimes to full response near the confluence with the Neosho River ranged from 8.3 to 93 days.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854263","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4263, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854263.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36405.htm"},{"id":56751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Marion Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.221\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.017,\n              38.221\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.017,\n              38.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, P. R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28232,"text":"wri854155 - 1985 - A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:49:42","indexId":"wri854155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4155","title":"A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The northeast and southeast parts of the El Paso area are underlain by Hueco bolson deposits as much as 9,000 feet thick. The deposits consist of lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. In the Rio Grande Valley, about 400 to 450 feet of these deposits have been eroded and replaced with as much as 200 feet of alluvium. Ground water in the shallow alluvial aquifer in the Rio Grande Valley and in the Hueco bolson aquifer outside the valley is under water-table conditions, whereas ground water in the bolson aquifer in the valley is under leaky artesian conditions. Maximum water-level declines in the Hueco bolson aquifer are 110 feet east of the Franklin Mountains and 150 feet in the downtown El Paso area. For the shallow aquifer, the maximum declines have been 125 feet in the downtown area. Compressable materials in the freshwater zone of the aquifer range from 50 to 450 feet.</p>\n<p>Recharge from the Rio Grande to the shallow alluvial aquifer has increased from an estimated 15,000 acre-feet during 1968 to 30,000 acre-feet during 1983, an increase of about 1,000 acre-feet per year. Leakage from the Rio Grande is expected to continually increase in the near future because of a continued decline in ground-water levels. The amount of leakages from the canals is much less than from the river.</p>\n<p>Releveling of bench marks along lines to the northeast and the southeast of the Rio Grande, and along its channel commonly show land subsidence of about 0.2 foot. The maximum measured subsidence is 0.41 foot along the river in the Chamizal zone. No subsidence was detected at the Riverside Diversion Dam. A comparison of subsidence, water-level declines, and clay thickness along the three survey lines shows the expected correlation of greater subsidence with thicker accumulated clay material for a given decline in water levels. The preconsolidation stress was expected to range from 85 to 115 feet of water-level decline on the basis of subsidence studies in Arizona and California. A study of specific-unit compaction along the three survey lines shows that the values usually range between 1.0 to 2.5 x 10-5 feet per feet squared. These values are comparable to the ones computed in the Tulare-Wasco, California, and Houston-Galveston, Texas, areas following the exceedance of the local preconsolidation stress. Because of this comparability, the specific-unit compaction for future periods in the El Paso area probably will not increase dramatically when the preconsolidation stress is exceeded, if it has not already been exceeded.</p>\n<p>In addition to regional subsidence, local subsidence is indicated by observable surface fractures but has not been verified by precise leveling. These local areas coincide with areas that historically were swamps along the Rio Grande.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., and Armstrong, C.A., 1985, A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4155, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854155.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4155/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.32293701171874,\n              31.647536225797772\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.35314941406249,\n              31.701882151861714\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.37443542480469,\n              31.71122878128754\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.38198852539062,\n              31.73400724374667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45271301269531,\n              31.764369817056387\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.468505859375,\n              31.76145077153307\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.47468566894531,\n              31.750941445321764\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.48773193359375,\n              31.74918977495709\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.50421142578125,\n              31.756780107186728\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.51588439941406,\n              31.770791393089315\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.52961730957031,\n              31.783633207994736\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.53648376464844,\n              31.94633593313394\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.32980346679686,\n              31.94808386339691\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.32293701171874,\n              31.647536225797772\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aaf25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, L. F.","contributorId":17253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27481,"text":"wri844030 - 1985 - Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri844030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4030","title":"Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Large quantities of slightly saline ground water are available for future water requirements in Aurora and Jerauld Counties, 1 ,236 square miles of glaciated, till-covered hills and plains in southeastern South Dakota. More than one million acre-feet of ground water is stored in five major glacial aquifers, outwash sand and gravel, beneath 340 square miles. About 58 million acre-feet is stored in bedrock, in the Niobrara marl aquifer, the Codell sandstone aquifer, and the Dakota sandstone aquifer. Recharge of aquifers by infiltration of precipitation totals 31 ,000 acre-feet annually. Effects of increased ground-water withdrawals generally have been small for glacial aquifers and large for some bedrock aquifers. Water levels declined 0.6 to 4 feet in glacial aquifers during 1978-80 within a mile of irrigation wells pumping 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute. In contrast, water levels declined 40 feet near a well pumping 1 ,500 gallons per minute from the Niobrara aquifer because of small artesian storage. Artesian pressure of the Dakota aquifer declined about 200 feet between 1909 and 1979 because of large withdrawals through flowing wells. The availability of surface water is limited because streams are ephemeral and have large flows only during spring of wet years. Most of the lakes are small, semipermanent, and shallow. Most surface water in the study area contains low concentrations of dissolved solids but most of the ground water is very hard and slightly saline. Some ground water has a very high-salinity hazard for irrigation. Water from the Niobrara and Codell aquifers also has a high sodium hazard and high boron concentrations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844030","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, L., 1985, Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4030, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844030.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f089c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, L.J.","contributorId":102917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28269,"text":"wri844172 - 1985 - Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4172","title":"Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report is a statistical summary of 40 different constituents and physical characteristics that describe the water quality of the North Platter River between Alcova Dam and Orin, Wyoming, a distance of 143 river miles. Data from seven stations are summarized for 1970-79. Water entering the North Platte River upstream from Casper generally is more mineralized and degraded than the water in the North Platte River or in the tributaries entering the river downstream from Casper. The average dissolved solids concentration was about 320 mg/L at the upper sampling station and about 430 mg/L just downstream from Casper. This increase is typical of many other constituents. The mean fecal-coliform concentration at the upper station was about 8 colonies/ml and about 4,000 colonies/100 ml at the station downstream from Casper. Concentrations of some constituents periodically were greater than maximum recommended for drinking water supplies. About 24% of the dissolved solids concentrations were more than 500 mg/L. Some selenium concentrations exceeded the limit of 10 micrograms/L mandated for public water supplies. Large concentrations of copper, zinc, and ammonia indicate that these constituents might be a problem for sensitive aquatic life. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844172","usgsCitation":"Larson, L.R., 1985, Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4172, vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844172.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, L. R.","contributorId":41421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28200,"text":"wri844105 - 1985 - Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:02:19","indexId":"wri844105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4105","title":"Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon","docAbstract":"A riverine-temperature model and associated data-collection system were developed to help the Corps of engineers determine cost benefits of selective-withdrawal structures for future use with dams on the Willamette River System. A U.S. Geological Survey Lagrangian reference frame, digital computer model was used to simulate stream temperatures on the North Santiam River downstream of the multipurpose Detroit dam and a reregulating dam (Big Cliff), from river mile 45.6 to 2.9. In simulation, only available air-temperature and windspeed information from a nearby National Weather Service station at Salem, Oregon were used. This preliminary investigation found that the model predicted mean daily temperatures to within 0.4 C standard deviation. Analysis of projected selective-withdrawal scenarios showed that the model has the sensitivity to indicate water-temperature changes 42.7 miles downstream on the North Santiam River. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri844105","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., 1985, Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4105, vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844105.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26627,"text":"wri824050 - 1985 - A Reconnaissance of the water resources of the central Guanajibo Valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri824050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4050","title":"A Reconnaissance of the water resources of the central Guanajibo Valley, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824050","usgsCitation":"Colon-Dieppa, E., and Quinones-Marquez, F., 1985, A Reconnaissance of the water resources of the central Guanajibo Valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4050, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824050.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef20b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colon-Dieppa, Eloy","contributorId":16009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colon-Dieppa","given":"Eloy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinones-Marquez, Ferdinand","contributorId":79083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Marquez","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28285,"text":"wri854277 - 1985 - Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:13:28","indexId":"wri854277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4277","title":"Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>New Jersey is the most densely populated and one of the most industrialized states in the United States. An abundance of freshwater and proximity to major northeastern metropolitan centers has facilitated this development. Pumpage of freshwater from all aquifers in the State in 1980 was 730 million gallons per day (2.76 million cubic meters per day).</p><p>Management and efficient development of the ground-water resources of the State are the responsibility of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Laws have been enacted and updated by the State legislature to manage water allocation and to control the disposal of hazardous wastes. Present resource management is guided by the New Jersey Water-Supply Master Plan of 1981. Funding for management activities is partially derived from the sale of state-approved bonds.</p><p>Effective planning and regional management require accurate and up-to-date hydrologic information and analyses. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Geological Survey, is conducting three intensive ground-water studies involving the collection and interpretation of hydrologic data to meet the urgent water-management needs of New Jersey. These studies are part of a long-term cooperative program and are funded through the Water-Supply Bond Act of 1981. They began in 1983 and are scheduled to be completed in 1988.</p><p>The project areas are situated in the New Jersey part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in and near Atlantic City, Camden, and South River. They range in size from 400 to 1,200 mil (1,040 to 3,120 km2). The studies are designed to define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the local ground-water systems. The results of these studies will enable the State to address more effectively major problems in these areas such as declining water levels, overpumping, saltwater intrusion, and ground-water contamination resulting from the improper disposal of hazardous wastes.</p><p>Specific objectives of these studies by the U.S. Geological Survey are to (1) develop an accurate and up-to-date hydrogeologic data base, (2) design and implement a data-collection program and establish a computerized information&nbsp;management system, (3) refine the conceptualization of the ground-water flow system, and (4) define the geochemistry of the aquifer system by conducting a water-quality appraisal. The objectives are accomplished by standard hydrogeologic methods. Information concerning hydrogeologic framework, ground-water levels, water use, hydraulic characteristics, and water quality in the study areas is compiled from all available sources. Additional data needed are collected through well inventories, surface geophysical surveys, water-quality samplings, water-level measurements, and a well-drilling program.</p><p>Interpretation of the flow system is based on the use of standard analytical techniques and digital flow modeling. Calibrated flow models will provide ground-water managers with a mechanism to develop and test regional water-supply strategies.</p><p>Definition of the geochemistry of the aquifer system is accomplished through a variety of methods which depend on the problems and available data in the particular study area. The approach includes statistical analysis of water-quality data, reaction-path modeling, and determination of the movement of chemical constituents using analytical and numerical modeling techniques.</p><p>A combined staff of 25 to 30 professionals and technicians from the New Jersey District office of the U.S. Geological Survey is committed to the three studies. The staff has specialists in geohydrology, numerical modeling, geochemistry, geophysics, and computer science. The findings of these studies will be published in data reports, interpretive reports, instructional manuals and journal articles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854277","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P.P., 1985, Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4277, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854277.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":27397,"text":"wri854056 - 1985 - Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:31:14","indexId":"wri854056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4056","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Battle Creek has 30 wells in the Verona well field capable of yielding 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute each. During summer, total withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute. In early 1984, only 9 to 12 of the wells were being used; the remaining wells were contaminated by volatile hydrocarbons.</p><p>Ground water at and near Verona well field generally flows toward Battle Creek River except where directions are altered by pumping. &nbsp;During summer, especially during periods when withdrawals are as much as 12,000 gallons per minute, a large cone of depression develops and water is drawn to the well field from several thousand feet away. &nbsp;During winter, when withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute, the cone is smaller.</p><p>Ground-water flow is in three aquifers--a sand and gravel aquifer in deposits of Pleistocene age that overlies upper and lower sandstone aquifers of the Marshall Formation of Mississippian age. Model-simulated data that best matched measured data indicate horizontal hydraulic conductivities ranging from 15 to 110 feet per day for the sand and gravel aquifer, 150 feet per day for the upper sandstone aquifer, and 550 feet per day for the lower sandstone aquifer. &nbsp;Recharge was simulated at rates ranging from 8 to 13 inches per year.</p><p>Model simulations to evaluate the feasibility of installing new supply wells immediately north of the present field indicate that pumping 3,750 gallons per minute from new wells at the site would produce about 7 feet of drawdown in the lower sandstone aquifer in the vicinity of the new wells. Because the new wells tap only the lower sandstone aquifer, the pumping would have little effect on the potentiometric surfaces for the two overlying aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., and Twenter, F.R., 1985, Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4056, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854056.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854056.jpg"},{"id":318880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Verona Well Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28224,"text":"wri854150 - 1985 - Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4150","title":"Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-file Services Section, Western Distribution Branch [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854150","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., 1985, Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4150, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854150.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landers, M. N.","contributorId":63428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28514,"text":"wri854115 - 1985 - Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri854115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4115","title":"Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition","docAbstract":"Six synoptic surveys of 56 streams that drain the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, were conducted in cooperation with the University of Virginia to evaluate sensitivity of dilute headwater streams to acid deposition and to determine the degree of acidification of drainage basins. Flow-weighted alkalinity concentration of most streams is below 200 microequivalents per liter, which is considered the threshold of sensitivity. Streams draining resistant siliceous bedrocks have an extreme sensitivity (alkalinity below 20 microequivalents/L); those draining granite and granodiorite have a high degree of sensitivity (20 to 100 microequivalents/L); and streams draining metamorphosed volcanics have moderate to marginal sensitivity (100 to 200 microequivalents/L). A comparison of current stream water chemistry to that predicted by a model based on carbonic acid weathering reactions suggests that all basins in the Park shows signs of acidification by atmospheric deposition. Acidification is defined as a neutralization of stream water alkalinity and/or an increase in the base cation weathering rate. Acidification averages 50 microequivalents/L, which is fairly evenly distributed in the Park. However, the effects of acidification are most strongly felt in extremely sensitive basins, such as those underlain by the Antietam Formation, which have stream water pH values averaging 4.99 and a mineral acidity of 7 microequivalents/L. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854115","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D.D., and Dise, N., 1985, Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4115, vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854115.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57314,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dise, N.B.","contributorId":62645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dise","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26807,"text":"wri854190 - 1985 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and ground-water development alternatives in the Beaver-Pasquiset ground-water reservoir, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri854190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4190","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and ground-water development alternatives in the Beaver-Pasquiset ground-water reservoir, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"In a 23 sq mi study area, the Beaver-Pasquiset groundwater reservoir within the Pawcatuck River basin in southern Rhode Island, stratified drift is the only principal geologic unit capable of producing yields &gt; 350 gal/min. Transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 7,200 to 24,300 sq ft/day. Water table conditions prevail in the aquifer, which is in good hydraulic connection with perennial streams and ponds. A digital model of two-dimensional groundwater flow was used to simulate the interaction between surface water and groundwater, and to evaluate the impact of alternative schemes of groundwater development on groundwater levels, pond levels, and streamflow in the Beaver-Pasquiset groundwater reservoir. Transient simulations of theoretical pumpage were made for a drought period (1963-66) and a wet period (1976-78). The areas most favorable for development of high-capacity wells (350 gal/min or more) are along the Beaver River and near Pasquiset Pond. The water is soft and generally contains &lt; 100 mg/L dissolved solids. Locally, groundwater contains elevated concentrations of iron and manganese (7.5 and 3.7 mg/L, respectively), southeast of Pasquiset Pond, and will require treatment if used for public supply. The groundwater reservoir was simulated with a two-dimensional finite-difference model using a block-centered grid consisting of 33 rows and 75 columns. Differences between measured and simulated water table altitudes for the final steady state run for 21 selected observation wells averaged +0.07 ft. Combined pumping rates for simulation of groundwater development alternatives at eight sites ranged from 3.25 to 7.00 Mgal/d. Pumping rates for individual wells ranged from 0.25 to 1.50 Mgal/d. Transient simulations suggest that the Beaver-Pasquiset groundwater reservoir is capable of sustaining a pumping rate of 4.25 Mgal/d during years of average groundwater recharge with minimal impact on groundwater levels, pond levels, and streamflow. During extreme drought periods (1965 and 1966) it would be necessary to reduce pumpage below 3.25 Mgal/d to maintain flow in both the Beaver River and Pasquiset Brook. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854190","usgsCitation":"Dickerman, D., and Ozbilgin, M., 1985, Hydrogeology, water quality, and ground-water development alternatives in the Beaver-Pasquiset ground-water reservoir, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4190, x, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854190.","productDescription":"x, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4190/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickerman, D.C.","contributorId":48601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozbilgin, M.M.","contributorId":76789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozbilgin","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26992,"text":"wri854066 - 1985 - Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:17:47.456542","indexId":"wri854066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4066","title":"Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854066","usgsCitation":"Erickson, J., and Waddell, R.K., 1985, Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4066, Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 20.14 × 26.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854066.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 20.14 × 26.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36246.htm"},{"id":55878,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.443,\n              36.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.443,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, J.R.","contributorId":66689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, R. K.","contributorId":25560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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