The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-4, p. 61-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbce4b0c8380cd49995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017360,"text":"70017360 - 1993 - Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:38:20","indexId":"70017360","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment and water samples were collected from San Francisco Bay in 1991 during low river discharge and after spring rains. All samples were analyzed for organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides; petroleum hydrocarbons; biomarkers; and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The objectives were to determine the concentrations of these contaminants in water and suspended sediment during two different hydrologic conditions and to determine partition coefficients of the contaminants between water and sediment. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, varied with location of sample collection, riverine discharge, and tidal cycle. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in suspended sediments were highest during low river discharge but became diluted as agricultural soils entered the bay after spring rains. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons defined as dissolved in the water column were not detected. The concentrations sorbed on suspended sediments were variable and were dependent on sediment transport patterns in the bay. In contrast, the relatively hydrophilic organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon, has a more uniform concentration in suspended sediment. These pesticides were detected only after spring rains. Most of the measured diazinon, at least 98% for all samples, was in the dissolved phase. Measured partition coefficients for diazinon generally were uniform, which suggests that suspended-sediment concentrations were close to equilibrium with dissolved concentrations. The concentration of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, at any given sampling site, was driven primarily by the more abundant solution concentration. The concentrations of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, therefore, were independent of the patterns of sediment movement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352589","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K., 1993, Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 416-426, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352589.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"426","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0328e4b0c8380cd50385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017364,"text":"70017364 - 1993 - Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:56:48","indexId":"70017364","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","docAbstract":"Evaluation of Neuman's analytical solution for flow to a well in a homogeneous, anisotropic, water-table aquifer commonly requires large amounts of computation time and can produce inaccurate results for selected combinations of parameters. Large computation times occur because the integrand of a semi-infinite integral involves the summation of an infinite series. Each term of the series requires evaluation of the roots of equations, and the series itself is sometimes slowly convergent. Inaccuracies can result from lack of computer precision or from the use of improper methods of numerical integration. In this paper it is proposed to use a method of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution, provided by Neuman, to overcome these difficulties. The solution in Laplace space is simpler in form than the real-time solution; that is, the integrand of the semi-infinite integral does not involve an infinite series or the need to evaluate roots of equations. Because the integrand is evaluated rapidly, advanced methods of numerical integration can be used to improve accuracy with an overall reduction in computation time. The proposed method of computing type curves, for which a partially documented computer program (WTAQ1) was written, was found to reduce computation time by factors of 2 to 20 over the time needed to evaluate the closed-form, real-time solution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1993, Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 6, p. 966-971, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"971","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f950e4b0c8380cd4d565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017369,"text":"70017369 - 1993 - Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:59:23","indexId":"70017369","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is 0.2–0.9 nmol kg−1 for Cd, 1–20 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 4–16 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 0.2–20 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Effective concentrations in fresh water discharged into San Francisco Bay during 1990–1991 (estimated by extrapolation to zero salinity) are 740–860 μmol kg−1 for silicate, 21–44 μmol kg−1 for phosphate, 10–15 nmol kg−1for Cd, 210–450 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 210–270 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 190–390 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Comparison with effective trace metal and nutrient concentrations for freshwater discharge reported by Flegal et al. (1991) shows that input of these constituents to the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay accounts for only a fraction of the input to Gulf of the Farallones from the estuary system as a whole. The nutrient and trace metal composition of shelf water outside a 30-km radius from the mouth of the estuary closely resembles that of California Current water further offshore. In contrast to coastal waters elsewhere, there is little evidence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn input by sediment diagenesis in continental shelf waters of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352603","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1993, Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352603.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb671e4b08c986b326c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017371,"text":"70017371 - 1993 - Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:15:52","indexId":"70017371","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02718285","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Baker, J., 1993, Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 383-384, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"384","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb631e4b08c986b326afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, J.E.","contributorId":86115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017394,"text":"70017394 - 1993 - Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017394","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming","docAbstract":"Alpine glacier retreat resulting from global warming since the close of the Little Ice Age in the 19th and 20th centuries has increased the risk and incidence of some geologic and hydrologic hazards in mountainous alpine regions of North America. Abundant loose debris in recently deglaciated areas at the toe of alpine glaciers provides a ready source of sediment during rainstorms or outburst floods. This sediment can cause debris flows and sedimentation problems in downstream areas. Moraines built during the Little Ice Age can trap and store large volumes of water. These natural dams have no controlled outlets and can fail without warning. Many glacier-dammed lakes have grown in size, while ice dams have shrunk, resulting in greater risks of ice-dam failure. The retreat and thinning of glacier ice has left oversteepened, unstable valley walls and has led to increased incidence of rock and debris avalanches. ?? 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00605437","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J.E., and Costa, J.E., 1993, Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming: Natural Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 121-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00605437.","startPage":"121","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605437"},{"id":228921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18f6e4b0c8380cd5585e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017402,"text":"70017402 - 1993 - Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:13:22","indexId":"70017402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous, work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concenrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352604","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Luther, G., 1993, Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352604.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718304"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0241e4b0c8380cd4ff84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luther, G.W.","contributorId":37913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luther","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017404,"text":"70017404 - 1993 - Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:19:06","indexId":"70017404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Clues to the overall structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the rift structures are broad, extending farther to the north than to the south of the surface features. The magnetic data give more definition to the rift structures by allowing separation into a narrow, highly-magnetized, shallow zone and broad, flanking, magnetic lows. The patterns of gravity, magnetic variations, and seismicity document the southward migration of the upper cast rift zone. Regional, hydrologic features of Kilauea can be determined from resistivity and self-potential studies. High-level groundwater exists beneath Kilauea summit to elevations of +800 m within a triangular area bounded by the west edge of the upper southwest rift zone, the east edge of the upper east rift zone, and the Koa'c fault system. High-level groundwater is present within the east rift zone beyond the triangular summit area. Self-potential mapping shows that areas of local heat produce local fluid circulation in the unconfined aquifer (water table). The dynamics of Kilauea eruptions are responsible for both the source of heat and the fracture permeability of the hydrothermal system. Shallow seismicity and surface deformation indicate that magma is intruding and that fractures are forming beneath the rift zones and summit area. Magma supply estimates are used to calculate the rate of heat input to Kilauea's hydrothermal systems. Heat flows of 370-820 mW/m2 are calculated from deep wells within the lower east rift zone. The estimated heat input rate for Kilauea of 9 gigawatts (GW) is at least 25 times higher than the conductive heat loss as estimated from the heat flow in wells extrapolated over the area of the summit caldera and rift zones. Heat must be dissipated by another mechanism, or the heat input rate estimates are much too high. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., 1993, Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 4, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268156,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2811e4b0c8380cd59dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017416,"text":"70017416 - 1993 - Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:33:36.125435","indexId":"70017416","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","docAbstract":"Surface water quality data for 15 sampling stations in the Arkansas, Verdigris, Neosho, and Walnut river basins inside the state of Kansas were analyzed to detect trends (or lack of trends) in 17 major constituents by using four different non-parametric methods. The results show that concentrations of specific conductance, total dissolved solids, calcium, total hardness, sodium, potassium, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, total phosphorus, ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and suspended sediment generally have downward trends. Some of the downward trends are related to increases in discharge, while others could be caused by decreases in pollution sources. Homogeneity tests show that both station-wide trends and basinwide trends are non-homogeneous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Yu, Y., Zou, S., and Whittemore, D., 1993, Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 150, no. 1, p. 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6761e4b0c8380cd732d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Y.-S.","contributorId":98892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, S.","contributorId":68898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, D.","contributorId":39530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittemore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017435,"text":"70017435 - 1993 - Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:54:07","indexId":"70017435","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Ambats, G., and Thordsen, J., 1993, Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 499-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"501","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266058,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a0e4b0c8380cd5012f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambats, G.","contributorId":64825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, J.J.","contributorId":43121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017436,"text":"70017436 - 1993 - Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:35:55","indexId":"70017436","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Two small (100 ha) watersheds located on Catoctin Mountain in north-central Maryland were intensively instrumented in 1990 and have been hydrologically, chemically, and isotopically monitored for 3 years. Dissolved concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, total AI, CI-, NO3-, SO42- , HCO3-, and SiO2) and stable isotopic (D and 18O) values have been analyzed for most types of water (precipitation, throughfall, two depths of soil water, shallow groundwater, and streamwater) that enter, travel through, and exit each watershed. The major objectives of the study were to characterize the chemical and isotopic signatures of all aqueous components of the watersheds and to interpret the causes of the changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of streamwater during storm runoff. This paper describes selected results of the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90200-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Bricker, O., 1993, Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 319-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90200-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Catoctin Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.57049901310693\n ],\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.69001640474053\n ],\n [\n -77.3880386352539,\n 39.69001640474053\n ],\n [\n -77.3880386352539,\n 39.57049901310693\n ],\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.57049901310693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3698e4b0c8380cd6083d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017442,"text":"70017442 - 1993 - Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:55:22","indexId":"70017442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Typically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water-use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Kenny, J.F., 1993, Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 973-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x.","startPage":"973","endPage":"979","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267686,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x"},{"id":228975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c60e4b0c8380cd69bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenny, J. F.","contributorId":100378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017443,"text":"70017443 - 1993 - Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:46:42","indexId":"70017443","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture","docAbstract":"A semi-analytical model is developed to determine transmissivity and storativity from the interpretation of transient flow in an observation well due to pumping in a source well where the two wells are connected by a single fracture. Flow rate can be determined using a heat-pulse flowmeter located above the intersection of the fracture in the observation well. The results of a field experiment were interpreted using the new model and compared with drawdown data from the same test. Good agreement between the transmissivity estimates was observed whereas estimates of storativity were found to be better determined from the analysis of flow rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90237-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lapcevic, P., Novakowski, K., and Paillet, F.L., 1993, Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture: Journal of Hydrology, v. 151, no. 2-4, p. 229-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90237-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb14e4b0c8380cd48bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapcevic, P.A.","contributorId":24508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapcevic","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novakowski, K.S.","contributorId":96851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novakowski","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017450,"text":"70017450 - 1993 - Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-II. Organic geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T07:05:31","indexId":"70017450","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-II. Organic geochemistry","docAbstract":"Crude oil spilled from a pipeline break in a remote area of north-central Minnesota has contaminated a shallow glacial outwash aquifer. Part of the oil was sprayed over a large area to the west of the pipeline and part of it accumulated in an oil body that floats at the water table to the east of the point of discharge. Total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC) concentrations in shallow groundwater collected in the oil spray area reach 16 mg/l. This is nearly an order of magnitude higher than the TDOC concentrations of native groundwater (∼2–3mg/l). The additional TDOC derives from the partial degradation of petroleum residues deposited at the land surface and transported to the aquifer by vertical recharge. In the vicinity of the oil body, TDOC concentrations in groundwater are 48 mg/l, 58% of the TDOC being composed of non-volatile organic C. The majority of the volatile DOC (63%) is a mixture of low-molecular-weight saturated, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons derived from the oil. Downgradient from the oil body along the direction of groundwater flow, concentrations of all measured constituents of the TDOC pool decrease. Concentrations begin to decline most rapidly, however, in the zone where dissolved O2 concentrations begin to increase, ∼50m downgradient from the leading edge of the oil. Within the anoxic zone near the oil body, removal rates of isometric monoaromatic hydrocarbons vary widely. This indicates that the removal processes are mediated mainly by microbiological activity. Molecular and spectroscopic characterization of the TDOC and its spatial and temporal variation provide evidence of the importance of biogeochemical processes in attenuating petroleum contaminants in this perturbed subsurface environment.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac00068a029","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Aga, D., and Thurman, E., 1993, Coupling solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ultratrace determination of herbicides in pristine water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 20, p. 2894-2898, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00068a029.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2894","endPage":"2898","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8de4b0c8380cd4e2f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aga, D.S.","contributorId":18521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aga","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017465,"text":"70017465 - 1993 - A brief history of the American radium industry and its ties to the scientific community of its early twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:52:55","indexId":"70017465","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A brief history of the American radium industry and its ties to the scientific community of its early twentieth century","docAbstract":"Federally funded remedial action projects are presently underway in New Jersey and Colorado at sites containing 226Ra and other radionuclides from radium-uranium ore extraction plants that operated during the early twentieth century. They are but the latest chapter in the story of an American industry that emerged and perished in the span of three decades. Major extraction plants were established in or near Denver (CO), Pittsburgh (PA), and New York City (NY) to process radium from ore that came largely from the carnotite deposits of western Colorado and eastern Utah. The staffs of these plants included some of the finest chemists and physicists in the nation, and the highly-refined radium products found a variety of uses in medicine and industry. The discovery of high-grade pitchblende ores in the Belgian Congo and the subsequent opening of an extraction plant near Antwerp, Belgium, in 1992, however, created an economic climate that put an end to the American radium industry. The geologic, chemical, and engineering information gathered during this era formed the basis of the uranium industry of the later part of the century, while the tailings and residues came to be viewed as environmental problems during the same period.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0160-4120(93)90275-M","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 1993, A brief history of the American radium industry and its ties to the scientific community of its early twentieth century: Environment International, v. 19, no. 5, p. 503-508, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(93)90275-M.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"508","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499883,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/177de79c1bf34e1bbdc259cae7f41f00","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(93)90275-M"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e32fe4b0c8380cd45e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017477,"text":"70017477 - 1993 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017477","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","docAbstract":"Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00789324","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Toy, T., Osterkamp, W.R., and Renard, K., 1993, Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324"},{"id":228754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e7e4b0c8380cd7b7b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toy, T.J.","contributorId":36626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renard, K.G.","contributorId":42378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renard","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017488,"text":"70017488 - 1993 - Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:07:33","indexId":"70017488","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","docAbstract":"Nearly a decade of intensive geophysical logging at fractured rock hydrology research sites indicates that geophysical logs can be used to identify and characterize fractures intersecting boreholes. However, borehole-to-borehole flow tests indicate that only a few of the apparently open fractures found to intersect boreholes conduct flow under test conditions. This paper presents a systematic approach to fracture characterization designed to define the distribution of fractures along boreholes, relate the measured fracture distribution to structure and lithology of the rock mass, and define the nature of fracture flow paths across borehole arrays. Conventional electrical resistivity, gamma, and caliper logs are used to define lithology and large-scale structure. Borehole wall image logs obtained with the borehole televiewer are used to give the depth, orientation, and relative size of fractures in situ. High-resolution flowmeter measurements are used to identify fractures conducting flow in the rock mass adjacent to the boreholes. Changes in the flow field over time are used to characterize the hydraulic properties of fracture intersections between boreholes. Application of this approach to an array of 13 boreholes at the Mirror Lake, New Hamsphire site demonstrates that the transient flow analysis can be used to distinguish between fractures communicating with each other between observation boreholes, and those that are hydraulically isolated from each other in the surrounding rock mass. The Mirror Lake results also demonstrate that the method is sensitive to the effects of boreholes on the hydraulic properties of the fractured-rock aquifer. Experiments conducted before and after the drilling of additional boreholes in the array and before and after installation of packers in existing boreholes demonstrate that the presence of new boreholes or the inflation of packers in existing boreholes has a large effect on the measured hydraulic properties of the rock mass surrounding the borehole array.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1993, Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 30, no. 4, p. 261-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc038e4b08c986b329fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017496,"text":"70017496 - 1993 - Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer—I. Hydrogeology and inorganic geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:48:45","indexId":"70017496","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer—I. Hydrogeology and inorganic geochemistry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00042a603","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., 1993, Model for humus in soils and sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 814-816, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00042a603.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"814","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5babe4b0c8380cd6f70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017696,"text":"70017696 - 1993 - Effects of climate change on drought risks in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017696","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of climate change on drought risks in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint River basin","docAbstract":"Possible effects of climate change on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basin is simulated with a computer model. Model inputs are monthly temperature and precipitation that simulate several possible climate change scenarios. Preliminary results for climate scenarios based on output for three popular general circulation models indicate that lower flows will occur more frequently if the regional climate warms and monthly precipitation decreases during critical summer months.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262921X","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1993, Effects of climate change on drought risks in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint River basin, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 49-54.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06aee4b0c8380cd51382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017715,"text":"70017715 - 1993 - Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:00:58","indexId":"70017715","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages","docAbstract":"The terrestrial-aquatic interface beneath a riparian corridor was investigated as a region of hydrological and biological control of nutrient flux. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the hyporheic zone ranged from <1.0 to 9.5 mg l-1 due to permeability variations in bankside sediments. DO concentration was related to the proportion of stream water in the lateral hyporheic zone, indicating that the channel water was the DO source. The magnitude and timing of lateral water exchange was linked to previously published studies of nitrification and denitrification. Both nitrification potential and channel exchange decreased with distance from the channel and were absent at sites lacking effective exchange, due to low DO. Field amendment of ammonium to an aerobic flow path indicated nitrification potential under natural hydrological conditions. Denitrification potential was inversely related to channel exchange and was insignificant in channel sediments. Field amendment of acetylene plus nitrate to a flow path with low DO and minimal channel exchange indicated denitrification of amended nitrate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00762.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Duff, J., and Avanzino, R., 1993, Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00762.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d8e4b0c8380cd77d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017727,"text":"70017727 - 1993 - Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:30:21","indexId":"70017727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less-than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Raccoon River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b2e4b0c8380cd5139a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017737,"text":"70017737 - 1993 - Simulation of changes in storm-runoff characteristics, Perris Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017737","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of changes in storm-runoff characteristics, Perris Valley, California","docAbstract":"The population of Perris Valley, California, has increased from about 20,000 in 1970 to more than 130,000 in 1992. Increased urbanization in Perris Valley since 1970 has produced appreciable changes in storm-runoff characteristics. Additional impervious area has resulted in increased storm-runoff volumes and peak discharges. Few studies have documented the effect of urbanization on runoff characteristics in the Perris Valley area. A study of runoff characteristics under the current level of development in Perris Valley was begun in 1989 to determine how recent urbanization changed runoff characteristics from 1970-75, a period for which rainfall and runoff data are available. This paper briefly describes the methods being used in a study to determine the effects of urbanization in Perris Valley and presents a few results of that study. Rainfall and runoff data collected in a previous study (1970-75) were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model. This model will be used to simulate the runoff in Perris Valley during the early development of the basin. Rainfall and runoff data currently (1990-93) being collected in Perris Valley will be used to calibrate and verify a rainfall-runoff model simulating the current runoff conditions. Two simulations of a long-term time series of runoff will be done using the rainfall-runoff models and historical rainfall. A duration analysis of the simulated runoff will be used to compare the storm-runoff characteristics of the two urban conditions.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262921X","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., 1993, Simulation of changes in storm-runoff characteristics, Perris Valley, California, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 983-988.","startPage":"983","endPage":"988","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9016e4b08c986b3192f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guay, Joel R.","contributorId":22403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}