A method is presented to assist policy makers in determining the combination of number of sampling stations and number of years of sampling necessary to state with a given probability that a step reduction in atmospheric deposition rates of a given magnitude has occurred at a pre-specified time. This pre-specified time would typically be the time at which a sulfate emission control program took effect, and the given magnitude of reduction is some percentage change in deposition rate one might expect to occur as a result of the emission control. In order to determine this probability of detection, a stochastic model of sulfate deposition rates is developed, based on New York State bulk collection network data. The model considers the effect of variation in precipitation, seasonal variations, serial correlation, and site-to-site (cross) correlation. A nonparametric statistical test which is well suited to detection of step changes in such multi-site data sets is developed. It is related to the Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum test. The test is used in Monte Carlo simulations along with the stochastic model to derive statistical power functions. These power functions describe the probability of detecting (α=0.05) a step trend in deposition rate as a function of the size of the step-trend, record length before and after the step-trend, and the number of stations sampled. The results show that, for an area the size of New York State, very little power is gained by increasing the number of stations beyond about eight. The results allow policy makers to determine the tradeoff between the cost of monitoring and time required to detect a step-trend of a given magnitude with a given probability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Gilroy, E., 1985, Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 5, p. 773-784, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff5ce4b0c8380cd4f144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilroy, E.J.","contributorId":20306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199771,"text":"70199771 - 1985 - Petroleum industry drilling in industrialized and developing areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T14:34:04","indexId":"70199771","displayToPublicDate":"1985-09-13T14:21:56","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2829,"text":"Natural Resources Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum industry drilling in industrialized and developing areas","docAbstract":"International drilling statistics show significant differences in target depths as well as the mix between onshore and offshore wells. Unlike the USA, where most of the drilling has been concentrated in depths to 5000 f (shallow depths), the preponderance of wildcat wells drilled in South America and Africa reach much deeper horizons. Offshore wildcat drilling represents less than 4% of total US wildcat drilling. However, more than half of the wildcat wells in Africa and two-fifths of the wildcat wells in South America in 1982 were offshore. In this paper, these differences are traced, in part, to the economic factors that drive petroleum exploration in these areas. Factors such as product markets, drilling costs (rig availability), product transportation systems, and business risk determine the minimum commercial size of hydrocarbon discoveries and the type of operator that can profitably develop discoveries:
The plan of the paper is as follows; first, drilling statistics and trends for several areas are discussed. After this, the differences in economic factors that account for the different patterns of exploration are identified. In the concluding section, some strategies are suggested to encourage development of marginally commercial oil and gas fields located at shallow depths
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1477-8947.1985.tb01052.x","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 1985, Petroleum industry drilling in industrialized and developing areas: Natural Resources Forum, v. 9, no. 2, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1985.tb01052.x.","productDescription":"7p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012810,"text":"70012810 - 1985 - Seismic-reflection signature of cretaceous continental breakup on the Wilkes Land margin, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T13:31:04.490221","indexId":"70012810","displayToPublicDate":"1985-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection signature of cretaceous continental breakup on the Wilkes Land margin, Antarctica","docAbstract":"The passive (rifted) continental margin of Wilkes Land, Antarctica, is characterized on seismic reflection records by (i) in the south, a block-faulted sequence of highly stratified continental beds overlain by two distinct unconformities; (ii) a transitional, greatly thinned continental crust overlain by material interpreted to be flood basalt; and (iii) in the north, oceanic crust with a boundary ridge at its edge. The Mohorovičić discontinuity can be followed across the continent-ocean boundary and shows a progressive thinning of continental crust to a minimum of 2.5 kilometers at its northern edge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.229.4718.1082","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Eittreim, S., Hampton, M.A., and Childs, J.R., 1985, Seismic-reflection signature of cretaceous continental breakup on the Wilkes Land margin, Antarctica: Science, v. 229, no. 4718, p. 1082-1084, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4718.1082.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1082","endPage":"1084","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Wilkes Land","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 118.42749253388467,\n -73.81291685672498\n ],\n [\n 159.71840003397233,\n -73.81291685672498\n ],\n [\n 159.71840003397233,\n -66.43733266250635\n ],\n [\n 118.42749253388467,\n -66.43733266250635\n ],\n [\n 118.42749253388467,\n -73.81291685672498\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"229","issue":"4718","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b83e4b08c986b3178b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eittreim, Stephen","contributorId":102553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":364588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012247,"text":"70012247 - 1985 - Episodic rifting of phanerozoic rocks in the Victoria Land basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T13:32:10.428723","indexId":"70012247","displayToPublicDate":"1985-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic rifting of phanerozoic rocks in the Victoria Land basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Multichannel seismic-reflection data show that the Victoria Land basin, unlike other sedimentary basins in the Ross Sea, includes a rift-depression 15 to 25 kilometers wide that parallels the Transantarctic Mountains and contains up to 12 kilometers of possible Paleozoic to Holocene age sedimentary rocks. An unconformity separates the previously identified Cenozoic sedimentary section from the underlying strata of possible Mesozoic and Paleozoic age. Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks intrude into the entire section along the eastern flank of the basin. The Victoria Land basin is probably part of a more extensive rift system that has been active episodically since Paleozoic time. Inferred rifting and basin subsidence during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time may be associated with regional crustal extension and uplift of the nearby Transantarctic Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.229.4718.1085","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., and Davey, F., 1985, Episodic rifting of phanerozoic rocks in the Victoria Land basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Science, v. 229, no. 4718, p. 1085-1087, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4718.1085.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Western Ross Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -138.73518191130916,\n -71.01416580074937\n ],\n [\n -208.61520733350773,\n -71.01416580074937\n ],\n [\n -208.61520733350773,\n -78.27224818439953\n ],\n [\n -138.73518191130916,\n -78.27224818439953\n ],\n [\n -138.73518191130916,\n -71.01416580074937\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"229","issue":"4718","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a13e4b0c8380cd521bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davey, F.J.","contributorId":99152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223357,"text":"5223357 - 1985 - Contaminant residues in fish and sediments from lakes in the Atchafalaya River Basin (Louisiana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:12:05.521341","indexId":"5223357","displayToPublicDate":"1985-09-01T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant residues in fish and sediments from lakes in the Atchafalaya River Basin (Louisiana)","docAbstract":"Conversion of bottomland hardwood forests ℴ agricultural land has reduced habitat and water quality in many lakes in the floodplain of the lower Mississippi River. The objectives of this study were to ascertain current contaminant residue concentrations in fish and sediment from lakes in the Atchafalaya River Basin and to determine the influence of overflow and agricultural land use on contaminant levels. Fish and sediment samples were collected from eight lakes that differed in overflow (no overflow, headwater overflow, backwater overflow) and land-use characteristics (presence or absence of agricultural land). Residue analysis of 24 sediment and 82 fish samples collected from the study lakes showed that contaminant residues were uniformly low. Total DDT concentrations, consisting mainly of DDE, were found in 98% of the fish samples and generally were the highest residues though they rarely exceeded 0.50 μg/g. Dieldrin, α-BHC and γ-BHC, in concentrations rarely exceeding 0.05 μg/g, were detected in about 50% of the fish samples. Total organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues were less than 2.00 μg/g in all fish from all lakes, except for a 3.46 μg/g total in spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) from one lake. Sediments were free from pesticide residues except for occasional traces (0.01 μg/g) of α-BHC. Metal residue concentrations in fish and sediment samples were typical of uncontaminated areas. Lake systems in the Atchafalaya River Basin appeared to be relatively uncontaminated by agricultural pesticides, but metal and organic residues in fish were similar from lakes with the same land-use and overflow characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055388","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., and Andreasen, J.K., 1985, Contaminant residues in fish and sediments from lakes in the Atchafalaya River Basin (Louisiana): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 5, p. 579-586, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055388.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.35068322053141,\n 29.278637011487447\n ],\n [\n -89.98641481029229,\n 29.706700645240673\n ],\n [\n -90.07037935988335,\n 29.977215216142227\n ],\n [\n -90.71810588529938,\n 30.029153141543134\n ],\n [\n -91.197903311534,\n 30.309147206940025\n ],\n [\n -91.63571846297276,\n 30.918204495029755\n ],\n [\n -91.05396408366363,\n 32.17549525199841\n ],\n [\n -91.20989810279053,\n 32.94885275839151\n ],\n [\n -92.82321694850341,\n 32.94885275839151\n ],\n [\n -92.52934102493508,\n 31.41086526110982\n ],\n [\n -92.60730810669784,\n 30.85129000681927\n ],\n [\n -92.57732076755853,\n 30.101817488823315\n ],\n [\n -92.09152171464704,\n 29.550300375725115\n ],\n [\n -91.0239724412757,\n 29.200135832922854\n ],\n [\n -89.35068322053141,\n 29.278637011487447\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db6929bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, Parley V.","contributorId":27983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"Parley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, J. K.","contributorId":38513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207664,"text":"70207664 - 1985 - Estuary-wide mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bar, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T17:42:15","indexId":"70207664","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-31T17:33:37","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estuary-wide mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bar, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the fourth symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '85 : Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 30 - August 2, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Dial, S., Quammen, M.L., Deis, D., and Johnston, J.B., 1985, Estuary-wide mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bar, Florida, in Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the fourth symposium on coastal and ocean management, Baltimore, MD, July 30 - August 2, 1985, p. 1332-1345.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1332","endPage":"1345","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -82.188720703125,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -82.188720703125,\n 28.069556808283608\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.069556808283608\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 27.430289738862594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dial, Steve","contributorId":221574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dial","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quammen, Millicent L.","contributorId":218143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quammen","given":"Millicent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deis, Don","contributorId":221575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deis","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113421,"text":"70113421 - 1985 - Monitoring the earth: too many players?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T16:20:09","indexId":"70113421","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T16:03:08","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3017,"text":"Pecora 10 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the earth: too many players?","docAbstract":"A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs. Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library (the Global Environment Monitoring System of the United Nations Environment Program), and an ambitious experiment to validate algorithms to derive land surface climatological parameters (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project).
\nModeling and understanding the Earth as an integrated system is an immense undertaking and will require at least as many measurements as are currently acquired. Improved coordination is required among the diverse national and international measurement/monitoring programs to ensure that sensors, launch dates, orbits, and supporting research are complementary to the maximum extent possible. Development of a long-term program of Earth system monitoring/modeling, such as the International Global Change Program proposed by the International Council of Scientific Unions, could provide the necessary focus and structure for effective international coordination and cooperation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Thorley, G.A., 1985, Monitoring the earth: too many players?: Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 457-462.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777ee4b0abf75cf2c153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorley, Gene A.","contributorId":55957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorley","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113415,"text":"70113415 - 1985 - The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T16:02:25","indexId":"70113415","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:59:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3017,"text":"Pecora 10 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) jointly evaluated the used of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images for the calculate of normalized difference data as a green biomass indicator in an arid rangeland environment. The normalized difference data were compared to corresponding field-collected herbage data, and were used in a geographic information system to provide range management information.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Holm, T.M., Draeger, W.C., Williams, P.T., and Buzzard, R.F., 1985, The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring: Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 398-398.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7871e4b0abf75cf2d547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Thomas M. holm@usgs.gov","contributorId":261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Thomas","email":"holm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Patrick T.","contributorId":87456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzzard, Robert F.","contributorId":45632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzzard","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113398,"text":"70113398 - 1985 - Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:13:27.734632","indexId":"70113398","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:30:04","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","docAbstract":"A Landsat-based vegetation map was prepared for Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent lands, 2 million and 2.5 million acres respectively. The refuge lies within the middle boreal sub zone of south central Alaska. Seven major classes and sixteen subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed); deciduous scrub (lowland and montane, subalpine); dwarf scrub (dwarf shrub tundra, lichen tundra, dwarf shrub and lichen tundra, dwarf shrub peatland, string bog/wetlands); herbaceous (graminoid meadows and marshes); scarcely vegetated areas ; water (clear, moderately turbid, highly turbid); and glaciers.
\nThe methodology employed a cluster-block technique. Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photo interpretation, and digital Landsat data. Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved: preprocessing (geometric connection), spectral class labeling of sample areas, derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, preliminary classification of the entree study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification through ancillary information such as digital elevation data.
\nThe vegetation map (scale 1:250,000) was a pioneering effort since there were no intermediate-sclae maps of the area. Representative of distinctive regional patterns, the map was suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning and wildlife management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., Shasby, M., and Bailey, T., 1985, Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 333-345.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.335508,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.516137 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7759e4b0abf75cf2c10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shasby, M.B.","contributorId":68367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, T.N.","contributorId":99896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113380,"text":"70113380 - 1985 - Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:56:19.187034","indexId":"70113380","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:02:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data","docAbstract":"The fuel information, in support of the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) national fire program, has been obtained through the manila interpretation of Landsat multi-spectral scanner images and digital image analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The BLM, in cooperation with the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center, determined that the accuracy (approximately 90 percent overall) was similar for deriving fire fuel information for Malheur County in eastern Oregon using either approach, and for an area the size of Malheur County (6.4 million acres), the costs were about the same (0.19 cents per acre). But the cost per acre was substantially lower (0.04 cents) where digital analysis of AVHRR data were used to derive fire fuel information for a 42-million-acre area in eastern Oregon. Based on these results, the BLM is using digital analysis of AVHRR data to support its operational fire fuel mapping program.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.A., and Johnston, D.C., 1985, Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 305-314.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Malheur County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.2336,41.997 ], [ -118.2336,44.4445 ], [ -116.8941,44.4445 ], [ -116.8941,41.997 ], [ -118.2336,41.997 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7658e4b0abf75cf2bf3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Wayne A. wamiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Wayne","email":"wamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, David C.","contributorId":98636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113365,"text":"70113365 - 1985 - Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:44:34.683767","indexId":"70113365","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T14:40:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach","docAbstract":"A range forage utilization study on the Crow Creek Indian Reservation in central South Dakota provided the opportunity to use Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data for examining range condition trends. A procedure was developed to compare change in spectral reflectance over time for polygon areas, defined by resource type within management units. A t-test was used to evaluate changes in brightness and greenness within pastures between September 27, 1978, and September 18, 1983. The first principal component transformation from four-band MSS images for both dates was used as a measure of brightness. Greenness was measure using the second principal component transformation for both dates. Examination of the brightness date showed that the assumptions required for a valid t-test were met. The greenness data violated the assumption of independence between dates and was not used for trend comparisons. The t-values calculated from each polygon were coded into three groups: (1) those indicating significant brightness decrease, (2) those indicating significant brightness increase, and (3) those indicating no significant brightness change. Significance was determine at the 5-percent level. These results were formatted into an image, which is a preliminary product for evaluating range condition trends over a 5-year period.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Johnston, D.C., and Haas, R.H., 1985, Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 169-178.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Crow Creek Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.239163,43.947517 ], [ -99.239163,43.963581 ], [ -99.207148,43.963581 ], [ -99.207148,43.947517 ], [ -99.239163,43.947517 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7651e4b0abf75cf2bf20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, David C.","contributorId":98636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113342,"text":"70113342 - 1985 - Updating range surveys using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:37:11.807351","indexId":"70113342","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:58:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Updating range surveys using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"A spatial database was developed for the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota to demonstrate the use of a geographic information system for natural resource management. A key component of the digital database was a detailed soil survey. Range site boundaries were derived by aggregating soil mapping units on the basis on interpretations from the published soil surveys. The problem was that no range survey data including stocking rates and condition class were available for the soil-survey-derived range sites. The only available range survey was a survey that was based on range site delineations from a Missouri River Basin Inventory (MRBI) program conducted in 1961, prior to the availability of soil survey data. The MRBI survey information was correlated with the revised range sites derived from the soil surveys to device stocking rates and condition classes. A 1:24,000-scale map which included revised range site boundaries and management boundaries was produced for each township within the reservation. All polygons on the maps were uniquely labeled to permit discrimination of the potential differences in range site stocking rates due to grazing management practices. The maps and the associated polygon attribute data were merged with maps of the MRBI transect information to derive the stocking rate and condition class for each revised range site within a management unit. The resulting database components were a map of revised range site boundaries within management units and an associated tabular file containing attribute information including stocking rate and condition class.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., and Sjaastad, D.C., 1985, Updating range surveys using a geographic information system, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 135-142.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Berthold Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.7853,47.4611 ], [ -102.7853,47.8195 ], [ -102.2054,47.8195 ], [ -102.2054,47.4611 ], [ -102.7853,47.4611 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae788be4b0abf75cf2d81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjaastad, David C.","contributorId":107203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjaastad","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113341,"text":"70113341 - 1985 - Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:03:01.720688","indexId":"70113341","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:47:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data","docAbstract":"The enactment of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) in 1980 imposed mandates on all major land management agencies in Alaska to prepare comprehensive resource and management plans to assess wildlife habitat, oil and gas exploration and development, wild and scenic river, land disposals, timber production, and archaeological and cultural resources, To meet these objective, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has embarked on a plan to classify land cover for the entire State of Alaska using Landsat digital data. the USGS, in cooperation with other agencies, has completely Landsat-derived land use and land cover classification of 115 million acres for the State of Alaska. With this work as a substantial foundation, the USGS has prepared a comprehensive plan for classifying the remaining areas of Alaska. The development of this program will lead to a complete interim land use and land cover classification system for Alaska and provide for the dissemination of map products, statistics, and acreage summaries for all areas of Alaska at 1:250,000 scale. It also allows for the dissemination of Landsat digital data for those areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Shasby, M., Carneggie, D., Gaydos, L., Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., Lauer, D., Ambrosia, V., and Benjamin, S., 1985, Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 89-101.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7750e4b0abf75cf2c0f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shasby, Mark shasbym@usgs.gov","contributorId":69158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"Mark","email":"shasbym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carneggie, David","contributorId":91019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, Katherine","contributorId":75906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauer, Donald","contributorId":100745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ambrosia, Vincent","contributorId":68653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrosia","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benjamin, Susan","contributorId":77938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70113321,"text":"70113321 - 1985 - New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:52:10.416845","indexId":"70113321","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:20:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management","docAbstract":"Forest and range resource scientists were among the first to recognize the potential of aircraft and satellite remote sensing for management of timber, forage, water, and wildlife resource. Today, data from a variety of sensor systems are being put to practical use for inventorying, monitoring, and assessing forest and range resources. In the future, improved sensor systems providing new kinds of data will be available. Likewise, new types of data handling and processing systems can be anticipated.
\nAmong the new or anticipated aircraft and satellite systems and/or data are National High-Altitude Photograph II, U. S. Geological Survey-acquired Side-Looking Airborne Radar, the Landsat thematic mapper, the National Oceanic Resolution Radiometer, the French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite, the European Space Agency Earth Resources Satellite, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Large Format Camera and Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A, -B, and -C), and a variety of other systems in existence or planned by the Soviets, Japanese, Canadians, Chinese, Brazilians, Indonesians, and other.
\nApplication examples are presented that illustrate uses of 1-kilometer-resolution AVHRR data, 80-meter Landsat multispectral scanner data, 30-meter Landsat thematic mapper data, and 10-meter SPOT-simulator data. These examples address fire fuel monitoring, land cover mapping, rangeland assessment, and soils landscape mapping.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., 1985, New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management, in Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 30-41.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7784e4b0abf75cf2c16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120922,"text":"70120922 - 1985 - The effects of catastrophic ecosystem disturbance: the residual mammals at Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:30:24","indexId":"70120922","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T13:20:48","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of catastrophic ecosystem disturbance: the residual mammals at Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"Individuals that survive the direct effects of community- or ecosystem-level disturbances, i.e., \"residuals\", can have major roles in determining the rate and pathway of subsequent secondary succession. The explosive eruption of the Mount St. Helens volcano on 19 May 1980 resulted in severe damage to a cast array of animal and plant populations (Edwards and Schwartz, 1981; MacMahon, 1982; Hayward et al., 1982). We apply the term \"catastrophic\" to this event because of its intensity and the large area (>600 km2) over which successional processes were initiated.
\nWe present here the results of surveys for mammals, particularly small mammals (excluding bats), conducted in the Mount St. Helens region during the 40 months following the eruption. Our purpose was to elucidate any patterns in species representation that might exist along a gradient of disturbance \"intensity\", and thus document which species could potentially influence early plant successional patterns there. We infer whether individuals captured were more likely to have been residuals (or their descendants), or immigrants from areas less affected by the eruption, from consideration of the time span between the eruption and the capture date, the trapping location, and life history data. We also make inferences concerning the animal-environment relationships that led to our survey results, and thereby address the question of the likelihood of other types of disturbance, either natural or anthropogenic, producing similar results. Data concerning survival of Thomomys talpoides, the northern pocket gopher, have been presented elsewhere (Andersen, 1982). Initial results from our studies of the relationships among residual small mammals and plant population dynamics are detailed in MacMahon and Warner (1984), Allen et al. (1984) and Andersen and MacMahon (in press).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1380942","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and MacMahon, J.A., 1985, The effects of catastrophic ecosystem disturbance: the residual mammals at Mount St. Helens: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 66, no. 3, p. 581-589, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380942.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1380942"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25843,46.160295 ], [ -122.25843,46.222088 ], [ -122.13037,46.222088 ], [ -122.13037,46.160295 ], [ -122.25843,46.160295 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25ff3e4b0333418718974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacMahon, James A.","contributorId":9581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacMahon","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222215,"text":"70222215 - 1985 - Quaternary tectonic setting of the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-22T13:30:59.488043","indexId":"70222215","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T12:28:17","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary tectonic setting of the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake, central Idaho","docAbstract":"The 1983 Borah Peak earthquake was accompanied by extensive surface faulting along a part of the Lost River fault that has abundant evidence of latest Quaternary (last 15,000 yr) offset. This fault and two similar range-front normal faults along the Lemhi Range and Beaverhead Mountains lie in an area of basin-and-range structure in central Idaho that is part of a roughly V-shaped belt of latest Quaternary surface faulting that extends from the Wasatch fault, through the Yellowstone area, to the Lost River fault. The position of this belt may be related to the outward migration of a thermal front associated with the northeastward progression of late Cenozoic silicic volcanism along the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain axis. The central segments of the Lost River, Lemhi, and Beaverhead faults have been active more recently, and probably more active throughout Quaternary time, than the southern and northern segments. The main 1983 surface faulting occurred in an area of high structural relief along a central segment of the Lost River fault that has ruptured in latest Quaternary time, which suggests that comparable areas along other range fronts in the area should be regarded as likely sites of future surface faulting. Other perspective of fault behavior suggest additional possible sites, and all segments of the range-front faults are regarded as capable of surface faulting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750041053","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.E., Pierce, K.L., and Hait, M.H., 1985, Quaternary tectonic setting of the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake, central Idaho: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 4, p. 1053-1066, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750041053.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1066","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/4/1053/118755/Quaternary-tectonic-setting-of-the-1983-Borah-Peak"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"central Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265624999,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265624999,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hait, M. H. Jr.","contributorId":53451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hait","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222014,"text":"5222014 - 1985 - Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:08:00.859627","indexId":"5222014","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983","docAbstract":"The dynamics of a wintering population of Black—capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) were studied from 1958—1983 using capture—recapture methods. The Jolly—Seber model was used to obtain annual estimates of population size, survival rate, and recruitment. The average estimated population size over this period was °160 birds. The average estimated number of new birds entering the population each year and alive at the time of sampling was °57. The arithmetic mean annual survival rate estimate was °0.59. We tested hypothesis about possible relationships between these population parameters and (1) the natural introduction of Tufted Titmice (Parus bicolor) to the area, (2) the clear—cutting of portions of nearby red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations, and (3) natural variations in winter temperatures. The chickadee population exhibited a substantial short—term decline following titmouse establishment, produced by decreases in both survival rate and number of new recruits. Survival rate decline somewhat after the initiation of the pine clear—cutting, but population size was very similar before and after clear—cutting. Weighted least squares analyses provided no evidence of a relationship between survival rate and either of two winter temperature variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939172","usgsCitation":"Loery, G., and Nichols, J., 1985, Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1195-1203, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939172.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1203","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loery, G.","contributorId":46182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loery","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231702,"text":"70231702 - 1985 - Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T15:10:45.574202","indexId":"70231702","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T09:56:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"21st American Water Resources Association Conference and Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 11-16, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1985, Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources, in Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration), v. 6, Tucson, Arizona, United States, August 11-16, 1985, p. 51-64.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14248,"text":"ofr84819 - 1985 - Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T20:10:09.628205","indexId":"ofr84819","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-819","title":"Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","docAbstract":"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the availability, quantity and quality of groundwater from three principal aquifers in West-Central Iowa, the alluvial, buried channel, Basal Pleistocene and the Dakota aquifers. Specific objectives were to: (1) determine the location, extent and the nature of these aquifers; (2) evaluate the occurrence and movement of groundwater, including the sources of recharge and discharge; (3) estimate the quantities of water stored in the aquifers; (4) estimate the potential yields of wells tapping the aquifers; (5) estimate the water use; and (6) describe the chemical quality of the groundwater. This report is the compilation of the data collected during the investigation and has the purpose of providing a reference for an interpretive report describing groundwater resources and a bedrock topography map of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84819","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hunt, P.K., and Runkle, D.L., 1985, Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-819, iv, 168 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84819.","productDescription":"iv, 168 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.5,41.5 ], [ -96.5,42.5 ], [ -94,42.5 ], [ -94,41.5 ], [ -96.5,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d63d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Pamela K. B.","contributorId":89142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"K. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186162,"text":"70186162 - 1985 - Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:44:48","indexId":"70186162","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Thoreau's Bog is an ombrotrophic floating—mat Sphagnum bog developed in a glacial kettlehole and surrounded by a red maple swamp. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the porewater of the bog average 36 mg/L and are greatest near the surface, especially during late summer. This distribution suggest that the upper layer of living and dead Sphagnum and moderately humified peat is the major site of dissolved organic material production in the bog. The dissolved organic material consists mainly of aquatic fulvic acid (67%) and hydrophilic acids (20%); these organic acids control the pH (typically 4 or somewhat lower) of the bogwater. The elemental, amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents of fulvic acid from the bog are similar to those of aquatic fulvic acid from the nearby Shawsheen River, although the phenolic hydroxyl content of fulvic acid from Thoreau's Bog is higher. The hydrophilic acids have greater amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents than the fulvic acid, consistent with the hypothesis that hydrophilic acids are more labile intermediate compounds in the formation of fulvic acid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1939187","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Thurman, E.M., Wershaw, R.L., and Hemond, H., 1985, Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939187.","productDescription":"14 p. ","endPage":"1339","numberOfPages":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Concord ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.44537470235299\n ],\n [\n -71.31912231445312,\n 42.44537470235299\n ],\n [\n -71.31912231445312,\n 42.47475584135045\n ],\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.47475584135045\n ],\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.44537470235299\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemond, Herold","contributorId":190186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Herold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211187,"text":"70211187 - 1985 - Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:10:30.180814","indexId":"70211187","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-16T12:24:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","docAbstract":"The rate and depth of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in soils formed in Quaternary alluvium may be viewed as a theoretical problem that involves the mutual interaction of several independent and dependent soil-forming variables. We propose a model for carbonate accumulation in which the soil column is defined by a vertical sequence of 1-cm2-area compartments, each with a specified texture, bulk density, water-holding content, lithologic and mineralogic composition, soil-air pCO2, ionic strength, and temperature. On the basis of these data, rates of carbonate solubility and dissolution within a given compartment are determined. In arkosic to lithic arkosic sandy parent materials, high carbonate solubility (0.137 to 0.212 mg/ml) and the large reactive surface area of eolian calcareous dust result in rapid carbonate dissolution (0.79 to 9.92 × 10−10 g/cm2/sec) that promotes rapid translocation of carbonate by infiltrating water. We derive a group of equations and use them to calculate net carbonate depletion or accumulation in a soil compartment over an interval of time as a function of the independent variables temperature and precipitation. These two variables largely determine or strongly influence soil-water balance, the external carbonate influx rate, and carbonate solubility.
The carbonate distribution that our model predicts closely resembles the observed carbonate distribution in soils associated with Holocene deposits forming in arid, hyperthermic to xeric, thermic moisture-temperature regimes in southern California. This modeling indicates that with a mean carbonate influx rate of 1 × 10−4 g/cm2/yr and in a semiarid, thermic climate, the maximum depression of the top of the Cca horizon is attained within only a few thousand years. In contrast, given the same influx rate, our model predicts that a noncalcareous B horizon cannot form in an arid, hyperthermic climate, a conclusion supported by field and laboratory studies of calcic soils in this climate.
The influence of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes on carbonate accumulation can be modeled by calculating latest Pleistocene soil-water balance with the aid of published estimates of full-glacial temperature and precipitation. On the basis of these modeling results, we propose that either of two types of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes may account for the strongly bimodal, apparently polygenetic carbonate distribution that is observed in late Pleistocene soils of the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. Such results of compartment-strategy modeling are encouraging and indicate the great potential of combined theoretical and empirical methods for considering pedological problems of interest to Quaternary geologists.
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Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Geographic map of the Al Muwayh quadrangle, sheet 22E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Map: 78x57 cm.","productDescription":"Map: 78x57 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 40.5,\n 22\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 22\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 22 \n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb696e4b058f706e53c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahl, Mohammed","contributorId":148168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahl","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, John W","contributorId":148169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Fred J","contributorId":148170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","contributorId":147333,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","id":574246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":574247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210942,"text":"70210942 - 1985 - Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:30:43.203577","indexId":"70210942","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-07T11:37:53","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","docAbstract":"An analysis of diversity and abundance trends among all benthic foraminiferal genera and species, and particularly among species of Bolivina, was carried out for 59 samples of Neogene sediment from DSDP-IPOD Site 548, Goban Spur. By correlating these census data with lithological, geophysical, geochemical, and other faunal and floral measurements in the same stratigraphic interval, a record of irregularly fluctuating cycles was compiled. We interpret them as indicators of relative sea level. High sea levels are characterized by pelagic sedimentation and by high generic and total species diversities. During low sea level, diversity values were lower, and the accumulation of terrigenous detritus was more prevalent at the site. A sequence recording five highstands and five lowstands is interrupted by four unconformities in a scenario remarkably similar to that postulated in the work of P. R. Vail and his colleagues. Bolivina species diversity also varied cyclically. We interpret diversity of Bolivina species as a measure of relative oxygen and nutrient content at the water/sediment interface; high diversity indicates the presence of an oxygen-minimum layer, accompanied by nutrient enrichment. Our data show that this property generally varied directly with sea level, but sometimes varied independently.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., and Low, D., 1985, Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 1, p. 489-503, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Irish Continental","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Doris","contributorId":108102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Doris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222019,"text":"5222019 - 1985 - Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T15:09:35.018943","indexId":"5222019","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3611,"text":"Toxicology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","docAbstract":"The effects on reproduction in screech owls (Otus asio) of chronic dietary sodium fluoride administration at 0, 40, and 200 ppm were examined. Fluoride at 40 ppm resulted in a significantly smaller egg volume, while 200 ppm also resulted in lower egg weights and lengths. Day-one hatchlings in the 200 ppm group weighed almost 10% less than controls and had shorter crown-rump lengths. No gross abnormalities were apparent. Skeletal clearing and staining revealed significantly shorter tibiotarsus lengths in the 40 ppm and 200 ppm groups and a shorter radius-ulna length in the 200 ppm group. By 7 days of age, body weights and lengths did not differ from controls, but the tibiotarsus in the 200 ppm group remained shorter. No significant differences were detected in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Plasma phosphorus levels were higher in the 40 ppm group than in controls.
These results, in combination with the findings of Pattee et al. [25], revealed significant impairment of overall reproduction, suggesting that sodium fluoride could cause slight to moderate reproduction disorders in owls in fluoride-polluted areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Pattee, O.H., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1985, Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings: Toxicology Letters, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6144e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}