Geophysical and sedimentological data collected on the central Virgin Islands insular shelf provide a unique opportunity to investigate carbonate shelf processes in an active tectonic environment. Although complicated by fluctuating sea level during the Quaternary, the sedimentological regimes have been controlled by the tectonic fragmentation of the region. South of St. John, a northeast-southwest intrusive ridge controlled the development of the shallow geology. Profiles across this region, seaward of the ridge, indicate the existence of a buried wave-cut platform. Resting on this eroded surface, at the shelf break, is a reef having a topographic relief of 55 m. This reef, which formed a protective barrier preserving a sequence of lagoonal deposits, has been radiometrically determined to have died ∼7000 yrs B.P., coinciding with the death of similar reefs in Florida and on the Island of St. Croix.
South of St. Thomas, the strata are horizontal and are bisected by east-west midshelf faults. Truncation of the shelf edge strata, northern drainage, and unconformities on the northern shelf indicate that this block was tilted to the north during the late Pleistocene. This limited reef development to a narrow zone on the southern shelf edge.
Geochemical, biological and sedimentological data indicate that the early to mid-Holocene was a time of vigorous shelf sedimentation. This accumulation peaked and abruptly stopped ∼1200 yrs B.P., due to continued subsidence. Since this time, most sediment accumulation has been limited to the immediate area around the islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90159-8","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., and Kindinger, J.L., 1985, Late Pleistocene—Holocene geology of the central Virgin Island Platform: Marine Geology, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 41-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90159-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.1435484765767,\n 18.469680195550808\n ],\n [\n -65.1435484765767,\n 18.27154943712459\n ],\n [\n -64.53838815273235,\n 18.27154943712459\n ],\n [\n -64.53838815273235,\n 18.469680195550808\n ],\n [\n -65.1435484765767,\n 18.469680195550808\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a451be4b0c8380cd6703d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208670,"text":"70208670 - 1985 - Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T12:48:32","indexId":"70208670","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-24T12:33:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","docAbstract":"Low-latitude coccolith zonation can be used for biostratigraphy at Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites DSDP 558 (lat. 38°N) and DSDP 563 (lat. 34°N). The low-latitude zonal sequence from lower Oligocene to Holocene is interrupted by coolwater assemblages in upper middle Miocene and by hiatuses that removed the lower Pliocene and part of the upper Pliocene. A gap in the range of zonal guide fossil Discoaster druggii in the lower Miocene, also identified in other ocean basins, occurs at both DSDP 558 and 563. Coccoliths are abundant and moderately overgrown at both sites. Pentaliths occur in the Oligocene at DSDP 563 but are missing at DSDP 558, probably the result of diagenesis. New taxa of coccoliths identified include Cyclolithellai neoaprica Bukry, n. sp., and Sphenolithus calyculus Bukry, n. sp.
Silicoflagellates are limited to the upper Quaternary at DSDP 558 with warm-water assemblages of the Dictyocha aculeata Zone and possibly the upper Mesocena quadrangula Zone, as indicated by the presence of Dictyocha lingii. A new silicoflagellate species, Distephanus floridus Bukry, n. sp., is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1985, Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 82, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208669,"text":"70208669 - 1985 - Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T06:56:24","indexId":"70208669","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-24T12:20:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic","docAbstract":"Quantitative study of late Cenozoic silicoflagellates at tropical Pacific DSDP Sites 572 and 575 shows that the greatest amplitude of fluctuation in relative paleotemperature values occurred in the late Miocene. The coolest minimum paleotemperature values (near 75 = 30) also occurred in the late Miocene. The warmest intervals (Ts = 80 to 100) occurred in the middle Miocene and late Pliocene to Quaternary. In detail, the silicoflagellate relative paleotemperature curve correlates fairly well with the eustatic sea-level curve and deep-sea hiatus sequence. The only upper Cenozoic low-latitude biostratigraphic units not identified are the Distephanus speculum haliomma Subzone and Naviculopsis quadrata Zone, owing to the absence of the nominative species, which probably had nontropical ecologic preference. Several Naviculopsis occurrence events within the Naviculopsis ponticula Zone correlate between DSDP Hole 575A and DSDP Hole 495 off Guatemala. Many local and regional biostratigraphic events are recognized.
New taxa identified from DSDP Leg 85 include Dictyocha nola Bukry, n. sp., Distephanus stradneri var. grandis Bukry, n. var., Mesocena elliptica var. rhomboidea Bukry, n. van, and Naviculopsis obtusarca var. acicula Bukry, n. var.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1985, Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 85, p. 477-497, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":" Locations of silicoflagellate-rich DSDP sites in the eastern Pacific","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -143.08593749999997,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -146.6015625,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n -7.710991655433217\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 4.915832801313164\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208363,"text":"70208363 - 1985 - Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T12:35:47","indexId":"70208363","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-05T12:29:23","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"The inner continental margin of northern California is underlain by a well-defined and extensive acoustic reflector that crosses other reflectors and mimics the surface of the sea floor. This bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) lies at a typical subsurface depth of about 250 m and has been mapped continuously beneath the Klamath Plateau and upper slope (water depths of 800 to 1200 m) for a distance of more than 130 km; it covers an area of at least 3000 km2. Limited data show that the BSR extends northward into Oregon and seaward at least to the base of the slope (3000 m).
The water depths, subsurface depths, and pervasive nature of the BSR all suggest that it represents the base of a natural-gas hydrate. Using standard phase boundary diagrams for hydrate stability, we estimate the local geothermal gradient within the gas hydrate to be about 55 °C/km. This value is higher than that of most subduction margins and may be a result of the youthfulness of the subducting oceanic crust. This acoustically inferred gas hydrate is the first to be mapped on the western conterminous United States continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1985, Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin: Geology, v. 13, no. 7, p. 517-520, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.4583740234375,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -125.4583740234375,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -125.4583740234375,\n 40.371658891506094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":115,"text":"115 - 1985 - Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:26:39","indexId":"115","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T13:24:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/115","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Branch of Alaskan Geology, Committee on Safety.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska (2d ed.), 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/115.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"2d ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5ae4b0beb42bdca44b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120911,"text":"70120911 - 1985 - Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:08:31","indexId":"70120911","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T13:06:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NCET Open File Report 85-2","title":"Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop","docAbstract":"This report records the results of a workshop held September 25-27, 1983, in Tampa, Florida. The organization of the report closely follows the organization of the workshop itself. The workshop began with a definition of objectives and several presentations providing general background. The context and objectives of the workshop are covered in the INTRODUCTION. A summary of the results of two group discussions is presented in the WORKSHOP RESULTS section. One group identified ways to conduct or locate port development activities in Tampa Bay so as to lessen their adverse impacts; the other group identified ways to compensate for unavoidable impacts by creating or improving important fish and wildlife habitats. Finally, the DISCUSSION section contains the authors' synthesis of more general comments made throughout the workshop, especially during the closing session.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Coastal Ecosystems Team","publisherLocation":"Slidell, LA","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Andrews, A.K., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.755578,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.520902 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe5e4b033341871891d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121028,"text":"70121028 - 1985 - Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T10:26:37","indexId":"70121028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T09:53:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W05","title":"Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","docAbstract":"In the early 1960's, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began purchasing 140,000 acres on Merritt Island, Florida, in order to develop a center for space exploration. Most of this land was acquired to provide a safety and security buffer around NASA facilities. NASA, as the managing agency for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), is responsible for preventing or controlling environmental pollution from the Federal facilities and activities at the Space Center and is committed to use all practicable means to protect and enhance the quality of the surrounding environment. The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1963 when management authority for undeveloped lands at KSC was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
\nIn addition to manage for 11 Federally-listed threatened and endangered species and other resident and migratory fish and wildlife populations, the Refuge has comanagement responsibility for 19,000 acres of mosquito control impoundments and 2,500 acres of citrus groves. The Canaveral National Seashore was developed in 1975 when management of a portion of the coastal lands was transferred from NASA to the National Park Service. This multiagency jurisdiction on Merritt Island has resulted in a complex management environment.
\nThe modeling workshop described in this report was conducted May 21-25, 1984, at the Kennedy Space Center to: (1) enhance communication among the agencies with management responsibilities on Merritt Island; (2) integrate available information concerning the development, management, and ecology of Merritt Island; and (3) identify key research and monitoring needs associated with the management and use of the island's resources. The workshop was structured around the formulation of a model that would simulate primary management and use activities on Merritt Island and their effects on upland, impoundment, and estuarine vegetation and associated wildlife.
\nThe simulation model is composed of four connected submodels. The Uplands submodel calculates changes in acres and structural components of vegetation communities resulting from succession, fire, facilities development, and shuttle launch depositions, as well as the quantity and quality of surface runoff and aquifer input to an impoundment and an estuary. The Impoundment submodel next determines water quality and quantity and changes in vegetation resulting from water level manipulation and prescribed burning. The Estuary submodel than determines water quality parameters and acres of seagrass beds. Finally, the Wildlife submodel calculates habitat suitability indices for key species of interest, based on vegetation conditions in the uplands and impoundments and on several hydrologic parameters. The model represents a hypothetical management unit with 2,500 acres of uplands, a 600-acre impoundment, and a 1,500-acre section of estuary. Two management scenarios were run to analyze model behavior. The scenarios differ in the frequency of shuttle launches and prescribed burning, the extent of facilities development, the amount of land disposed waste material applied, and the nature and timing of impoundment water level control.
\nEarly in a model development project, the process of building the model is usually of greater benefit than the model itself. The model building process stimulates interaction among agencies, assists in integrating existing information, and helps identify research needs. These benefits usually accrue even in the absence of real predictive power in the resulting model. Open communication occurs among the Federal, State, and local agencies involved with activities on Merritt Island and the agencies have a cooperative working relationship. The workshop provided an opportunity for all of these agencies to meet at one time and have focused discussions on the key environmental and multiagency resource management issues. The workshop framework helped to integrate information and assumptions from a number of disciplines and agencies. This integration occurred in the computer simulation model and among workshop participants as submodel linkages were developed and scenario results discussed.
\nA number of research needs were identified at the workshop during the model building and testing exercises and associated discussions. These needs were based on the informed judgement of researchers and managers familiar with Merritt Island or similar areas, rather than on a comprehensive literature review of sensitivity analysis of the preliminary model developed at the workshop. Some of the needs can be addressed by interpreting the results of completed studies from similar geographic areas as they relate to Merritt Island, while other will require additional research studies on Merritt Island. Major research needs associated with the Upland submodel include behavior of the near-surface aquifer, factors limiting slash pine regeneration, frequency and effects of natural fire on various cover types, cumulative effects of shuttle launches, and fate in upland soils of nitrogen and phosphorous from land applied waste material. Key Impoundment submodel needs include documentation of vegetation changes in response to altered water depth, salinity, and nutrient concentrations and better specification of the functional characteristics of impoundments as chemical filters. Important information gaps identified in the Estuary submodel include a more complete analysis of factors contributing to phytoplankton abundance, evaluation of sources of turbidity other than phytoplankton, and identification and quantification of factors limiting seagrass distribution. Primary research needs associated with the Wildlife submodel include a survey of breeding habitat, production data, and harvest data for mottled ducks; data on the emigration and immigration of juvenile mullet (and other transient fish) in the impoundment; the contribution of various seagrasses to habitat requirements of sea trout; and the effects of dissolved oxygen on survival of juvenile sea trout.
\nIdeally, the modeling workshop process is iterative in nature. Periods between workshops are used for research, data collection, and model refinement. Each workshop integrates information collected since the last workshop and produces a more credible model that is more useful in evaluating management alternatives. Participants felt that continued application of this process would help provide ongoing integration and communication among agencies and would allow each agency's planning and management activities to be viewed within the context of an overall assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop, 130 p.","productDescription":"130 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cae4b073ff773a7cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70121024,"text":"70121024 - 1985 - Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T09:43:41","indexId":"70121024","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T09:33:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young","docAbstract":"(1) The life table model is frequently employed in the analysis of ringer samples of young in bird populations. The basic model is biologically unrealistic and of little use in making inferences concerning age-specific survival probabilities.
\n(2) This model rests on a number of restrictive assumptions, the failure of which causes serious biases. Several important assumptions are not met with real data and the estimators of age-specific survival are not robust enough to these failures.
\n(3) Five major problems in the use of the life table method are reviewed. Examples are provided to illustrate several of the problems involved in using this method in making inferences about survival rates and its age-specific nature.
\n(4) We conclude that this is an invalid procedure and it should not be used. Furthermore, ringing studies involving only young birds are pointless as regards survival estimation because no valid method exists for estimating age-specific or time-specific survival rates from such data.
\n(5) In our view, inferences about age-specific survival rates are possible only if both young and adult (or young, subadult and adult) age classes are ringed each year for k years (k ≥ 2).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Cambridge","doi":"10.2307/4622","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Burnham, K.P., and White, G.C., 1985, Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/4622.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292506,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4622"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cee4b073ff773a7d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221513,"text":"70221513 - 1985 - Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T12:22:11.482918","indexId":"70221513","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T07:14:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group","docAbstract":"New palynological data from syntectonic deposits in southwestern Montana have major temporal implications for Laramide structural relations in the northern Rocky Mountains. Conglomerate and associated sandstones representing the bulk of material eroded from the thrust-faulted margin of the Blacktail-Snowcrest foreland massif are middle Campanian (Aquilapollenites senonicus Interval Zone; estimated absolute age 78–81 Ma). As a major consequence, the foreland buttress responsible for the shape of the southwestern Montana recess of the Cordilleran thrust belt was uplifted and in place by middle Campanian time. Palynomorph assemblages from the Campanian deposits include reworked spores of Paleozoic age that are evidence of provenance. Other less precisely dated syntectonic units in the area differ in age and provenance as well as lithology.
Formerly, all these deposits were assigned to the Beaverhead Formation, which is raised to group status herein. The stratigraphic unit shed from the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift is raised to formation status as the Lima Conglomerate. The term “Beaverhead Group” is restricted to the Lima Conglomerate and to contemporaneous and younger conglomeratic units that differ in lithology and probably in provenance; older sandstone units are removed from the Beaverhead Group. Deposits at the original type section of the Beaverhead Formation are not precisely dated but are no older than Campanian and probably no younger than early Maestrichtian.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<149:ROTPAA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., Perry, W.J., and Johns, J., 1985, Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group: Geology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<149:ROTPAA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -110.25878906249999,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -110.25878906249999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johns, J.C.H.","contributorId":260418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"J.C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013028,"text":"70013028 - 1985 - Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:44:05.185371","indexId":"70013028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusions in uranium series-dated calcitic veins from the southern Great Basin record a reduction of 40 per mil in the deuterium content of groundwater recharge during the Pleistocene. This variation is tentatively attributed to major uplift of the Sierra Nevada Range and the Transverse Ranges during this epoch with attendant increasing orographic depletion of deuterium from inlandbound Pacific storms.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4686.519","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Szabo, B.J., Coplen, T.B., Riggs, A., and Kolesar, P.T., 1985, Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters: Science, v. 227, no. 4686, p. 519-522, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4686.519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.93755792133905,\n 40.595257857740194\n ],\n [\n -120.51890076156303,\n 38.18376621301443\n ],\n [\n -118.50460099886665,\n 35.816286413567255\n ],\n [\n -116.56848608668619,\n 35.95447927961281\n ],\n [\n -119.99983831314074,\n 38.97424746122112\n ],\n [\n -120.28681722976856,\n 40.56646032462626\n ],\n [\n -121.93755792133905,\n 40.595257857740194\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4686","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb99fe4b08c986b327cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolesar, Peter T.","contributorId":32296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolesar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012911,"text":"70012911 - 1985 - Variability in measured bedload-transport rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T17:01:28.343429","indexId":"70012911","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in measured bedload-transport rates","docAbstract":"Variability in bedload-transport rates during constant water discharge is an inherent part of the bedload-transport process. Although this variability has been measured extensively in the laboratory, similar information generally is not available from field measurements. During a four-day period of nearly constant water discharge, four sets of consecutively collected bedload samples, ranging from 43 to 120 samples, were obtained at the same cross channel location using a standard 65-pound Helley-Smith bedload sampler. When the measured transport rates are converted to dimensionless rates and plotted as cumulative frequency distributions, they show good agreement with a theoretical probability distribution function of rates derived for the case of ripples on dunes. The distributions show that during constant water discharge individual measured rates at a fixed point vary from near zero to four times the mean rate, and 60 percent of the sampled rates will be less than the mean. Because of the large variation in transport rates that occurs at every location in the cross section, many observations are required to establish an accurate estimate of the mean rate at any given location.
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\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e4e4b08c986b32a39a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, William P.","contributorId":69556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209048,"text":"70209048 - 1985 - Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T10:38:15","indexId":"70209048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-31T10:32:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice","docAbstract":"Five individual bioassay repellency or toxicity variables were estimated or determined for deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and house mice (Mus musculus) under laboratory conditions. ALD's (Approximate Lethal Doses) or LD50's of 230 chemicals to deer mice are presented, as are food reduction (FR) values (3-day feeding test as a 2.0% treatment rate) for white wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) for 696 chemicals and Douglas fir seeds (Pseudotsuga menziesii) for 81 chemicals. A similar repellency evaluation (REP) using a 5-day test with white wheat seeds at a 2.0% treatment rate was conducted with house mice and the results for 347 chemicals are presented. These toxicity and repellency data should be useful to those desiring to predict the potential for acute toxicity in wild mammals following exposure to a wide variety of chemicals.
A calculation of the daily chemical dose ingested in mg/kg/day during the wheat test on deer mice and its resultant effects on mortality are also presented for most of the 696 chemicals. This calculated value, when used along with the ALD or LD50, should permit a rough estimate of the potential subacute toxicity of any tested chemical on wild mammals for which both types of data are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055769","usgsCitation":"Schafer, E.W., and Bowles, W.A., 1985, Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055769.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schafer, E. W. Jr.","contributorId":16024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schafer","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowles, W. A. Jr.","contributorId":223230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012262,"text":"70012262 - 1985 - Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:51:38.37726","indexId":"70012262","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Multiple generations of earthquake-induced sand blows in Quaternary sediments and soils near Charleston, South Carolina, are evidence of recurrent moderate to large earthquakes in that area. The large 1886 earthquake, the only historic earthquake known to have produced sand blows at Charleston, probably caused the youngest observed blows. Older (late Quaternary) sand blows in the Charleston area indicate at least two prehistoric earthquakes with shaking severities comparable to the 1886 event.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4685.408","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S.F., Gohn, G., Weems, R.E., Gelinas, R.L., and Rubin, M., 1985, Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina: Science, v. 227, no. 4685, p. 408-411, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4685.408.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"411","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.23766840980811,\n 33.05374758564791\n ],\n [\n -80.23766840980811,\n 32.64023784340705\n ],\n [\n -79.68626154183539,\n 32.64023784340705\n ],\n [\n -79.68626154183539,\n 33.05374758564791\n ],\n [\n -80.23766840980811,\n 33.05374758564791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4685","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a195be4b0c8380cd55970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, Stephen F.","contributorId":102482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelinas, R. L.","contributorId":95059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelinas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207907,"text":"70207907 - 1985 - Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T18:14:22.925782","indexId":"70207907","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-17T14:03:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1783,"text":"Geological Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland","docAbstract":"Glassy basalt tuff was the primary material cored in 1979 from a 181 m deep drill hole on the east tuff ring of Surtsey volcano. Despite the fact that the hole extends 122 m below sea level all the core is similar to the exposed tephra composing the two tuff rings of the island. The tuff includes abundant accretionary lapilli and tuff vesicles, indicating that it was all deposited subaerially. During the growth of the tuff rings, repeated hydromagmatic explosion cycles began with a series of intermittent tephra-finger explosions leading up to continuous uprush explosions which lasted for several minutes to several hours. This nozzle-like continuous activity produced eruption columns 100–250 m in diameter and 500–2000 m in height which probably quarried several hundred metres below the ground surface. The continuous-uprush explosion type provides a reasonable mechanism to excavate a diatreme from the top down. During construction of the tuff rings, concentric faults repeatedly downdropped a funnel-like structure (400–800 m in diameter) several hundred metres, thus accounting for the presence of subaerially deposited tephra in the drill core far beneath sea level. Ring dykes later intruded upward along these faults and fed small lava flows. Heat in the surface tephra probably originated primarily from these shallow intrusions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0016756800032052","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 1985, Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland: Geological Magazine, v. 122, no. 6, p. 649-661, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800032052.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 63.03503931552975\n ],\n [\n -12.480468749999998,\n 63.03503931552975\n ],\n [\n -12.480468749999998,\n 66.86108230224609\n ],\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 66.86108230224609\n ],\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 63.03503931552975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207795,"text":"70207795 - 1985 - Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T13:06:18.953422","indexId":"70207795","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-13T09:58:48","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments","docAbstract":"Most deep-sea sediments contain one or more biogenic components and one dominant nonbiogenic component, usually clay or silty clay. The authors present a descriptive classification scheme in which deep-sea, fine-grained sediments are placed within a three-components system of calcareous-biogenic, siliceous-biogenic, and nonbiogenic components. In a three-procedure the user assesses whether the dominant component is biogenic or nonbiogenic, whether the dominant biogenic component is siliceous or calcareous, and what the relative abundances of the biogenic components are within limits of 10, 25, and 50%. The terminology proposed is that commonly used by many sedimentologists, with some refinements and greater precision in the use of terms.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F868E-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Leinen, M., and Stow, D., 1985, Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F868E-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leinen, Margaret","contributorId":221649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leinen","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.","contributorId":44336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207789,"text":"70207789 - 1985 - Cyclic variations in calcium carbonate and organic carbon in Miocene to Holocene sediments, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-23T14:42:45.714034","indexId":"70207789","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-10T12:30:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cyclic variations in calcium carbonate and organic carbon in Miocene to Holocene sediments, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"The entire upper Miocene to Holocene sedimentary sequence recovered in a hydraulic piston core at DSDP Site 532 on Walvis Ridge shows distinct cycles in amount of CaCO sub(3) that correlate with dark and light cycles of sediment color. The average periodicities of the carbonate cycles for the Quaternary, upper Pliocene, and lower Pliocene are about 35, 46, and 28 ky, respectively, with an overall average of about 36 ky for the last 5 my. Most minima in carbonate abundance correspond to dark parts of the color cycles, and most maxmia in carbonate abundance correspond to dark parts of color cycles, The darker parts of the color cycle usually contain higher concentrations of organic carbon, but organic carbon does not follow the color cycles in detail. Organic carbon cycles were analyzed only for the last 2.5 my, and for this interval they have an average periodicity of about 34 ky.
The carbonate and color cycles persist through more than 5my during which major changes in relative proportions of siliceous-biogenic, calcareous- biogenic and terrigenous- clastic components occurent in response to climate change and to the waxing and waning of the Benguela Current upwelling systems off southwest Africa. The cyclic nature of these sediments probably is the result of dilution by terrigrnous clastic material and not dissolution of carbonate. We believe that the forcing mechanisms that produced the cycliclity was external to the area of site 532. Because of the similarity among the periodicities of the Walvis Ridge cycles and those of carbonate cycles in the northeastern Atlantic, Caribbean and eastern equatorial Pacific, these cycles probably are responses to global events. We conclude that fluctuations om global sea level with an average period of about 36 ky during the last 5 my caused variations in influx of terrigenous clastic materials from the Africans continental margin
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"South Atlantic Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","isbn":"9780521266093","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Gardner, J.V., 1985, Cyclic variations in calcium carbonate and organic carbon in Miocene to Holocene sediments, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean, chap. of South Atlantic Paleoceanography, p. 61-78.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 11.513671874999998,\n -28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n 18.1494140625,\n -28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n 18.1494140625,\n -20.735565905218625\n ],\n [\n 11.513671874999998,\n -20.735565905218625\n ],\n [\n 11.513671874999998,\n -28.65203063036226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J. V.","contributorId":114111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207753,"text":"70207753 - 1985 - Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake at Mount St. Helens, Washington—Implications for varve formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T13:00:16.339267","indexId":"70207753","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-09T12:46:15","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake at Mount St. Helens, Washington—Implications for varve formation","docAbstract":"Sediment collected in traps in a newly formed lake in the blast-impact area at Mount St. Helens recorded a sediment yield that is about two orders of magnitude greater than for comparable basins with vegetation and similar precipitation. Most sediment was mobilized by storms and runoff at the onset of the wet season. The sedimentation response to strongly seasonal precipitation, in the absence of vegetation, produced turbidites and graded annual couplets. The style of sedimentation suggests an alternate mechanism for the formation of long sequences of graded clastic varves.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<348:SIABLA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Nuhfer, E., and Dean, W.E., 1985, Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake at Mount St. Helens, Washington—Implications for varve formation: Geology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 348-352, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<348:SIABLA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 46.21310053621607\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 46.21310053621607\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 46.3507193554773\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 46.3507193554773\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 46.21310053621607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R.Y.","contributorId":22789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuhfer, E.B.","contributorId":89281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuhfer","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207702,"text":"70207702 - 1985 - Marine geological and geophysical investigations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T14:56:05.622096","indexId":"70207702","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-08T10:27:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":812,"text":"Antarctic Journal of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine geological and geophysical investigations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs","issn":"0003-5335","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., and Davey, F., 1985, Marine geological and geophysical investigations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 19, no. 5, p. 80-82.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea, Antarctica","volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davey, F.J.","contributorId":99152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013136,"text":"70013136 - 1985 - Speciation and stasis in marine Ostracoda: Climatic modulation of evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:55:43.876111","indexId":"70013136","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and stasis in marine Ostracoda: Climatic modulation of evolution","docAbstract":"Morphologic and paleozoogeographic analysis of Cenozoic marine Ostracoda from the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific indicates that climatic change modulates evolution by disrupting long-term stasis and catalyzing speciation during sustained, unidirectional climatic transitions and, conversely, by maintaining morphologic stasis during rapid, high-frequency climatic oscillations. In the middle Pliocene, 4 to 3 million years ago, at least six new species of Puriana suddenly appeared as the Isthmus of Panama closed, changing oceanographic circulation and global climate. Since then morphologic stasis has characterized ancestral and descendant species during many glacial-interglacial cycles. The frequency and duration of climatic events have more impact on ostracode evolution than the magnitude of climatic changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4682.60","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 1985, Speciation and stasis in marine Ostracoda: Climatic modulation of evolution: Science, v. 227, no. 4682, p. 60-63, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4682.60.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"4682","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94e9e4b08c986b31acb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0001-9522-3992 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-3992","contributorId":304640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168848,"text":"70168848 - 1985 - Water resources of north-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T20:23:27.606703","indexId":"70168848","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5106,"text":"Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Water resources of north-central Iowa","docAbstract":"One of man's fundamental needs is water. Modern man needs both a safe and dependable supply of water to maintain his present economic, industrial, and cultural level. In order to use this natural resource in the most efficient and beneficial manner, a basic knowledge and understanding of water sources, and of the occurrence and potential of each source, needs to be gained. To provide this information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, has compiled this atlas. It describes the water resources available for development in an 11-county area in north-central Iowa. The report contains information on the quantity, quality, and use of water from all known sources of water. This information is presented to aid water users and developers who are searching for and evaluating sources of water for specific sites. It also will be an aid to water planners and managers who must develop the available water resources on a regional basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R., Gaillot, G., and Soenksen, P.J., 1985, Water resources of north-central Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas 7, xi, 93 p.","productDescription":"xi, 93 p.","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168848/IGS_Water_Atlas_Number_7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.5536,42.9059],[-92.5549,42.8172],[-92.5548,42.7299],[-92.5554,42.6409],[-92.5553,42.555],[-92.6755,42.5558],[-92.7925,42.556],[-92.9101,42.5557],[-93.0284,42.5562],[-93.1473,42.5561],[-93.2637,42.5564],[-93.3819,42.557],[-93.5002,42.557],[-93.6191,42.5565],[-93.7367,42.5568],[-93.8563,42.557],[-93.972,42.5566],[-93.9714,42.6434],[-94.0942,42.6438],[-94.2101,42.6437],[-94.3279,42.6435],[-94.4457,42.644],[-94.4456,42.7304],[-94.4456,42.8181],[-94.4456,42.9068],[-94.4449,42.9932],[-94.4448,43.0823],[-94.4441,43.1688],[-94.4434,43.2557],[-94.4428,43.3448],[-94.4421,43.4336],[-94.4412,43.5035],[-94.2487,43.504],[-94.0783,43.5043],[-93.9691,43.5044],[-93.6782,43.5047],[-93.6485,43.5045],[-93.4964,43.504],[-93.2844,43.5032],[-93.0502,43.5034],[-93.0238,43.5035],[-92.8805,43.5033],[-92.553,43.5027],[-92.554,43.4304],[-92.5545,43.343],[-92.5545,43.2561],[-92.5544,43.2129],[-92.5538,43.1688],[-92.5543,43.0828],[-92.5543,42.9928],[-92.5536,42.9059]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Butler\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabff9e4b015c306f84d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert","contributorId":82742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaillot, Gary","contributorId":167361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillot","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soenksen, P. 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Growth usually began between April and June, peaked between July and October, and decreased by late November. Maximum biomass at six of the seven sites (118–427 g dry weight m−2) was similar or greater than that reported in other rivers at similar latitudes. Seasonal growth of the abundant taxa followed one of three seasonal patterns at each study site: one dominant taxon grew alone; codominant taxa grew sympatrically without species succession; and codominant taxa grew sympatrically with species succession. Differences in growth and seasonal succession of some taxa were apparently caused by the presence or absence of overwintering plant material, competition, and life-cycle differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/b85-145","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Edsall, T.A., and Manny, B.A., 1985, Growth of submersed macrophyte communities in the St. Clair - Detroit River system between Lake Huron and Lake Erie: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 63, no. 6, p. 1061-1065, https://doi.org/10.1139/b85-145.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1065","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50de6ceee4b0e31bb02a37e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006914,"text":"70006914 - 1985 - Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus )","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-15T17:16:41","indexId":"70006914","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:51:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus )","docAbstract":"Yearling bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of [14C]rotenone (5.2 μg/l) for 30 days in a continuous flow exposure system and then transferred to clean, flowing water for an additional 21-day depuration period. Rates of uptake and elimination and profile of the rotenoid metabolites in head, viscera, and carcass components were evaluated by 14C counting and by high performance liquid chromatography. Total [14C]rotenone derived activity was relatively uniform in all body components within 3 days after initial exposure and remained constant during the ensuing 27 days of exposure. Initial uptake rate coefficients were highest in viscera (Ku = 80· h -1) and were nearly identical for head (Ku = 14 · h) and carcass (Ku = 10 · h-1). Analyses of tissue extracts by high performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of at least six biotransformation products of rotenone. More than 60% of the activity extracted from viscera was present as a single peak which represented a compound that was extremely soluble in water. Rotenone composed only 0.3% of the extractable activity in viscera taken from fish exposed to rotenone for 30 days; however, rotenone accounted for 15.4% of extractable activity in the head and 20.1% in the carcass components. Rotenolone and 6',7'-dihydro-6'-,7'--dihydroxyrotenolone were tentatively identified as oxidation products in all tissue extracts. Elimination of 14C activity from all body components was biphasic; both phases followed first-order kinetics. The rate of elimination was nearly equal for all body components during the initial phase but was most rapid from viscera during the second phase of elimination. Bioconcentration factors for the head, viscera, and carcass were 165, 3,550, and 125, respectively, when calculated on the basis of total 14C activity but only 25.4, 11, and 26 when calculated as the concentration of parent material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, W., and Rach, J., 1985, Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus ): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 179-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e55f63e4b0a4aa5bb03eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095009,"text":"70095009 - 1985 - Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:33:18","indexId":"70095009","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone","docAbstract":"By proclamation of the President on March 10, \n1983, the United States claimed sovereign rights and \njurisdiction within an Exclusive Economic Zone \n(EEZ). The United States is responsible for wisely \ndeveloping and managing the EEZ and its marine \nresources and for protecting its environment. \n\nThe U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone is a region that\nextends seaward 200 nautical miles from the coast\nand brings within the national domain over 3 million\nsquare nautical miles of submarine lands. The EEZ\ncontains vital natural resources, both living and nonliving,\nof the seabed, subsoil, and overlying water.\nBecause most of the EEZ has not been explored, its\nresources and their potential remain undefined","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70095009","usgsCitation":"McGregor, B.A., and Lockwood, M., 1985, Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70095009.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"42","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70095009.jpg"},{"id":284831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70095009/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594b0e4b0120853e8c06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Bonnie A.","contributorId":61022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, Millington","contributorId":91843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Millington","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}