Increased foraging of an exceptionally abundant, but ephemeral, food source by ants can result from foraging excitement that does not include pheromone trails, tandem running, or from recruitment of other workers along pheromone trails (Carrol and Janzen, 1973). They also provided rationale for two types of short-lived pheromone trails resulting in mass or group recruitment. These both seem to fall into the Type II foraging strategy described by Oster and Wilson (1978). Neither of these discussions conveniently allow for pheromone recruitment by relatively small colonies of a primitive monomorphic species such as Paraponera clavata. Our observations suggest that recruitment to an abundant ephemeral food source does occur naturally and can be induced artificially in colonies of P. clavata.
Paraponera clavata is considered primitive (Wilson, 1958), particularly in foraging habits (Young and Hermann, 1980; Young, 1977). Hermann (1973, 1975) reported the P. clavata, unlike more advanced species, forages independently; following shot periods of apparent group activity outside of the colony (Young and Hermann, 1980). It reportedly does not return to a food source when only part has been harvested. After returning to its colony with booty, a single worker resumes foraging independently, with no observable tendency to return to partially harvested booty or without recruiting additional workers to collect the remaining food (Hermann, 1973; Young and Hermann, 1980). Reports of independent foraging, lack of forager recruitment, and apparent lack of food source fidelity resulted in the assumption that P. clavata probably lacks an effective pheromone trail communication system (Young and Hermann, 1980).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Coast Entomologial Society","issn":"0031-0603","usgsCitation":"Barrett, B.A., Jorgenson, C.D., and Looman, S.J., 1985, Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Pan-Pacific Entomologist, v. 61, no. 4, p. 334-338.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Bruce A.","contributorId":120563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, Clive D.","contributorId":147231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Clive","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Looman, Sandra J. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":179095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looman","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170523,"text":"70170523 - 1985 - Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Cascades Volcano Observatory at Vancouver, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-24T11:56:15","indexId":"70170523","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Cascades Volcano Observatory at Vancouver, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., Power, J., and Topinka, L., 1985, Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Cascades Volcano Observatory at Vancouver, Washington: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 1, p. 20-32.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571dee2ce4b071321fe5641b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.","contributorId":28451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topinka, L.","contributorId":168862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topinka","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29912,"text":"wri854087 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:17:59.193897","indexId":"wri854087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4087","title":"Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer and associated hydrogeologic units was developed to evaluate the movement of coal-tar derivatives from a coal-tar distillation and wood-preserving plant in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. A finite-difference grid was superimposed on the modeled area, which includes most of eastern Hennepin County. The individual cells are 400-foot squares in the center of the grid (St. Louis Park area); the cells increase in dimension toward the outside limits of the grid. Five geologic units are represented by four layers in the model. These units include the Jordan Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (dolomite and sandy dolomite), the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone (silty and sandy shale), the St. Peter Sandstone, and glacial deposits in bedrock valleys.
The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions for a period before significant ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970 fs). A transient calibration was accomplished by simulation of a period during which seasonal changes in potentiometric head in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were significant (1977-80). Sensitivity testing indicated that leakage to the upper model layer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone were the model hydrologic properties which, when changed, resulted in the greatest changes in model-calculated water levels. The calibrated model generally calculates water levels that are within 10 feet of measured values.
Model simulations indicate that the potentiometric surface of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer would be raised by as much as 3 feet in the area of the plant site by water introduced into the aquifer through wells open to more than one aquifer system. The cones of impression created at these wells could have a significant impact on the transport of contaminants in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan.
The presence of coal-tar derivatives in the aquifer has been difficult to explain in wells located upgradient from the plant site to the north, west, and southwest. Simulations suggest that, during periods of heavy withdrawal from certain of these wells (SLP10, SLP15, and SLP5), local hydraulic gradients may have been altered, resulting in the potential for the movement of contaminants from the area of the plant site to the wells. Cones of impression at multiaquifer wells near the plant site contributed to the alteration of local gradients.
Simulation of a proposed gradient-control plan, in which lateral homogeneity and isotropy of individual hydro geologic units was assumed, indicates that the actions would be effective in limiting expansion of the contaminated volume in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. The plan includes the control of withdrawal from five wells. The simulations also show, however, that modelcalculated potentiometric surfaces are sensitive to changes in withdrawal rates at wells not intended to be under the control of the plan. Management of discharge from these wells also will be important to overall effectiveness of the remedial-action plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854087","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Hult, M.F., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4087, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854087.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36260.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013926,"text":"1013926 - 1985 - Toxic materials, fishing, and environmental variation: Simulated effects on striped bass population trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T17:06:29.026728","indexId":"1013926","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxic materials, fishing, and environmental variation: Simulated effects on striped bass population trends","docAbstract":"Decreased survival of larval striped bass Morone saxatilis resulting from toxic chemicals in the environment and decreased survival of adults caused by fishing both are suspected as agents contributing to the decline in the Chesapeake Bay stock since the mid‐1970s. The relative power of each type of mortality to cause population declines was evaluated with simulation techniques. Equivalent levels of added mortality induced qualitatively identical and quantitatively similar trends in population simulations for all conditions examined except if strong density‐dependent mortality preceded the contaminant toxicity. In this case the contaminant effect caused a greater reduction in yield, but the population did not tend toward extinction. The results indicate that the observed downward trend in the Chesapeake Bay population can be halted or reversed by a reduction in fishing mortality, even if contaminant toxicity is the proximate cause for the decline.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<107:TMFAEV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., 1985, Toxic materials, fishing, and environmental variation: Simulated effects on striped bass population trends: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 114, no. 1, p. 107-113, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<107:TMFAEV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"113","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.45137515753754,\n 39.490431843405645\n ],\n [\n -76.58379606562652,\n 38.66690029793358\n ],\n [\n -76.4943486933714,\n 37.089918804712\n ],\n [\n -75.96462427284425,\n 37.121312200179204\n ],\n [\n -75.86444692063253,\n 37.54276135963376\n ],\n [\n -75.6426165939144,\n 37.91879819208148\n ],\n [\n -75.7857193310846,\n 39.6502389229056\n ],\n [\n -76.45137515753754,\n 39.490431843405645\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175195,"text":"70175195 - 1985 - Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T13:26:53","indexId":"70175195","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries","docAbstract":"Long-term studies were used to examine (1) contrasting time scales and mechanisms of structural variations within two benthic communities and (2) the usefulness of long data sets for evaluating human impact. A 10-year study of a San Francisco Bay mudflat, the details of which are reported elsewhere, has revealed large short-term (on the order of months) variations in species abundances within a community composed predominantly of opportunistic species. The study site, located in a highly urbanized estuary, is subject to the influence of a nearby sewage-treatment facility. However, rapid changes in population size of the common species, in part due to periodic natural habitat disturbance, impedes the detection of anthropogenic influences on community composition. Only a very long-term data set may provide evidence of progressive change. Data collected for a 20-year period on the benthic community at 200 m depth in the main basin of Puget Sound, an environment subject to little apparent habitat disturbance show that numerical abundance of the common species can also change markedly. Here, however, numerical dominance shifts from one species to another at irregular, multiyear intervals. Recent increases in two heretofore rare species, and a significant increase in total numbers of individuals suggest that long-term changes may be occurring in this community. These two long-term data sets demonstrate the importance of measuring both the amplitude and the periodicity of fluctuations in population size of aquatic species as well as long-term fluctuations and patterns in environmental factors before attempting to demonstrate the effect of anthropogenic influences on aquatic communities. The results of these studies also demonstrate the usefulness of long-term data sets for revealing the potential importance of interactions among species in determining abundance patterns in the soft-bottom benthos.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351863","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., 1985, Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries: Estuaries, v. 8, no. 2, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351863.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ce4b006cb45552bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175199,"text":"70175199 - 1985 - Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T13:53:33","indexId":"70175199","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The benthic invertebrate community inhabiting the extensive and sedimentologically homogeneous mudflats of South San Francisco Bay has demonstrated a high degree of constancy in both species composition and relative abundance among species throughout 10 yr of observation. The community, composed predominantly of introduced species with opportunistic lifestyles, is dominated numerically by Gemma gernma, Ampelisca abdita, and Streblospio benedicti. The key to the persistent co-occurrence of these species on the mudflats seems to lie in the combination of (1) the recurrence of minor disturbances of the mudflat habitat (e.g. sediment deposition/erosion, inundation by low-salinity water) on time scales comparable to that of life cycles; (2) opportunistic life history strategies (rapid maturity, brooding of young, multiple generations each year, ease of local dispersal of both juveniles and adults) that permit continued colonization of the mudflat surface or rapid recolonization after disturbances. Only 1 of the 3 numerically-dominant species. A. abdita, displays an annual periodicity in abundance. S. benedicti and G. gemma, through broadly flexible reproductive strategies permitted in the mild San Francisco climate, can exhibit strong recruitment at any time between spring and autumn. The most extreme community changes, involving temporary reduction or elimination of normally dominant populations, occurred as a result of anomalous disturbances such as unusual buildup and decay of an algal mat during 1 summer and prolonged periods of unusually high freshwater inflow during 2 successive winters. The introduced opportunists routinely co-occur at high densities. However, one of these, the tube-dwelling amphipod A. abdita, may control the abundance of the native mollusk Macoma balthica.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., and Thompson, J.K., 1985, Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 24, p. 83-97.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v24/"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c431e4b006cb45552c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013925,"text":"1013925 - 1985 - Relationship between reported commercial landings and abundance of young striped bass in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T17:02:11.939544","indexId":"1013925","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between reported commercial landings and abundance of young striped bass in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland","docAbstract":"The ability to predict subsequent landings of striped bass Morone saxatilis from the indices of abundance of juveniles (young of the year) determined annually by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources was evaluated by multiple‐regression techniques. About 57% of the variation in reported landings could be accounted for by the juvenile indices 2, 3, 4, and 5 years prior to the year of the landings for the period 1959–1983. Elimination of the first 4 years of record (1959–1962) increased the R2 to 0.83. The regressions of reported landings on the indices of ages 2–5 striped bass for the periods 1964–1973 and 1974–1983 indicated that mortality in the fishable stock increased between the two periods. These results support the use of the juvenile indices for monitoring recruitment into the population and as a basis for management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<92:RBRCLA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., 1985, Relationship between reported commercial landings and abundance of young striped bass in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 114, no. 1, p. 92-96, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<92:RBRCLA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.45137515753754,\n 39.490431843405645\n ],\n [\n -76.58379606562652,\n 38.66690029793358\n ],\n [\n -76.4943486933714,\n 37.089918804712\n ],\n [\n -75.96462427284425,\n 37.121312200179204\n ],\n [\n -75.86444692063253,\n 37.54276135963376\n ],\n [\n -75.6426165939144,\n 37.91879819208148\n ],\n [\n -75.7857193310846,\n 39.6502389229056\n ],\n [\n -76.45137515753754,\n 39.490431843405645\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012969,"text":"70012969 - 1985 - ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012969","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The quantity of heavy hydrocarbons - heavy crude oil and natural bitumens - known or surmised to be present in the earth is large. The total is estimated to fall in the range of 5,879,712-5,942,139 million barrels. The portion of this that may ultimately prove recoverable is small, perhaps on the order of 500,000 million barrels of heavy crude oil and 200,000 million barrels of bitumen.","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"UNITAR/UNDP Information Cent for Heavy Crude & Tar Sands","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Schenk, C.J., 1985, ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES., Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 175-191.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0467e4b0c8380cd50971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012930,"text":"70012930 - 1985 - Slumping and shallow faulting related to the presence of salt on the Continental Slope and rise off North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T12:29:41","indexId":"70012930","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slumping and shallow faulting related to the presence of salt on the Continental Slope and rise off North Carolina","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles and long- and medium-range sidescan sonar were used to investigate a salt diapir complex and area of slope instability near the base of the Continental Slope off North Carolina. Within the area of investigation three diapirs are bounded on their upslope side by a scarp 60 m high and 50 km long. The slope above the scarp is characterized by a series of shallow rotational normal faults. The bottom below the scarp is furrowed by slide tracks, which were probably carved by large blocks that broke off the scarp face and slid downslope leaving rubble and scree lobes. Extensive slumping in this area appears to be a result of uplift and faulting associated with salt intrusion, which has fractured and oversteepened the slope leading to instability and failure. Sharply defined slide tracks suggest that slope failure above the breached diapir complex is a continuing process, in contrast to much of the surrounding slope area where few instability features were observed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(85)90016-9","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Cashman, K.V., and Popenoe, P., 1985, Slumping and shallow faulting related to the presence of salt on the Continental Slope and rise off North Carolina: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 260-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(85)90016-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Trough, Continental Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9178e4b08c986b31990d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, P.","contributorId":105434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012924,"text":"70012924 - 1985 - Middle Proterozoic uplift events in the Dunbar dome of northeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012924","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Proterozoic uplift events in the Dunbar dome of northeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Isotopic ages of granitic and metamorphic rocks exposed in the Dunbar structural dome of northeastern Wisconsin identify a protracted series of tectonic and \"hydrothermal\" events that culminated in major regional uplift during Middle Proterozoic (Keweenawan; ca 1,100 Ma) continental rifting and volcanism. The major rock-forming events and the structural development of the dome occurred during the interval 1,862+/-4 Ma to 1,836+/-6 Ma. Whole-rock Rb-Sr ages are partly reset in response to a widely recognized but cryptic event in Wisconsin and Michigan at about 1,630 Ma. The scale and systematic character of the whole-rock resetting strongly suggests the presence of a fluid phase derived in situ from water dissolved in the silicates or externally from a subthrust plate of low-grade metamorphic rocks. The regional nature of the 1,630-Ma disturbance possibly indicates that it is related to a major tectonic event such as an active plate margin far to the south. Rb-Sr biotite ages for the Dunbar dome (this study), the southern complex of the Marquette district (Van Schmus and Woolsey 1975) and the Felch trough area (Aldrich and others 1965) provide a remarkably coherent pattern that reflects multiple episodes of differential uplift. Younger events superimposed on a regional 1,630-Ma imprint are recorded at 1,330 Ma and 1,140 Ma. The 1,330 Ma disturbance could reflect stabilization following intrusion of the Wolf River batholith at 1,485 Ma. The 1,140-Ma uplift event occurred during Keweenawan rifting and volcanism as a result of stresses imposed on a mosaic of fault-bounded blocks with possible subcrustal influence. The remarkably small variance in the 1,140-Ma biotite age peak argues for rapid uplift and cooling, and hence rapid erosion. Detritus from the uplift probably was being shed into nearby tectonic basins most of which did not survive subsequent uplift and erosion. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00377761","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., Sims, P., Zartman, R., and Schulz, K.J., 1985, Middle Proterozoic uplift events in the Dunbar dome of northeastern Wisconsin, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 138-150, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377761.","startPage":"138","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377761"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56dfe4b0c8380cd6d8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012970,"text":"70012970 - 1985 - A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T15:56:59","indexId":"70012970","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","docAbstract":"This uniform technique consisted of fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type III distribution using the method of moments. The objective was to adopt a consistent approach for the estimation of floodflow frequencies that could be used in computing average annual flood losses for project evaluation. In addition, a consistent approach was needed for defining equitable flood-hazard zones as part of the National Flood Insurance Program. -from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W., 1985, A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 111, no. 3, p. 321-337, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321).","startPage":"321","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)"},{"id":222115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60be4b0c8380cd47118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, W.O. Jr.","contributorId":32133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001227,"text":"1001227 - 1985 - Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:18:34","indexId":"1001227","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., and Sharp, D., 1985, Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 13, no. 1, p. 53-56.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, D.E.","contributorId":34460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40511,"text":"ofr8041 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Upper Nutria 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:39:48.723528","indexId":"ofr8041","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-41","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Upper Nutria 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8041","usgsCitation":"Berge Exploration Inc., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Upper Nutria 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-41, Report: i, 29 p.; 5 Plates: 23.66 x 28.34 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8041.","productDescription":"Report: i, 29 p.; 5 Plates: 23.66 x 28.34 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416882,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75180.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":75908,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75907,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75906,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75905,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75904,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"McKinley County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Nutria 7 1/2-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.625,\n 35.375\n ],\n [\n -108.625,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 35.375\n ],\n [\n -108.625,\n 35.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berge Exploration Inc.","contributorId":128031,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Berge Exploration Inc.","id":530289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012899,"text":"70012899 - 1985 - Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T16:01:20.994394","indexId":"70012899","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2400,"text":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study","docAbstract":"Raman spectra of crystalline polymorphs of a number of tectosilicate minerals having various sizes of smallest rings of TO4 tetrahedra (T = Si, Al) have been investigated to identify the bands that are sensitive indicators of the smallest rings in the network. The information obtained from the Raman spectra of tectosilicate minerals (e.g., SiO2 polymorphs, NaAlSi3O8 (Ab), NaAlSiO4 (Ne), KAlSi3O8 (Or), and KAlSi2O6 (Lc)) is used to interpret the Raman spectra of the isochemical glasses. It is shown that the frequency of the dominant νs (TOT) band in the spectra of both crystals and glasses is related to the dominant size of TO4 rings in the structure. In agreement with previous X-ray RDF work, it is found that in the glasses of Ab and Jd (NaAlSi2O6) compositions, six-membered rings of TO4 tetrahedra predominate. The Raman spectrum of Or glass, however, indicates that clusters of intermixed four- and six-membered rings of TO4 tetrahedra, similar to those existing in crystalline leucite, are also present in the glass. Raman evidence indicates that four-membered rings of TO4 tetrahedra predominate in the glass of An composition. Similarly, the higher frequency of the νs (TOT) band in the spectrum of Ne glass as compared with the frequency the νs (TOT) band in the spectra of crystalline cargenieite and nephelite indicates either an admixture of the four- and six-membered rings or the puckering of six-membered rings in the glass structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-3093(85)90311-4","issn":"00223093","usgsCitation":"Sharma, S., Philpotts, J., and Matson, D., 1985, Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, v. 71, no. 1-3, p. 403-410, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(85)90311-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad6be4b0c8380cd86ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, S.K.","contributorId":45582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philpotts, J.A.","contributorId":78360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philpotts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, D.W.","contributorId":108366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013024,"text":"70013024 - 1985 - The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T17:49:04.506001","indexId":"70013024","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","title":"The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","docAbstract":"Poor light penetration and grazing are among the factors potentially responsible for the lack of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. Between 1980 and 1983, plugs, springs and tubers of Vallisneria americana Michx were transplanted from the oligohaline Potomac Estuary to six sites in the freshwater tidal Potomac River. Transplants made in 1980 and 1981 were generally successful only when protected by full exclosures which prevented grazing. Grazing resulted in the removal of whole plants or clipping off of plant leaves in unprotected plots. Plants protected in the first year were permanently established, despite the occurrence of grazing in subsequent years, at Elodea Cove and Rosier Bluff, where light penetration was high (average 1% light level was 1.6–1.7 m). Plants were not permanent;y established at Goose Island, where light penetration was lower (average 1% light level was 1.4 m) and grazing occurred, or Neabsco Bay where light penetration was very low (average 1% light level was 1.0 m) and grazing may not have occurred. In 1983, Secchi depth transparencies in the upper tidal river were improved significantly compared to 1978–1981. Both protected and unprotected transplants thrived in 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(85)90066-X","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., and Rybicki, N.B., 1985, The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland: Aquatic Botany, v. 23, no. 3, p. 197-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(85)90066-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.22855763178708,\n 38.59197201572752\n ],\n [\n -77.14942357452662,\n 38.598464452803654\n ],\n [\n -77.10133105353873,\n 38.6237451892448\n ],\n [\n -77.0882149114515,\n 38.6479926563467\n ],\n [\n -77.09564739196809,\n 38.671549236628664\n ],\n [\n -76.99771353104805,\n 38.68895564184464\n ],\n [\n -76.99552750736672,\n 38.738762332152504\n ],\n [\n -77.01301593816976,\n 38.80727509735124\n ],\n [\n -77.01126711922468,\n 38.85597788791455\n ],\n [\n -77.02919251341086,\n 38.85461602513939\n ],\n [\n -77.03575058445406,\n 38.822945364754844\n ],\n [\n -77.03575058445406,\n 38.789897510057386\n ],\n [\n -77.03924822234423,\n 38.74728746603765\n ],\n [\n -77.04274586023436,\n 38.71147536450266\n ],\n [\n -77.0816570817606,\n 38.70465197660971\n ],\n [\n -77.11444743697908,\n 38.68588430232515\n ],\n [\n -77.14461455361123,\n 38.662332266896414\n ],\n [\n -77.12668915942506,\n 38.63877265485374\n ],\n [\n -77.22899506770776,\n 38.59197191544166\n ],\n [\n -77.22855763178708,\n 38.59197201572752\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab7de4b08c986b322ea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012931,"text":"70012931 - 1985 - Evolution and present state of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T15:36:01.804718","indexId":"70012931","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution and present state of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera","docAbstract":"Evidence for previous periods of hydrothermal activity in Long Valley caldera exists in the form of extensive deposits of hydrothermal alteration products at several locations within the caldera and saline deposits in Searles Lake which contain mineral assemblages contributed by hot spring discharge from Long Valley. Hydrothermal activity was more intense in the past and probably involved fluid circulation to depths of several kilometers or more with heat supplied by the Long Valley magma chamber. During the past 40,000 years the heat source may have shifted to the Inyo-Mono magmatic system beneath the west moat, where deep fluid circulation supplied hot water to shallower zones of lateral flow within the Bishop Tuff beneath the resurgent dome. The present-day hydrothermal system in Long Valley appears to consist of two principal zones in which hot water flows laterally from west to east at depths of less than 1 km within and around the resurgent dome. Maximum measured temperatures within these zones are near 170°C, but estimates from chemical geothermometers and extrapolation of a high-temperature gradient measured in a recent drill hole indicate that a source reservoir at temperatures near 240° may exist at greater depths within the Bishop Tuff beneath the west moat. Regions possibly containing silicic melt detected by shear wave attenuation at depths of 4–5 km beneath the resurgent dome have probably not been in place long enough to influence sensibly the overlying thermal regime within the upper 2 km of caldera fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11219","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., 1985, Evolution and present state of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11219-11228, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11219.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11219","endPage":"11228","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d76e4b0c8380cd5302b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012929,"text":"70012929 - 1985 - Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012929","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships","docAbstract":"The Ascutney Mountain igneous complex in eastern Vermont, USA, is composed of three principal units with compositions ranging from gabbro to granite. Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships for mafic rocks, granites, and nearby gneissic and schistose country rock have been investigated in order to describe the petrogenesis of the mafic suite which ranges from gabbro to diorite. The entire complex appears to have been formed within a short interval 122.2??1.2 m.y. ago. The granites with ??18O near +7.8??? had an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.70395(??6) which is indistinguishable from the initial ratio of the most primitive gabbro. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and ??18O values for the mafic rocks range from 0.7039 to 0.7057 and +6.1 to +8.6???, respectively. The isotopic ratios are highly correlated with major element trends and reflect considerable crustal contamination of a mantle-derived basaltic parent magma. The likely contaminant was Precambrian gneiss similar to exposed bedrock into which the basic rocks were emplaced. A new approach to modelling of assimilation during the formation of a cogenetic igneous rock suite is illustrated. Chemical and isotopic modelling indicate that the mafic rocks were produced by simultaneous assimilation and fractional crystallization. The relative amounts of fractionation and assimilation varied considerably. The mafic suite was not produced by a single batch of magma undergoing progressive contamination; rather, the various rocks probably were derived from separate batches of magma each of which followed a separate course of evolution. The late stage granite was apparently derived from basaltic magma by fractionation with little or no crustal assimilation. The early intrusive phases are much more highly contaminated than the final one. The observed relationships have important implications for the formation of comagmatic complexes and for isotopic modelling of crustal contamination. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00384712","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Foland, K., Henderson, C., and Gleason, J., 1985, Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 331-345, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384712.","startPage":"331","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384712"},{"id":222509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7784e4b0c8380cd784ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, C.M.B.","contributorId":41970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"C.M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, J.","contributorId":16975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012949,"text":"70012949 - 1985 - Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:12:50","indexId":"70012949","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks","docAbstract":"The analytical solutions developed in the first paper can be used to interpret the results of cross-hole tests conducted in anisotropic porous or fractured media. In the particular case where the injection and monitoring intervals are short relative to the distance between them, the test results can be analyzed graphically. From the transient variation of hydraulic head in a given monitoring interval, one can determine the directional hydraulic diffusivity, Kd(e)/Ss, and the quantity D/Ss, by curve matching. (Here Kd(e) is directional hydraulic conductivity parallel to the unit vector, e, pointing from the injection to the monitoring interval, Ss is specific storage, and D is the determinant of the hydraulic conductivity tensor, K.) The principal values and directions of K, together with Ss, can then be evaluated by fitting an ellipsoid to the square roots of the directional diffusivities. Ideally, six directional measurements are required. In practice, a larger number of measurements is often necessary to enable fitting an ellipsoid to the data by least squares. If the computed [Kd(e)/ss]½ values fluctuate so severely that a meaningful least squares fit is not possible, one has a direct indication that the subsurface does not behave as a uniform anisotropic medium on the scale of the test. Test results from a granitic rock near Oracle in southern Arizona are presented to illustrate how the method works for fractured rocks. At the site, the Oracle granite is shown to respond as a near-uniform, anisotropic medium, the hydraulic conductivity of which is strongly controlled by the orientations of major fracture sets. The cross-hole test results are shown to be consistent with the results of more than 100 single-hole packer tests conducted at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01667","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Neuman, S.P., Stiles, G.K., and Simpson, E.S., 1985, Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1667-1676, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01667.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1676","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb0e4b0c8380cd539a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman, Shlomo P.","contributorId":189795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuman","given":"Shlomo","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stiles, Gary K.","contributorId":91175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiles","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, Eugene S.","contributorId":116654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85640,"text":"85640 - 1985 - Wildlife health implications of sewage disposal in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"85640","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wildlife health implications of sewage disposal in wetlands","docAbstract":"Wildlife health concerns associated with disposal of sewage effluent in wetlands are of three primary types: (1) introduction of pathogens, (2) introduction of pollutants that adversely impact on host body defense mechanisms, and (3) changes in the physical and chemical properties of wetlands that favor the development and maintenance of disease problems. Unlike the situation with human health concerns, introduction of pathogens is not the major concern regarding wildlife health. Instead, the focus of attention needs to be directed at environmental changes likely to take place as a result of effluent discharges into different types of wetlands. Unless these changes are adequately addressed from a disease perspective, marshes utilized for sewage disposal could become disease incubators and wildlife death traps. This result would be unfortunate because the backlash would likely negate the potentially beneficial aspects of the use of sewage wastewater for the creation of new wetlands and have a severe impact on progress being made towards evaluation of the compatibility of wildlife and sewage effluents. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Considerations in Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold Company","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1985, Wildlife health implications of sewage disposal in wetlands, chap. of Ecological Considerations in Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters, p. 262-269.","productDescription":"p. 262-269","startPage":"262","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=8901844&q=author%3A%22Friend%22+intitle%3A%22Wildlife+health+implications+of+sewage+disposal+in+wetlands%22+&uid=787395425&setcookie=yes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5304.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Godfrey, P.J.","contributorId":113439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504620,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaynor, E.R.","contributorId":112281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaynor","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504619,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelczarski, S.","contributorId":113672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelczarski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504621,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012990,"text":"70012990 - 1985 - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON A 50-YEAR OLD RETORTED OIL-SHALE WASTE PILE, RULISON EXPERIMENTAL RETORT, COLORADO.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70012990","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON A 50-YEAR OLD RETORTED OIL-SHALE WASTE PILE, RULISON EXPERIMENTAL RETORT, COLORADO.","docAbstract":"An oil-shale mine and experimental retort were operated near Rulison, Colorado by the U. S. Bureau of Mines from 1926 to 1929. Samples from seven drill cores from a retorted oil-shale waste pile were analyzed to determine 1) the chemical and mineral composition of the retorted oil shale and 2) variations in the composition that could be attributed to weathering. Unweathered, freshly-mined samples of oil shale from the Mahogany zone of the Green River Formation and slope wash collected away from the waste pile were also analyzed for comparison. The waste pile is composed of oil shale retorted under either low-temperature (400-500 degree C) or high-temperature (750 degree C) conditions. The results of the analyses show that the spent shale within the waste pile contains higher concentrations of most elements relative to unretorted oil shale.","largerWorkTitle":"Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Eighteenth Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings.","conferenceLocation":"Grand Junction, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Sch of Mines","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO, USA","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Dean, W.E., and Ackerman, D.J., 1985, EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON A 50-YEAR OLD RETORTED OIL-SHALE WASTE PILE, RULISON EXPERIMENTAL RETORT, COLORADO., in Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings, Grand Junction, CO, USA, p. 338-346.","startPage":"338","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046ae4b0c8380cd50986","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gary James H.","contributorId":128340,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gary James H.","id":536261,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Daniel J.","contributorId":9286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013018,"text":"70013018 - 1985 - Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:48:54","indexId":"70013018","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"Sorption of chromium VI on the iron-oxide- and hydroxide-coated surface of alluvial material was numerically simulated with rate-controlled reactions. Reaction kinetics and diffusional processes, in the form of film, pore, and particle diffusion, were simulated and compared with experimental results. The use of empirically calculated rate coefficients for diffusion through the reacting surface was found to simulate experimental data; pore or particle diffusion is believed to be a possible rate-controlling mechanism. The use of rate equations to predict conservative transport and rate- and local-equilibrium-controlled reactions was shown to be feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01703","usgsCitation":"Grove, D., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1985, Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1703-1709, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01703.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1709","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad4e4b0c8380cd690ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, D.B.","contributorId":56689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":95244,"text":"95244 - 1985 - Use of cultured fish in sport fisheries management in the United States of America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"95244","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of cultured fish in sport fisheries management in the United States of America","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Angling Resources and Challenges","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":" International Game Fish Association","publisherLocation":"Fort Lauderdale, FL","collaboration":"None/FC","usgsCitation":"Stevens, R., McCraren, J.P., and McAllister, K., 1985, Use of cultured fish in sport fisheries management in the United States of America, chap. of World Angling Resources and Challenges, p. 177-190.","productDescription":"p. 177-190","startPage":"177","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60499c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stroud, R.H.","contributorId":112490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, R.E.","contributorId":62954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCraren, J. P.","contributorId":55370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCraren","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, K.W.","contributorId":58586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012997,"text":"70012997 - 1985 - Trondhjemite and metamorphosed quartz keratophyre tuff of the Ammonoosuc volcanics (Ordovician), western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T21:52:19.969301","indexId":"70012997","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trondhjemite and metamorphosed quartz keratophyre tuff of the Ammonoosuc volcanics (Ordovician), western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Ammonoosuc Volcanics and equivalent rocks of Ordovician age are exposed in the Oliverian domes along the Bronson Hill anti-clinorium (BHA) between northern New Hampshire and southern Connecticut. In western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts, the Ammonoosuc lithology consists of a lower, mainly mafic unit of homblende-plagioclase amphibolite, and an upper, mainly felsic, metamorphosed quartz keratophyre tuff. These lithologies are locally interlayered, and both are intruded by sills, dikes, and plugs of trondhjemite. Trondhjemite also constitutes the interior gneissic “core” of several small domes or plutons. The trondhjemite is highly siliceous (SiO2 = 73%–81%), low in A12O3 (11.3%–13.5%), generally contains < 1% K2O, and thus resembles some trondhjemites in island-arc or continental-margin settings. Chemical trends of both trondhjemite and Ammonoosuc Volcanics (felsic and mafic) are essentially calc-alkaline.
Variations in both major and trace elements of trondhjemites in several of the domes suggest several somewhat different sources along the BHA. Overall, however, the major- and minor-element chemistry of the trondhjemites is closely similar to that of the Ammonoosuc quartz keratophyre tuff. These rocks could have been produced either by partial melting or by fractional crystallization of basaltic source rocks. The partial-melting model is preferred because of the largely bimodal basalt-quartz keratophyre Ammonoosuc assemblage in which andesitic and other intermediate compositions are virtually lacking. The relatively thin Ammonoosuc section appears to preclude generation of trondhjemite at the presently exposed base of an island arc, as has been postulated for very similar trondhjemite-amphibolite assemblages (Twillingate trondhjemite, Little Port Complex) in Newfoundland. Instead, generation of the felsic Ammonoosuc rocks more likely occurred at deeper levels along a subduction zone dipping eastward under the BHA, as postulated in current plate-tectonic models. The close juxtaposition in space and time of sialic crust and Ammonoosuc Volcanics may explain the calc-alkaline trends of the latter and suggests a paleotectonic environment of convergent oceanic-continental plate margins, possibly with significant crustal shortening across the arc.