Understanding the neutral (demographic) and adaptive processes leading to the differentiation of species and populations is a critical component of evolutionary and conservation biology. In this context, recently diverged taxa represent a unique opportunity to study the process of genetic differentiation. Northern and southern Idaho ground squirrels (Urocitellus brunneus—NIDGS, and U. endemicus—SIDGS, respectively) are a recently diverged pair of sister species that have undergone dramatic declines in the last 50 years and are currently found in metapopulations across restricted spatial areas with distinct environmental pressures. Here we genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from buccal swabs with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). With these data we evaluated neutral genetic structure at both the inter- and intraspecific level, and identified putatively adaptive SNPs using population structure outlier detection and genotype–environment association (GEA) analyses. At the interspecific level, we detected a clear separation between NIDGS and SIDGS, and evidence for adaptive differentiation putatively linked to torpor patterns. At the intraspecific level, we found evidence of both neutral and adaptive differentiation. For NIDGS, elevation appears to be the main driver of adaptive differentiation, while neutral variation patterns match and expand information on the low connectivity between some populations identified in previous studies using microsatellite markers. For SIDGS, neutral substructure generally reflected natural geographical barriers, while adaptive variation reflected differences in land cover and temperature, as well as elevation. These results clearly highlight the roles of neutral and adaptive processes for understanding the complexity of the processes leading to species and population differentiation, which can have important conservation implications in susceptible and threatened species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/mec.16096","usgsCitation":"Barbosa, S., Andrews, K., Goldberg, A., Gour, D., Hohenlohe, P.A., Conway, C.J., and Waits, L.P., 2021, The role of neutral and adaptive genomic variation in population diversification and speciation in two ground squirrel species of conservation concern: Molecular Ecology, v. 30, no. 19, p. 4673-4694, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16096.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4673","endPage":"4694","ipdsId":"IP-114999","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":395676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 43.8028187190472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbosa, Soraia","contributorId":275352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbosa","given":"Soraia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Kimberly R.","contributorId":253136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Kimberly R.","affiliations":[{"id":50491,"text":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":265814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":54806,"text":"iu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gour, Digpal S.","contributorId":275355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gour","given":"Digpal S.","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hohenlohe, Paul A.","contributorId":46399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohenlohe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12708,"text":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228852,"text":"70228852 - 2021 - Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T16:10:16.860899","indexId":"70228852","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T10:04:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague","docAbstract":"Utah prairie dogs (UPDs, Cynomys parvidens) are colonial, herbivorous rodents listed under the Endangered Species Act as threatened. Little is known about UPD population dynamics at higher elevations in the species’ range. From 2013 through 2016, we studied UPDs on five colonies at 2,645 to 2,873 m elevation on the Awapa Plateau, Utah, USA. Primary production increases with precipitation and precipitation increases with elevation on the plateau. We hypothesized that UPD body condition, reproduction, survival, and population growth all would vary directly with precipitation and elevation. Each year, we live-trapped UPDs from late-Jun through Aug, weighing each UPD, aging it as adult or pup, measuring its right hind foot, marking it for unique identification, and releasing it at point of capture. Fleas from live-trapped UPDs and opportunistically collected rodent carcasses, and rodent carcasses themselves, were tested for the agent of sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), a lethal invasive pathogen. Adult UPD body condition (mass:foot) increased with elevation. In addition, UPD reproduction (pups:adults) and population growth (λ) increased with precipitation. Annual survival declined from 0.49 in 2013–2014 to 0.24 in 2015–2016. We captured 421 UPDs in 2013 but only 149 in 2016. Sylvatic plague may have contributed to population declines. Notwithstanding, plague detection (yes/no by colony and year) had no statistical effect on population growth or annual survival, raising suspicion about the predictive value of binary plague detection variables. Generally speaking, efforts to conserve UPDs may benefit from the restoration and preservation of large colonies at mesic sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyab103","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2021, Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 102, no. 5, p. 1289-1297, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab103.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1289","endPage":"1297","ipdsId":"IP-122565","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab103","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DWKB3Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Utah prairie dog body condition and reproductive success, Awapa Plateau, Utah, USA, 2013-2016"},{"id":396348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Awapa Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 38.44068226417387\n ],\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.44068226417387\n ],\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.07620357665235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":835698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70239846,"text":"70239846 - 2021 - Evaluation of larval lamprey survival following salvage: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:02:41.492563","indexId":"70239846","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T09:52:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Evaluation of larval lamprey survival following salvage: A pilot study","docAbstract":"Larval lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp.) are vulnerable to anthropogenic water-level fluctuations that can dewater their habitat. Dewatering events occur regularly in the Columbia River Basin for operation and management of hydropower facilities, seasonal or maintenance closures of irrigation diversions, and in-water construction projects, including for habitat restoration. Salvage efforts which can be initiated before, during, and after dewatering events are resource-intensive and are conducted based on the assumption that salvage will reduce lamprey mortality. This pilot study was the first formal assessment of the efficacy of salvage efforts, evaluating the survival and performance of larval lamprey following various salvage techniques.
Lampreys were salvaged during dewatering events at three field sites under variable environmental conditions (summer and fall of 2020) and then held in the laboratory for 60 days to monitor survival, growth, and burrowing performance. Four salvage treatments were defined to represent combinations of typical salvage techniques and stressors, including multiple passes of standard electrofishing (SEF), lamprey-specific electrofishing (LEF), and modified lamprey-specific electrofishing (MLEF; probes in direct contact with dewatered, but moist substrate) as well as extended exposure on the surface and walking on sediment where lampreys were burrowed. Control groups did not experience dewatering and were collected using LEF in areas away from treatment groups. Treatments were designed to increase in intensity, from treatment 1 (walking and exposure) to treatment 4 (multiple passes of SEF, LEF and MLEF). Study sites included an earthen hatchery rearing pond (North Toutle Hatchery) dewatered in July, and two irrigation diversions (Wapato and Sunnyside diversions on Yakima River) dewatered at the end of the irrigation season in October. Treatments were executed inside circular 1 m2 enclosures that were randomly positioned in habitats expected to be dewatered. A solid, weighted ring at the bottom of the enclosure penetrated the sediment and netting extended through the water column to a floating upper ring. We deployed eight enclosures per treatment at each test site, executed the four salvage treatments, collected lamprey from within each enclosure and transported them to the laboratory, along with the control groups, for the 60-day holding period. Burrowing performance was tested in sand 1 day after the field effort and in field-collected sediment 30 days after the field effort. Mortality was documented and lamprey were measured at 1, 30, and 60 days in the laboratory and fish weights were used to calculate standard growth rate (SGR) for each site and treatment group.
We collected 328 larval lampreys at our three test sites, including 71 controls and 257 larvae exposed to dewatering and salvage treatments. Overall mortality for the 60-day laboratory holding period was 11.9%. Most mortality occurred within 1-day after treatment (51.3%) and there was limited mortality past 30 days (2.6%). At the North Toutle Hatchery, we observed substantial mortality during the field tests in July, both inside and outside of our test enclosures. Mortality within our test enclosures ranged from 96.7 to 98.8% for treatment 1, 45.9 to 52.2% for treatment 3 and 6.7 to 7.1% for treatment 4. The elevated mortality at this site and logistical challenges with the execution of treatments 1 and 2 resulted in few fish (5 total for treatment 1) or no fish (treatment 2) available for testing in the laboratory. Only one larval lamprey died during field tests at the Wapato and Sunnyside irrigation diversions during testing in October. The single mortality was in treatment 1 (11.1%) and no mortalities were observed outside of the test enclosures.
We used logistic regression to estimate survival of larval lampreys transported to the laboratory and held for 24 h. The Wapato and Sunnyside field sites were pooled for logistic regression and the North Toutle Hatchery site was analyzed separately due to dramatically different environmental conditions. We found that treatment 1 reduced larval survival more than any other treatment during both the summer and fall dewatering events. Trends among survival for treatments 2-4 were less clear. The unique stressor included in the first treatment, but not in other treatments, was a 2-hour exposure period during which larvae were left lying on the surface of the sediment. Treatment 1 also experienced a walking action (foot pressure on the surface of the exposed sediment). The walking action was also included in treatment 4, both before and after dewatering, along with multiple passes of various electrofishing techniques, as this treatment was designed to be a worst-case scenario for lamprey salvage. Despite what appeared to be significant stressors associated with treatment 4, the logistic regression for survival up to 24 hours in the laboratory showed that the odds of surviving treatment 4 were 16 times higher than the odds of surviving treatment 1 at Wapato and Sunnyside (combined). The same comparison at the North Toutle Hatchery showed the odds were 226 times higher for lamprey to survive treatment 4 compared to treatment 1.
Lamprey from all study sites initiated burrowing activity with median times less than 10.5 seconds in both sand (day 1) and field-collected sediment (day 30). The fastest burrowing start times were less than 1.0 second and the slowest was 3.2 minutes. Lamprey behavioral responses during burrowing ability tests were variable. Some lampreys immediately moved from the release location near the surface of the water toward the sediment and began burrowing while others swam around the aquarium near the surface of the water before exploring the sediment to select a burrowing location. The median time to complete burrowing for all treatment groups and sample periods ranged from 9.9 to 48.1 seconds.
No significant differences in SGR were detected between treatment and control groups at any test site. Laboratory water temperatures for the North Toutle Hatchery study groups were maintained at 15°C, giving lamprey a growth advantage compared to the Wapato and Sunnyside groups which were maintained at 10℃. SGR for lamprey collected at the North Toutle Hatchery ranged from 0.83% weight gain/day for controls to 2.04%/day for treatment 3. SGR at Wapato ranged from 0.27 to 0.67%/day and from 0.60 to 0.90 %/day at Sunnyside. Overall, SGR was consistently lower at every site for the controls compared to any of the treatment groups, although none of the differences were significant. The variability at some sites in initial lamprey size, combined with inherent variability in growth rates, limited our ability to make conclusions about how different salvage treatments influenced SGR.
Treatment 1 stood out among the salvage treatments at all study sites. In this treatment, lampreys exposed on the surface of the sediment, awaiting salvage, were vulnerable to reduced survival, even under mild environmental conditions. The risk of mortality was greatest for the summer dewatering event at the North Toutle Hatchery. The remaining treatments, even with multiple passes of various electrofishing techniques, did not generally have large negative impacts on lamprey during our tests. Lamprey survival rates for these treatments were relatively high, especially at the fall dewatering sites when environmental conditions were mild. Thus, salvage efforts, despite being resource intensive, likely have limited negative outcomes for larval lamprey and make substantial contributions to lamprey conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Columbia Basin Fish & Wildlife Program","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Harris, J.E., Skalicky, J.J., and Weiland, L.K., 2021, Evaluation of larval lamprey survival following salvage: A pilot study, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135055","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Julianne E. 0000-0003-1343-5911","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-5911","contributorId":247527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Julianne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":49569,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1211 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100, Vancouver, Washington 98683","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalicky, Joseph J. 0000-0002-6467-5037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5037","contributorId":247528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skalicky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":49569,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1211 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100, Vancouver, Washington 98683","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiland, Lisa K. 0000-0002-9729-4062 lweiland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-4062","contributorId":3565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"Lisa","email":"lweiland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227292,"text":"70227292 - 2021 - Workshop on terrestrial analogs for planetary exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T15:21:42.659002","indexId":"70227292","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T09:15:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9979,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Workshop on terrestrial analogs for planetary exploration","docAbstract":"Terrestrial analogs are an important part of the robotic and human exploration of the solar system. One of the main recommendations from a community survey conducted in 2019 was to hold a workshop to increase communication and share resources among scientists, engineers, data managers, educators, and students who are involved, or hope to be involved, in terrestrial analog studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","usgsCitation":"Edgar, L.A., Gullikson, A.L., Rumpf, M.E., and Skinner, 2021, Workshop on terrestrial analogs for planetary exploration: Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, no. 166.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-131566","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/newsletters/lpib/"}],"issue":"166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edgar, Lauren A. 0000-0001-7512-7813 ledgar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7813","contributorId":167501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"Lauren","email":"ledgar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gullikson, Amber L. 0000-0002-1505-3151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-3151","contributorId":208679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullikson","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rumpf, M. Elise 0000-0001-7906-2623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-2623","contributorId":217992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumpf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elise","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Jr. 0000-0002-3644-7010","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":222125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226631,"text":"70226631 - 2021 - Tegus survive winter in a temperate climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T15:17:50.038762","indexId":"70226631","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T09:09:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9937,"text":"ECISMA Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Tegus survive winter in a temperate climate","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Everglades Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (ECISMA)","usgsCitation":"Goetz, S., 2021, Tegus survive winter in a temperate climate: ECISMA Newsletter, v. 11, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-129629","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evergladescisma.org/publications-and-tools/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 27.039556602163195\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -83.25439453125,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -85.97900390625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -82.72705078125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 27.819644755099446\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 25.18505888358067\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 25.20494115356912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetz, Scott Michael 0000-0002-8705-5316","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-5316","contributorId":269620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott Michael","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227507,"text":"70227507 - 2021 - Lake Ontario April prey fish survey and Alewife assessment, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T14:58:50.251696","indexId":"70227507","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:56:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Lake Ontario April prey fish survey and Alewife assessment, 2021","docAbstract":"The Lake Ontario April bottom trawl survey and Alewife, Alosa psuedoharengus population assessment are conducted annually to track prey fish community status and aid management decisions related to predator-prey balance. No survey was conducted in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The 2021 survey included 248 bottom trawls in both U.S. and Canadian waters, from March 30 - May 7 in the main lake and embayment regions, at depths ranging from 5 – 221 m (16 - 729 ft). The survey captured 947,102 fish, from 30 species with a total weight of 9,191 kg (20,220 lbs). Alewife were 89.2% of the catch by number while Rainbow Smelt, Osmerus mordax, Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus, and Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii comprised 5.6, 2.3, and 1.7% of the catch, respectively. Rainbow Smelt biomass in 2021 was among the highest values observed since 1997, especially in U.S. waters. The biomass index for Cisco, Coregonus artedii also increased, primarily due to catches and greater survey effort in the Bay of Quinte. Threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Emerald Shiner, Notropis atherinoides biomasses remain low. No Bloater, Coregonus hoyi were captured during the 2021 survey.
In 2021, the lake-wide Alewife biomass index increased substantially from 2019 due to the presence of an exceptionally high catch of age-1 Alewife (2020 year class). The biomass index of adult Alewife (age-2 and up) declined slightly since 2019, which was expected since Alewife reproduction was generally below average from 2016 to 2019. Expanding the survey spatial extent from U.S. waters to a lake-wide survey in 2016 has improved our ability to estimate Alewife survival and has provided more accurate estimates of Lake Ontario Alewife biomass and density. Simulation modeling based on recent estimates of survival, growth, and reproduction suggests the adult Alewife biomass will likely increase in 2022 and 2023.
As part of a continued effort to improve prey fish surveys, we employed hydroacoustic sampling during the 2021 April trawl survey to estimate fish densities in open-water, pelagic habitats not sampled by the bottom trawl. We found fish density, in waters above the trawl headline depth (3m off bottom to surface), were approximately ~100 times lower than pelagic prey fish densities from bottom trawls. These results support the idea that at this time of year, when the warmest water is on the lake bottom, Alewife and most other prey fish primarily inhabit deep, near bottom regions and can be effectively sampled with bottom trawls. We were not able to apportion acoustics targets to species, however the low mean target strength (-43 decibels, dB) suggested these were small fishes (e.g., 100 mm). The greatest hydroacoustics densities were found near the Niagara River confluence and future surveys may use midwater trawls to determine which species these were and continue to improve this multi-agency survey.
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position impact insect-mediated contaminant fluxes from a mountaintop mining-impacted river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T14:52:53.795882","indexId":"70228736","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:41:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem modification and network position impact insect-mediated contaminant fluxes from a mountaintop mining-impacted river network","docAbstract":"Aquatic-terrestrial contaminant transport via emerging aquatic insects has been studied across contaminant classes and aquatic ecosystems, but few studies have quantified the magnitude of these insect-mediated contaminant fluxes, limiting our understanding of their drivers. Using a recent conceptual model, we identified watershed mining extent, settling ponds, and network position as potential drivers of selenium (Se) fluxes from a mountaintop coal mining-impacted river network. Mining extent drove insect Se concentration (p = 0.008, R2 = 0.406), but ponding and network position were the principal drivers of Se flux through their impact on insect production. Se fluxes were 18 times higher from ponded, mined tributaries than from unponded ones and were comparable to fluxes from larger, productive mainstem sites. Thus, contaminant fluxes were highest in the river mainstem or below ponds, indicating that without considering controls on insect production, contaminant fluxes and their associated risks for predators like birds and bats can be misestimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118257","usgsCitation":"Naslund, L.C., Gerson, J.R., Brooks, A.C., Rosemond, A.D., Walters, D., and Bernhardt, E., 2021, Ecosystem modification and network position impact insect-mediated contaminant fluxes from a mountaintop mining-impacted river network: Environmental Pollution, v. 291, 118257, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118257.","productDescription":"118257, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127990","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Lincoln County","otherGeospatial":"Mud River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.19833374023438,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -81.90650939941406,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -81.90650939941406,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -82.19833374023438,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -82.19833374023438,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naslund, Laura C.","contributorId":223770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naslund","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerson, Jacqueline R.","contributorId":198378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerson","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Alexander C.","contributorId":223771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosemond, Amy D.","contributorId":279630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosemond","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":203410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bernhardt, Emily S.","contributorId":92143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228948,"text":"70228948 - 2021 - Quantitative modeling of secondary migration: Understanding the origin of natural gas charge of the Haynesville Formation in the Sabine Uplift area of Louisiana and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T14:42:38.863117","indexId":"70228948","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:39:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1717,"text":"GCAGS Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative modeling of secondary migration: Understanding the origin of natural gas charge of the Haynesville Formation in the Sabine Uplift area of Louisiana and Texas","docAbstract":"The Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) mudstones of the Haynesville Formation in the Sabine Uplift, Louisiana and Texas, are widely considered to be a self-sourced natural gas reservoir; however, additional sources of gas may have charged the mudstones in the Louisiana portion of the uplift. Secondary migration of hydrocarbons into the Sabine Uplift from downdip, gas-generating Jurassic source rocks in the North Louisiana Salt Basin was quantitively modeled in this study. Jurassic source rocks include the Smackover, Haynesville, and Bossier Formations.
Thermodynamic equations of state were used to determine thermophysical properties of supercritical methane and water under reservoir conditions. A time-dependent derivation of Darcy’s Law for pressure-driven laminar fluid flow through porous media was used to model secondary migration at reservoir conditions. This study indicates secondary migration requires approximately 100,000 yr for pore fluids to migrate through 1.0 km of carrier beds having representative petrophysical, fluid, and reservoir properties of the Haynesville Formation. As an example migration pathway, the distance from the middle of the North Louisiana Salt Basin to the center of the Sabine Uplift is approximately 96 mi (155 km). Given migration velocities over this distance, 15.5 m.y. is required for hydrocarbons to migrate from the North Louisiana Salt Basin and charge the Haynesville Formation in the Sabine Uplift. This study also indicates supercritical water is 6 times more thermally conductive than methane under reservoir conditions; however, the relatively small volumes of migrated water likely did not transfer sufficient heat for the metagenesis of methane. Based on this study, a component of natural gas charging the Haynesville Formation of the Sabine Uplift area can reasonably be explained by lateral migration and hydrodynamic flow from thermally mature Jurassic source rocks located in adjacent basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCAGS","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., 2021, Quantitative modeling of secondary migration: Understanding the origin of natural gas charge of the Haynesville Formation in the Sabine Uplift area of Louisiana and Texas: GCAGS Journal, v. 10, p. 24-30.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-124868","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396464,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gcags.org/Journal/GCAGS.Journal.Vol.10.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Sabine Uplift","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70229470,"text":"70229470 - 2021 - The impact of COVID-19 on freshwater fisheries fieldwork and data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-09T14:37:23.094764","indexId":"70229470","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:25:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on freshwater fisheries fieldwork and data collection","docAbstract":"COVID-19 has affected almost every aspect of society including freshwater fisheries fieldwork. Our study quantified the effects of the pandemic on fisheries fieldwork in the United States. We administered a survey to fisheries chiefs in all 50 states to assess the pandemic’s impact on fisheries fieldwork. Of the 37 participants, 91% reported the pandemic affected their fieldwork and 92% adapted their sampling methods in response to the pandemic. Common adaptation strategies included using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE; 100%), practicing social distancing (97%), using smaller crews (82%), and developing contingency plans (51%). Based on the survey results, we identified potential challenges to adaptations and offered strategies to improve them. Strategies we identified include adopting novel data collection techniques, finding new positions for temporary employees, and publicly sharing contingency plans. Ultimately, this paper offers novel guidance on how fisheries professionals can best move forward with fieldwork during a time of crisis.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10636","usgsCitation":"Tracy, E.E., Teal, C., Ingram, S., Jenney, C.J., Grant, J., and Bonar, S.A., 2021, The impact of COVID-19 on freshwater fisheries fieldwork and data collection: Fisheries Magazine, v. 46, no. 10, p. 505-511, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10636.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"511","ipdsId":"IP-125483","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10636","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tracy, E. E","contributorId":288203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tracy","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teal, Chad N.","contributorId":288198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teal","given":"Chad N.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingram, Steven J.","contributorId":288205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingram","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenney, Christopher J.","contributorId":288206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenney","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, Joshua D.","contributorId":288304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Joshua D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236807,"text":"70236807 - 2021 - Geophysical constraints on the crustal architecture of the transtensional Warm Springs Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, western Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T13:29:33.570798","indexId":"70236807","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:24:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical constraints on the crustal architecture of the transtensional Warm Springs Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, western Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"The Walker Lane is a zone of distributed transtension where normal faults are overprinted by strike-slip motion. We use two newly-acquired high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and a reprocessed Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) deep crustal reflection profile to assess the subsurface geometry of the Holocene-active, transtensional Warm Springs Valley fault zone (WSVFZ) near Reno, Nevada, USA. Our multi-scale observations extend to 12 km depth and suggest that the WSVFZ is more complex in the subsurface than implied by late Pleistocene surface fault traces. Two ~4-km-long high-resolution profiles image to a depth of ~2 km and reveal moderately dipping reflections and truncations, some of which project to mapped scarps formed in late Pleistocene surfaces. The shallow lines are co-located with COCORP profile NV 08 along ~40° N latitude. Re-analysis of the COCORP data reveals previously unidentified coherent reflections to a depth of ~12 km and a previously mapped ~30 west-dipping fault at 8-12 km. From these seismic profiles, the WSVFZ is not a simple, sub-vertical fault zone extending through the entire seismogenic crust. Instead, the reflections are consistent with a zone of steep- and moderately-dipping faults that simplify and steepen with depth before intersecting a mid-crustal, low angle (~25-30°) fault. The complex fault geometry of the WSVFZ implies that crustal shear is accommodated by a mix of dipping and subvertical faults in the transtensional northern Walker Lane. If so, transtensional fault zones may present challenges to paleoseismic and geodetic studies and require careful treatment when included in seismic hazard analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JB020757","usgsCitation":"Briggs, R.W., Stephenson, W.J., McBride, J., Odum, J., Reitman, N.G., and Gold, R.D., 2021, Geophysical constraints on the crustal architecture of the transtensional Warm Springs Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, western Nevada, USA: JGR Solid Earth, v. 126, no. 10, e2020JB020757, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020757.","productDescription":"e2020JB020757, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133139","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lane, Warm Springs Valley fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 39.620499321968104\n ],\n [\n -119.25933837890624,\n 39.620499321968104\n ],\n [\n -119.25933837890624,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 39.620499321968104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":296695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[{"id":64143,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reitman, Nadine G. 0000-0002-6730-2682 nreitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-2682","contributorId":5816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitman","given":"Nadine","email":"nreitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70225608,"text":"70225608 - 2021 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in Columbia County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:48:33.308605","indexId":"70225608","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T08:15:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5959,"text":"Wisconsin Geological and NaturalHistory Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in Columbia County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report describes the regional hydrogeology and groundwater resources of Columbia County, Wisconsin, and documents a regional groundwater flow model developed for the county. Regional hydrostratigraphic units include the unlithified aquifer, the upper bedrock aquifer, and the Elk Mound aquifer.\n\nThe unlithified aquifer consists of deposits that range in composition from sand and gravel outwash and stream deposits to silty, sandy till. This aquifer is less than 25 ft thick in much of eastern Columbia County, but consists of permeable sand and gravel extending to over 250 ft in depth in the Wisconsin River valley bottom. \n\nThe upper bedrock aquifer consists of Ordovician and upper Cambrian sedimentary formations, including sandstone, siltstone and dolomitic strata. The upper bedrock aquifer underlies the unlithified aquifer in eastern portions of the County, but is absent to the west, where these formations are largely eroded. The contact between the Tunnel City Group and Wonewoc Formation (Top of Elk Mound Group) forms the base of the upper bedrock aquifer. Bedding plane fractures are common to this aquifer, although only a portion of the observed fractures appear to be hydraulically active. The upper bedrock aquifer is a significant source of groundwater at a regional scale. Measurements of hydraulic head showed a difference of several feet across the bottom of this aquifer to the underlying Wonewoc sandstone, indicating that the basal facies of the Tunnel City Group functions as an aquitard separating the upper bedrock aquifer from the Elk Mound aquifer. Conditions vary considerably within this aquifer, depending on the local lithostratigraphy. For example, where present, the St. Lawrence Fm. and fine-grained intervals of the Tunnel City Group may be locally-extensive aquitards. \nThe Elk Mound aquifer consists of Cambrian sandstone of the Wonewoc, Eau Claire, and Mount Simon Formations. It is thin to absent in several locations but ranges up to 600 ft in thickness over much of southern Columbia County. The variation in thickness is due in large part to the irregular topography of the underlying Precambrian crystalline rock, which generally serves as the base of the groundwater system. In neighboring counties, a fine-grained facies within the Eau Claire Fm. acts as a regionally extensive aquitard, referred to as the Eau Claire aquitard. Much of the data collected and compiled for this study suggest that shale or dolomite within the Eau Claire Fm., which is the equivalent of the Eau Claire aquitard, occurs only within southwestern Columbia County. There is little to no evidence of the Eau Claire aquitard over most of the county. Where the dolomite and shale are absent, the Elk Mound aquifer is relatively homogenous and does not include a mappable aquitard. \nA three-dimensional steady-state flow model presented here represents long-term, average conditions in the regional groundwater system since about 1970. The model was constructed with the U.S. Geological Survey’s MODFLOW-NWT code; it has six layers with a uniform grid of 300 ft x 300 ft cells. Layers 1 and 2 simulate the unlithified aquifer and layer 3 represents the upper bedrock aquifer. The Elk Mound aquifer is simulated by layers 4, 5 and 6, representing the Wonewoc, Eau Claire, and Mount Simon Formations, respectively. The model extends beyond the boundaries of Columbia County to ensure that hydrologic conditions simulated within the County are consistent with regional conditions. \nRecharge to the groundwater flow model is based on results from a GIS-based soil-water-balance model. Recharge was simulated with the unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package in MODFLOW. This approach is particularly useful for quantifying groundwater discharge to riparian wetlands because UZF tracks recharge that would lead to the simulated water table exceeding the land surface (represented by the top of model layer 1) and reroutes it to nearby stream segments. The model includes pumping from 256 wells, and 178 of these are located within Columbia County. Pumping totaled about 28 million gallons per day (mgd) on average since 1970, with 7.2 mgd of the withdrawal from within the County. Model calibration was performed with the PEST parameter estimation code. Calibration targets included approximately 3,900 head measurements and 91 stream flow measurements. Four vertical-head differences across hydrogeologic units, calculated from data collected during packer testing in wells in Columbia County, were also used in model calibration. \n\nResults from the calibrated model provide a groundwater balance for the region. About 83 percent of groundwater originates as recharge to the water table, 12 percent comes from leakage from streams, and about 5 percent of the groundwater flows into the model domain from surrounding areas. About 95 percent of the simulated groundwater discharges to steams and other surface water features, about 3 percent flows across model boundaries to surrounding areas of the groundwater system, and pumping accounts for 2 percent of discharge. Simulated flow paths are relatively local, from recharge in upland areas to discharge in nearby streams and wetlands. \n\nThe model has many potential applications, including simulation of the effects of existing or proposed high-capacity wells, estimating the zone of contribution for these wells, and understanding relationships between surface water and groundwater. Future refinements to the model, such as incorporating new information about the extent and hydraulic characteristics of the Tunnel City Group, will improve its utility in understanding advective flow between the upper bedrock and Elk Mound aquifers. If seasonal or annual variations in the groundwater system are of interest, this steady-state model could be brought into a transient mode.","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Gotkowitz, M., Leaf, A.T., and Sellwood, S.M., 2021, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in Columbia County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and NaturalHistory Survey Bulletin, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101440","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391000,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/catalog/publication/000985"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotkowitz, Madeline","contributorId":268135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gotkowitz","given":"Madeline","affiliations":[{"id":39043,"text":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leaf, Andrew T. 0000-0001-8784-4924 aleaf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-4924","contributorId":5156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leaf","given":"Andrew","email":"aleaf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sellwood, Steven M.","contributorId":268136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sellwood","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":55571,"text":"TRC Companies, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70224991,"text":"70224991 - 2021 - Mercury isotope fractionation by internal demethylation and biomineralization reactions in seabirds: Implications for environmental mercury science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T16:05:38.186343","indexId":"70224991","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T06:57:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury isotope fractionation by internal demethylation and biomineralization reactions in seabirds: Implications for environmental mercury science","docAbstract":"A prerequisite for environmental and toxicological applications of mercury (Hg) stable isotopes in wildlife and humans is quantifying the isotopic fractionation of biological reactions. Here, we measured stable Hg isotope values of relevant tissues of giant petrels (Macronectes spp.). Isotopic data were interpreted with published HR-XANES spectroscopic data that document a stepwise transformation of methylmercury (MeHg) to Hg-tetraselenolate (Hg(Sec)4) and mercury selenide (HgSe) (Sec = selenocysteine). By mathematical inversion of isotopic and spectroscopic data, identical δ202Hg values for MeHg (2.69 ± 0.04‰), Hg(Sec)4 (−1.37 ± 0.06‰), and HgSe (0.18 ± 0.02‰) were determined in 23 tissues of eight birds from the Kerguelen Islands and Adélie Land (Antarctica). Isotopic differences in δ202Hg between MeHg and Hg(Sec)4 (−4.1 ± 0.1‰) reflect mass-dependent fractionation from a kinetic isotope effect due to the MeHg → Hg(Sec)4 demethylation reaction. Surprisingly, Hg(Sec)4 and HgSe differed isotopically in δ202Hg (+1.6 ± 0.1‰) and mass-independent anomalies (i.e., changes in Δ199Hg of ≤0.3‰), consistent with equilibrium isotope effects of mass-dependent and nuclear volume fractionation from Hg(Sec)4 → HgSe biomineralization. The invariance of species-specific δ202Hg values across tissues and individual birds reflects the kinetic lability of Hg-ligand bonds and tissue-specific redistribution of MeHg and inorganic Hg, likely as Hg(Sec)4. These observations provide fundamental information necessary to improve the interpretation of stable Hg isotope data and provoke a revisitation of processes governing isotopic fractionation in biota and toxicological risk assessment in wildlife.
The Taishanmiao granitic batholith, located in the Eastern Qinling Orogen in Henan Province, China, contains numerous small (mostly tens of centimeters in maximum dimension) bodies exhibiting textures and mineralogy characteristics of simple quartz and alkali feldspar pegmatites. Analysis of melt inclusions (MI) and fluid inclusions (FI) in pegmatitic quartz, combined with Rhyolite-MELTS modeling of the crystallization of the granite, have been applied to develop a conceptual model of the physical and geochemical processes associated with the formation of the pegmatites. These results allow us to consider the formation of the Taishanmiao pegmatites within the context of varios models that have been proposed for pegmatite formation.
Field observations and geochemical data indicate that the pegmatites represent the latest stage in the crystallization of the Taishanmiao granite and occupy ≤4 vol% of the syenogranite phase of the batholith. Results of Rhyolite-MELTS modeling suggest that the pegmatite-forming melts can be produced through continuous fractional crystallization of the Taishanmiao granitic magma, consistent with the designation of the pegmatites as a miarolitic class, segregation-type pegmatites rather than the more common intrusive-type of pegmatite. The mineral assemblage predicted by Rhyolite-MELTS after ~96% of the original granite-forming melt had crystallized consists of ~51 vol% alkali feldspar, 34 vol% quartz, 14 vol% plagioclase, 0.1 vol% biotite, and 1 vol% magnetite, similar to the alkali feldspar + quartz dominated mineralogy of the pegmatites. Moreover, the modeled residual melt composition following crystallization of ~96% of the original melt is similar to the composition of homogenized MI in quartz within the pegmatite. Rhyolite-MELTS predicts that the granite-forming melt remained volatile-undersaturated during crystallization of the batholith and contained ~6.3 wt% H2O and ~500 ppm CO2 after ~96% crystallization when the pegmatites began to develop. The Rhyolite-MELTS prediction that the melt was volatile-undersaturated at the time the pegmatites began to form, but became volatile-saturated during the early stages of pegmatite formation, is consistent with the presence of some inclusion assemblages consisting of only MI, while others contain co-existing MI and FI. The relationship between halogen (F and Cl) and Na abundances in MI is also consistent with the interpretation that the very earliest stages of pegmatite formation occurred in the presence of a volatile-undersaturated melt and that the melt became volatile saturated as crystallization progressed.
We propose a closed system, isochoric model for the formation of the pegmatites. Accordingly, the Taishanmiao granite crystallized isobarically at ~3.3 kbar, and the pegmatites began to form at ~734 °C and ~ 3.3 kbar, after ~96% of the original granitic melt had crystallized. During the final stages of crystallization of the granite, small pockets of the remaining residual melt became isolated within the enclosing granite and evolved as constant mass (closed), constant volume (isochoric) systems, similar to the manner in which volatile-rich melt inclusions in igneous phenocrysts evolve during post-entrapment crystallization under isochoric conditions. As a result of the negative volume change associated with crystallization, pressure in the pegmatite initially decreases as crystals form, and this leads to volatile exsolution from the melt phase. The changing PTX conditions produce a pressure-induced “liquidus deficit” that is analogous to liquidus undercooling and results in crystal growth as required to return the system to equilibrium PTX conditions. Owing to the complex closed system, isochoric PVTX evolution of the melt-crystal-volatile system, the pressure does not decrease rapidly or monotonically during pegmatite formation but, rather, gradually fluctuates such that at some stages in the evolution of the pegmatite the pressure is decreasing while at other times the pressure increases as the system cools to maintain mass and volume balance. This behavior, in turn, leads to alternating episodes of precipitation and dissolution that serve to coarsen (ripen) the crystals to produce the pegmatitic texture. The evolution of the pegmatitic melt described here is analogous to that which has been well-documented to occur in volatile-rich MI that undergo closed system, isochoric, post-entrapment crystallization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2021-7637","usgsCitation":"Yuan, Y., Moore, L., McAleer, R.J., Yuan, S., Ouyang, H., Belkin, H.E., Mao, J., Sublett, M.D., and Bodnar, R., 2021, Formation of miarolitic-class, segregation-type pegmatites in the Taishanmiao batholith, China: The role of pressure fluctuations and volatile exsolution during pegmatite formation in a closed, isochoric system: American Mineralogist, v. 106, no. 10, p. 1559-1573, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7637.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1559","endPage":"1573","ipdsId":"IP-119402","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111949","text":"External 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• Public programs, strategies, and incentives to implement rangeland climate adaptation are more effective if they are tailored to local drought exposures, sensitivities, and adaptation opportunities. As such, local rangeland advisers who aid in climate adaptation are pivotal to the development of these resources.
• We hosted a virtual workshop with rangeland advisors to share results from our climate vulnerability assessment, gain their insight on finding usability, and discuss visions for resource creation.
• Climate adaptation resources should not follow a one-size-fits-all approach. Accommodating variety in resource development and outreach must consider multiple factors: variation in the ranching community, instability in the environment beyond climate, and rancher/manager identified variables in climate vulnerability assessment analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rala.2021.08.004","usgsCitation":"Dinan, M., Adler, P.B., Bradford, J., Brunson, M., Elias, E., Felton, A., Greene, C., James, J.J., Suding, K., and Thacker, E., 2021, Making research relevant: Sharing climate change research with rangeland advisors to transform results into drought resilience: Rangelands, v. 43, no. 5, p. 185-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2021.08.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-133021","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2021.08.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 25.24469595130604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinan, Maude","contributorId":268203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinan","given":"Maude","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55592,"text":"USDA Southwest Climate Hub, Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. 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Bartram’s Bass have been functionally extirpated from reservoirs, and hybrid individuals have been detected in several tributaries. However, the extent of introgression in tributaries is currently unknown. Our objectives were to (1) assess the distribution of Bartram’s Bass, native Largemouth Bass M. salmoides, invasive Alabama Bass, and their hybrids in streams of the upper Savannah River basin and (2) quantify effects of abiotic variables on the distribution of each species. We sampled 154 locations in 2017 and 2018 and assigned genetic identity using hydrolysis probes and microsatellites. We used conditional inference trees to quantify variables affecting the occurrence of each species and hybrids. We observed widespread hybridization across the basin. Pure Bartram’s Bass were collected at 27% (42) of sites, among which only 12 sites contained pure Bartram’s Bass and no other congeners. Thirty sites where pure Bartram’s Bass were collected contained hybrids. In the montane Blue Ridge ecoregion, occurrence of pure Bartram’s Bass was negatively affected by low levels of local-scale developed land cover. In the lower-relief Piedmont ecoregion, pure Bartram’s Bass were positively associated with watershed-scale forest land cover and stream gradient. Distance from a reservoir was positively associated with occurrence of pure Bartram’s Bass in both ecoregions. Pure Bartram’s Bass are likely to occur with high probability in only 16% of nonimpounded stream segments; this represents a conservative estimate, and the true number is likely lower. However, future work accounting for incomplete detection of Bartram’s Bass will help to improve confidence in true extirpations. Conservation efforts may be more successful if implemented on stream segments farther from reservoirs or upstream of dispersal barriers preventing colonization of Alabama Bass.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10637","usgsCitation":"Peoples, B., Judson, E., Darden, T.L., Farrae, D.J., Kubach, K., Leitner, J., and Scott, M.C., 2021, Modeling distribution of endemic Bartram’s Bass Micropterus sp. cf. coosae: Disturbance and proximity to invasion source increase hybridization with invasive Alabama Bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10637.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1309","endPage":"1321","ipdsId":"IP-152697","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Kevin","contributorId":341212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubach","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35670,"text":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leitner, Jean","contributorId":177201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leitner","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":910836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, Mark C.","contributorId":341033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70224620,"text":"sir20215065 - 2021 - Conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer system with simulation of drought stress on groundwater availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T12:09:28.489755","indexId":"sir20215065","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-30T21:14:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5065","displayTitle":"Conceptual and Numerical Groundwater Flow Model of the Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer System with Simulation of Drought Stress on Groundwater Availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013","title":"Conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer system with simulation of drought stress on groundwater availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013","docAbstract":"Between July 2011 and February 2013, the City of Cedar Rapids observed water level declines in their horizontal collector wells approaching 11 meters. As a result, pumping from these production wells had to be halted, and questions were raised about the reliability of the alluvial aquifer under future drought conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, completed a study to better understand the effects of drought stress on the Cedar River alluvial aquifer using a numerical groundwater flow model. Previously published groundwater flow models were combined with newly collected airborne, waterborne, down-hole, and land-based geophysical survey data and provided a detailed three-dimensional lithologic model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer and surrounding area. An improved conceptual model for the groundwater flow system and a lithologic model were used to build and inform a numerical groundwater flow model capable of simulating water levels observed in the City of Cedar Rapids horizontal collector wells during the 2012 drought. Model performance was assessed primarily on the ability of the model to simulate water table elevation at six monitoring wells. Statistical tests were used to assess the numerical model during the calibration period, and results varied from satisfactory to unsatisfactory, likely because of stage changes in the Cedar River and production well withdrawal rates near monitoring wells. Simulated water levels during the 2012 drought indicated a depression near the horizontal collector wells, although simulated elevations at these locations and at monitoring wells were generally overestimated compared to measured values. The numerical groundwater flow model was modified to account for a decrease in seepage rate caused by low flow in the Cedar River and increased production. With seepage rate modification, model results improved; the simulated water table elevations were like those observed in horizontal collector and monitoring wells. Results demonstrated the ability of the model to simulate water levels observed in the horizontal collector wells during the 2012 drought when accounting for a decrease in infiltration from the Cedar River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids","usgsCitation":"Haj, A.E., Ha, W.S., Gruhn, L.R., Bristow, E.L., Gahala, A.M., Valder, J.F., Johnson, C.D., White, E.A., and Sterner, S.P., 2021, Conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer system with simulation of drought stress on groundwater availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5065, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215065.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 59 p.; Appendix; 3 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118762","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5065/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5065/sir20215065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5065"},{"id":390069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BS882S","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and inverted resistivity models, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, May 2017"},{"id":390070,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96CF4L5","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used to simulate groundwater levels in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer near Cedar Rapids, Iowa"},{"id":390071,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YXJDHX","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geophysical data collected in the Cedar River floodplain, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2015–2017"},{"id":390072,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5065/sir20215065_appendix.pdf","text":"Poster","size":"3.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5065 Appendix","linkHelpText":"— Geophysical methods used to better characterize surface water, alluvial aquifer, and bedrock aquifer interaction in the Cedar River Valley, Iowa"},{"id":390073,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5065/sir20215065.xml","size":"367 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2021–5065 xml"},{"id":390074,"rank":9,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5065/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.76759719848633,\n 41.99139471889533\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 41.99139471889533\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 42.03565184193029\n ],\n [\n -91.76759719848633,\n 42.03565184193029\n ],\n [\n -91.76759719848633,\n 41.99139471889533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The challenges associated with field measurements of turbidity are well known and result primarily from differences in reported values that depend on instrument design and the resulting need for reporting units that are specific to those designs. A critical challenge for making comparable turbidity measurements is the selection and use of appropriate turbidity standards for sensor calibration. The accepted primary standards for turbidity measurements use formazin made from scratch; all others should relate back to readings obtained using standard formazin. However, because turbidity is a qualitative property of water, comparing standards is not as simple as it is for many chemical measurements. The U.S. Geological Survey “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” currently allows for the use of two standards, formazin and polymer beads, for the calibration of field turbidimeters. Another challenge for making comparable turbidity measurements is selection of turbidity sensors. A turbidity sensor commonly used in the U.S. Geological Survey, the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) 6136, has been replaced by the manufacturer with the YSI EXO turbidity sensor. Both sensors operate on the same principles but have slight design differences that result in readings that are not directly comparable on a 1:1 basis.
Differences in calibration standards and sensors are a cause of concern in ongoing studies that require switching calibration standards or sensor types, and for comparisons of data collected with sensors calibrated by using different calibration standards, different sensor types, or both. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of two YSI turbidity sensors in both formazin-based standards (StablCal) and polymer turbidity standards (in this case YSI brand; however, other brands are available) and to compare the performance of the YSI EXO and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors under similar laboratory and environmental (field) conditions. To quantify these differences, a series of laboratory and field side-by-side comparisons were conducted. Nine field comparisons of YSI EXO and YSI 6136 sensors were performed at site locations in Kansas and Virginia. Two field comparisons of StablCal and polymer calibration standards were performed in Kansas, both using YSI EXO turbidity sensors. Five laboratory comparisons between the YSI EXO and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors were performed, and seven laboratory comparisons between StablCal and polymer turbidity standards were performed using YSI EXO turbidity sensors. The results can help the USGS and others better understand how turbidity data can differ depending on the sensors and calibration standards used.
Key findings and conclusions include the following—
Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
A U.S. Geological Survey-led assessment of data gaps and science needs across the Great Lakes ecosystem indicated the following:
• Expanded data collection or monitoring would provide basic ecosystem, social, and public health data to manage the Great Lakes system and to develop and test models and decision support tools.
• New science and advanced technologies (for example, sensors and high-performance computing capability) would improve the understanding of critical threats, such as harmful algae blooms and high-water levels.
Although there is significant scientific knowledge in specific areas or for specific topics, managers could use improved models and decision support tools, strengthened by extensive data collection and developed at multiple scales, to better inform decision making in the future. Enhanced coordination of agency efforts and associated data collection across data types (for example, prey fish populations and water levels) is needed to effectively manage the Great Lakes.
This report highlights the data gaps; benefits of better, more structured coordination; and areas of concern specifically related to data collection/measurement and science efforts. It summarizes and analyzes stakeholder feedback and information from review of scientific literature. Finally, the report outlines steps necessary to create an integrated Great Lakes science plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211096","usgsCitation":"Carl, L.M., Hortness, J.E., and Strach, R.M., 2021, U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Forum—Summary of remaining data and science needs and next steps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1096, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211096.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133589","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390007,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/ofr20211096.xml","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021–1096 xml"},{"id":390006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/ofr20211096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"655 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1096"},{"id":390005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Midwest Regional Director’s Office
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46278
Stocking of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss commonly provides seasonal or mitigation fisheries; however, these fish are usually small and ecosystem effects are spatially or temporally limited. Yet agencies receive requests to stock Rainbow Trout in relatively natural settings (i.e., not tailwater or mitigation fisheries), where introductions may have greater ecosystem consequences. The size of introduced fish is an important factor in determining biotic interactions with native species; therefore, our objectives were to assess the seasonal feeding ecology and microhabitat use of large (265–530 mm TL) nonnative Emmerson strain Rainbow Trout in a relatively unaltered, groundwater-influenced, warmwater stream of the Ozark Highlands. Rainbow Trout consumed a variety of prey; however, diets differed between cool (winter and spring) and warm (summer) seasons. Cool-season Rainbow Trout exhibited a mixed feeding strategy, with individual specialization on crayfishes and fishes and generalist feeding on Ephemeroptera and Diptera, but Gastropoda were the dominant prey. Feeding strategy in the warm season switched to individual specialization on numerous prey types. Overall, larger prey resources were important components of Rainbow Trout diets. Piscivory was relatively high in both seasons, and crayfishes were one of the most important prey types across seasons. Selection of coarse substrates and deeper-water microhabitats (>0.95 m) was similar between seasons. Rainbow Trout selected the lowest-velocity microhabitats available during the warm season and moderate velocities in the cool season. Rainbow Trout were five times more likely to be associated with cover in the warm season. Due to their higher temperature tolerance, Emmerson strain Rainbow Trout may persist in Ozark Highland streams, where they disrupt local food webs and occupy habitat otherwise selected by native fish, such as Neosho Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu velox. If native species conservation is a priority for agencies, then caution regarding Rainbow Trout stockings may be warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10694","usgsCitation":"Rodger, A.W., Wolf, S.L., Starks, T.A., Burroughs, J.P., and Brewer, S.K., 2021, Seasonal diet and habitat use of large, introduced Rainbow Trout in an Ozark Highland stream: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1764-1780, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10694.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1764","endPage":"1780","ipdsId":"IP-129494","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Spavinaw Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.13336181640625,\n 36.22987352301491\n ],\n [\n -94.37393188476562,\n 36.22987352301491\n ],\n [\n -94.37393188476562,\n 36.46657630040234\n ],\n [\n -95.13336181640625,\n 36.46657630040234\n ],\n [\n -95.13336181640625,\n 36.22987352301491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodger, A. W.","contributorId":288610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, S. L.","contributorId":288613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starks, T. A.","contributorId":288616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starks","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burroughs, J. P.","contributorId":288619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burroughs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229778,"text":"70229778 - 2021 - Livestock grazing, climatic variation, and breeding phenology jointly shape disease dynamics and survival in a wild amphibian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T16:05:37.252377","indexId":"70229778","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-30T10:49:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Livestock grazing, climatic variation, and breeding phenology jointly shape disease dynamics and survival in a wild amphibian","docAbstract":"Wildlife responses to infectious disease can be influenced by environmental stressors that alter host-pathogen dynamics. We investigated how livestock grazing, climatic variation, and breeding phenology influence disease prevalence and annual survival in boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) populations challenged with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen implicated in global amphibian declines. We conducted a five-year (2015–2019) capture-recapture study of boreal toads (n = 1301) inhabiting pastures grazed by cattle in western Wyoming, USA. We employed structural equation models to determine whether the effects of climatic variation on Bd prevalence were direct or mediated through effects on breeding phenology and multi-state models to explore the interplay of grazing, weather, and Bd infection on adult survival. Higher winter snowpack was linked with shorter spring breeding seasons, which were associated with lower Bd prevalence. Boreal toads infected with Bd suffered increased mortality, but only at relatively cool temperatures. Although cattle grazing created warmer microclimates, likely by reducing vegetation cover, grazing-induced habitat changes did not scale up to influence adult survival. Our results suggest that boreal toads in cooler environments face increased risk of disease-induced mortality, possibly because infected individuals are not able to elevate body temperature to reduce or clear infection. More generally, we demonstrate that host-pathogen dynamics can be shaped jointly by independent and interactive effects of livestock grazing, breeding season length, and climatic variation. Future investigations of wildlife responses to disease therefore may benefit from considering anthropogenic land use and climatic regimes, including the effect of weather on host phenology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109247","usgsCitation":"Barrile, G., Walters, A.W., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2021, Livestock grazing, climatic variation, and breeding phenology jointly shape disease dynamics and survival in a wild amphibian: Biological Conservation, v. 261, 109247, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109247.","productDescription":"109247, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127277","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109247","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming Range, Buck Creek,Chall Creek, Wind River Range, Lower Gypsum Creek , Upper Gypsum Creek;","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 42.73289174571287\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 42.73289174571287\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 43.375108633273086\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 43.375108633273086\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 42.73289174571287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"261","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrile, Gabriel M.","contributorId":288734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrile","given":"Gabriel M.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229775,"text":"70229775 - 2021 - Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T15:52:28.120247","indexId":"70229775","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-30T10:39:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis)","title":"Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis)","docAbstract":"Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) rearing in lakes and reservoirs above dams have been known to become heavily infected with an ectoparasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis). Little is known about the factors that affect the parasite infection prevalence and intensity. However, previous research suggests that the parasite may negatively affect the fitness and survival of the host fish. The effect of water temperature, confinement and the density of the free-swimming infectious stage of S. californiensis, the copepodid, on infection prevalence and intensity was evaluated by experimentally exposing juvenile Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha). Infection rates observed in wild populations were achieved under warm water (15–16°C) and high copepodid density (150–300/L) treatment conditions. Infection prevalence and intensity were also significantly higher in larger fish. During the infection experiment, 4.5% of infected fish died within 54 days with mortality significantly related to copepod infection intensity. The potential for autoinfection was compared to cross-infection by cohabitation of infected fish with naïve fish. Previously infected fish had significantly greater infection intensity compared with naïve fish, indicating that infected fish can be reinfected and that they may be more susceptible than naïve fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.13450","usgsCitation":"Neal, T., Kent, M., Sanders, J., Schreck, C., and Peterson, J., 2021, Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1423-1434, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13450.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1423","endPage":"1434","ipdsId":"IP-127527","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes region, Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.5345458984375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -82.9742431640625,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -82.9742431640625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -83.5345458984375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -83.5345458984375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.3258056640625,\n 43.09697190802465\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 43.09697190802465\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -83.3258056640625,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -83.3258056640625,\n 43.09697190802465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -83.6993408203125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -83.6993408203125,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Travis","contributorId":341105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neal","given":"Travis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":288715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, Justin","contributorId":288718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B.","contributorId":288720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl B.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239438,"text":"70239438 - 2021 - Intelligent monitoring system for real-time geologic storage, optimization, and reservoir management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-28T15:39:15.900396","indexId":"70239438","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-30T10:36:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"DOE-USGS-FE0026517-1","title":"Intelligent monitoring system for real-time geologic storage, optimization, and reservoir management","docAbstract":"The objective of the subtask was to develop a near-real-time monitoring system for seismic data at the Decatur, IL, geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) site and specifically include fiber-optic cable derived distributed acoustic signal (DAS) data in the process. Owing to the large volumes of data, we opted to utilize existing deep borehole conventional seismic sensors for detection and pull DAS and shallow borehole seismic data once a detection has been made. Unfortunately, the horizontal fiber-optic cables did not yield microseismic signals for use in locating events near the GCS site. Various stacking and filtering approaches were tested without any coherent detection becoming apparent. We attribute the insensitivity to local microseismic events to a lack of coupling in downhole, vertical cable and the non-ideal alignment of the horizontal fiber-optic cable to the vertically polarized seismic energy. Despite the inability to detect and utilize the DAS data from the fiber-optic cables, we developed a general processing framework that enables easy adaptation for future deployment of fiber-optic cables with better suited alignment at Decatur or elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Energy","doi":"10.2172/1834620","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., 2021, Intelligent monitoring system for real-time geologic storage, optimization, and reservoir management: Technical Report DOE-USGS-FE0026517-1, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/1834620.","productDescription":"24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132449","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1834620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":427218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232197,"text":"70232197 - 2021 - Evaluating the role of active management in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for songbird conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T15:41:33.151946","indexId":"70232197","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-30T10:32:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluating the role of active management in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for songbird conservation","title":"Evaluating the role of active management in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for songbird conservation","docAbstract":"Forest birds, particularly those associated with late-successional forests, are of widespread conservation interest. Although birds are among the more widely studied taxa of forest wildlife, relatively few studies have examined the long-term effects of active management (i.e., intentional stand density reduction) on the forest bird assemblage. This is an important omission, as changes in stand structure and composition over the decades following harvesting may influence wildlife utilization of forest stands. We developed an observational study to evaluate forest bird response to stand structural development multiple decades following harvesting with differing levels of overstory density reduction, and in unmanaged stands. We focused, in particular, on songbirds and cavity excavating species associated with old-growth Douglas-fir forests, and the active management strategies that we examined – thinning and structural retention harvesting – were selected based on their potential to accelerate stand structural development. Our 18 mature stands (age range: 107–187 years) were located in the western hemlock zone of western Oregon, and bird surveys were conducted an average of 41 years and 22 years post-harvest in thinned and retention harvest stands, respectively. Poisson generalized linear models were formulated to evaluate the effects of management condition on forest birds. Although five species were associated with specific management conditions, relative abundance was not statistically different between unmanaged, thinned and retention harvest stands for a majority of the species in our analysis. Species richness was also relatively invariant across management conditions. Our results do suggest that retention harvesting adversely affects some songbird species associated with old-growth forests – Pacific-slope flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) and Pacific wren (Troglodytes pacificus) for example - but our findings also indicate that retention harvesting has long-term benefits for birds associated with early-successional forests. This includes migrant species that have experienced significant population declines in Western North America over recent decades, such as Wilson’s and MacGillivray’s warblers (Cardellina pusilla and Geothlypis tolmiei, respectively). Overall, our results imply that for many species of forest birds, including those associated with old-growth forests, managers have some flexibility in overstory density management where long-term species persistence is an objective. Equally significant, our results provide strong support for the application of variable retention harvesting as a tool for the conservation of bird species associated with early-successional forests, while also reinforcing the value of mature structural legacies for bird species associated with late-successional forests. While also reinforcing the value of mature structural legacies for birds associated with late-successional forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119609","usgsCitation":"Williams, N., Hagar, J., and Powers, M., 2021, Evaluating the role of active management in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for songbird conservation: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 502, 119609, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119609.","productDescription":"119609, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126150","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119609","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"502","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Neil","contributorId":292425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62230,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Matthew","contributorId":202554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":36477,"text":"Department of Forest Engineering Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. matthew.powers@oregonstate.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}