{"pageNumber":"454","pageRowStart":"11325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16504,"records":[{"id":70185450,"text":"70185450 - 1993 - Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T10:52:48","indexId":"70185450","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5325,"text":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Advances in our understanding of the fate and transport of bacteria introduced into aquifers, including the potential use of genetically engineered bacteria for biorestoration, are highlighted by new findings in the following areas: modeling of bacterial attachment during transport through porous media, the long-term survival of a chlorobenzoate-degrading bacterium injected into a contaminated sandy aquifer, and molecular techniques that may be used in tracking genetically engineered bacteria in groundwater environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0958-1669(93)90101-2","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., 1993, Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers: Current Opinion in Biotechnology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 312-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(93)90101-2.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"312","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185753,"text":"70185753 - 1993 - Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:11:02","indexId":"70185753","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface waters draining three different volcanoes in Costa Rica, ranging from dormant to moderately active to explosive, have a wide range of solute compositions that partly reflects the contribution of different types of solute-rich, geothermal waters. Three major physical transport vectors affect flows of geothermally derived solutes: thermally driven convection of volcanic gases and geothermal fluids; lateral and gravity-driven downward transport of geothermal fluids; and wind dispersion of ash, gases, and acid rain. Specific vector combinations interact to determine landscape patterns in solute chemistry and biota: indicator taxa of algae and bacteria reflect factors such as high temperature, wind-driven or hydrologically transported acidity, high concentrations of various solutes, and chemical precipitation reactions. Many streams receiving geothermally derived solutes have high levels of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (up to 400 </span><i>µ</i><span>g liter</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), a nutrient that is typically not measured in geochemical studies of geothermal waters. Regional differences in levels of SRP and other solutes among volcanoes were typically not significant due to high local variation in solute levels among geothermally modified streams and between geothermally modified and unmodified streams on each volcano. Geothermal activity along the volcanic spine of Costa Rica provides a natural source of phosphorus, silica, and other solutes and plays an important role in determining emergent landscape patterns in the solute chemistry of surface waters and aquatic biota.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","usgsCitation":"Pringle, C.M., Rowe, G.L., Triska, F.J., Fernandez, J.F., and West, J., 1993, Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 38, no. 4, p. 753-774, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"753","endPage":"774","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pringle, Catherine M.","contributorId":176292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Jose F.","contributorId":189977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"West, John","contributorId":189976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186688,"text":"70186688 - 1993 - Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T16:56:07.46528","indexId":"70186688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we investigate the feasibility of coupling regional climate models (RCMs) with landscape‐scale hydrologic models (LSHMs) for studies of the effects of climate on hydrologic systems. The RCM used is the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model (MM4). Output from two year‐round simulations (1983 and 1988) over the western United States is used to drive a lake model for Pyramid Lake in Nevada and a streamfiow model for Steamboat Creek in Oregon. Comparisons with observed data indicate that MM4 is able to produce meteorologic data sets that can be used to drive hydrologic models. Results from the lake model simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output produces reasonably good predictions of surface temperature and evaporation. Results from the streamflow simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output results in good simulations of the seasonal cycle of streamflow, but deficiencies in simulated wintertime precipitation resulted in underestimates of streamflow and soil moisture. Further work with climate (multiyear) simulations is necessary to achieve a complete analysis, but the results from this study indicate that coupling of LSHMs and RCMs may be a useful approach for evaluating the effects of climate change on hydrologic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00263","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1685-1695, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185755,"text":"70185755 - 1993 - Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:36:34","indexId":"70185755","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1268,"text":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface chemical effects on colloidal stability and transport through porous media were investigated using laboratory column techniques. Approximately 100 nm diameter, spherical, iron oxide particles were synthesized as the mobile colloidal phase. The column packing material was retrieved from a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA. Previous studies have indicated enhanced stability and transport of iron oxide particles due to specific adsorption of some inorganic anions on the iron oxide surface. This phenomenon was further evaluated with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Surfactants constitute a significant mass of the contaminant loading at the Cape Cod site and their presence may contribute to colloidal transport as a significant transport mechanism at the site. Other studies at the site have previously demonstrated the occurrence of this transport mechanism for iron phosphate particles. Photon correlation spectroscopy, micro-electrophoretic mobility, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate particle stability, mobility and size. Adsorption of negatively charged organic and inorganic species onto the surface of the iron oxide particles was shown to significantly enhance particle stability and transport through alterations of the electrokinetic properties of the particle surface. Particle breakthrough generally occurred simultaneously with tritiated water, a conservative tracer. The extent of particle breakthrough was primarily dependent upon colloidal stability and surface charge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7","usgsCitation":"Puls, R.W., Paul, C.J., and Clark, D.A., 1993, Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 73, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puls, Robert W.","contributorId":93814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puls","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Cynthia J.","contributorId":189978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Donald A.","contributorId":189979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127893,"text":"70127893 - 1993 - A spatial simulation model of hydrology and vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T11:35:15","indexId":"70127893","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T11:33:21","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial simulation model of hydrology and vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to construct a spatial simulation model of the vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands. A hydrologic submodel estimated water levels based on precipitation, runoff, and potential evapotranspiration. A vegetation submodel calculated the amount and distribution of emergent cover and open water using a geographic information system. The response of vegetation to water-level changes was based on seed bank composition, seedling recruitment and establishment, and plant survivorship. The model was developed and tested using data from the Cottonwood Lake study site in North Dakota. Data from semi-permanent wetland P1 were used to calibrate the model. Data from a second wetland, P4, were used to evaluate model performance. Simulation results were compared with actual water data from 1797 through 1989. Test results showed that differences between calculated and observed water levels were within 10 cm 75% of the time. Open water over the past decade ranged from 0 to 7% in wetland P4 and from 0 to 8% in submodel simulations. Several model parameters including evapotranspiration and timing of seedling germination could be improved with more complex techniques or relatively minor adjustments. Despite these differences the model adequately represented vegetation dynamics of prairie wetlands and can be used to examine wetland response to natural or human-induced climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.2307/1941831","usgsCitation":"Poiani, K.A., and Johnson, W., 1993, A spatial simulation model of hydrology and vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands: Ecological Applications, v. 3, no. 2, p. 279-293, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941831.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294795,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941831"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e691ee4b092f17df5a701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poiani, Karen A.","contributorId":86280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poiani","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":17548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185434,"text":"70185434 - 1993 - Sampling colloids and colloid-associated contaminants in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:54:16.97309","indexId":"70185434","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling colloids and colloid-associated contaminants in ground water","docAbstract":"<p>It has recently been recognized that mobile colloids may affect the transport of contaminants in ground water. To determine the significance of this process, knowledge of both the total mobile load (dissolved + colloid-associated) and the dissolved concentration of a ground-water contaminant must be obtained. Additional information regarding mobile colloid characteristics and concentrations are required to predict accurately the fate and effects of contaminants at sites where significant quantities of colloids are found. To obtain this information, a sampling scheme has been designed and refined to collect mobile colloids while avoiding the inclusion of normally immobile subsurface and well-derived solids. The effectiveness of this sampling protocol was evaluated at a number of contaminated and pristine sites.</p><p>The sampling results indicated that slow, prolonged pumping of ground water is much more effective at obtaining ground-water samples that represent in situ colloid populations than bailing. Bailed samples from a coal tar-contaminated site contained 10–100 times greater colloid concentrations and up to 750 times greater polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations as were detected in slowly pumped samples. The sampling results also indicated that ground-water colloid concentrations should be monitored in the field to determine the adequacy of purging if colloid and colloid-associated contaminants are of interest. To avoid changes in the natural ground-water colloid population through precipitation or coagulation, in situ ground-water chemistry conditions must be preserved during sampling and storage. Samples collected for determination of the total mobile load of colloids and low-solubility contaminants must not be filtered because some mobile colloids are removed by this process. Finally, suggestions that mobile colloids are present in ground water at any particular site should be corroborated with auxiliary data, such as colloid levels in “background” wells, colloid-size distributions, ground-water geochemistry, and colloid surface characteristics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01849.x","usgsCitation":"Backhus, D.A., Ryan, J.N., Groher, D.M., MacFarlane, J.K., and Gschwend, P.M., 1993, Sampling colloids and colloid-associated contaminants in ground water: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 3, p. 466-479, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01849.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.786994,41.655992],[-71.797683,41.416709],[-71.839649,41.412119],[-71.829595,41.344544],[-71.860513,41.320248],[-71.886302,41.33641],[-71.945652,41.337799],[-71.988153,41.320577],[-72.084487,41.319634],[-72.11182,41.299098],[-72.134221,41.299398],[-72.184122,41.323997],[-72.201422,41.315697],[-72.212924,41.291365],[-72.248161,41.299488],[-72.261487,41.282926],[-72.333894,41.282916],[-72.348643,41.277446],[-72.348068,41.269698],[-72.386629,41.261798],[-72.398688,41.278172],[-72.451925,41.278885],[-72.506634,41.260099],[-72.529416,41.264421],[-72.546833,41.250718],[-72.583336,41.271698],[-72.617237,41.271998],[-72.671673,41.267151],[-72.69547,41.244948],[-72.754444,41.266913],[-72.895445,41.243697],[-72.903045,41.252797],[-72.89637,41.263949],[-72.907962,41.282549],[-72.916827,41.282033],[-72.931887,41.261139],[-72.983751,41.235364],[-73.013465,41.205479],[-73.054947,41.208468],[-73.07761,41.195176],[-73.107987,41.168738],[-73.108352,41.153718],[-73.130253,41.146797],[-73.177774,41.166697],[-73.235058,41.143996],[-73.262358,41.117496],[-73.286759,41.127896],[-73.372296,41.10402],[-73.435063,41.056696],[-73.468239,41.051347],[-73.477364,41.035997],[-73.493327,41.048173],[-73.516903,41.038738],[-73.528866,41.016397],[-73.535338,41.03192],[-73.561968,41.016797],[-73.570068,41.001597],[-73.583968,41.000897],[-73.595699,41.015995],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.659972,40.968398],[-73.678073,40.962798],[-73.697974,40.939598],[-73.756776,40.912599],[-73.781338,40.885447],[-73.788786,40.858485],[-73.781206,40.838891],[-73.793785,40.855583],[-73.81281,40.846737],[-73.815574,40.835129],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.728275,40.8529],[-73.730675,40.8654],[-73.713674,40.870099],[-73.675573,40.856999],[-73.655872,40.863899],[-73.654372,40.878199],[-73.633771,40.898198],[-73.569969,40.915398],[-73.548068,40.908698],[-73.499941,40.918166],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-73.437509,40.934985],[-73.428836,40.921506],[-73.406074,40.920235],[-73.400862,40.953997],[-73.392862,40.955297],[-73.352761,40.926697],[-73.295061,40.924497],[-73.229285,40.905121],[-73.148994,40.928898],[-73.140785,40.966178],[-73.110368,40.971938],[-73.043701,40.962185],[-72.774104,40.965314],[-72.714425,40.985596],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.521548,41.037652],[-72.477306,41.052212],[-72.445242,41.086116],[-72.397,41.096307],[-72.356087,41.133635],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.238211,41.15949],[-72.253572,41.137138],[-72.300374,41.112274],[-72.306381,41.13784],[-72.32663,41.132162],[-72.335177,41.106917],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.280373,41.080402],[-72.283093,41.067874],[-72.260515,41.042065],[-72.229364,41.044355],[-72.190563,41.032579],[-72.153857,41.051859],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-72.083039,40.996453],[-72.076175,41.009093],[-72.051585,41.006437],[-72.047468,41.022565],[-71.96704,41.047772],[-71.959595,41.071237],[-71.93825,41.077413],[-71.857494,41.073558],[-71.87391,41.052278],[-72.469996,40.84274],[-72.863164,40.732962],[-73.054963,40.666371],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.306396,40.620756],[-73.319257,40.635795],[-73.562372,40.583703],[-73.774928,40.590759],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-73.935686,40.564914],[-73.95005,40.573363],[-74.00903,40.572846],[-74.001591,40.590684],[-74.03959,40.612934],[-74.038336,40.637074],[-74.018272,40.659019],[-74.024827,40.687007],[-74.0168,40.701794],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.038538,40.710741],[-74.082786,40.673702],[-74.094086,40.649703],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.181083,40.646484],[-74.202223,40.631053],[-74.214788,40.560604],[-74.248641,40.549601],[-74.246237,40.520963],[-74.27269,40.488405],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-74.206188,40.440707],[-74.174787,40.455607],[-74.175074,40.449144],[-74.157787,40.446607],[-74.131135,40.453245],[-74.047884,40.418908],[-73.998505,40.410911],[-73.991682,40.442908],[-74.014031,40.476471],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-73.977442,40.299373],[-74.064135,39.979157],[-74.09892,39.759538],[-74.240506,39.554911],[-74.27737,39.514064],[-74.311037,39.506715],[-74.304343,39.471445],[-74.334804,39.432001],[-74.406692,39.377516],[-74.412692,39.360816],[-74.521797,39.313816],[-74.614481,39.244659],[-74.714341,39.119804],[-74.704409,39.107858],[-74.778777,39.023073],[-74.792723,38.991991],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.963463,38.931194],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.94947,39.015637],[-74.897784,39.098811],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-74.962382,39.190238],[-75.026179,39.193621],[-75.023437,39.204791],[-75.035672,39.215415],[-75.107286,39.211403],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.177506,39.242746],[-75.241639,39.274097],[-75.251806,39.299913],[-75.271629,39.304041],[-75.285333,39.292212],[-75.30601,39.301712],[-75.333743,39.345335],[-75.365016,39.341388],[-75.39003,39.358259],[-75.399304,39.37949],[-75.442393,39.402291],[-75.465212,39.43893],[-75.483572,39.440824],[-75.508383,39.459131],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.544368,39.479602],[-75.542693,39.496568],[-75.528088,39.498114],[-75.534014,39.540702],[-75.514756,39.562612],[-75.512732,39.578],[-75.561934,39.605216],[-75.571759,39.623584],[-75.526744,39.655113],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.529744,39.692613],[-75.562246,39.656712],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.614929,39.615952],[-75.611905,39.597568],[-75.563034,39.56224],[-75.570362,39.527223],[-75.560728,39.520472],[-75.587729,39.496353],[-75.589901,39.462022],[-75.538512,39.416502],[-75.494122,39.34658],[-75.439027,39.313384],[-75.402964,39.254626],[-75.405716,39.223834],[-75.393015,39.204512],[-75.410625,39.156246],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.345763,39.024857],[-75.318354,38.988191],[-75.311542,38.944633],[-75.302552,38.939002],[-75.312282,38.924594],[-75.304078,38.91316],[-75.190552,38.806861],[-75.134022,38.782242],[-75.097103,38.788703],[-75.097197,38.803101],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.589307,38.456286],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.120435,40.968302],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.645358,42.315631],[-79.453533,42.411157],[-79.351989,42.48892],[-79.335129,42.488321],[-79.242889,42.531757],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-79.111361,42.613358],[-79.06376,42.644758],[-79.062261,42.668358],[-79.04886,42.689158],[-78.918157,42.737258],[-78.853455,42.783958],[-78.865592,42.852358],[-78.891655,42.884845],[-78.912458,42.886557],[-78.905659,42.923357],[-78.918859,42.946857],[-78.961761,42.957756],[-79.019964,42.994756],[-79.02092,43.014287],[-79.005164,43.047056],[-79.01053,43.064389],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.060281,43.105086],[-79.062518,43.120182],[-79.042366,43.143655],[-79.053067,43.173655],[-79.055868,43.238554],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-78.634346,43.357624],[-78.488857,43.374763],[-78.233609,43.36907],[-78.104509,43.375628],[-77.965238,43.368059],[-77.875335,43.34966],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.714129,43.323561],[-77.660359,43.282998],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-77.534184,43.234569],[-77.50092,43.250363],[-77.391015,43.276363],[-77.111866,43.287945],[-77.033875,43.271218],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.904288,43.291816],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.731039,43.343421],[-76.69836,43.344436],[-76.630774,43.413356],[-76.521999,43.468617],[-76.486962,43.47535],[-76.472498,43.492781],[-76.417581,43.521285],[-76.368849,43.525822],[-76.345492,43.513437],[-76.297103,43.51287],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.217958,43.545156],[-76.199138,43.600454],[-76.205436,43.718751],[-76.229268,43.804135],[-76.283307,43.843923],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.243384,43.877975],[-76.202257,43.864898],[-76.133267,43.892975],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.139086,43.962111],[-76.169802,43.962202],[-76.22805,43.982737],[-76.264294,43.978009],[-76.269672,44.001148],[-76.296755,44.013307],[-76.300532,44.057188],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.363835,44.111696],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-76.206777,44.214543],[-76.164265,44.239603],[-76.161833,44.280777],[-76.130884,44.296635],[-76.097351,44.299547],[-76.000998,44.347534],[-75.970185,44.342835],[-75.912985,44.368084],[-75.82083,44.432244],[-75.807778,44.471644],[-75.76623,44.515851],[-75.413885,44.76889],[-75.333744,44.806378],[-75.306487,44.826144],[-75.30763,44.836813],[-75.283136,44.849156],[-75.142958,44.900237],[-75.096659,44.927067],[-75.027125,44.946568],[-75.005155,44.958402],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-74.907956,44.983359],[-74.887837,45.000046],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-74.731301,44.990422],[-74.702018,45.003322],[-74.146814,44.9915],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.381397,44.848805],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.363791,44.745254],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.389966,44.61962],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.361476,44.210374],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.411722,44.11754],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.37415,43.874163],[-73.381501,43.859235],[-73.376598,43.839357],[-73.392751,43.822196],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.425217,43.64429],[-73.418319,43.623325],[-73.430325,43.590532],[-73.39196,43.569915],[-73.373443,43.603292],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.293741,43.605203],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.242042,43.534925],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.284311,42.834954],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.931699,42.884189],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.675747,42.594669],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.852551,41.588526],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.799242,42.008065]]],[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.246688,40.496103],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.242888,40.520903],[-74.247808,40.543396],[-74.210887,40.560902],[-74.19682,40.597037],[-74.20058,40.631448],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.053125,40.603678],[-74.059184,40.593502],[-74.111471,40.546908],[-74.137241,40.530076],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-72.132225,41.104387],[-72.126704,41.115139],[-72.084207,41.101524],[-72.086975,41.058292],[-72.095711,41.05402],[-72.103152,41.086484],[-72.139233,41.092451],[-72.142929,41.097811],[-72.132225,41.104387]]],[[[-71.943563,41.286675],[-71.926802,41.290122],[-72.002461,41.252867],[-72.036846,41.249794],[-72.023422,41.270994],[-71.943563,41.286675]]],[[[-114.042145,40.999926],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.120862,36.114596],[-114.114531,36.095217],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.458369,36.138586],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.627855,36.141012],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.753638,36.090705],[-114.755491,36.081601],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.739405,36.037863],[-114.730435,36.031317],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.67742,35.874728],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.69641,35.833784],[-114.70991,35.810185],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.705309,35.711587],[-114.683208,35.689387],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.665649,35.580428],[-114.656905,35.534391],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.644352,35.105904],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-117.500117,37.22038],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.042145,40.999926]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Connecticut\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Backhus, Debera A.","contributorId":189651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Backhus","given":"Debera","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33246,"text":"School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groher, Daniel M.","contributorId":189652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groher","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacFarlane, John K.","contributorId":189653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacFarlane","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gschwend, Philip M.","contributorId":189502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gschwend","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185458,"text":"70185458 - 1993 - Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-17T10:28:45","indexId":"70185458","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eddy correlation measurements of sensible and latent heat flux are used with measurements of net radiation, soil heat flux, and other micrometeorological variables to develop the Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for use in a sparsely vegetated, semiarid rangeland. The Penman-Monteith model, a one-component model designed for use with dense crops, is not sufficiently accurate (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.56 for hourly data and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.60 for daily data). The Shuttleworth-Wallace model, a two-component logical extension of the Penman-Monteith model for use with sparse crops, performs significantly better (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.78 for hourly data and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.85 for daily data). The modified Priestley-Taylor model, a one-component simplified form of the Penman potential evapotranspiration model, surprisingly performs as well as the Shuttle worth-Wallace model. The rigorous Shuttleworth-Wallace model predicts that about one quarter of the vapor flux to the atmosphere is from bare-soil evaporation. Further, during daylight hours, the small leaves are sinks for sensible heat produced at the hot soil surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00333","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., 1993, Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1379-1392, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00333.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1392","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70127890,"text":"70127890 - 1993 - Dynamic land surface/atmospheric parameterization at different spatial scales in the Colorado Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:52:07","indexId":"70127890","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-22T10:52:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Dynamic land surface/atmospheric parameterization at different spatial scales in the Colorado Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Workshop on the Use of Hydrological Models for Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change in Snowmelt Water Supply Basins","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of Workshop on the Use of Hydrological Models for Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change in Snowmelt Water Supply Basins","conferenceDate":"1993-04-20T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Santa Fe, NM","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Pielke, R., Parton, B., Band, L., and Running, S., 1993, Dynamic land surface/atmospheric parameterization at different spatial scales in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e694be4b092f17df5a7b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.","contributorId":34064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parton, B.","contributorId":69905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Band, L.","contributorId":75460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Band","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":52505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Running","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128545,"text":"70128545 - 1993 - Hydrograph characteristics relevant to the establishment and growth of western riparian vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T14:01:27","indexId":"70128545","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-02T13:58:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Hydrograph characteristics relevant to the establishment and growth of western riparian vegetation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual American Geophysical Union Hydrology Days","conferenceTitle":"Thirteenth Annual American Geophysical Union Hydrology Days","conferenceDate":"1993-03-30T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology Days Publications","publisherLocation":"Atherton, CA","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Wondzell, M.A., and Auble, G.T., 1993, Hydrograph characteristics relevant to the establishment and growth of western riparian vegetation, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3c1e4b08a816ca63661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":78261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wondzell, M. A.","contributorId":56575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128523,"text":"70128523 - 1993 - Sensitivity of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's stream network temperature model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T11:03:38","indexId":"70128523","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-02T10:59:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Sensitivity of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's stream network temperature model","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual American Geophysical Union Hydrology Days","conferenceTitle":"Thirteenth Annual American Geophysical Union Hydrology Days","conferenceDate":"1993-03-30T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology Days Publications","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 1993, Sensitivity of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's stream network temperature model, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3d5e4b08a816ca63693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J. M.","contributorId":46888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128514,"text":"70128514 - 1993 - Wetland modeling and information needs at Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T10:09:16","indexId":"70128514","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T09:54:26","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Wetland modeling and information needs at Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>The marshes in and around Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge (the Refuge) are extremely dynamic; expanding and contracting in size both seasonally, due to runoff and subsequent evapotranspiration, and over longer periods, due to climatic variation.  The dynamic nature of these marshes results in a diversity of wetland habitats, which support a variety of migratory birds.  To maintain this wetland diversity and control the loss of migratory bird habitat in the Lahontan Valley, the Refuge was established and currently manages a complex of marsh units.  However, changes in the hydrology, and changes that will occur as a result of the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone and Truckee-Carson-Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act (Public Law 101-618, 104 Stat. 3389), greatly affect the Refuge's wetland management capability.  In light of these changes, and the legal requirements associated with environmental impact assessments, the Refuge convened a workshop to discuss several aspects of wetland management in the Lahontan Valley.  The workshop, described in this report, had three primary objectives:</p>\n<br/>\n<p>1. discuss the types and relative proportions of primary wetland habitats that should be provided as described in the settlement act;</p>\n<br/>\n<p>2. discuss wetland management models that might be developed to help manage these marshes under hydrologic regimes likely in the future; and</p>\n<br/>\n<p>3. discuss future information and monitoring needs, including proposals for valley-wide biodiversity surveys, which would be helpful when considering withdrawn Bureau of Reclamation (BR) lands for possible incorporation into the Refuge.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Several presentations at the beginning of the workshop provided a common basis for discussing these objectives.  Refuge staff provided background on the history and past management.  The Nature Conservatory discussed their role in the settlement act, proposals for valley-wide biodiversity surveys, and results of a literature review for Stillwater Marsh and the Lahontan Valley (Nachlinger 1993).  Kay Fowler provided an historical context of changes in vegetation and waterbird use of the marshes based on her ethnography of the local Paiute Indians (Fowler 1993).  Finally, Bob Elston discussed a model that predicts archaeological sites based on environmental variables (Raven and Elston 1989).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The workshop was organized by staff from the Refuge and facilitated by the authors of this report.  Participants included Ron Anglin, Bill Henry, Anne Janik, Cliff Creger, Fred Paveglio, and Mary Jo Elpers of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service); Jeff Baumgartner, Jan Nachlinger, Hope Humphries, and Graham Chisholm of The Nature Conservancy; David Yardas of the Environmental Defense Fund; David Robertson of Robertson Software, Inc.; Norm Saake, Terry Retterer, and Larry Neel of the Nevada Department of Wildlife; Lew Oring and Kay Fowler of the University of Nevada; and Robert Elston of Intermountain Research.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Results of a workshop sponsored by Division on Wildlife Refuges and Wildlife, Region 1","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., and Auble, G.T., 1993, Wetland modeling and information needs at Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3e0e4b08a816ca636ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185751,"text":"70185751 - 1993 - Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:16:28","indexId":"70185751","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction","docAbstract":"<ol><li>This paper introduces the Lowland Streams Restoration Workshop that was held in Lund, Sweden in August 1991.</li><li>Attenders at the Workshop participated in working groups which discussed and reported on the state of knowledge of stream restoration and identified critical areas of information need. Currently, most restoration efforts are emission‐orientated (i.e. waste‐water management), while the imitation of the geomorphology or of the riparian vegetation of a quasi‐natural or natural reference channel receives less attention.</li><li>Successful stream restoration requires a multidisciplinary approach within a holistic system framework. Monitoring the outcome of past, existing and future steam‐restoration projects is required for information on the feasibility of alternative techniques and approaches.</li><li>It was recommended that systems in pristine condition serve as a point of reference and not as a goal for most stream restoration projects. Restoration goals must be carefully defined so that everyone at every level understands the aim of the project. At the very least, all restoration programmes should consider geomorphic, hydrological, biological, aesthetic, and water quality aspects of the system.</li><li>Restoration programmes should aim to create a system with a stable channel, or a channel in dynamic equilibrium that supports a self‐sustaining and functionally diverse community assemblage; it should not concentrate on one species or group, except at the local level. Preserving the terrestrial ‐aquatic interface by setting aside riparian land corridors is critical to all stages of restoration. Additional information on the temporal and regional variability in important system processes and functions is needed.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00756.x","usgsCitation":"Osborne, L., Bayley, P., Higler, L., Statzner, B., Triska, F., and Iverson, T.M., 1993, Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 187-194, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00756.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborne, L.L.","contributorId":189972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayley, P.B.","contributorId":189973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayley","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higler, L.W.G.","contributorId":189974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higler","given":"L.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Statzner, B.","contributorId":189975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Statzner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.","contributorId":70173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iverson, T. Moth","contributorId":189971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Moth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185442,"text":"70185442 - 1993 - Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:53:39","indexId":"70185442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the water retention process in porous material, changes in water content are assumed to be independent of the rate at which the matric potential varies. Periodically, researchers have presented results that do not support this assumption, indicating that water retention may be rate-dependent under certain conditions. In the present study, long-term experiments were performed on five porous materials in which core samples were drained at different rates down to matric potentials of −50 kPa. Comparisons of these results with previous results confirm that slight rate-dependent behavior occurs during drainage of porous materials in this matric potential range. Specifically, new and previous results indicate that on average 4–5% more water was retained for a slow, multistep drainage versus a fast, one-step drainage treatment. For the present study, average results for individual materials were variable, ranging from a 1 to a 10% difference in water content due to treatment. Several possible mechanisms for the observed rate-dependent behavior are discussed. The only plausible mechanism is related to variations in pore water salt concentrations that induce differences in the pore water surface tension for fast versus slow drainage. Regardless of the mechanism, results suggest that rate-dependent behavior during water retention may contribute to an enhanced temperature dependence of water retention, due to higher rates of water redistribution at higher temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00005","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1993, Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1331-1334, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00005.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1334","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018391,"text":"70018391 - 1993 - Differentiation of volcanic ash-fall and water-borne detrital layers in the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T15:23:10.898906","indexId":"70018391","displayToPublicDate":"1993-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of volcanic ash-fall and water-borne detrital layers in the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, Indonesia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sangsang deposit of the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia, contains 11 layers, which are thin (&lt;5 cm) and high in ash (&gt; 70%). These layers are characterized by their pelitic macroscopic texture. Examination of eight of the layers by scanning-electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction analyses show that they are composed primarily of fairly well-crystallized kaolinite, much of which is vermicular. Accessory minerals include abundant Ti oxide, rare-earth element-rich Ca and A1 phosphates, quartz that luminescences in the blue color range, and euhedral to subhedral pyroxene, hornblende, zircon, and sanidine. Although this mineral suite is suggestive of volcanic ash-fall material, only the four pelitic layers in the middle of the bed are thought to be solely derived from volcanic ash-falls on the basis of diagnostic minerals, replaced glass shards, and lithostratigraphic relationships observed in core and outcrop. The three uppermost pelitic layers contain octahedral chromites, some quartz grains that luminesce in teh orange color range, and some quartz grains that contain two-phase fluid inclusions. These layers are interpreted to be derived from a combination of volcanic ash-fall material and hydrologic transport of volcaniclastic sediment. In contrast, the lowermost pelitic layer, which contains large, rounded FeMg-rich chromites, is thought to have been dominantly deposited by water. The source of the volcanic ash-fall material may have been middle Tertiary volcanism related to plate tectonic activity between Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The volcanic ash was deposited in sufficient amounts to be preserved as layers within the coal only in the northern portions of the Senakin region: the southern coal beds in the region do not contain pelitic layers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90041-9","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., and Moore, T., 1993, Differentiation of volcanic ash-fall and water-borne detrital layers in the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, Indonesia: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 233-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90041-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Kalimantan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              115.22917642325245,\n              -2.3507385996688868\n            ],\n            [\n              115.22917642325245,\n              -4.332144074818373\n            ],\n            [\n              116.60264384751423,\n              -4.332144074818373\n            ],\n            [\n              116.60264384751423,\n              -2.3507385996688868\n            ],\n            [\n              115.22917642325245,\n              -2.3507385996688868\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010ae4b0c8380cd4fa7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":118763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, T.A.","contributorId":91101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199816,"text":"70199816 - 1993 - Hydrologic budget and nitrogen distribution for an agricultural study plot in claypan soil and glacial till near Centralia, Mo.--May 1991 to May 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:23:50","indexId":"70199816","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-04T09:22:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrologic budget and nitrogen distribution for an agricultural study plot in claypan soil and glacial till near Centralia, Mo.--May 1991 to May 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the 3rd annual Missouri water quality conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd Annual Missouri Water Quality Conference","conferenceDate":"February 4, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, Missouri ","language":"English","publisher":"University of Missouri","publisherLocation":"Columbia, Missouri","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., and Plummer, L., 1993, Hydrologic budget and nitrogen distribution for an agricultural study plot in claypan soil and glacial till near Centralia, Mo.--May 1991 to May 1992, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings from the 3rd annual Missouri water quality conference, p. 100-105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Centralia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a37e4b034bf6a81962b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073946,"text":"70073946 - 1993 - Understanding the toxicity of contaminants in sediments: beyond the bioassay-based paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:36:55","indexId":"70073946","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T14:23:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the toxicity of contaminants in sediments: beyond the bioassay-based paradigm","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120501","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Carter, J.L., 1993, Understanding the toxicity of contaminants in sediments: beyond the bioassay-based paradigm: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 5, p. 793-796, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120501.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"796","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281509,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120501"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a32e4b0b2908510d53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128329,"text":"70128329 - 1993 - Options for water-level control in developed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:54:13","indexId":"70128329","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T13:47:07","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Options for water-level control in developed wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Wetland habitats in the United States currently are lost at a rate of 260,000 acres/year (105,218 ha/year).  Consequently, water birds concentrate in fewer and smaller areas.  Such concentrations may deplete food supplies and influence behavior, physiology, and survival.  Continued losses increase the importance of sound management of the remaining wetlands because water birds depend on them.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Human activities modified the natural hydrology of most remaining wetlands in the conterminous United States, and such hydrologic alterations frequently reduce wetland productivity.  The restoration of original wetland functions and productivity often requires the development of water distribution and discharge systems to emulate natural hydrologic regimes.  Construction of levees and correct placement of control structures and water-delivery and water-discharge systems are necessary to (1) create soil and water conditions for the germination of desirable plants, (2) control nuisance vegetation, (3) promote the production of invertebrates, and (4) make foods available for wildlife that depends of wetlands (Leaflets 13.2.1 and 13.4.6).  This paper provides basic guidelines for the design of wetlands that benefit wildlife.  If biological considerations are not incorporated into such designs, the capability of managing wetlands for water birds is reduced and costs often are greater.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although we address the development of palustrine wetlands in migration and wintering areas, many of the discussed principles are applicable to the development of other wetland types and in other locations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl management handbook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J., Laubhan, M.K., Reid, F.A., Wortham, J.S., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1993, Options for water-level control in developed wetlands, chap. <i>of</i> Waterfowl management handbook, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b2e4b0a4f4b46a23b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, J. R. Jr.","contributorId":96202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J. R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, M. K.","contributorId":58583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, F. A.","contributorId":93413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, J. S.","contributorId":73132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredrickson, L. H.","contributorId":68668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128541,"text":"70128541 - 1993 - Understanding coupled climatic, hydrological, and ecosystem responses to global climate change in the Colorado Rockies biogeographical area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:52:20","indexId":"70128541","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Understanding coupled climatic, hydrological, and ecosystem responses to global climate change in the Colorado Rockies biogeographical area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the George Wright Society Conference on Science and Resource Management in National Parks","conferenceTitle":"George Wright Society Conference on Science and Resource Management in National Parks","conferenceDate":"1992-11-13T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Jacksonville, FL","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Jacksonville, FL","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Baron, J., and Kittel, T.G., 1993, Understanding coupled climatic, hydrological, and ecosystem responses to global climate change in the Colorado Rockies biogeographical area, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3dee4b08a816ca636a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T. J.","contributorId":87477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127902,"text":"70127902 - 1993 - Surface water chemistry and hydrology of two subalpine watersheds in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T13:00:38.053567","indexId":"70127902","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T12:38:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water chemistry and hydrology of two subalpine watersheds in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Sueker, J.K., 1993, Surface water chemistry and hydrology of two subalpine watersheds in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 74, p. 266-268.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"74","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6984e4b092f17df5aa88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sueker, J. K.","contributorId":90658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sueker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198719,"text":"70198719 - 1993 - Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:13:21.557484","indexId":"70198719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:51:40","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Above-ambient levels of methane and higher hydrocarbons were detected in the atmosphere of the Mono Basin. These gases emanated from several different sources, including natural gas seeps (thermogenic and biogenic), and methanogenic activity in sediments. Seeps were distributed over nearly 33% of the lake bottom and were also present in the exposed former lakebed. They originated from one or more natural gas deposits that underlie the basin. Seeps associated with hot springs had a thermogenic character, whereas the others had the characteristics of bacterially formed gases. The radiocarbon content of methane in all seep gases was low (5-11% modern carbon), indicating an age of greater than about 20,000 years.</p><p class=\"Para\">Dissolved methane increased with depth in the sediments, ultimately reaching saturation levels (1-3 mM). The outward diffusive flux of methane into the anoxic bottom waters elevated concentrations to 60 µM during the 1984-1988 meromictic interval. The radiocarbon content of hypolimnion methane was equivalent to that of the dissolved inorganic carbon (~80% modern carbon), indicating derivation from current methanogenic activity. Oxidation by anaerobic bacteria was the major sink for this methane. Methane that escaped oxidation transited to the epilimnion where it attained supersaturation (0.1-3.0 µM) relative to the atmosphere. Measured outward fluxes over a 2-year period were highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 4.82 mmoles CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p class=\"Para\">Bacterial activity was detected in the sediments of the hypolimnion High rates of sulfate reduction (~200 µmoles L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>) were measured in the upper 5-cm interval but decreased &gt; 10-fold with depth. The highest rate of methanogenic activity was ~1 µmole L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>, as measured by reduction of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>. Bacteria metabolized dimethylsulfide, trimethylamine, acetate, and glucose to primarily CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and some CH<sub>4</sub>. Turnovers of glucose<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">(k =</i><span>&nbsp;</span>0.16 d<sup>-1</sup>) and trimethylamine<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">(k =</i><span>&nbsp;</span>0.09 d<sup>-1</sup>) were highest in the upper 2.5-cm interval and decreased as much as 10-fold with depth. These results confirm that a low rate of methanogenic activity occurs in this extreme environment and is the source of methane to the hypolimnion.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry of global change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Miller, L., Colbertson, C., Robinson, S., Smith, R.L., Lovley, D.R., Whiticar, M.J., King, G., Kiene, R.P., Iversen, N., and Sargent, M., 1993, Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California, chap. <i>of</i> Biogeochemistry of global change, p. 704-741, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"741","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819771","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.","contributorId":26831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colbertson, Charles","contributorId":207081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colbertson","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whiticar, Michael J.","contributorId":72124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiticar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"King, G.","contributorId":74521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kiene, Ronald P.","contributorId":173346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiene","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Iversen, Niels","contributorId":189744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iversen","given":"Niels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sargent, Melinda","contributorId":207082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargent","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70198713,"text":"70198713 - 1993 - Geochemical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:16:35","indexId":"70198713","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:14:37","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Geochemical models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality ","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., and Plummer, L., 1993, Geochemical models, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality , p. 199-225.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819773","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198496,"text":"70198496 - 1993 - Natural radionuclides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:36:14","indexId":"70198496","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:29:24","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural radionuclides","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","isbn":"0442009372","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Wanty, R.B., 1993, Natural radionuclides, chap. <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality, p. 423-441.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819776","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742244,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199903,"text":"70199903 - 1993 - Limits on quantitative descriptions of biocolloid mobility in contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:57:29","indexId":"70199903","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:54:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Limits on quantitative descriptions of biocolloid mobility in contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manipulation of groundwater: Colloids for environmental restoration","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"London","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Bouwer, E., 1993, Limits on quantitative descriptions of biocolloid mobility in contaminated groundwater, chap. <i>of</i> Manipulation of groundwater: Colloids for environmental restoration, p. 57-64.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a68e4b034bf6a819882","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747231,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wobber, F.J.","contributorId":208431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wobber","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747232,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouwer, E.J.","contributorId":94592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouwer","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198700,"text":"70198700 - 1993 - Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T08:50:07","indexId":"70198700","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:47:21","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Plummer, L., Michel, R.L., Thurman, E., and Glynn, P.D., 1993, Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water, chap. <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality, p. 255-294.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a68e4b034bf6a819887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199901,"text":"70199901 - 1993 - Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:43:50","indexId":"70199901","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:42:03","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modelling change in environmental systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Duff, J.H., Harvey, J.W., Jackman, A., and Triska, F., 1993, Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum, chap. <i>of</i> Modelling change in environmental systems.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a68e4b034bf6a81988a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747215,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747216,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, J.J.","contributorId":208430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAleer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747217,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, A.P.","contributorId":208429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}