We address the problem of declining streamflows in interconnected stream-aquifer systems and explore possible management options to address the problem for two areas of central Kansas: the Arkansas River valley from Kinsley to Great Bend and the lower Rattlesnake Creek-Quivira National Wildlife Refuge area. The approach we followed implements, calibrates, and partially validates for the study areas a stream-aquifer numerical model combined with a parameter estimation package and sensitivity analysis. Hydrologic budgets for both predevelopment and developed conditions indicate significant differences in the hydrologic components of the study areas resulting from development. The predevelopment water budgets give an estimate of natural ground-water recharge, whereas the budgets for developed conditions give an estimate of induced recharge, indicating that major ground-water development changes the recharge-discharge regime of the model areas with time. Such stream-aquifer models serve to link proposed actions to hydrologic effects, as is clearly demonstrated by the effects of various management alternatives on the streamflows of the Arkansas River and Rattlesnake Creek. Thus we show that a possible means of restoring specified streamflows in the area is to implement protective stream corridors with restricted ground-water extraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90140-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., and Perkins, S., 1993, Calibrated models as management tools for stream-aquifer systems: The case of central Kansas, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 152, no. 1-4, p. 31-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90140-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30be4b0c8380cd4b582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, S.P.","contributorId":12211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017959,"text":"70017959 - 1993 - Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:45:47","indexId":"70017959","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides","docAbstract":"A study of the Mississippi River and its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992 has indicated that the entire navigable reach of the river is contaminated with a complex mixture of agrochemicals and their transformation products derived from nonpoint sources. Twenty-three compounds were identified, including triazine, chloroacetanilide, thiocarbamate, phenylurea, pyridazine, and organophosphorus pesticides. The upper and middle Mississippi River Basin farm lands are major sources of herbicides applied to corn, soybeans, and sorghum. Farm lands in the lower Mississippi River Basin are a major source of rice and cotton herbicides. Inputs of the five major herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and simazine to the Mississippi River are mainly from the Minnesota, Des Moines, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Ratios of desethylatrazine/atrazine potentially are useful indicators of groundwater and surface water interactions in the Mississippi River. These ratios suggested that during baseflow conditions, there is a significant groundwater contribution to the river. The Mississippi River thus serves as a drainage channel for pesticide-contaminated surface and groundwater from the midwestern United States. Conservative estimates of annual mass transport indicated that about 160 t of atrazine, 71 t of cyanazine, 56 t of metolachlor, and 18 t of alachlor were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico in 1991.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00045a008","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., and Hostettler, F., 1993, Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1542-1552, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a008.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1542","endPage":"1552","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67a4e4b0c8380cd73413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017920,"text":"70017920 - 1993 - Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:22:57","indexId":"70017920","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States","docAbstract":"Paleowaters from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain have higher D/H and 18O/16O ratios than local Holocene ground water. Maximum δ18O enrichments in ground water having adjusted radiocarbon ages of 20,000 to 26,000 years are 0.7 to 2.3 per mil. The trend in isotopic enrichment in paleowaters is the reverse of that normally observed in continental glacial age ground water. Dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations indicate, however, that the average recharge temperature was 5.3°C cooler than that today. The data indicate cool conditions in the southeast Atlantic coastal plain during the last glacial maximum, with recharge limited primarily to late summer tropical cyclones and hurricanes.
Commonly used techniques for the concentration and isolation of organic matter from water, such as preparative chromatography, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the methods used to analyze the organic matter obtained by these methods are reviewed. The development of methods to obtain organic matter that is associated with fractions of the dissolved organic carbon other than humic substances, such as organic bases, hydrophilic organic acids and colloidal organic matter are discussed. Methods specifically used to study dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorous are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02757549308035305","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., and Leenheer, J., 1993, Isolation and chemical characterization of dissolved and colloidal organic matter: Chemistry and Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1080/02757549308035305.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269231,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549308035305"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f46e4b0c8380cd643de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.","contributorId":71714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017847,"text":"70017847 - 1993 - Potential problem with mean dimensionless hydrographs at ungaged sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017847","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential problem with mean dimensionless hydrographs at ungaged sites","docAbstract":"A flood hydrograph for an ungaged stream site can be estimated from a mean dimensionless hydrograph and estimates of instantaneous peak discharge (Q) and total storm runoff volume (V). However, the time base of the resulting flood hydrograph can be inversely related to the magnitude of the peak discharge if estimates of runoff volume were defined using ordinary least-squares regression relations of the form V=f(Q). Such an inverse relation is not hydrologically consistent. The problem can be solved in several ways. Redefining the relation between V and Q using an alternative model that preserves the variance in V generally will produce exponents for Q that are near 1. The resulting estimated flood-hydrograph volumes will nearly match the original volumes near the mean of the logarithms of V and Q, but will differ as volumes and peak discharges depart from the mean values. The difference will depend on how much the original exponent of Q differed from 1. Another solution is to simply hold T???, the multiplier needed to expand the time base of a mean dimensionless hydrograph into the time base of an estimated flood hydrograph, constant. That solution is a questionable approach if basins vary either in size, shape, or slope. A third solution is to define T??? as a function of time to peak, Tp. Flood volume then depends only on Q, Tp, and the dimensionless hydrograph, thereby removing the need to define a relation for estimating volume.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262921X","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., and Rankl, J.G., 1993, Potential problem with mean dimensionless hydrographs at ungaged sites, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 246-251.","startPage":"246","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f57e4b0c8380cd7aa90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, James G.","contributorId":93026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017803,"text":"70017803 - 1993 - The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T10:58:21","indexId":"70017803","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America","docAbstract":"Wetlands are a common landscape feature in the Arctic, Subarctic, and north Temperate zones of North America. In all three-zones, the occurrnce of seasonal frost results in similar surface-water processes in the early spring. For example, surface ice and snow generally melt before the soil frost thaws, causing melt water to flow into depressions, over the land surface and at times, across low topographic divides. However, evapotranspiration and ground-water movement differ among the three climatic zones because they are more affected by permafrost than seasonal frost. The water source for plants in the Arctic is restricted to the small volume of subsurface water lying above the permafrost. Although this is also true in the Subarctic where permafrost exists, where it does not, plants may receive and possibly reflect, more regional ground-water sources. Where permafrost exists, the interaction of wetlands with subsurface water is largely restricted to shallow local flow systems. But where permafrost is absent in parts of the Subarctic and all of the Temperature zone, wetlands may have a complex interaction with ground-water-flow systems of all magnitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90043-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Woo, M., and Winter, T.C., 1993, The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America: Journal of Hydrology, v. 141, no. 1-4, p. 5-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90043-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf8ee4b08c986b3248aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woo, M.-K.","contributorId":23704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"M.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017727,"text":"70017727 - 1993 - Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:30:21","indexId":"70017727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less-than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Raccoon River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b2e4b0c8380cd5139a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017715,"text":"70017715 - 1993 - Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:00:58","indexId":"70017715","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages","docAbstract":"The terrestrial-aquatic interface beneath a riparian corridor was investigated as a region of hydrological and biological control of nutrient flux. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the hyporheic zone ranged from <1.0 to 9.5 mg l-1 due to permeability variations in bankside sediments. DO concentration was related to the proportion of stream water in the lateral hyporheic zone, indicating that the channel water was the DO source. The magnitude and timing of lateral water exchange was linked to previously published studies of nitrification and denitrification. Both nitrification potential and channel exchange decreased with distance from the channel and were absent at sites lacking effective exchange, due to low DO. Field amendment of ammonium to an aerobic flow path indicated nitrification potential under natural hydrological conditions. Denitrification potential was inversely related to channel exchange and was insignificant in channel sediments. Field amendment of acetylene plus nitrate to a flow path with low DO and minimal channel exchange indicated denitrification of amended nitrate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00762.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Duff, J., and Avanzino, R., 1993, Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial- aquatic linkages: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00762.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d8e4b0c8380cd77d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017509,"text":"70017509 - 1993 - Model for humus in soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T07:00:09","indexId":"70017509","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model for humus in soils and sediments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00042a603","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., 1993, Model for humus in soils and sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 814-816, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00042a603.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"814","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5babe4b0c8380cd6f70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017488,"text":"70017488 - 1993 - Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:07:33","indexId":"70017488","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","docAbstract":"Nearly a decade of intensive geophysical logging at fractured rock hydrology research sites indicates that geophysical logs can be used to identify and characterize fractures intersecting boreholes. However, borehole-to-borehole flow tests indicate that only a few of the apparently open fractures found to intersect boreholes conduct flow under test conditions. This paper presents a systematic approach to fracture characterization designed to define the distribution of fractures along boreholes, relate the measured fracture distribution to structure and lithology of the rock mass, and define the nature of fracture flow paths across borehole arrays. Conventional electrical resistivity, gamma, and caliper logs are used to define lithology and large-scale structure. Borehole wall image logs obtained with the borehole televiewer are used to give the depth, orientation, and relative size of fractures in situ. High-resolution flowmeter measurements are used to identify fractures conducting flow in the rock mass adjacent to the boreholes. Changes in the flow field over time are used to characterize the hydraulic properties of fracture intersections between boreholes. Application of this approach to an array of 13 boreholes at the Mirror Lake, New Hamsphire site demonstrates that the transient flow analysis can be used to distinguish between fractures communicating with each other between observation boreholes, and those that are hydraulically isolated from each other in the surrounding rock mass. The Mirror Lake results also demonstrate that the method is sensitive to the effects of boreholes on the hydraulic properties of the fractured-rock aquifer. Experiments conducted before and after the drilling of additional boreholes in the array and before and after installation of packers in existing boreholes demonstrate that the presence of new boreholes or the inflation of packers in existing boreholes has a large effect on the measured hydraulic properties of the rock mass surrounding the borehole array.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1993, Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 30, no. 4, p. 261-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc038e4b08c986b329fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017477,"text":"70017477 - 1993 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017477","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","docAbstract":"Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00789324","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Toy, T., Osterkamp, W.R., and Renard, K., 1993, Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324"},{"id":228754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e7e4b0c8380cd7b7b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toy, T.J.","contributorId":36626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renard, K.G.","contributorId":42378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renard","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017443,"text":"70017443 - 1993 - Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:46:42","indexId":"70017443","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture","docAbstract":"A semi-analytical model is developed to determine transmissivity and storativity from the interpretation of transient flow in an observation well due to pumping in a source well where the two wells are connected by a single fracture. Flow rate can be determined using a heat-pulse flowmeter located above the intersection of the fracture in the observation well. The results of a field experiment were interpreted using the new model and compared with drawdown data from the same test. Good agreement between the transmissivity estimates was observed whereas estimates of storativity were found to be better determined from the analysis of flow rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90237-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lapcevic, P., Novakowski, K., and Paillet, F.L., 1993, Analysis of flow in an observation well intersecting a single fracture: Journal of Hydrology, v. 151, no. 2-4, p. 229-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90237-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb14e4b0c8380cd48bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapcevic, P.A.","contributorId":24508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapcevic","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novakowski, K.S.","contributorId":96851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novakowski","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017442,"text":"70017442 - 1993 - Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:55:22","indexId":"70017442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Typically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water-use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Kenny, J.F., 1993, Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 973-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x.","startPage":"973","endPage":"979","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267686,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x"},{"id":228975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c60e4b0c8380cd69bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenny, J. F.","contributorId":100378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017436,"text":"70017436 - 1993 - Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:35:55","indexId":"70017436","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Two small (100 ha) watersheds located on Catoctin Mountain in north-central Maryland were intensively instrumented in 1990 and have been hydrologically, chemically, and isotopically monitored for 3 years. Dissolved concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, total AI, CI-, NO3-, SO42- , HCO3-, and SiO2) and stable isotopic (D and 18O) values have been analyzed for most types of water (precipitation, throughfall, two depths of soil water, shallow groundwater, and streamwater) that enter, travel through, and exit each watershed. The major objectives of the study were to characterize the chemical and isotopic signatures of all aqueous components of the watersheds and to interpret the causes of the changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of streamwater during storm runoff. This paper describes selected results of the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90200-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Bricker, O., 1993, Hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic characterization of two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 319-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90200-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Catoctin Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.57049901310693\n ],\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.69001640474053\n ],\n [\n -77.3880386352539,\n 39.69001640474053\n ],\n [\n -77.3880386352539,\n 39.57049901310693\n ],\n [\n -77.52021789550781,\n 39.57049901310693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3698e4b0c8380cd6083d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017435,"text":"70017435 - 1993 - Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:54:07","indexId":"70017435","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Ambats, G., and Thordsen, J., 1993, Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 499-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"501","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266058,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a0e4b0c8380cd5012f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambats, G.","contributorId":64825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, J.J.","contributorId":43121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017416,"text":"70017416 - 1993 - Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:33:36.125435","indexId":"70017416","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","docAbstract":"Surface water quality data for 15 sampling stations in the Arkansas, Verdigris, Neosho, and Walnut river basins inside the state of Kansas were analyzed to detect trends (or lack of trends) in 17 major constituents by using four different non-parametric methods. The results show that concentrations of specific conductance, total dissolved solids, calcium, total hardness, sodium, potassium, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, total phosphorus, ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and suspended sediment generally have downward trends. Some of the downward trends are related to increases in discharge, while others could be caused by decreases in pollution sources. Homogeneity tests show that both station-wide trends and basinwide trends are non-homogeneous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Yu, Y., Zou, S., and Whittemore, D., 1993, Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 150, no. 1, p. 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6761e4b0c8380cd732d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Y.-S.","contributorId":98892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, S.","contributorId":68898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, D.","contributorId":39530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittemore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017402,"text":"70017402 - 1993 - Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:13:22","indexId":"70017402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous, work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concenrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352604","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Luther, G., 1993, Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352604.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718304"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0241e4b0c8380cd4ff84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luther, G.W.","contributorId":37913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luther","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017371,"text":"70017371 - 1993 - Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:15:52","indexId":"70017371","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02718285","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Baker, J., 1993, Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 383-384, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"384","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb631e4b08c986b326afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, J.E.","contributorId":86115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017369,"text":"70017369 - 1993 - Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:59:23","indexId":"70017369","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is 0.2–0.9 nmol kg−1 for Cd, 1–20 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 4–16 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 0.2–20 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Effective concentrations in fresh water discharged into San Francisco Bay during 1990–1991 (estimated by extrapolation to zero salinity) are 740–860 μmol kg−1 for silicate, 21–44 μmol kg−1 for phosphate, 10–15 nmol kg−1for Cd, 210–450 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 210–270 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 190–390 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Comparison with effective trace metal and nutrient concentrations for freshwater discharge reported by Flegal et al. (1991) shows that input of these constituents to the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay accounts for only a fraction of the input to Gulf of the Farallones from the estuary system as a whole. The nutrient and trace metal composition of shelf water outside a 30-km radius from the mouth of the estuary closely resembles that of California Current water further offshore. In contrast to coastal waters elsewhere, there is little evidence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn input by sediment diagenesis in continental shelf waters of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352603","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1993, Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352603.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb671e4b08c986b326c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017349,"text":"70017349 - 1993 - Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:36:34.484578","indexId":"70017349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","docAbstract":"The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-4, p. 61-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbce4b0c8380cd49995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27271,"text":"wri924016 - 1993 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:46:48.848163","indexId":"wri924016","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4016","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3 (collectively called the C-holes) each were drilled to a depth of 914.4 meters at Yucca Mountain, on the Nevada Test Site, in 1983 and 1984 for the purpose of conducting aquifer and tracer tests. Each of the boreholes penetrated the Paintbrush Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and bottomed in the Crater Flat Tuff. The geologic units penetrated consist of devitrified to vitrophyric, nonwelded to densely welded, ash-flow tuff, tuff breccia, ash-fall tuff, and bedded tuff. Below the water table, which is at an average depth of 401.6 meters below land surface, the rocks are argillic and zeolitic. The geologic units at the C-hole complex strike N. 2° W. and dip 15° to 21° NE. They are cut by several faults, including the Paintbrush Canyon Fault, a prominent normal fault oriented S. 9° W., 52.2° NW.
The rocks at the C-hole complex are fractured extensively, with most fractures oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of regional least horizontal principal stress. In the Crater Flat Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills, fractures strike predominantly between S. 20° E. and S. 20° W. and secondarily between S. 20° E. and S. 60° E. In the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, however, southeasterly striking fractures predominate. Most fractures are steeply dipping, although shallowly dipping fractures occur in nonwelded and reworked tuff intervals of the Crater Flat Tuff. Mineral-filled fractures are common in the tuff breccia zone of the Tram Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, and, also, in the welded tuff zone of the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The fracture density of geologic units in the C-holes was estimated to range from 1.3 to 7.6 fractures per cubic meter. Most of these estimates appear to be the correct order of magnitude when compared to transect measurements and core data from other boreholes 1.3 orders of magnitude too low.
Geophysical data and laboratory analyses were used to determine matrix hydrologic properties of the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and the Crater Flat Tuff in the C-holes. The porosity ranged from 12 to 43 percent and, on the average, was larger in nonwelded to partially welded, ash-flow tuff, ashfall tuff, and reworked tuff than in moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff. The pore-scale horizontal permeability of nine samples ranged from 5.7x10-3 to 2.9 millidarcies, and the pore-scale vertical permeability of these samples ranged from 3.7x10-3 to 1.5 millidarcies. Ratios of pore-scale horizontal to vertical permeability generally ranged from 0.7 to 2. Although the number of samples was small, values of pore-scale permeability determined were consistent with samples from other boreholes at Yucca Mountain. The specific storage of nonwelded to partially welded ash-flow tuff, ash-fall tuff, and reworked tuff was estimated from porosity and elasticity to be 2x10-6 per meter, twice the specific storage of moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff and tuff breccia. The storativity of geologic units, based on their average thickness (corrected for bedding dip) and specific storage, was estimated to range from 1x10-5 to 2x10-4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924016","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A., 1993, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4016, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924016.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, A. L.","contributorId":46988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017904,"text":"70017904 - 1993 - Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 3. Biogeochemical response to stratification and overturn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:20:53","indexId":"70017904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 3. Biogeochemical response to stratification and overturn","docAbstract":"Mono Lake is a terminal, saline lake that became ectogenically meromictic in 1982–1983 and remained stratified until November 1988. During this period, the monimolimnion remained anoxic and nearly isothermal, while the upper mixolimnion was well oxygenated and exhibited a seasonal thermal regime. Dissolved sulfide and methane increased in the monimolimnion as a result of diffusive flux from the sediments. Winter mixing down to the chemocline distributed sulfide and methane throughout the mixolimnion. Lakewide inventories of dissolved sulfide and methane reflected the balance between increased concentrations and decreased monimolimnion volume over time. At overturn, the entire water column was isothermal and anoxic. Dissolved sulfide (380 × 106 mol) was oxidized in 1 week by molecular oxygen. Methane (12 × 106 mol) was removed more slowly by microbial oxidation and ventilation across the air‐water interface.
No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Man's effect on hydrologic systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Balcones Research Center","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., and Solis, R., 1993, Use of acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow measurements of Mata gorda Bay entrance channel, chap. of Man's effect on hydrologic systems, p. 79-85.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.E.","contributorId":76775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solis, Ruben","contributorId":190687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solis","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017893,"text":"70017893 - 1993 - Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:16:47","indexId":"70017893","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","docAbstract":"Vapor sorption isotherms of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) at room temperature and isotherms of N2 gas at liquid nitrogen temperature were determined for various soils and minerals. The N2 monolayer capacities [Qm (N2)] were calculated from the BET equation and used to determine the surface areas. To examine whether EGME is an appropriate adsorbate for determination of surface areas, the apparent EGME monolayer capacities [Qm (EGME)ap] were also obtained by use of the BET equation. For sand, aluminum oxide, kaolinite, hematite, and synthetic hydrous iron oxide, which are relatively free of organic impurity and expanding/solvating minerals, the Qm (EGME)ap values are in good conformity with the corresponding Qm (N2) values and would give surface areas consistent with BET (N2) values. For other samples (Woodburn soil, a natural hydrous iron oxide, illite, and montmorillonite), the Qm (EGME)ap values overestimate the Qm (N2) values from a moderate to a large extent, depending on the sample. A high-organic-content peat shows a very small BET (N2) surface area; the EGME/ peat isotherm is linear and does not yield a calculation of the surface area. Large discrepancies between results of the two methods for some samples are attributed to the high solubility of polar EGME in soil organic matter and/ or to the cation solvation of EGME with solvating clays. The agreement for other samples is illustrative of the consistency of the BET method when different adsorbates are used, so long as they do not exhibit bulk penetration and/or cation solvation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00045a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Rutherford, D., and Manes, M., 1993, Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1587-1594, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1594","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930be4b08c986b31a256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}