We have devised a technique for determining chloride in interstitial water of consolidated rocks. Samples of rocks ranging from 5 to 10 g are crushed and sieved under controlled conditions and then ground with distilled water to submicron size in a closed mechanical mill. After ultra-centrifugation, chloride content is determined by coulometric titration. The chloride concentrations and total pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same samples by low-temperature vacuum desiccation, are used to arrive at the \"original\" pore-water chloride concentrations by a simple iteration procedure. Interstitial chlorinity results obtained from Cretaceous and Jurassic strata in the Gulf of Mexico coastal areas ranged from 20 to 100 g/kg Cl with reproducibility approaching +/- 1%. We have also applied the technique to igneous and metamorphic bedrocks as well as ocean basalts containing 1 % water or less. Chloride values ranging from 6.7 to 20 g/kg with a reproducibility of about 5% were obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/12724-PA","issn":"01977520","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Peck, E., and Lane, C.M., 1985, Determination of interstitial chloride in shales and consolidated rocks by a precision leaching technique: Society of Petroleum Engineers journal, v. 25, no. 5, p. 704-710, https://doi.org/10.2118/12724-PA.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"710","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd43e4b0c8380cd4e71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, E.E.","contributorId":77302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, Candice M.","contributorId":80823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012265,"text":"70012265 - 1985 - The Dunbar Gneiss-granitoid dome: Implications for early Proterozoic tectonic evolution of northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T00:52:03.874553","indexId":"70012265","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Dunbar Gneiss-granitoid dome: Implications for early Proterozoic tectonic evolution of northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Dunbar dome in northeastern Wisconsin is a critical structural feature in the early Proterozoic Penokean orogen. It provides exposures of gneisses (Dunbar Gneiss) that structurally underlie the voluminous metavolcanic rocks of northeastern Wisconsin, and exposures of abundant granitoid rocks ranging from tonalite to granite. The granitoid rocks cut both the gneisses in the core and the supracrustal (cover) metavolcanic rocks and were emplaced essentially along the core-cover boundary. The Dunbar Gneiss is calc-alkaline and was derived from volcanic and intrusive rocks of intermediate composition. The various intrusive rocks have calcic, calc-alkaline, and alkali to alkali-calcic compositions, and they progress with time to more SiO2 and K2-rich compositions. U-Pb zircon ages indicate that accumulation of the layered rocks in the core and cover, deformation and metamorphism, and intrusion of the granitoid rocks spanned a relatively short time, ∼1865–1835 Ma.
We interpret the dome as being a large-scale, fold-interference structure resulting from polydeformation modified by diapirism. Northeast-oriented folds (F3) and a related mylonitic foliation (S3), nearly confined to the dome, are superposed on northwest-oriented folds (F2) that developed during regional deformation. In the core-cover boundary, these structures are obliterated by a zone of intense deformation—a mylonitic foliation and a steeply plunging stretching lineation—as much as 500 m wide, which we interpret as resulting from diapirism. Metamorphic zoning is concentric: amphibolite facies in inner parts of the mantle and greenschist facies in the outer part of the mantle.
The Wisconsin magmatic terrane, as represented by the rocks in the Dunbar dome, differs from the epicratonic, early Proterozoic sedimentary-volcanic sequence (Marquette Range Supergroup) in Michigan, to the north, in stratigraphy, structure, and volume and composition of igneous rocks. Whereas the basalts in northern Michigan are compositionally similar to continental rift basalts, the volcanic rocks in the Dunbar dome have over-all island-arc compositional affinities. The over-all calc-alkaline compositions of the intrusive rocks are similar to those in magmatic arcs formed at convergent plate-margin settings. Accordingly, we interpret the Wisconsin magmatic terrane as an oceanic-arc complex that was sutured to the North American continent during development of the Penokean orogen. Similar interpretations based on broad regional observations have been proposed previously.
The210PbPb ratios across two sulfide samples dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are used to estimate the growth rate of the sulfide material and the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid within the oceanic crust from the onset of basalt alteration.210Pb is added to the hydrothermal fluid by two processes: (1) high-temperature alteration of basalt and (2) if the residence time of the fluid is on the order of the 22.3-year half-life of210Pb, by in-situ growth from222Rn (Krishnaswami and Turekian, 1982). Stable lead is derived only from the alteration of basalt.
The210Pb/Pb ratio across one sample was ∼ 0.5 dpm/10−6 g Pb, and across the other it was ∼ 0.4 dpm/10−6 g Pb. These values are quite close to the238UP/b ratios of basalts from the area, suggesting that the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid from the onset of basalt alteration is appreciably less than the mean life of210Pb, i.e., the time required for ingrowth from the radon.
An apparent growth rate of 1.2 cm/yr is derived from the slope of the210Pb/Pb curve for one of the samples. This is consistent with its mineralogy and texture which suggest an accretionary pattern of development. There is no obvious sequential growth pattern, and virtually no gradient in210Pb/Pb across the second sample. This is consistent with alteration of the original210Pb/Pb distribution by extensive remobilization reactions which are inferred from the mineralogic and textural relationships of the sample.
This review of the preceding papers suggests that temporal variability in San Francisco Bay can be characterized by four time scales (hours, days-weeks, months, years) and associated with at least four mechanisms (variations in freshwater inflow, tides, wind, and exchange with coastal waters). The best understood component of temporal variability is the annual cycle, which is most obviously influenced by seasonal variations in freshwater inflow. The winter season of high river discharge is characterized by: large-scale redistribution of the salinity field (e.g. the upper estuary becomes a riverine system); enhanced density stratification and gravitational circulation with shortened residence times in the bay; decreased tissue concentrations of some contaminants (e.g. copper) in resident bivalves; increased estuarine inputs of river-borne materials such as dissolved inorganic nutrients (N, P, Si), suspended sediments, and humic materials; radical redistributions of pelagic organisms such as copepods and fish; low phutoplankton biomass and primary productivity in the upper estuary; and elimination of freshwater-intolerant species of macroalgae and benthic infauna from the upper estuary. Other mechanisms modulate this river-driven annual cycle: (1) wind speed is highly seasonal (strongest in summer) and causes seasonal variations in atmosphere-water column exchange of dissolved gases, resuspension, and the texture of surficial sediments; (2) seasonal variations in the coastal ocean (e.g. the spring-summer upwelling season) influence species composition of plankton and nutrient concentrations that are advected into the bay; and (3) the annual temperature cycle influences a few selected features (e.g. production and hatching of copepod resting eggs). Much of the interannual variability in San Francisco Bay is also correlated with freshwater inflow: wet years with persistently high river discharge are characterized by persistent winter-type conditions. Mechanisms of short-term variability are not as well understood, although some responses to storm events (pulses in residual currents from wind forcing, erosion of surficial sediments by wind waves, redistribution of fish populations) and the neap-spring tidal cycle (enhanced salinity stratification, gravitational circulation, and phytoplankton biomass during neap tides) have been quantified. In addition to these somewhat predictable features of variability are (1) largely unexplained episodic events (e.g. anomalous blooms of drift macroalgae), and (2) long-term trends directly attributable to human activities (e.g. introduction of exotic species that become permanent members of the biota). ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048697","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., and Nichols, F., 1985, Time scales and mechanisms of estuarine variability, a synthesis from studies of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 229-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048697.","startPage":"229","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048697"},{"id":222438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3abe4b08c986b325f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012311,"text":"70012311 - 1985 - Electronic spectra of Fe3+ oxides and oxide hydroxides in the near IR to near UV.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012311","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electronic spectra of Fe3+ oxides and oxide hydroxides in the near IR to near UV.","docAbstract":"Optical absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra of several Fe2O3 and FeOOH polymorphs (hematite, maghemite, goethite, lepidocrocite) in the near-IR to near-UV spectral regions (2000-200 nm) are presented. The spectra consist primarily of Fe3+ ligand field and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Sherman, D.M., and Waite, T., 1985, Electronic spectra of Fe3+ oxides and oxide hydroxides in the near IR to near UV.: American Mineralogist, v. 70, no. 11-12, p. 1262-1269.","startPage":"1262","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08abe4b0c8380cd51c08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherman, David M.","contributorId":73218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012878,"text":"70012878 - 1985 - Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012878","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho","docAbstract":"Regional variations in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (ri) of Mesozoic plutons in central Idaho locate the edge of Precambrian continental crust at the boundary between the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic accreted terranes and Precambrian sialic crust in western Idaho. The ri values increase abruptly but continuously from less than 0.704 in the accreted terranes to greater than 0.708 across a narrow, 5 to 15 km zone, characterized by elongate, lens-shaped, highly deformed plutons and schistose metasedimentary and metavolcanic units. The chemical and petrologic character of the plutons changes concomitantly from ocean-arc-type, diorite-tonalite-trondhjemite units to a weakly peraluminous, calcic to calcalkalic tonalite-granodiorite-granite suite (the Idaho batholith). Plutons in both suites yield Late Cretaceous ages, but Permian through Early Cretaceous bodies are confined to the accreted terranes and early Tertiary intrusions are restricted to areas underlain by Precambrian crust. The two major terranes were juxtaposed between 75 and 130 m.y. ago, probably between 80 and 95 m.y. Oxygen and strontium isotopic ratios and Rb and Sr concentrations of the plutonic rocks document a significant upper-crustal contribution to the magmas that intrude Precambrian crust. Magmas intruding the arc terranes were derived from the upper mantle/subducted oceanic lithosphere and may have been modified by anatexis of earlier island-arc volcanic and sedimentary units. Plutons near the edge of Precambrian sialic crust represent simple mixtures of the Precambrian wall-rocks with melts derived from the upper mantle or subducted oceanic lithosphere with ri of 0.7035. Rb/Sr varies linearly with ri, producing \"pseudoisochrons\" with apparent \"ages\" close to the age of the wall rocks. Measured ??18O values of the wall rocks are less than those required for the assimilated end-member by Sr-O covariation in the plutons, however, indicating that wall-rock ??18O was reduced significantly by exchange with circulating fluids. Metasedimentary rocks of the Belt Supergroup are similarly affected near the batholith, documenting a systematic depletion in 18O as much as 50 km from the margin of the batholith. Plutons of the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith are remote from the accreted terranes and represent mixtures of Precambrian wall-rocks with melts dominated by continental lower crust (ri>0.708) rather than mantle. \"Pseudoisochrons\" resulting from these data are actually mixing lines that yield apparent \"ages\" less than the true age of the wall rocks and meaningless \"ri\". Assimilation/ fractional-crystallization models permit only insignificant amounts of crystal fractionation during anatexis and mixing for the majority of plutons of the region. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00378269","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R., and Criss, R., 1985, Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, no. 2-3, p. 291-308, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378269.","startPage":"291","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378269"},{"id":222684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ba5e4b08c986b31cff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1004014,"text":"1004014 - 1985 - Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T17:17:25","indexId":"1004014","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann)) shot within 20 km of the zinc smelters in the Palmerton, Pennsylvania area contained extremely high renal concentrations of cadmium (372 ppm dry weight (dw)) and zinc (600 ppm dw). The deer with the highest renal zinc concentration was shot 4 km from the smelters and had joint lesions similar to those seen in zinc-poisoned horses from the same area. The highest concentrations of lead in both hard and soft tissues were relatively low, 10.9 ppm dw in a sample of teeth, 17.4 ppm dw in a metacarpus, and 4.9 ppm dw in a kidney.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289","usgsCitation":"Sileo, L., and Beyer, W.N., 1985, Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 21, no. 3, p. 289-296, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.65803527832031,\n 40.79418844410055\n ],\n [\n -75.64104080200195,\n 40.800036305086536\n ],\n [\n -75.6382942199707,\n 40.80211542040426\n ],\n [\n -75.63486099243164,\n 40.80120581546625\n ],\n [\n -75.62662124633789,\n 40.8034148344062\n ],\n [\n -75.6269645690918,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -75.62370300292969,\n 40.80653332421558\n ],\n [\n -75.62370300292969,\n 40.810821008436506\n ],\n [\n -75.61168670654297,\n 40.81315962851092\n ],\n [\n -75.61014175415039,\n 40.81147063339219\n ],\n [\n -75.60585021972656,\n 40.81289978590656\n ],\n [\n -75.60310363769531,\n 40.81199032877736\n ],\n [\n -75.59417724609375,\n 40.81471866276641\n ],\n [\n -75.59022903442383,\n 40.81276986422277\n ],\n [\n -75.57872772216797,\n 40.81458874464439\n ],\n [\n -75.57546615600586,\n 40.81199032877736\n ],\n [\n -75.57546615600586,\n 40.808482305933566\n ],\n [\n -75.57683944702148,\n 40.80536390770918\n ],\n [\n -75.59795379638672,\n 40.79899672300568\n ],\n [\n -75.6027603149414,\n 40.800036305086536\n ],\n [\n -75.6053352355957,\n 40.798736824941535\n ],\n [\n -75.60722351074219,\n 40.79756727106044\n ],\n [\n -75.61357498168945,\n 40.79626774258087\n ],\n [\n -75.61992645263672,\n 40.79639769657359\n ],\n [\n -75.62370300292969,\n 40.79444835997204\n ],\n [\n -75.62885284423828,\n 40.79288884947995\n ],\n [\n -75.63589096069336,\n 40.790679480243526\n ],\n [\n -75.64395904541014,\n 40.78950978441435\n ],\n [\n -75.65597534179688,\n 40.79080944517486\n ],\n [\n -75.65803527832031,\n 40.79418844410055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cd3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012907,"text":"70012907 - 1985 - Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:57:59.645656","indexId":"70012907","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Lamproite sills and their associated sedimentary and contact metamorphic rocks from Woodson County, Kansas have been analyzed for major elements, selected trace elements, and strontium isotopic composition. These lamproites, like lamproites elsewhere, are alkalic (molecular
Ba and, to a lesser extent, K and Rb and have been transported from the intrusions at shallow depth into the surrounding contact metamorphic zone. The Silver City lamproite has vertical fractionation of some elements due either to volatile transport or to variations in the abundance of phenocrysts relative to groundmass most probably due to flow differentiation although multiple injection or fractional crystallization cannot be conclusively rejected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90289-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cullers, R., Ramakrishnan, S., Berendsen, P., and Griffin, T., 1985, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1383-1402, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90289-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1402","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16dbe4b0c8380cd552b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullers, R.L.","contributorId":103007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullers","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramakrishnan, S.","contributorId":71698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramakrishnan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berendsen, P.","contributorId":68037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berendsen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, T.","contributorId":108252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012276,"text":"70012276 - 1985 - FINDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON COAL QUALITY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012276","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"FINDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON COAL QUALITY.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been doing research on coal quality for almost a century. Most of the work of the USGS regarding coal went into efforts to assess the quantity of coal in the United States, not the quality. On April 9-11, 1985, the U. S. Geological Survey, along with cosponsors - the Association of American State Geologists, the U. S. Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency - convened a symposium on coal quality at the headquarters of the USGS in Reston, Virginia. The coal-quality symposium provided a forum for the discussion of a wide variety of topics with regard to coal-quality research and related activities. The coal community took advantage of that opportunity to recommend a large agenda of coal-research needs, not only for the USGS but for the entire spectrum of organizations that either actively pursue or fund research on coal quality.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Pittsburgh","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Schweinfurth, S.P., and Garbini, S., 1985, FINDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON COAL QUALITY., Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, p. 261-272.","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e75e4b0c8380cd53474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweinfurth, Stanley P.","contributorId":99123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweinfurth","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbini, Susan","contributorId":28010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbini","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013082,"text":"70013082 - 1985 - More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:32:01","indexId":"70013082","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk","docAbstract":"French and United Kingdom workers have published reports describing a sudden change in the secular acceleration, called an impulse or a jerk, which took place around 1970. They claim that this change took place in a period of a year or two and that the sources of the alleged jerk are internal. An earlier paper by this author questioned their method of analysis pointing out that their method of piecemeal fitting of parabolas to the data will always create a discontinuity in the secular acceleration where the parabolas join and that the place where the parabolas join is an a priori assumption and not a result of the analysis. This paper gives a very brief summary of this first paper and then adds additional reasons for questioning the allegation that there was a worldwide sudden jerk in the magnetic field of internal origin around 1970. These new reasons are based largely on new field models which give cubic approximations of the field right through the 1970 timeframe and therefore have no discontinuities in the second derivative (jerk) around 1970. Some recent Japanese work shows several sudden changes in the secular variation pattern which cover limited areas and do not seem to be closely related to each other or to the irregularity noted in the European area near 1970. The secular variation picture which seems to be emerging is one with many local or limited-regional secular variation changes which appear to be almost unrelated to each other in time or space. A worldwide spherical harmonic model including coefficients up to degree 13 could never properly depict such a situation. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1985, More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 39, no. 4, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90138-4"},{"id":220569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e29e4b0c8380cd70833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012806,"text":"70012806 - 1985 - GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TIGHT GAS RESERVOIRS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012806","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2129,"text":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TIGHT GAS RESERVOIRS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION.","docAbstract":"The authors describe some geologic characteristics of tight gas reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain region. These reservoirs usually have an in-situ permeability to gas of 0. 1 md or less and can be classified into four general geologic and engineering categories: (1) marginal marine blanket, (2) lenticular, (3) chalk, and (4) marine blanket shallow. Microscopic study of pore/permeability relationships indicates the existence of two varieties of tight reservoirs. One variety is tight because of the fine grain size of the rock. The second variety is tight because the rock is relatively tightly cemented and the pores are poorly connected by small pore throats and capillaries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01492136","usgsCitation":"Spencer, C., 1985, GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TIGHT GAS RESERVOIRS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION.: JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 37, no. 8, p. 1308-1314.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1314","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ee4b0c8380cd549bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Charles W.","contributorId":13234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013012,"text":"70013012 - 1985 - GELIFICATION OF WOOD DURING COALIFICATION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70013012","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GELIFICATION OF WOOD DURING COALIFICATION.","docAbstract":"Coalified wood was examined by SEM and CPMAS**1**3C NMR to delineate chemical and physical alterations responsible for gelification. Early coalification selectively degrades cellulosic components, preserving lignin-like components that are eventually transformed to coal. Cellular morphology persists until the chemical composition becomes uniform, at which point the cells coalesce under compaction and gelify.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Sydney, Aust","isbn":"0080298710","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P., Romankiw, L.A., and Evans, J.R., 1985, GELIFICATION OF WOOD DURING COALIFICATION., Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science., Sydney, Aust, p. 616-619.","startPage":"616","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1447e4b0c8380cd5499a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":17367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romankiw, Lisa A.","contributorId":90035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romankiw","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012660,"text":"70012660 - 1985 - Removal of iron interferences by solvent extraction for geochemical analysis by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T15:20:59.376868","indexId":"70012660","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of iron interferences by solvent extraction for geochemical analysis by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry","docAbstract":"Iron is a common interferent in the determination of many elements in geochemical samples. Two approaches for its removal have been taken. The first involves removal of iron by extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from hydrochloric acid medium, leaving the analytes in the aqueous phase. The second consists of reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) by ascorbic acid to minimize its extraction into MIBK, so that the analytes may be isolated by extraction. Elements of interest can then be determined using the aqueous solution or the organic extract, as appropriate. Operating factors such as the concentration of hydrochloric acid, amounts of iron present, number of extractions, the presence or absence of a salting-out agent, and the optimum ratio of ascorbic acid to iron have been determined. These factors have general applications in geochemical analysis by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80259-9","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Zhou, L., Chao, T.T., and Sanzolone, R.F., 1985, Removal of iron interferences by solvent extraction for geochemical analysis by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry: Talanta, v. 32, no. 6, p. 475-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80259-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"478","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa72ee4b0c8380cd85282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, L.","contributorId":68455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012921,"text":"70012921 - 1985 - A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:33:30.595254","indexId":"70012921","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model","docAbstract":"A simple two-dimensional dam-break model is developed for flood plain study purposes. Both a finite difference grid and an irregular triangle element integrated finite difference formulation are presented. The governing flow equations are approximately solved as a diffusion model coupled to the equation of continuity. Application of the model to a hypothetical dam-break study indicates that the approach can be used to predict a two-dimensional dam-break flood plain over a broad, flat plain more accurately than a one-dimensional model, especially when the flow can break-out of the main channel and then return to the channel at other downstream reaches. ?? 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(85)90074-0","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., Berenbrock, C., Freckleton, J.R., and Guymon, G.L., 1985, A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model: Advances in Water Resources, v. 8, no. 1, p. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(85)90074-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e608e4b0c8380cd470fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, C. E.","contributorId":103321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012915,"text":"70012915 - 1985 - Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:08:09","indexId":"70012915","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger","docAbstract":"Noncontaminating procedures were used during the hollow-stem auger installation of 12 observation wells on three hazardous waste sites in Kansas. Special precautions were taken to ensure that water samples were representative of the ground water in the aquifer and were not subjected to contamination from the land surface or cross contamination from within borehole. Precautions included thorough cleaning of the hollow-stem auger and casing, keeping drill cuttings from falling back into the borehole while drilling, and not adding water to the borehole. These procedures were designed to prevent contamination of the ground water during well installation. Because of the use of water during well installation could contaminate the aquifer or dilute contaminants already present in the aquifer, two methods of well installation that did not introduce outside water to the borehole were used. The first method involved using a slotted 3/4 -inch coupling that was attached to the bit plate of the hollow-stem auger, allowing formation water to enter the auger, thereby preventing sand-plug formation. This method proved to be adequate, except when drilling through clay layers, which tended to clog the slotted coupling. The second method involved screened well swab that allowed only formation water to enter the hollow-stem auger and prevented sand from plugging the hollow-stem auger when the bit plate was removed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 5, no. 4, p. 70-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x.","startPage":"70","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268113,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c27e4b0c8380cd62afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012659,"text":"70012659 - 1985 - Locating CVBEM collocation points for steady state heat transfer problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:52:34.715769","indexId":"70012659","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1514,"text":"Engineering Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating CVBEM collocation points for steady state heat transfer problems","docAbstract":"The Complex Variable Boundary Element Method or CVBEM provides a highly accurate means of developing numerical solutions to steady state two-dimensional heat transfer problems. The numerical approach exactly solves the Laplace equation and satisfies the boundary conditions at specified points on the boundary by means of collocation. The accuracy of the approximation depends upon the nodal point distribution specified by the numerical analyst. In order to develop subsequent, refined approximation functions, four techniques for selecting additional collocation points are presented. The techniques are compared as to the governing theory, representation of the error of approximation on the problem boundary, the computational costs, and the ease of use by the numerical analyst.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-682X(85)90061-9","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1985, Locating CVBEM collocation points for steady state heat transfer problems: Engineering Analysis, v. 2, no. 2, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-682X(85)90061-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48fce4b0c8380cd68298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013056,"text":"70013056 - 1985 - The National Cartographic Information Center: An information resource on mapping products for the nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T15:36:07.451625","indexId":"70013056","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3345,"text":"Science and Technology Libraries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The National Cartographic Information Center: An information resource on mapping products for the nation","docAbstract":"Since its inception in 1974 the National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC), U.S. Geological Survey, has rapidly developed to become a focial point for providing information on the availability of cartographic data, including maps/charts, aerial photographics, satellite imagery, geodetic control, digitial mapping data, map materials and related cartographic products. In early years NCIC concentrated its efforts on encoding and entering several major National Mapping Division record collections into its systems. NCIC is now stressing the acquisition of data from sources outside the National Mapping Division, including 37 Federal agencies and more than a thousand State and private insitutions. A critial review has recently been conducted by NCIC of its systems with the aim of improving its efficiency and levels of operation. Several activities which resulted include improving its existing networks, refinement of digital distribution, study of new storage media and related parts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1300/J122v05n03_03","issn":"0194262X","usgsCitation":"Stevens, A.R., 1985, The National Cartographic Information Center: An information resource on mapping products for the nation: Science and Technology Libraries, v. 5, no. 3, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1300/J122v05n03_03.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6134e4b0c8380cd7183e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Alan R.","contributorId":82842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44463,"text":"wri854042 - 1985 - Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:41:41.800138","indexId":"wri854042","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4042","title":"Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854042","usgsCitation":"Darden, D., 1985, Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4042, 1 Plate: 23.00 x 26.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854042.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.00 x 26.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4042/report.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Eutaw-McShan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.657,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.657,\n 32.767\n ],\n [\n -89.096,\n 32.767\n ],\n [\n -89.096,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.657,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b415b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darden, Daphne","contributorId":12489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darden","given":"Daphne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013090,"text":"70013090 - 1985 - Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T20:53:21","indexId":"70013090","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","docAbstract":"Solubility relations in the ternary system NaCl-FeCl2-H2O have been determined by the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 20 to 85??C along six composition lines. These she composition lines are defined by mixing FeCl2??4H2O with six aqueous NaCl solutions containing 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, and 25 wt % of NaCl, respectively. The solid phases encountered in these experiments were NaCl and FeCl2??4H2O. The maximum uncertainties in these measurements are ??0.02 wt % NaCl and ??0.15??C. The data along each composition line were regressed to a smooth curve when only one solid phase was stable. When two solids were stable along a composition line, the data were regressed to two smooth curves, the intersection of which indicated the point where the two solids coexisted. The maximum deviation of the measured solubilities from the smoothed curves is 0.14 wt % FeCl2. Isothermal solubilities of halite and FeCl2??4H2O were calculated from these smoothed curves at 25, 50, and 70 ??C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/je00040a027","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Phan, L., 1985, Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 30, no. 2, p. 216-218, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027.","startPage":"216","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269096,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9248e4b08c986b319df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phan, L.D.","contributorId":107429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phan","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013060,"text":"70013060 - 1985 - Root zone of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T15:36:35.888731","indexId":"70013060","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Root zone of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The eroded root of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera crops out in a striking, roughly elliptical feature, about 27 km long and 22 km wide, near the northeastern edge of the Arabian Shield. The caldera is genetically part of an elongate alkalic granitic massif (Jabal Salma) that extends 35 km from the caldera to the southwest. Comenditic ash flow tuff and lava(?) of the caldera fill, probably more than 1 km thick, are the oldest recognized rocks of the caldera complex. These rocks were erupted during caldera collapse associated with the rapid evacuation of the upper, mildly peralkalic part of a zoned magma reservoir. Within the caldera fill, a massive, lithic-rich intracaldera rhyolite, probably a lava in excess of 1 km thick, is overlain by a layered ash flow sequence. Numerous megabreccia blocks, probably derived from the caldera wall, occur in the massive rhyolite. Open folds in the layered volcanic rocks may be due to high-temperature slumping of the rocks toward the center of the caldera following collapse. Later peralkalic granite that intruded the caldera ring fracture zone occurs in an arcuate pattern outside the area of exposed caldera fill. After caldera collapse, metaluminous to peraluminous magma rose beneath the caldera at approximately 580 Ma and solidified as biotite alkali granite, rim syenogranite, and late, high-level granophyre. Rare earth element abundances indicate that the layered rhyolite tuff, peralkalic granite, and granophyre are chemically more evolved than the biotite alkali granite and rim syenogranite. The granophyre intruded the caldera fill as a dome-shaped body composed of numerous sheetlike masses. Granophyric texture resulted from rapid pressure release and quenching accompanying the intrusion of each sheet. Maximum penetration of the granophyre into overlying rocks occurred in the central region and along the west side of the caldera, where the caldera fill volcanic rocks have been removed by erosion. No apparent structural doming of the exposed volcanic rocks along the east side of the caldera took place; the layered ash flows commonly dip steeply toward the center of the caldera. Postemplacement deformation and metamorphism of the caldera are minimal. Small-displacement strike-slip faults cut the complex, which is tilted to the northeast by no more than about 2°.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11253","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., 1985, Root zone of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11253-11262, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11253.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11253","endPage":"11262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae8ae4b0c8380cd8710c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, K.S.","contributorId":99145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012897,"text":"70012897 - 1985 - CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012897","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES.","docAbstract":"Insoluble residues from three sequences of Paleozoic marine evaporites (Retsof salt bed in western New York, Salado Formation in south-eastern New Mexico, and Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation in southeastern Utah) are rich in trioctahedral clays. Chlorite (clinochlore), corrensite (mixed-layer chlorite-trioctahedral smectite), talc, and illite (the only dioctahedral clay) are the dominant clay minerals; serpentine, discrete trioctahedral smectite (saponite), and interstratified talc-trioctahedral smectite are sporadically abundant. These clay-mineral assemblages differ chemically and mineralogically from those observed in most continental and normal marine rocks, which commonly contain kaolinite, dioctahedral smectite (beidellite-montmorillonite), illite, mixed-layer illite-dioctahedral smectite, and, in most cases, no more than minor quantities of trioctahedral clay minerals. The distinctive clay mineralogy in these evaporite sequences suggests a largely authigenic origin. These clay minerals are thought to have formed during deposition and early diagenesis through interaction between argillaceous detritus and Mg-rich marine evaporite brines.","conferenceTitle":"Mineralogy - Applications to the Minerals Industry, Proceedings of the Paul F. Kerr Memorial Symposium.","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0895204460","usgsCitation":"Bodine, M.W., 1985, CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES., Mineralogy - Applications to the Minerals Industry, Proceedings of the Paul F. Kerr Memorial Symposium., New York, NY, USA, p. 133-156.","startPage":"133","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d0e4b0c8380cd4b3c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodine, Marc W. Jr.","contributorId":25974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodine","given":"Marc","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}