No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metals in groundwater","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis ","publisherLocation":"Chelsea, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Becher, K.D., Rea, B., Maest, A., and Garabedian, S., 1993, Influence of redox environment and aqueous speciation on metal transport in groundwater: Preliminary results of tracer injection studies, chap. of Metals in groundwater, p. 223-273.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a81988e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, H.E.","contributorId":40272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747207,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perdue, E. Michael","contributorId":86904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perdue","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747208,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, D.","contributorId":99338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747209,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.","contributorId":41376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becher, Kent D. 0000-0002-3947-0793","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-0793","contributorId":204184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, B.A.","contributorId":39008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maest, A.S.","contributorId":86364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199899,"text":"70199899 - 1993 - Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:27:26","indexId":"70199899","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:23:43","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling change in environmental systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Duff, J.H., Harvey, J.W., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F., 1993, Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum, chap. of Modeling change in environmental systems, p. 163-187.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a819892","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747201,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199809,"text":"70199809 - 1993 - Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T07:35:23","indexId":"70199809","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T07:33:41","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Back, W., Baedecker, M.J., and Wood, W., 1993, Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective, chap. of Regional ground-water quality, p. 111-129.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a819898","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, William 0000-0001-7286-3938 walley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-3938","contributorId":140175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746713,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, W.","contributorId":103050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185436,"text":"70185436 - 1993 - A perspective on stream-catchment connections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:19:14","indexId":"70185436","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A perspective on stream-catchment connections","docAbstract":"Ecological study of the hyporheic zone is leading to recognition of a need for additional hydrologic understanding. Some of this understanding can be obtained by viewing the hyporheic zone as a succession of isolated boxes adjacent to the stream. Further understanding, particularly relevant to catchment-scale ecology, may come from studies focussed on the fluid mechanics of the flow-path connections between streams and their catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467684","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1993, A perspective on stream-catchment connections: Freshwater Science, v. 12, no. 1, p. 44-47, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467684.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"44","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185457,"text":"70185457 - 1993 - An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:58:04","indexId":"70185457","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","docAbstract":"Several investigators have proposed solute transport models that incorporate the effects of transient storage. Transient storage occurs in small streams when portions of the transported solute become isolated in zones of water that are immobile relative to water in the main channel (e.g., pools, gravel beds). Transient storage is modeled by adding a storage term to the advection-dispersion equation describing conservation of mass for the main channel. In addition, a separate mass balance equation is written for the storage zone. Although numerous applications of the transient storage equations may be found in the literature, little attention has been paid to the numerical aspects of the approach. Of particular interest is the coupled nature of the equations describing mass conservation for the main channel and the storage zone. In the work described herein, an implicit finite difference technique is developed that allows for a decoupling of the governing differential equations. This decoupling method may be applied to other sets of coupled equations such as those describing sediment-water interactions for toxic contaminants. For the case at hand, decoupling leads to a 50% reduction in simulation run time. Computational costs may be further reduced through efficient application of the Thomas algorithm. These techniques may be easily incorporated into existing codes and new applications in which simulation run time is of concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02217","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Chapra, S.C., 1993, An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 211-215, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02217.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"211","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapra, Steven C.","contributorId":189667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapra","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175097,"text":"70175097 - 1993 - Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:30:04","indexId":"70175097","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research","publisherLocation":"Hamilton, New Zealand","usgsCitation":"McBride, G.B., Vant, W.N., Cloern, J., and Liley, J.B., 1993, Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand ","otherGeospatial":"Manukau Harbour","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 174.17724609374997,\n -37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n 175.352783203125,\n -37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n 175.352783203125,\n -36.67723060234621\n ],\n [\n 174.17724609374997,\n -36.67723060234621\n ],\n [\n 174.17724609374997,\n -37.43997405227057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cade4b0589fa1c9809b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vant, W. N.","contributorId":173249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vant","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liley, J. B.","contributorId":173251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188275,"text":"70188275 - 1993 - New reference materials for nitrogen-isotope-ratio measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T17:30:52.343182","indexId":"70188275","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1821,"text":"Geostandards Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New reference materials for nitrogen-isotope-ratio measurements","docAbstract":"Three new reference materials were manufactured for calibration of relative stable nitrogen‐isotope‐ratio measurements:
USGS25 (ammonium sulfate) δ615″=−30 per mil
USGS26 (ammonium sulfate) δ615″=+54 per mil
USGS32 (potassium nitrate) δ615″=+180 per mil
where δN′, relative to atmospheric nitrogen, is an approximate value subject to change following interlaboratory comparisons. These materials are isotopically homogeneous in aliquots at least as small as 10 pot N, (or about 1‐2 mg of salt). The new reference materials greatly extend the range of δ15N values of internationally distributed standards, and they allow normalization of δ15N measurements over almost the full range of known natural isotope variation on Earth. The methods used to produce these materials may be adapted to produce homogeneous local laboratory standards for routine use.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geoanalysts","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.1993.tb00131.x","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., Gwinn, C.J., and Coplen, T., 1993, New reference materials for nitrogen-isotope-ratio measurements: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 17, no. 1, p. 159-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1993.tb00131.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gwinn, C. J.","contributorId":192614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwinn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T. B.","contributorId":118620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":68267,"text":"ha722H - 1993 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T19:26:42.743567","indexId":"ha722H","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"H","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"The purpose of the investigation is to provide a description of the principal geohydrologic systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas. This investigation was made as part of the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA). The CMRASA is one of several major investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey of regional aquifer systems in the United States. These regional investigations are designed to increase knowledge of the flow regime and hydrologic properties of major aquifer systems and to provide quantitative information for the assessment, development, and management of water supplies. The CMRASA study area includes all or parts of 10 Central Midwestern States (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981), as shown of the envelope cover.
This Hydrologic Investigations Atlas, which consists of a series of chapters, presents a description of the physical framework and geohydrology of principal aquifers and confining systems in Kansas. Chapter H presents the geohydrology of the upper aquifer unit in the Western Interior Plains aquifer system. The physical framework of the aquifer system in relation to other systems is described by maps and sections showing areal extent and the thickness of rocks that compose the unit. The physical framework of the upper aquifer unit is described in detail in chapter D of the atlas (Hansen and others, in press). The hydrology of the system in relation to that of other systems is described in this chapter by maps showing the altitude of fluid levels and the direction of water movement within the unit. The chemical composition of water in the system is described by maps that show the distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and the differences in water types on the basis of principal chemical constituents. Chapter A of this atlas series (Wolf and others, 1990) describes the relation of principal geohydrologic systems in Kansas and presents a more detailed discussion of the methods and data used to prepare and ensure consistency among the sets of maps.
The inorganic geochemistry of three domed ombrogenous peat deposits in Riau and West Kalimantan provinces, Indonesia, was investigated as a possible modern analogue for certain types of low-ash, low-sulfur coal. Mineral matter entering the deposits is apparently limited to small amounts from the allogenic sources of dryfall, rainfall, and diffusion from substrate pore water. In the low-ash peat in the interior of the deposits, a large portion of the mineral matter is authigenic and has been mobilized and stabilized by hydrological, chemical, and biological processes and conditions.
Ash yield and sulfur content are low through most of the peat deposits and average 1.1% and 0.14%, respectively, on a moisture-free basis. Ash and sulfur contents only exceed 5% and 0.3%, respectively, near the base of the deposits, with maximum concentrations of 19.9% ash and 0.56% sulfur. Peat water in all three deposits has a low pH, about 4 units, and low dissolved cation concentration, averaging 14 ppm. Near the base, in the geographic interior of each peat deposit, pH is about two units higher and dissolved cation concentration averages 110 ppm. Relative concentrations of the inorganic constituents vary, resulting in chemical facies in the peat. In general, Si, Al, and Fe are the abundant inorganic constituents, although Mg, Ca, and Na dominate in the middle horizon in the geographic interior of coastal peat deposits.
The composition of the three deposits reported in this paper indicates that domed ombrogenous peat deposits will result in low ash and sulfur coal, probably less than 10% ash and 1% sulfur, even if marine rocks are laterally and vertically adjacent to the coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE286-p23","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, S.G., , S., Cecil, C.B., Kane, J.S., and Soedjono, K., 1993, Inorganic geochemistry of domed peat in Indonesia and its implication for the origin of mineral matter in coal: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 286, p. 23-44, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE286-p23.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"23","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4ce4b0fc4e4492abb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Sandra G. 0000-0002-2097-9100 sneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9100","contributorId":572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Sandra","email":"sneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Supardi","contributorId":191737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Supardi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jean S.","contributorId":22359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soedjono, Kadar","contributorId":191738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soedjono","given":"Kadar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180662,"text":"70180662 - 1993 - Probabalistic projections for recovery of the endangered Cui-ui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:12:59","indexId":"70180662","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabalistic projections for recovery of the endangered Cui-ui","docAbstract":"The cui-ui Chamistes cujus, a lake sucker found in only Pyramid Lake, Nevada, is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and a recovery plan has been formulated in an effort to save it. We used a population simulation model that incorporated environmental stochasticity in water availability to project the persistence of cui-ui over 200 years, Based on this approach, recovery of the species in terms of persistence was evaluated for the existing hydrological situation and for situations involving water supplementation in various amounts. Our calculations indicate that immediate (as of spring 1991) acquisition of 70,000 acre-feet per year of supplemental water to raise levels in Pyramid Lake would have assured recovery and persistence over 200 years with a probability of 0.95. Postponement of acquisition for 3 years followed by incremental increases of 3,000 or 10,000 acre-feet per year would require, respectively, 83,000 and 120,000 acre-feet of annual supplemental water to assure persistence. The approach is applicable to a wide range of species and conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0467:PPFROT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J.M., Strekal, T.A., and Buchanan, C.C., 1993, Probabalistic projections for recovery of the endangered Cui-ui: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 13, no. 3, p. 467-474, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0467:PPFROT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"467","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bae4b072a7ac129948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strekal, Thomas A.","contributorId":178989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strekal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, Chester C.","contributorId":178990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186719,"text":"70186719 - 1993 - Use of acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow measurements of Mata gorda Bay entrance channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:54:30","indexId":"70186719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow measurements of Mata gorda Bay entrance channel","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Man's effect on hydrologic systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Balcones Research Center","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., and Solis, R., 1993, Use of acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow measurements of Mata gorda Bay entrance channel, chap. of Man's effect on hydrologic systems, p. 79-85.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.E.","contributorId":76775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solis, Ruben","contributorId":190687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solis","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27271,"text":"wri924016 - 1993 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:46:48.848163","indexId":"wri924016","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4016","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3 (collectively called the C-holes) each were drilled to a depth of 914.4 meters at Yucca Mountain, on the Nevada Test Site, in 1983 and 1984 for the purpose of conducting aquifer and tracer tests. Each of the boreholes penetrated the Paintbrush Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and bottomed in the Crater Flat Tuff. The geologic units penetrated consist of devitrified to vitrophyric, nonwelded to densely welded, ash-flow tuff, tuff breccia, ash-fall tuff, and bedded tuff. Below the water table, which is at an average depth of 401.6 meters below land surface, the rocks are argillic and zeolitic. The geologic units at the C-hole complex strike N. 2° W. and dip 15° to 21° NE. They are cut by several faults, including the Paintbrush Canyon Fault, a prominent normal fault oriented S. 9° W., 52.2° NW.
The rocks at the C-hole complex are fractured extensively, with most fractures oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of regional least horizontal principal stress. In the Crater Flat Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills, fractures strike predominantly between S. 20° E. and S. 20° W. and secondarily between S. 20° E. and S. 60° E. In the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, however, southeasterly striking fractures predominate. Most fractures are steeply dipping, although shallowly dipping fractures occur in nonwelded and reworked tuff intervals of the Crater Flat Tuff. Mineral-filled fractures are common in the tuff breccia zone of the Tram Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, and, also, in the welded tuff zone of the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The fracture density of geologic units in the C-holes was estimated to range from 1.3 to 7.6 fractures per cubic meter. Most of these estimates appear to be the correct order of magnitude when compared to transect measurements and core data from other boreholes 1.3 orders of magnitude too low.
Geophysical data and laboratory analyses were used to determine matrix hydrologic properties of the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and the Crater Flat Tuff in the C-holes. The porosity ranged from 12 to 43 percent and, on the average, was larger in nonwelded to partially welded, ash-flow tuff, ashfall tuff, and reworked tuff than in moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff. The pore-scale horizontal permeability of nine samples ranged from 5.7x10-3 to 2.9 millidarcies, and the pore-scale vertical permeability of these samples ranged from 3.7x10-3 to 1.5 millidarcies. Ratios of pore-scale horizontal to vertical permeability generally ranged from 0.7 to 2. Although the number of samples was small, values of pore-scale permeability determined were consistent with samples from other boreholes at Yucca Mountain. The specific storage of nonwelded to partially welded ash-flow tuff, ash-fall tuff, and reworked tuff was estimated from porosity and elasticity to be 2x10-6 per meter, twice the specific storage of moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff and tuff breccia. The storativity of geologic units, based on their average thickness (corrected for bedding dip) and specific storage, was estimated to range from 1x10-5 to 2x10-4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924016","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A., 1993, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4016, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924016.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, A. L.","contributorId":46988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68503,"text":"ha722I - 1993 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T19:34:19.068936","indexId":"ha722I","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"I","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha722I","usgsCitation":"Combs, L., Hansen, C.V., and Wolf, R.J., 1993, Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 722, 3 Plates: 36.69 × 39.74 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha722I.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 36.69 × 39.74 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science 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Furthermore, lake hydrologic type proved to be a key factor in determining lake sensitivity: the low alkalinity systems were predominately seepage lakes. To test this hypothesis and identify the controls on the chemistry of these low alkalinity systems, the authors initiated hydrologic, chemical, biological and limnological studies at Lakes Clara and Vandercook in 1980. The report summarizes the results of those studies (including previously published hydrologic results) conducted between 1981 and 1983. The major goals are to assess the sensitivity of the study lakes to acid deposition and to identify key processes controlling the acid-base chemistry of these software seepage lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","collaboration":"Technical bulletin no. 184 Comp&distr 1997 NTIS, Intl Copyright All Rights Re. All rts. reserv. Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey, Madison, WI. 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The spatial distribution of calculated recharge elevations and residence times for groundwater samples tends to support the idea that Kilauea's rift zones comprise leaky boundaries within the regional groundwater flow system, partly isolating the groundwater in the area bounded by the rift zones and the Pacific Ocean. The southwest rift zone also appears to act as a conduit for groundwater recharged at relatively high elevation. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018285,"text":"70018285 - 1993 - Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T10:18:39","indexId":"70018285","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Conceptual models of the thermal structure of the Oregon Cascade Range propose either (1) a narrow zone of magmatic heat sources, flanked by shallow heat-flow anomalies caused by lateral ground-water flow; or (2) a wide zone of magmatic heat sources, with localized, generally negligible ground-water effects. The proposed narrow heat source coincides with the Quaternary volcanic arc, whereas the wider heat source would extend 10–30 km west of the arc. To test the models, four new heat-flow holes were sited west of the Quaternary arc but within the area of the proposed wide heat source. The sites are separated from the Quaternary arc by topographic divides and (or) major river valleys, so that heating by regional-scale ground-water flow seems unlikely. Measured heat flow (76±5 mW mm−2) was significantly lower than the values predicted by interpolation from an existing heat-flow contour map (95±7 mW m−2). The lower values are consistent with a narrow zone of magmatic heat sources. The complete heat-flow data set consists mostly of shallow (100–200 m) data and defines lobate highs around hot-spring groups in the Western Cascades. However, all of the deepest holes in the study area (44°–45°15′N) show hydrologic gradient disturbances extending to depths >200 m, so the shallow data must be extrapolated with caution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90040-T","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Scholl, M.A., and Sherrod, D.R., 1993, Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 3, p. 151-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90040-T.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Western Cascades","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fffe4b0c8380cd5d2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000806,"text":"1000806 - 1993 - Interactions between ground water and wetlands, southern shore of Lake Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:42:09","indexId":"1000806","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between ground water and wetlands, southern shore of Lake Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"Changes in adenylate energy charge (ECA) and in total adenine nucleotides (AT) and DNA content (both normalized to the abundance of free-living, groundwater bacteria) in response to carbon loading were determined for a laboratory-grown culture and for a contaminated aquifer. The latter study involved a 3-km-long transect through a contaminant plume resulting from continued on-land discharge of secondary sewage to a shallow, sandy aquifer on Cape Cod, Mass. With the exception of the most contaminated groundwater immediately downgradient from the contaminant source, DNA and adenylate levels correlated strongly with bacterial abundance and decreased exponentially with increasing distance downgradient. ECAs (0.53 to 0.60) and the ratios of ATP to DNA (0.001 to 0.003) were consistently low, suggesting that the unattached bacteria in this groundwater study are metabolically stressed, despite any eutrophication that might have occurred. Elevated ECAs (up to 0.74) were observed in glucose-amended groundwater, confirming that the metabolic state of this microbial community could be altered. In general, per-bacterium DNA and ATP contents were approximately twofold higher in the plume than in surrounding groundwater, although ECA and per-bacterium levels of AT differed little in the plume and the surrounding uncontaminated groundwater. However, per-bacterium levels of DNA and AT varied six- and threefold, respectively, during a 6-h period of decreasing growth rate for an unidentified pseudomonad isolated from contaminated groundwater and grown in batch culture.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.59.7.2304-2310.1993","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Metge, D.W., Brooks, M.H., Smith, R.L., and Harvey, R.W., 1993, Effect of treated-sewage contamination upon bacterial energy charge, adenine nucleotides, and DNA content in a sandy aquifer on Cape Cod: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 59, no. 7, p. 2304-2310, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.7.2304-2310.1993.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2304","endPage":"2310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.7.2304-2310.1993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape 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dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Myron H. mhbrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":4386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Myron","email":"mhbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018255,"text":"70018255 - 1993 - Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:41:59","indexId":"70018255","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions","docAbstract":"Silica- and styrene-divinylbenzene-based mixed-mode resins that contain C8, C18 and sulphonated cation-exchange groups were compared for their efficiency in isolation of neutral triazine compounds from water and of the basic drug, benzoylecgonine, from urine. The triazine compounds were isolated by a combination of Van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and benzoylecgonine was isolated by Van der Waals interactions and cation exchange. All analytes were eluted with a polar organic solvent contaning 2% ammonium hydroxide. Larger recoveries (95%) were achieved on copolymerized mixed-mode resins where C18 and sulfonic acid are in closer proximity than on 'blended' mixed-mode resins (60-70% recovery).","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D","issn":"00219673","usgsCitation":"Mills, M.S., Thurman, E., and Pedersen, M., 1993, Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 629, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D"}],"volume":"629","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedersen, M.J.","contributorId":28483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018339,"text":"70018339 - 1993 - Tectonic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018339","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tectonic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Tectonic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is needed to assess seismic and possible volcanic hazards that could affect the site during the preclosure (next 100 years) and the behavior of the hydrologic system during the postclosure (the following 10,000 years) periods. Tectonic characterization is based on assembling mapped geological structures in their chronological order of development and activity, and interpreting their dynamic interrelationships. Addition of mechanistic models and kinematic explanations for the identified tectonic processes provides one or more tectonic models having predictive power. Proper evaluation and application of tectonic models can aid in seismic design and help anticipate probable occurrence of future geologic events of significance to the repository and its design.","largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic Analysis and Design Considerations for High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Dynamic Analysis and Design Considerations for High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories","conferenceDate":"19 August 1992 through 20 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629457","usgsCitation":"Whitney, J.W., and O’Leary, D.W., 1993, Tectonic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in Dynamic Analysis and Design Considerations for High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories, San Francisco, CA, USA, 19 August 1992 through 20 August 1992, p. 85-96.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba454e4b08c986b320268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":63396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018251,"text":"70018251 - 1993 - The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:04:05","indexId":"70018251","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface","docAbstract":"The subsurface riparian zone was examined as an ecotone with two interfaces. Inland is a terrestrial boundary, where transport of water and dissolved solutes is toward the channel and controlled by watershed hydrology. Streamside is an aquatic boundary, where exchange of surface water and dissolved solutes is bi-directional and flux is strongly influenced by channel hydraulics. Streamside, bi-directional exchange of water was qualitatively defined using biologically conservative tracers in a third order stream. In several experiments, penetration of surface water extended 18 m inland. Travel time of water from the channel to bankside sediments was highly variable. Subsurface chemical gradients were indirectly related to the travel time. Sites with long travel times tended to be low in nitrate and DO (dissolved oxygen) but high in ammonium and DOC (dissolved organic carbon). Sites with short travel times tended to be high in nitrate and DO but low in ammonium and DOC. Ammonium concentration of interstitial water also was influenced by sorption-desorption processes that involved clay minerals in hyporheic sediments. Denitrification potential in subsurface sediments increased with distance from the channel, and was limited by nitrate at inland sites and by DO in the channel sediments. Conversely, nitrification potential decreased with distance from the channel, and was limited by DO at inland sites and by ammonium at channel locations. Advection of water and dissolved oxygen away from the channel resulted in an oxidized subsurface habitat equivalent to that previously defined as the hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone is viewed as stream habitat because of its high proportion of surface water and the occurrence of channel organisms. Beyond the channel's hydrologic exchange zone, interstitial water is often chemically reduced. Interstitial water that has not previously entered the channel, groundwater, is viewed as a terrestrial component of the riparian ecotone. Thus, surface water habitats may extend under riparian vegetation, and terrestrial groundwater habitats may be found beneath the stream channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00007177","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Duff, J., and Avanzino, R., 1993, The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Hydrobiologia, v. 251, no. 1-3, p. 167-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007177.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007177"}],"volume":"251","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa2e4b08c986b32493c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018232,"text":"70018232 - 1993 - Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:37:56.888342","indexId":"70018232","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","docAbstract":"Correlation analysis in conjunction with principal-component and multiple-regression analyses were applied to laboratory chemical and petrographic data to assess the usefulness of these techniques in evaluating selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers in central Pennsylvania. Correlation and principal-component analyses were used to establish relations and associations among variables, to determine dimensions of property variation of samples, and to filter the variables containing similar information. Principal-component and correlation analyses showed that porosity is related to other measured variables and that permeability is most related to porosity and grain size. Four principal components are found to be significant in explaining the variance of data. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis was used to see how well the measured variables could predict porosity and (or) permeability for this suite of rocks. The variation in permeability and porosity is not totally predicted by the other variables, but the regression is significant at the 5% significance level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., 1993, Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 147, no. 1-4, p. 169-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5de4b08c986b329b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018217,"text":"70018217 - 1993 - Hydrology and chemistry of groundwater and seasonal ponds in the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Delaware, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:40:04.417204","indexId":"70018217","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and chemistry of groundwater and seasonal ponds in the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Delaware, USA","docAbstract":"The hydrochemistry of small seasonal ponds was investigated by studying relations between ground-water and surface water in a forested Coastal Plain drainage basin. Observation of changes in the water table in a series of wells equipped with automatic water-level recorders showed that the relation between water-table configuration and basin topography changes seasonally, and particularly in response to spring recharge. Furthermore, in this study area the water table is not a subdued expression of the land surface topography, as is commonly assumed. During the summer and fall months, a water-table trough underlies sandy ridges separating the seasonal ponds, and maximum water-table altitudes prevail in the sediments beneath the dry pond bottoms. As the ponds fill with water during the winter, maximum water-table altitudes shift to the upland-margin zone adjacent to the seasonal ponds. Increases in pond stage are associated with the development of transient water-table mounds at the upland-margin wells during the spring. The importance of small local-flow systems adjacent to the seasonal ponds also is shown by the similarities in the chemistry of the shallow groundwater in the upland margin and water in the seasonal ponds. The upland margin and surface water samples have low pH (generally less than 5.0), and contain large concentrations of dissolved aluminum (generally more than 100 μg 1−1), and low bicarbonate concentrations (2 mg l4 or less). In contrast, the parts of the surficial aquifer that do not experience transient mounding have higher pH and larger concentrations of bicarbonate. These results suggest that an understanding of the hydrochemistry of seasonally ponded wetlands requires intensive study of the adjacent shallow groundwater-flow system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90048-E","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., and Shedlock, R.J., 1993, Hydrology and chemistry of groundwater and seasonal ponds in the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Delaware, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 141, no. 1-4, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90048-E.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36bbe4b0c8380cd6095c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018044,"text":"70018044 - 1993 - Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:54:39","indexId":"70018044","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951-1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Dugan, J.T., 1993, Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 939-948, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x.","startPage":"939","endPage":"948","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267685,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x"},{"id":228743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe6e4b08c986b3191e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018031,"text":"70018031 - 1993 - A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T07:15:06","indexId":"70018031","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation","docAbstract":"A new mass-conservative method for solution of the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation is derived and discussed. Test results demonstrate that the finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) outperforms standard finite-difference methods, in terms of accuracy and efficiency, for solute transport problems that are dominated by advection. For dispersion-dominated problems, the performance of the method is similar to that of standard methods. Like previous ELLAM formulations, FVELLAM systematically conserves mass globally with all types of boundary conditions. FVELLAM differs from other ELLAM approaches in that integrated finite differences, instead of finite elements, are used to approximate the governing equation. This approach, in conjunction with a forward tracking scheme, greatly facilitates mass conservation. The mass storage integral is numerically evaluated at the current time level, and quadrature points are then tracked forward in time to the next level. Forward tracking permits straightforward treatment of inflow boundaries, thus avoiding the inherent problem in backtracking, as used by most characteristic methods, of characteristic lines intersecting inflow boundaries. FVELLAM extends previous ELLAM results by obtaining mass conservation locally on Lagrangian space-time elements. Details of the integration, tracking, and boundary algorithms are presented. Test results are given for problems in Cartesian and radial coordinates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00403","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Russell, T., 1993, A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 7, p. 2399-2413, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00403.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2399","endPage":"2413","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dbe4b0c8380cd46269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}