The crest-stage gage program in Louisiana was evaluated to determine if the data were adequate for use in developing regional flood-frequency equations and to determine if any crest-stage gage stations could be discontinued. An abundance of data at many crest-stage gage stations and a lack of data for urban areas and flat-slope areas indicated a need for a shift in the number, type, and locations of gages. Correlations and comparisons of annual peak discharges and watershed characteristics of 96 existing stations resulted in the elimination of 72 stations and the addition of one new station, reducing the total network to 25 stations that could be used for future flood-frequency analyses.
The adequacy of the reduced network for development and verification of regional flood-frequency equations was tested by comparing a set of regional flood-frequency equations developed using data from the full network with a set developed using data from the reduced network. The results indicate that the crest-stage gage network can be reduced to 25 stations and still provide adequate information for future flood-frequency analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00190.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R.A., Carlson, D.D., and Wiche, G.J., 1985, Justification for a reduction in the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 21, no. 6, p. 953-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00190.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"965","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fdae4b0c8380cd64891","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, Richard A.","contributorId":6451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Darrell D.","contributorId":63000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40627,"text":"ofr8040 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Pinehaven 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T20:44:38.689192","indexId":"ofr8040","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-40","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Pinehaven 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8040","usgsCitation":"Berge Exploration Inc., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Pinehaven 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-40, Report: ii, 19 p.; 9 Plates: 29.79 x 23.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8040.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 19 p.; 9 Plates: 29.79 x 23.48 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416875,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":77395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77394,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77393,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77392,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77391,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77390,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77389,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77388,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77387,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":77386,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0040/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"McKinley County","otherGeospatial":"Pinehaven 7 1/2-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -108.625,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -108.625,\n 35.375\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 35.375\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berge Exploration Inc.","contributorId":128031,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Berge Exploration Inc.","id":530368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001227,"text":"1001227 - 1985 - Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:18:34","indexId":"1001227","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., and Sharp, D., 1985, Assessment of nasal marker materials and designs used on dabbling ducks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 13, no. 1, p. 53-56.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, D.E.","contributorId":34460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012830,"text":"70012830 - 1985 - Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T15:02:58.701796","indexId":"70012830","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis","docAbstract":"Sulphur compounds volatilized during pyrolysis of acid-leached char were measured to determine characteristics of char desulphurization reactions. Pyrolysis of char in a hydrogen atmosphere (hydropyrolysis) produced a much higher concentration of thiophenic organics compared with that produced during pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. Hydrogen sulphide gas evolution, at progressively increasing pyrolysis temperature in a helium atmosphere, was measured on five char samples: untreated char, hydrochloric acid-leached char, and three model chars: a demineralized char and two demineralized chars incorporated with sulphur via reactions with elemental sulphur. Hydrogen sulphide gas evolution in untreated char and acid-leached char was found to peak in three temperature regions; the maxima are thought to relate to sulphur in different bonding environments. The amounts of hydrogen sulphide volatilized were much higher for acid-leached char than for untreated char. The gas evolved from each of the remaining three samples showed a single peak region corresponding closely to one of the three peak regions observed for the first two chars. The results of this study indicate that elemental sulphur was produced during hydrochloric acid leaching of the untreated char and suggested that the improved rate of desulphurization observed in the char that had been acid-leached before hydropyrolysis was due in part to the conversion of strongly bound mineral sulphur forms to more weakly bound sulphur forms that are predominantly elemental sulphur in character, and are more easily removed by hydrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(85)90001-8","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Loffredo, D., 1985, Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis: Fuel, v. 64, no. 6, p. 731-734, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90001-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9debe4b08c986b31db9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loffredo, D.M.","contributorId":61951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loffredo","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045312,"text":"70045312 - 1985 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:23:44","indexId":"70045312","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1984","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations. The decision to publish the report was made in 1946, from a proposal by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, Subcommittee on Ground Water. The Subcommittee approved the proposal and agreed to issue this report as a means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation. From 1946 to 1947 the report was issued on a quarterly basis, from 1948 to 1953 reports were issued every 6 months, and from 1954 to the present the report has been issued annually.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1985, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1984, xxiii, 219 p.","productDescription":"xxiii, 219 p.","endPage":"246","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1984-01-01","temporalEnd":"1984-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272711,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045312/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386fe4b077fa94dadfe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135829,"text":"70135829 - 1985 - New York Bight fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:36:16","indexId":"70135829","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New York Bight fault","docAbstract":"High-resolution, single-channel and multichannel seismic-reflection profiles in the New York Bight provide 7 crossings of a 50-km-long fault that trends north-northeast for 30 km from its southern end, then bends northeast, and may continue northward beneath Long Island. Displacement, which is consistently down to the west, decreases upsection and suggests a growth fault. Dip of the fault is near vertical. Its maximum offset of 109 m is the largest offset at the base of the Coastal Plain known for any Cretaceous and younger fault along the East Coast. Seismic stratigraphic controls constrain motion on the fault between Late Cretaceous (95 m.y. B.P.) and middle Oligocene (30 m.y. B.P.). The evidence for Quaternary activity is ambiguous.
\n\n
The fault parallels a magnetic low to the east, interpreted as a buried Mesozoic rift basin from seismic-reflection data, and a gravity low to the west, interpreted as a structure within Paleozoic rocks from well data. Whether these structures control the location of, or movement on, the fault is not clear.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<975:NYBF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Grow, J., 1985, New York Bight fault: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 8, p. 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<975:NYBF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"New York Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -73.0535888671875,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -73.0535888671875,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.97291055131899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b746e4b00eda8915ad2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, John A.","contributorId":51739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164351,"text":"70164351 - 1985 - Recent volcano monitoring in Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:42:05","indexId":"70164351","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent volcano monitoring in Costa Rica","docAbstract":"The Costa Rican volacno Rincon de la Vieja is loosely but mysteriously translated as the \"Old Lady's Corner.\" It consists of six volcanic centers that form a remote elongated ridge standing some 1300m above the surrounding terraine. Geologically speaking, the Guanacaste province of northern Costa Rica consists of a series of composite volcanic cones built on a shield of ignimbrites (welded and unwelded ash flows) of Pliocene-Pleistocene age (up to 2 million years old), that themselves lie on basement crust of Cretaceious-Tertiary age (up to 90 million years old). the active volcanoes are aligned on a northwest-southeast axis parallel to the Middle American oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean that is the site of subduction of hte Cocos oceanic plate underneath Central America.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Thorpe, R., Brown, G., Rymer, H., Barritt, S., and Randal, M., 1985, Recent volcano monitoring in Costa Rica: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 44-49.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.3634262084961,\n 10.840724382155452\n ],\n [\n -85.31158447265624,\n 10.850502899153025\n ],\n [\n -85.2975082397461,\n 10.803967790000689\n ],\n [\n -85.34351348876953,\n 10.793513257694597\n ],\n [\n -85.3634262084961,\n 10.840724382155452\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe6e4b010e2af2a5e01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorpe, R.","contributorId":156262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorpe","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G.","contributorId":83293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rymer, H.","contributorId":87763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barritt, S.","contributorId":156263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barritt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Randal, M.","contributorId":156264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70135827,"text":"70135827 - 1985 - Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:53:45","indexId":"70135827","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform","docAbstract":"A major fault cutting through most of the crust can be identified and mapped on the Long Island platform using multichannel seismic reflection profiles and magnetic data. The fault, here called the Block Island fault (BIF), strikes north-northeast, dips westward at low angle, and does not resemble the thin-skinned thrust faulting observed in the foreland of the Appalachians. The BIF is located within the hinterland of the Appalachian mountain belt in the collision zone between Africa and North America. We present several interpretations but favor one in which the fault originated as an east-verging mid–late Paleozoic thrust fault, possibly related to the collision of Avalon or Meguma with North America. It was probably reactivated during early Mesozoic continental breakup and again in the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary, causing the steeply dipping postrift New Shoreham fault to form, either as an antithetic (normal) or splay (reverse) fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<875:BIFAPC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Klitgord, K.D., and Detrick, R.S., 1985, Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform: Geology, v. 13, no. 12, p. 875-879, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<875:BIFAPC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"879","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Long Island platform","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73ce4b00eda8915ad07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detrick, R. S.","contributorId":29133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detrick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135807,"text":"70135807 - 1985 - A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T15:42:40.943336","indexId":"70135807","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer","docAbstract":"Two three-component ocean bottom seismometers and a current meter were deployed a few hundred meters apart on the southern Blake Plateau off the United States eastern coast to study the effect of near-bottom currents on the background noise level of seismometers. Although analysis of the data is limited somewhat by instrumental problems, the increase in current speed, which ranged from 2 to 25 cm/sec, is correlated with a broadband increase in the noise level at frequencies below 10 Hz. Intermittent periods of narrow-band 8-Hz noise, which were also observed, are not correlative with bottom currents and were tentatively attributed to passing ships. Details of the mechanism of generation of the background noise cannot be determined from the present data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750041195","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., 1985, A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 4, p. 1195-1204, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750041195.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/4/1195/118796/A-note-on-the-effect-of-bottom-currents-on-an"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73ce4b00eda8915ad05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135866,"text":"70135866 - 1985 - Deep continental margin reflectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T13:03:05","indexId":"70135866","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep continental margin reflectors","docAbstract":"In contrast to the rarity of such observations a decade ago, seismic reflecting and refracting horizons are now being observed to Moho depths under continental shelves in a number of places. These observations provide knowledge of the entire crustal thickness from the shoreline to the oceanic crust on passive margins and supplement Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP)-type measurements on land.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO066i020p00448","usgsCitation":"Ewing, J., Heirtzler, J., Purdy, M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1985, Deep continental margin reflectors: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 66, no. 20, p. 448-448, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO066i020p00448.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"448","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b6ee4b08de9379b338a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, J.","contributorId":131014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heirtzler, J.","contributorId":131016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heirtzler","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purdy, M.","contributorId":131017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purdy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135813,"text":"70135813 - 1985 - Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-17T13:41:56","indexId":"70135813","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record","docAbstract":"Dunes that are morphologically of linear type, many of which are probably of longitudinal type in a morphodynamic sense, are common in modern deserts, but their deposits are rarely identified in aeolian sandstones. One reason for non-recognition of such dunes is that they can migrate laterally when they are not exactly parallel to the long-term sand-transport direction, thereby depositing cross-strata that have unimodal cross-bed dip directions and consequently resemble deposits of transverse dunes. Dune-parallel components of sand transport can be recognized in ancient aeolian sands by examining compound cross-bedding formed by small dunes that migrated across the lee slopes of large dunes and documenting that the small dunes migrated with a component in a preferred along-crest direction over the large dunes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00498.x","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Hunter, R., 1985, Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record: Sedimentology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00498.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b748e4b00eda8915ad33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, Ralph E.","contributorId":53759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Ralph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135870,"text":"70135870 - 1985 - Occurrence and preservation of Eocene squamariacean and coralline rhodoliths: Eau, Tonga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T17:05:45.231691","indexId":"70135870","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Occurrence and preservation of Eocene squamariacean and coralline rhodoliths: Eau, Tonga","docAbstract":"A widespread rhodolith facies occurs within middle Eocene limestones of Eua, Tonga (Fig. 1). These limestones, first described by Hoffmeister (1932), represent a portion of a broad, early Tertiary platform that developed in the Tonga area prior to disruption and uplift by later Tertiary plate movements (Kroenke and Tongilava 1975). Algal rhodoliths form beds several meters thick within Eocene limestones and occur at localities several kilometers apart along the length of Eua.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoalgology: Contemporary research and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-70355-3_19","usgsCitation":"Buchbinder, B., and Halley, R., 1985, Occurrence and preservation of Eocene squamariacean and coralline rhodoliths: Eau, Tonga, chap. 9 of Paleoalgology: Contemporary research and applications, p. 248-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70355-3_19.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tonga","otherGeospatial":"Eau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.04241943359375,\n -21.27913739410871\n ],\n [\n -174.83917236328125,\n -21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -174.84466552734375,\n -21.478629309978384\n ],\n [\n -175.05889892578125,\n -21.460737306938082\n ],\n [\n -175.04241943359375,\n -21.27913739410871\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c1ce4b08de9379b3630","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Toomey, Donald F.","contributorId":131022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toomey","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536951,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nitecki, Matthew H.","contributorId":131023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nitecki","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536952,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buchbinder, Binyamin","contributorId":131021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchbinder","given":"Binyamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135820,"text":"70135820 - 1985 - Rapid postglacial shoreline changes in the western Gulf of Maine and the Paleo-Indian environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T09:19:08","indexId":"70135820","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid postglacial shoreline changes in the western Gulf of Maine and the Paleo-Indian environment","docAbstract":"Rapid shoreline regression and transgression along the western Gulf of Maine between 13,000 and 9000 years B.P. are inferred to have produced a nearshore marine environment low in biologic productivity. Paleo-Indians living near the coast of the Gulf were probably forced to rely on nonmarine resources landward of the late-glacial marine limit. Thus, Paleo-Indian sites of the time period in question may be restricted in the region between the marine limit and the postglacial low sea-level stand, or may be altogether absent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for American Archaeology","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1985, Rapid postglacial shoreline changes in the western Gulf of Maine and the Paleo-Indian environment: American Antiquity, v. 50, no. 1, p. 145-150.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/280640"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -70.718994140625,\n 43.715534726205114\n ],\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -65.8740234375,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 45.058001435398296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b747e4b00eda8915ad2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, Robert N.","contributorId":38953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013961,"text":"70013961 - 1985 - Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013961","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","docAbstract":"Measurements were made of the amounts of D,18O, and H2O+ in fault gouge collected over a depth of 400 m in the San Andreas fault of California. The amounts and isotopic compositions of the pore fluids, also analyzed, suggest that formation waters from adjacent Franciscan rocks have migrated into the gouge and mixed with local meteoric water. Thus the gouge is an open system permeable to fluid flow. This permeability has important implications concerning heat flow along the fault zone. Analyses of the fault gouge itself give information on the amounts, timing, and conditions of formation of the clay minerals. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750010271","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., 1985, Coupling of ocean bottom seismometers to sediment: Results of tests with the U.S. Geological Survey ocean bottom seismometer: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 1, p. 271-289, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750010271.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73ee4b00eda8915ad0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26386,"text":"wri854010 - 1985 - Ground-water problems in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T20:56:55.59043","indexId":"wri854010","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4010","title":"Ground-water problems in Arkansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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T.","contributorId":7263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, A. H.","contributorId":63007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, E. E.","contributorId":93493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187698,"text":"70187698 - 1985 - Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T10:37:27","indexId":"70187698","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3007,"text":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","printIssn":"0031-0603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","docAbstract":"Increased foraging of an exceptionally abundant, but ephemeral, food source by ants can result from foraging excitement that does not include pheromone trails, tandem running, or from recruitment of other workers along pheromone trails (Carrol and Janzen, 1973). They also provided rationale for two types of short-lived pheromone trails resulting in mass or group recruitment. These both seem to fall into the Type II foraging strategy described by Oster and Wilson (1978). Neither of these discussions conveniently allow for pheromone recruitment by relatively small colonies of a primitive monomorphic species such as Paraponera clavata. Our observations suggest that recruitment to an abundant ephemeral food source does occur naturally and can be induced artificially in colonies of P. clavata.
Paraponera clavata is considered primitive (Wilson, 1958), particularly in foraging habits (Young and Hermann, 1980; Young, 1977). Hermann (1973, 1975) reported the P. clavata, unlike more advanced species, forages independently; following shot periods of apparent group activity outside of the colony (Young and Hermann, 1980). It reportedly does not return to a food source when only part has been harvested. After returning to its colony with booty, a single worker resumes foraging independently, with no observable tendency to return to partially harvested booty or without recruiting additional workers to collect the remaining food (Hermann, 1973; Young and Hermann, 1980). Reports of independent foraging, lack of forager recruitment, and apparent lack of food source fidelity resulted in the assumption that P. clavata probably lacks an effective pheromone trail communication system (Young and Hermann, 1980).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Coast Entomologial Society","issn":"0031-0603","usgsCitation":"Barrett, B.A., Jorgenson, C.D., and Looman, S.J., 1985, Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Pan-Pacific Entomologist, v. 61, no. 4, p. 334-338.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Bruce A.","contributorId":120563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, Clive D.","contributorId":147231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Clive","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Looman, Sandra J. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":179095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looman","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013589,"text":"70013589 - 1985 - ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013589","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY.","docAbstract":"Because modern geochemical laboratories can seldom have all new analytical equipment, it is clear that priorities must be assigned and choices made when selecting each new instrument. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has come to play a vital role in this environment largely because it is a dependable, multielement, rapid method that covers a wide range of elemental concentrations, commonly with only one sample preparation. The following discussion centers on the role of modern XRF instrumentation in the resolution of geochemical problems. In order to present a comprehensive view of this role, this paper draws upon a great deal of information from numerous X-ray laboratories visited in the United States and Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in X-Ray Analysis","conferenceTitle":"Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Volume 28 (Proceedings of the 1984 Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis).","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Plenum Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"03760308","isbn":"0306419394","usgsCitation":"Taggart, J., 1985, ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY., in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, v. 28, Denver, CO, USA, p. 17-24.","startPage":"17","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936de4b0c8380cd80dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E.","contributorId":8992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":93715,"text":"93715 - 1985 - Contaminant trends in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"93715","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Contaminant trends in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Contaminant body burdens in lake trout from the Upper Great Lakes have been monitored since 1970 on Lake Michigan and since 1977 and 1978 on Lakes Superior and Huron by USEPA, Great Lakes National Program Office and USFWS, Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory.\rAnalysis of the Lake Michigan data shows that mean PCB concentrations declined from a maximum of 22.91 mg/kg in 1974 to 5.63 in 1982. Mean total DDT concentrations declined from 19.19 mg/kg in 1970 to 2.74 mg/kg in 1982. The decline in both contaminants closely followed first order loss kinetics. If the current decline continues, PCB concentrations will decline to the USFDA tolerance of 2.0 mg/kg in 1988. Mean total DDT concentrations will fall to the IJC objective of 1.0 mg/kg by 1991. Mean dieldrin concentrations increased significantly from 0.20 mg/kg in 1971 to 0.58 mg/kg in 1979 before declining to 0.21 mg/kg in 1982. The decline from 1979-1982 followed first order loss kinetics. As this decline is not reflected in other species (bloater chubs, smelt) it will require additional years of monitoring to determine if the decline in dieldrin concentrations between 1979 and 1982 truly represents a declining trend.\rContaminants in lake trout from Lake Superior and Lake Huron generally declined over the study period. The only statistically significant trend other than in Lake Michigan was for total DDT which declined significantly in Lake Superior lake trout. Large data variance and the short time frame covered (1977-1982) interfered with detection of trends on Lakes Superior and Huron.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"DeVault, D.S., Willford, W.A., and Hesselberg, R.J., 1985, Contaminant trends in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the upper Great Lakes, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db546366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeVault, David S.","contributorId":22720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVault","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willford, Wayne A.","contributorId":67446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willford","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169266,"text":"70169266 - 1985 - Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T16:45:19","indexId":"70169266","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness","docAbstract":"Actions to reduce earthquake hazards can be divided into five phases:two occur before the event, one during the event, and two after the event. The phases are: (1) Mitigation techniques taken anywhere from 1 to 20 years before the event, (2) preparedness measures taken 1 to 20 weeks before the event, (3) response during the actual event, (4) recovery operations over 1 to 20 weeks, and (5) reconstruction activities taken from 1 to 20 years. The magnitude of the earthquake and the resources available to communities and individuals will very these times.
\nA prerequisite to personal preparedness is familiarity with and concern about the other hazard-reduction phases. Strengthening the structure of the home, storing water, and showing family members how to shut off utility-supply lines are only a part of personal preparedness. Equally important are other phases such as picking up children from an evacuated school, securing heavy objects at the work palce as well as in the home, and retrofitting the commuter-highway overpasses needed to reunite a family.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., 1985, Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 50-59.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be49e4b0f59b85e02ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169255,"text":"70169255 - 1985 - Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:29:15","indexId":"70169255","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","docAbstract":"The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has been given the task of collecting, managing, and disseminating the great mass of inofmation produced by scientific observations of the geophysical environment. This article describes NGDC data bases that speifically relate to natural hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lockridge, P., 1985, Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 60-69.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be47e4b0f59b85e02eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockridge, P. A.","contributorId":34601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockridge","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135830,"text":"70135830 - 1985 - Ferromanganese crusts from Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot: Geological considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:13:20","indexId":"70135830","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferromanganese crusts from Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot: Geological considerations","docAbstract":"Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot in the Central Pacific were sampled, seismically surveyed, and photographed by bottom cameras in order to better understand the distribution, origin, and evolution of ferromanganese crusts. Necker Ridge is over 600 km long with a rugged crest, pods of sediment to 146 m thick, slopes that average 12° to 20°, and debris aprons that cover some of the lower flanks. Substrate lithologies are mostly hyaloclastite, volcaniclastic breccia, and minor alkalic basalt. Horizon Guyot, 300 km long and 75 km wide, is capped by at least 160 m of sediment, which buries stepped terraces. Substrate lithologies are similar to those on Necker Ridge, although previous workers sampled much tholeiitic basalt on Horizon. S.P. Lee Guyot, 125 km long and 80 km wide, is capped by at least 300 m of sediment, and contains talus aprons along its lower flanks.
\n\n
Ferromanganese-encrusted rocks were recovered in every dredge and are thickest on Necker Ridge. Crust thicknesses average about 2.5, 1.5, and 0.8 cm for Necker, Horizon, and S.P. Lee, respectively. Crusts range from smooth or porous surfaces to knobby and botryoidal. The entire crust is laminated, however, two distinct layers commonly exist, separated by a paper-thin layer of phosphorite. The dominant mineral of all crusts is vernadite (δ-MnO2), while quartz, feldspar, apatite, and, in three rocks todorokite, are minor phases. Quartz and feldspar decrease with decreasing latitude of occurrence, and is suggested to be related to eolian input. On the average, apatite also increases within the crusts with decreasing latitude of occurrence, which may be related to high biological productivity in the zone of equatorial upwelling. Phosphorite substrates are more abundant on Necker Ridge and S.P. Lee Guyot than they are on Horizon Guyot. Seamount ferromanganese nodules are distinct from abyssal nodules in their chemistry and internal structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90132-X","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Manheim, F., Schwab, W.C., and Davis, A.S., 1985, Ferromanganese crusts from Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot: Geological considerations: Marine Geology, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 25-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90132-X.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot, S.P. Lee Guyot","volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73fe4b00eda8915ad11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Alice S.","contributorId":25904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135867,"text":"70135867 - 1985 - Bottom current and sediment transport on San Pedro Shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T09:41:46","indexId":"70135867","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom current and sediment transport on San Pedro Shelf, California","docAbstract":"GEOPROBE (Geological Processes Bottom Environmental) tripods were used to measure bottom currents, pressure, and light transmission and scattering and to obtain time-series photographs of the sea floor at depths of 23 m and 67 m on San Pedro shelf between 18 April and 6 June 1978. Winds were light (< 5 m/s) with a mean direction from the southwest throughout the measurement period. Hourly averaged currents 1 m above the bottom never exceeded 21 cm/s; average speeds were about 5 cm/s at the 23-m site and 6.8 cm/s at 67 m, and the strongest currents were produced by the tides. The mean flow of bottom water was less than 3 cm/s at both GEOPROBES and was rather persistently southward (offshelf). Wave-generated bottom currents and bottom-pressure variations were sampled at hourly intervals; average wave period and wave height were 12.8 s and 0.44 m, respectively, at the 23-m site. Wave orbital velocities ranged from about 5 to 30 cm/s at 23 m and from 2 to 8 cm/s at 67 m. Bottom photographs at 67 m show that the relatively sluggish tide-generated and mean currents were below threshold velocity for the silty, very fine sand throughout the observational period. Threshold depth for wave rippling of very fine sand averaged about 28 m with a range from about 12 m to 50 m. Wave-generated currents were the only currents that exceeded threshold levels. The wave currents maintained relatively high concentrations of sediment in suspension near the bottom over the inner shelf (< 25 m), and this material (principally silt and clay) was transported offshore by the weak mean flow. Approximately 50% of this material was deposited as the bottom orbital velocities decreased to subthreshold values ( nearly equal 10-15 cm/s). The observed movement of fine sediment across the inner shelf can account for a portion of the mud content of the modern silty sands on the central shelf and on the outer shelf. However, it is clear that the sand fractions, which constitute greater than 70% of the central shelf substrate, must be transported during high-energy winter storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.1306/212F85EE-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Drake, D.E., Cacchione, D.A., and Karl, H., 1985, Bottom current and sediment transport on San Pedro Shelf, California: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 55, no. 1, p. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F85EE-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.19596877629178\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b49e4b08de9379b32f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":55796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164467,"text":"70164467 - 1985 - An interview with Karl Steinbrugge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T11:45:54","indexId":"70164467","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interview with Karl Steinbrugge","docAbstract":"For thirty years the name of Karl V. Steinbrugge has been synonymous with the Insurance Services Office in San Francisco. There he was in charge of their earthquake engineering and research activities for the United States, and his work included detailed engineering investigations of the probable earthquake damage to structures as well as studies of actual earthquake effects. trained as a civil and structural engineer, Steinbrugge was on faculty of the University of California at Berkeley for 28 years, retiring as a Professor of Structural Design.
\nHe has served on numerous national and international committees on earthquake hazards, and he is now a consulting structural engineer, specializing in earthquake hazard evaluation. At the present moment he is chairman of an independent panel of the Federal Emergency Management Agency that is reviewing the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Henry Spall recently asked Steinbrugge some questions about his long career.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1985, An interview with Karl Steinbrugge: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 4, p. 134-147.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d5cbe4b0cc7999817145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}