{"pageNumber":"4551","pageRowStart":"113750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":2002459,"text":"2002459 - 1985 - Comparative toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol to ammocetes of three species of lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:47","indexId":"2002459","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Comparative toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol to ammocetes of three species of lampreys","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","usgsCitation":"King, E., and Gabel, J., 1985, Comparative toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol to ammocetes of three species of lampreys: Technical Report 47, 1-5.","productDescription":"1-5","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92079,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr47.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, E.L. Jr.","contributorId":23487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gabel, J.A.","contributorId":22461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002458,"text":"2002458 - 1985 - Solid bars of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol: a simplified method of applying lampricide to small streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"2002458","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Solid bars of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol: a simplified method of applying lampricide to small streams","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., 1985, Solid bars of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol: a simplified method of applying lampricide to small streams: Technical Report 47, 6-12.","productDescription":"6-12","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92078,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr47.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000005,"text":"2000005 - 1985 - Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2000005","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982","docAbstract":"This paper examines the population dynamics of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan during a progressive decline in abundance from about the mid1960s through the mid1970s, and during a subsequent recovery that is still underway. The study focused on developing a data base and methodology for projecting fishable surpluses, in cooperation with a chub technical committee sponsored by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. The Technical Committee was formed in 1974 because of depletion of bloaters and other deepwater ciscoes or 'chubs,' as they are known by Great Lakes fishermen. Subsequently the Technical Committee recommended a lakewide ban on chub fishing that was fully enacted by the states of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin in 1976.\nWith the Committee's help, commercial fishery statistics and stock assessment data were obtained from state and federal research files and used with various indirect analytical techniques to estimate relevant population parameters. The lakewide fishable stock in fall 1973, before the fishery was affected by several incomplete closures and then by the lakewide ban, was estimated as 48 to 73 million bloaters weighing 20 to 29 million pounds. Exploitation of the estimated stock varied considerably among 11 statistical districts in the several jurisdictions. Yield to the fishery exceeded production by the stock in some districts.\nTheoretical yields of bloaters totaling 3.59 to 3.72 million pounds were projected from 1979 for all waters combined. These projected yields were intended as guidelines for experimental quotas that the states might establish, because the population had stabilized and the potential for recruitment had improved in most areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., Rybicki, R.W., and Poff, R.J., 1985, Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982: Technical Report 44, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr44.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Ronald W.","contributorId":34886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poff, Ronald J.","contributorId":105406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2000014,"text":"2000014 - 1985 - Review of fish species introduced into the Great Lakes, 1819-1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2000014","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"45","title":"Review of fish species introduced into the Great Lakes, 1819-1974","docAbstract":"This review is based on an extensive literature search, combined with updated information obtained from biologists, and unpublished reports from private, state, and federal organizations throughout the Great Lakes basin. The chronological review lists 34 species of fishes in 13 families that were introduced into the basin from 1819 to 1974. The Salmonidae and Cyprinidae are best represented, contributing 14 and 5 of the species, respectively. The list is divided into successful and unsuccessful introductions; each species is briefly described and information about its entry into the basin and present status is given. About half of the introductions have been successful (i.e., the fish have reproduced and created viable, self-sustaining populations). Some of the successful introductions were disastrous in terms of damage inflicted on native populations (e.g., the effect of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, on populations of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, and lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis), but others yielded highly favorable results (e.g., the extraordinary sport fisheries created by introductions of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Emery, L., 1985, Review of fish species introduced into the Great Lakes, 1819-1974: Technical Report 45, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92046,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr45.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, Lee","contributorId":18726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013901,"text":"1013901 - 1985 - Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:11:03.832624","indexId":"1013901","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C1:SOSBHM%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Geiger, J.G., and Parker, N., 1985, Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C1:SOSBHM%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geiger, J. G.","contributorId":29340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012718,"text":"70012718 - 1985 - A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012718","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake","docAbstract":"Geologic and geophysical data from Laguna de Ayarza, a figure-8-shaped doublecaldera lake in the Guatemalan highlands, show no evidence of postcaldera eruptive tectonic activity. The bathymetry of the lake has evolved as a result of sedimentary infilling. The western caldera is steep-sided and contains a large flat-floored central basin 240 m deep. The smaller, older, eastern caldera is mostly filled by coalescing delta fans and is connected with the larger caldera by means of a deep channel. Seismicreflection data indicate that at least 170 m of flat-lying unfaulted sediments partly fill the central basin and that the strata of the pre-eruption edifice have collapsed partly along inward-dipping ring faults and partly by more chaotic collapses. These sediments have accumulated in the last 23,000 years at a minimum average sedimentation rate of 7 m/103 yr. The upper 9 m of these sediments is composed of > 50% turbidites, interbedded with laminated clayey silts containing separate diatom and ash layers. The bottom sediments have >1% organic material, an average of 4% pyrite, and abundant biogenic gas, all of which demonstrate that the bottom sediments are anoxic. Although thin (<0.5 cm) ash horizons are common, only one thick (7-16 cm) primary ash horizon could be identified in piston cores. Alterations in the mineralogy and variations in the diatom assemblage suggest magnesium-rich hydrothermal activity. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Paull, C.K., Newhall, C.G., Bradbury, J., and Ziagos, J., 1985, A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 125-144.","startPage":"125","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e406e4b0c8380cd46360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ziagos, J.","contributorId":80013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziagos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1013958,"text":"1013958 - 1985 - Comparative sensitivities of diagnostic procedures used to detect bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-18T11:21:02.990927","indexId":"1013958","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative sensitivities of diagnostic procedures used to detect bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fishes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9833463\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Kidney and spleen homogenates from each of 60 coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) and steelhead trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) were examined for detection of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i>. The proportions of positives differed widely with the detection procedures used: in coho salmon, 5% were positive by the Gram-stain procedure, 10% by the direct fluorescent antibody test, 48% by bacteriological isolation, 65% by staphylococcal coagglutination, and 73% by counterimmunoelectrophoresis; in steelhead trout, 3% were positive by Gram-stain, 8.3% by fluorescent antibody, 17% by bacteriological isolation, and 67% by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was not detected in either coho salmon or steelhead trout by immunodiffusion analysis.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-21.2.144","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Starliper, C.E., and Schachte, J.H., 1985, Comparative sensitivities of diagnostic procedures used to detect bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fishes: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 21, no. 2, p. 144-148, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.2.144.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schachte, J. H.","contributorId":27399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schachte","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013962,"text":"1013962 - 1985 - You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1013962","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Collins, C., 1985, You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 11, no. 5, p. 53-54.","productDescription":"p. 53-54","startPage":"53","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, C.","contributorId":12415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014011,"text":"1014011 - 1985 - Salmonid whirling disease: status in the United States, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-18T11:04:43.661343","indexId":"1014011","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmonid whirling disease: status in the United States, 1985","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: status in the United States, 1985: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 2, p. 295-299, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014068,"text":"1014068 - 1985 - Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T13:14:53.980823","indexId":"1014068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas","docAbstract":"<div>A microsporidan parasite, fitting the description of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Nosema pimephales</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1941, was found in fry of the fathead minnow,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Rafinesque, from the Wray Fish Hatchery near Fort Morgan, Colorado. More detailed studies proved it to be a typical species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Glugea</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Thélohan, 1891, to which genus it was transferred. Presence of a delicate sporophorous vesicle, like that recently demonstrated in the type species, was observed. A sequence of three distinct kinds of divisions within that membrane, beginning with the plasmodium and ending with sporoblasts, was recognized. These were plasmotomy, multiple fission, and binary fission. The first two kinds, under the one name or the other, have been treated as one process in previous studies on species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Glugea</i>. Results of this, a well as of recent studies, compel us to reconsider our concepts of \"sporont\" and \"sporogony.\"</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z85-058","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Hoffman, G.L., and Sprague, V., 1985, Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, C. 0000-0001-9425-691X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":73146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, V.","contributorId":26252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014260,"text":"1014260 - 1985 - Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdnerii</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T16:52:17","indexId":"1014260","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdnerii</i>)","docAbstract":"<p></p><p>1. A semi-purified test diet which contained either glutamic acid or glycine as the major source of nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was fed to lake and rainbow trout.</p><p>2. Trout fed the diet containing glutamic acid consistently showed better growth and feed conversion efficiencies than those fed the diets containing glycine.</p><p>3. The data indicate that these trout utilize glutamic acid more efficiently than glycine when no other major sources of NEAA are present.</p><p></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(85)91045-X","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1985, Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdnerii</i>): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 81A, no. 3, p. 669-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)91045-X.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"671","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81A","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014269,"text":"1014269 - 1985 - Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:31:21.201834","indexId":"1014269","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2575,"text":"Journal of the World Mariculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>, were cultured in a series of five rearing units (in triplicate). The fish removed available oxygen in each unit, from about 10.5 to 7.0 mg/L. Oxygen was replaced, through aeration, between rearing units. Effects of cumulative loading, as fish weight/flow rate, are described in terms of water quality and fish growth. In fish reared at the highest loading level, mean growth during the 2-month cumulative loading period was depressed by more than half. However, the growth rate progressively increased in those fish reared under high loading levels, indicating acclimation of the fish to high metabolite concentrations. After two months of series-reuse rearing, cumulative loading was removed through introduction of fresh water (noreuse) to each unit, and fish recovery was monitored. During recovery, mean growth of fish that had been reared under the highest cumulative loading level was equal to or greater than that of fish that had been reared under the low loading levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.1985.tb00185.x","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., Ramsey, J., and Williams, J., 1985, Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout: Journal of the World Mariculture Society, v. 16, no. 1-4, p. 40-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1985.tb00185.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6160af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, J.S.","contributorId":97052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.C.","contributorId":50109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014408,"text":"1014408 - 1985 - Movement of underyearling walleyes in response to odor and visual cues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:12:53.647611","indexId":"1014408","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of underyearling walleyes in response to odor and visual cues","docAbstract":"<p><span>Underyearling walleyes, allowed to move freely in a Y‐shaped chamber into which various substances were added to one arm or another, were attracted to sodium chloride, sucrose, glutathione, vitamin B</span><sub>12</sub><span>, betaine, arginine, Daphnia slurries, some fish slurries, washings from live Daphnia and Artemia, and some commercial fish foods. They avoided cysteine, glycine, glycine‐betaine, Artemia slurries, some fish slurries, and fish mucus; and showed little reaction to valeric and caproic acid, and some commercial fish foods. Tests of visual response, in which beakers containing live food organisms were placed in the arms of the chamber, indicated that walleyes respond strongly to the movement of food organisms. Walleyes usually surrounded the beakers containing live food organisms and repeatedly struck the glass. They were attracted more strongly to Artemia than to Daphnia. Results indicate that odor plays an important role in movement of walleyes to food and that there is a potential for attracting intensively cultured walleyes to man‐made diets with odorants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C34:MOUWIR%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rottiers, D.V., and Lemm, C.A., 1985, Movement of underyearling walleyes in response to odor and visual cues: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 1, p. 34-41, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C34:MOUWIR%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b480c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014497,"text":"1014497 - 1985 - Niacin requirement for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from ultraviolet-B irradiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T00:04:49.709513","indexId":"1014497","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niacin requirement for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from ultraviolet-B irradiation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Triplicate groups of 75 rainbow trout,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Richardson, (mean weight 0–76 g) were fed a semipurified diet containing added niacinamide in amounts of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg/kg diet (ppm), for 16 weeks to determine the amount of niacinamide needed for optimum growth, feed conversion, and prevention of dermatopathy induced by UV light. At the end of the study, fish were exposed to a 275-W sun lamp limiting in the UV-B spectrum (280–360 UV) for 20h. Trout fed no supplemental niacinamide grew significantly slower than all other fish. Growth increased with each niacinamide increment through 10ppm. but not at higher increments. Feed conversion paralleled growth response to niacinamide. Exposure to UV light induced dermal lesions in trout fed less than 10ppm niacinamide. Initially, focal white spots appeared anterior to the dorsal fin, and caudal and pectoral fins became depigmented and translucent. Later, extensive erosion in caudal and pectoral fins was accompanied by desquamation of the epidermis and underlying tissues of the caudal peduncle, head and snout. Results indicated that rainbow trout need at least 10ppm niacinamide for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection against 'sunburn’caused by UV light.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1985.tb01278.x","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Wolfe, M., 1985, Niacin requirement for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from ultraviolet-B irradiation: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 8, no. 5, p. 451-460, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1985.tb01278.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6974fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, M.J.","contributorId":30187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000048,"text":"2000048 - 1985 - Ecological effects of rubble-mound breakwater construction and channel dredging at West Harbor, Ohio (western Lake Erie)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2000048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"EL-85-10","title":"Ecological effects of rubble-mound breakwater construction and channel dredging at West Harbor, Ohio (western Lake Erie)","docAbstract":"The investigation reported herein indicated that breakwater construction and associated channel dredging activities by the US Army Corps of Engineers in western Lake Erie at the entrance to West Harbor (Ohio) had no detectable adverse impacts on the distributions or abundances of macrozoobenthos and fishes. Rather, increases were noted in the number of fish eggs and larvae and in the density and biomass of periphyton and macrozoobenthos on and near the breakwaters. The area also served as a nursery ground for 20 species of fishes both during and after construction and dredging activities. Colonization of the breakwaters by periphyton, primarily a green alga (Cladophora glomerata), diatoms (Gomphonema parvulum), and a bluegreen alga (Oscillatoria tenuis), and by macrozoobenthos, primarily worms (Oligochaeta), amphipods (Gammarus spp.), and midge larvae (Chironomidae), was rapid and extensive, indicating that the breakwaters provided new, favorable habitat for primary and secondary producer organisms. Marked adverse changes in water quality, especially reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations (25 mg/l), occurred around the entrance to West Harbor in 1983 following cessation of construction and dredging activities. These water quality changes, however, could not be ascribed with certainty to construction and dredging activities at West Harbor. Construction of additional breakwaters in the study area at that time by the State of Ohio served to confound determination of the responsible causal factors.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Manny, B.A., Schloesser, D.W., Brown, C.L., and French, J.R., 1985, Ecological effects of rubble-mound breakwater construction and channel dredging at West Harbor, Ohio (western Lake Erie): Technical Report EL-85-10, 107 p.","productDescription":"107 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Charles L.","contributorId":102421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015820,"text":"1015820 - 1985 - Organochlorine-induced mortality and residues in long-billed curlews from Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T16:13:35.849354","indexId":"1015820","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine-induced mortality and residues in long-billed curlews from Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367968","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1985, Organochlorine-induced mortality and residues in long-billed curlews from Oregon: The Condor, v. 87, no. 4, p. 563-565, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367968.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol87/iss4/30","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2000106,"text":"2000106 - 1985 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:29:12","indexId":"2000106","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined-Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine Systems each have two Subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine System has four Subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no Subsystems.Within the Subsystems, Classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same Classes may appear under one or more of the Systems or Subsystems. Six Classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrates as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrates as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom Classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore Classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The Class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five Classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The Dominance Type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; Dominance Types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the Classes or Subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four Water Regime Modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, eight Regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of Water Chemistry Modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance Types and relationships of plant and anima","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1985, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 132 p.","productDescription":"132 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007505,"text":"1007505 - 1985 - Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T13:18:44.649827","indexId":"1007505","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming","docAbstract":"<div>Analyses of high-speed film of captive Humboldt penguins (<i>Spheniscus humboldti</i>) show that there is no correlation between the radii of submerged turns and swimming speed. The sharpest turns had a mean turn radius (<i>n</i> = 5) of 0.14 m (0.24 body lengths), were powered by beating wings, and used multiple steering structures (beak, tail, feet, wings) and a flexing body. This turn radius is similar to that of fast-swimming fish with rigid bodies and lunate tails but is greater than that of slower fish with flexible bodies. The maximum turning rate was 10.05 radians s<sup>−1</sup>. Maneuverability is augmented by neck-extending strike behavior and porpoising leaps.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z85-318","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1985, Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 63, p. 2165-2167, https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-318.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2165","endPage":"2167","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007504,"text":"1007504 - 1985 - Tolerance of West Indian manatees to capture and handling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T17:34:19.392058","indexId":"1007504","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tolerance of West Indian manatees to capture and handling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ninety-two West Indian manatees&nbsp;</span><i>(Trichechus manatus)</i><span>&nbsp;have been captured in the southeastern United States from October 1975 through November 1983 with no evidence of an unusual susceptibility to capture myopathy. Of these, 53 were radio-tracked or observed in the field following capture with no evidence of delayed capture stress. Blood samples obtained at capture for 20 wild individuals displayed no elevation in biochemical variables typically seen in mammalian capture myopathy cases. Thirty-one manatees captured for rescue and rehabilitation generally did not exhibit symptoms of capture myopathy, although in one case marked elevations in creatinine phosphokinase were observed, probably related to lengthy transport. Necropsy findings for 20 terminal cases that died of various causes unrelated to their rescue or handling did not indicate the involvement of any gross or histological lesions of capture myopathy. Historical records for the capture and handling of about 150 West Indian manatees during the 1900s also suggest a tolerance to these activities. Recent observations on the probable susceptibility of dugongs&nbsp;</span><i>(Dugong dugon)</i><span>&nbsp;to capture stress apparently cannot be extended to West Indian manatees.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(85)90075-8","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Rathbun, G.B., Asper, E., and Searles, S., 1985, Tolerance of West Indian manatees to capture and handling: Biological Conservation, v. 33, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(85)90075-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.92882371063064,\n              33.072266109877106\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.92882371063064,\n              23.783976825799655\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20129996902527,\n              23.783976825799655\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20129996902527,\n              33.072266109877106\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.92882371063064,\n              33.072266109877106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asper, E.D.","contributorId":75098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asper","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Searles, S.W.","contributorId":66206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searles","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007476,"text":"1007476 - 1985 - Altered energy metabolism in an irradiated population of lizards at the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T15:35:13.978749","indexId":"1007476","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3224,"text":"Radiation Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Altered energy metabolism in an irradiated population of lizards at the Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field metabolic rates (via doubly labeled water), body compartmentalization of energy stores, and energy assimilation efficiencies were measured to assess all avenues of energy utilization in Uta stansburiana living in a low-level γ-irradiated plot in Rock Valley, Nevada. Comparison of energy budgets for radiation-sterilized females with those of nonirradiated control lizards revealed several substantial differences. Sterile females were heavier, mainly because they had extraordinarily large energy (fat) storage depots. Sterile females had much lower rates of energy expenditure via respiration and lower rates of energy intake by feeding. These differences are interpreted as indirect responses to radiation-induced sterility. Gastrointestinal tract function in sterile females was normal. There is little evidence of direct radiation effects on physiological functions other than reproduction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3576674","usgsCitation":"Nagy, K., and Medica, P., 1985, Altered energy metabolism in an irradiated population of lizards at the Nevada Test Site: Radiation Research, v. 103, no. 1, p. 98-104, https://doi.org/10.2307/3576674.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68742f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagy, K.A.","contributorId":39727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004014,"text":"1004014 - 1985 - Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T17:17:25","indexId":"1004014","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>White-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>&nbsp;(Zimmermann)) shot within 20 km of the zinc smelters in the Palmerton, Pennsylvania area contained extremely high renal concentrations of cadmium (372 ppm dry weight (dw)) and zinc (600 ppm dw). The deer with the highest renal zinc concentration was shot 4 km from the smelters and had joint lesions similar to those seen in zinc-poisoned horses from the same area. The highest concentrations of lead in both hard and soft tissues were relatively low, 10.9 ppm dw in a sample of teeth, 17.4 ppm dw in a metacarpus, and 4.9 ppm dw in a kidney.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289","usgsCitation":"Sileo, L., and Beyer, W.N., 1985, Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 21, no. 3, p. 289-296, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.65803527832031,\n              40.79418844410055\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.64104080200195,\n              40.800036305086536\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6382942199707,\n              40.80211542040426\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.63486099243164,\n              40.80120581546625\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62662124633789,\n              40.8034148344062\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6269645690918,\n              40.805493843894155\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62370300292969,\n              40.80653332421558\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62370300292969,\n              40.810821008436506\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.61168670654297,\n              40.81315962851092\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.61014175415039,\n              40.81147063339219\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60585021972656,\n              40.81289978590656\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60310363769531,\n              40.81199032877736\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59417724609375,\n              40.81471866276641\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59022903442383,\n              40.81276986422277\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57872772216797,\n              40.81458874464439\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57546615600586,\n              40.81199032877736\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57546615600586,\n              40.808482305933566\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57683944702148,\n              40.80536390770918\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59795379638672,\n              40.79899672300568\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6027603149414,\n              40.800036305086536\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6053352355957,\n              40.798736824941535\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60722351074219,\n              40.79756727106044\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.61357498168945,\n              40.79626774258087\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.61992645263672,\n              40.79639769657359\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62370300292969,\n              40.79444835997204\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62885284423828,\n              40.79288884947995\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.63589096069336,\n              40.790679480243526\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.64395904541014,\n              40.78950978441435\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65597534179688,\n              40.79080944517486\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65803527832031,\n              40.79418844410055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cd3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013606,"text":"1013606 - 1985 - Antigen uptake by gill cells of Atlantic salmon given bath immunizations with Yersinia ruckeri bacterins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-16T15:58:26.560509","indexId":"1013606","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":749,"text":"American Zoologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antigen uptake by gill cells of Atlantic salmon given bath immunizations with Yersinia ruckeri bacterins","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Zapata, A., and Wisniewski, M., 1985, Antigen uptake by gill cells of Atlantic salmon given bath immunizations with Yersinia ruckeri bacterins: American Zoologist, v. 25, no. 4, p. 75A-75A.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75A","endPage":"75A","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417098,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/25.4.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zapata, A.G.","contributorId":54548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapata","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wisniewski, M.","contributorId":11567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013653,"text":"1013653 - 1985 - Allowable ammonia for fish culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:05:39.102047","indexId":"1013653","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allowable ammonia for fish culture","docAbstract":"<p><span>A review of the published literature on effects of ammonia on fish indicates that un‐ionized ammonia alone is probably not the cause of gill hyperplasia, indicative of, or previously attributed to, chronic ammonia poisoning. The maximum safe concentration of un‐ionized ammonia is unknown, but in many cases it is not close to the 0.0125 mg/L value commonly accepted by fish culturists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., 1985, Allowable ammonia for fish culture: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013705,"text":"1013705 - 1985 - Development of a culture medium for determination of sorbitol utilization among strains of Yersinia ruckeri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1013705","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2731,"text":"Microbios Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a culture medium for determination of sorbitol utilization among strains of Yersinia ruckeri","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbios Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"536/FH","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Pyle, S.W., 1985, Development of a culture medium for determination of sorbitol utilization among strains of Yersinia ruckeri: Microbios Letters, v. 28, no. 110, p. 79-82.","productDescription":"p. 79-82","startPage":"79","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"110","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660e1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013709,"text":"1013709 - 1985 - Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:39:12.878895","indexId":"1013709","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Immune response of channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","title":"Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","docAbstract":"<p>Experiments were conducted to measure the agglutinating antibody response of channel catfish to a particulate and a soluble antigen administered simultaneously by one of three routes. Specific antibody production in response to administration of particulate brucella tube-test antigen via intramuscular injection, oral drench, and topical application peaked at 3 weeks in channel catfish held under identical conditions at 21°C. The humoral antibody response was greater in fish injected with antigen than in the orally or topically exposed channel catfish.</p><p>Specific antibody was also produced by the same channel catfish in response to the administration of a soluble ciliary preparation derived from<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Lwoff. Intramuscular injection of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tetrahymena</i><span>&nbsp;</span>antigen was the only route that produced detectable levels of circulating antibody as measured by direct agglutination of live<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T. pyriformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells. The response to the soluble antigen also peaked at 3 weeks.</p><p>Neither antigen elicited detectable agglutinins in cutaneous mucus, regardless of the vaccination method used.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(85)90169-3","usgsCitation":"Pyle, S.W., and Dawe, D.L., 1985, Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes: Aquaculture, v. 46, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(85)90169-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawe, D. L.","contributorId":66633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawe","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}