Actions to reduce earthquake hazards can be divided into five phases:two occur before the event, one during the event, and two after the event. The phases are: (1) Mitigation techniques taken anywhere from 1 to 20 years before the event, (2) preparedness measures taken 1 to 20 weeks before the event, (3) response during the actual event, (4) recovery operations over 1 to 20 weeks, and (5) reconstruction activities taken from 1 to 20 years. The magnitude of the earthquake and the resources available to communities and individuals will very these times.
\nA prerequisite to personal preparedness is familiarity with and concern about the other hazard-reduction phases. Strengthening the structure of the home, storing water, and showing family members how to shut off utility-supply lines are only a part of personal preparedness. Equally important are other phases such as picking up children from an evacuated school, securing heavy objects at the work palce as well as in the home, and retrofitting the commuter-highway overpasses needed to reunite a family.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., 1985, Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 50-59.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be49e4b0f59b85e02ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013479,"text":"70013479 - 1985 - TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013479","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","docAbstract":"Chance No. 1 was drilled to a depth of 245. 4 m and cased to a depth of 72. 2 m in 1961. Temperature logs were obtained in 1976, 1982, and 1983, with the casing open to the atmosphere. Water was boiling at the surface of the fluid column on each occasion. Temperatures within the upper part of the cased interval remained virtually identical over the 7-year period. The small differences observed can be ascribed to convective motions in the large-diameter casing and the large geothermal gradient. Above a depth of 160 m in the open hole, temperatures have cooled 5 degree -7 degree C over the 7-year period of observation. The shape of the temperature profiles and their variation with time can be explained by an influx of cool water at about 160 m. The cooling rate is much larger between 1982 and 1983 than that between 1982 and 1976, which suggests that earthquake shaking may be a major contributing factor.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412596","usgsCitation":"Diment, W., Urban, T.C., and Nathenson, M., 1985, TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983)., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 1, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 417-422.","startPage":"417","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba37ce4b08c986b31fd0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diment, W.H.","contributorId":54992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diment","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, T. C.","contributorId":49788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169255,"text":"70169255 - 1985 - Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:29:15","indexId":"70169255","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","docAbstract":"The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has been given the task of collecting, managing, and disseminating the great mass of inofmation produced by scientific observations of the geophysical environment. This article describes NGDC data bases that speifically relate to natural hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lockridge, P., 1985, Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 60-69.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be47e4b0f59b85e02eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockridge, P. A.","contributorId":34601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockridge","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013558,"text":"70013558 - 1985 - NORTH AMERICAN DATUM 1983 IMPLEMENTATION IMPACTS ON THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013558","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NORTH AMERICAN DATUM 1983 IMPLEMENTATION IMPACTS ON THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey has previously experienced the impacts on the National Mapping Program that are associated with implementing a readjustment of the horizontal datum. The impacts of these past readjustments were minimal compared to those of the current readjustment. The Geological Survey currently has produced and published over 60,000 different map products. The 7. 5-minute mapping program is nearing completion with over 85 percent of the conterminous States mapped. The intermediate-scale mapping program of the conterminous United States is scheduled for completion of planimetric editions by the end of 1986. It is apparent that until digital cartographic data are available, implementation of the North American Datum 1983 will primarily consist of cartographic adjustment of existing map products.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 45th Annual Meeting - ACSM: Theodolite to Satellite. Papers presented at the 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention (American Society of Photogrammetry).","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.J., and Needham, P.E., 1985, NORTH AMERICAN DATUM 1983 IMPLEMENTATION IMPACTS ON THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING PROGRAM., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a616de4b0c8380cd71968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, William J.","contributorId":81247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, Paul E.","contributorId":107027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013409,"text":"70013409 - 1985 - Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:55:28.507974","indexId":"70013409","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Ground-water samples from two heavily fertilized sites in Suffolk County, New York, were collected through the 1978 growing season and analyzed for nitrate-N concentrations and nitrogen-isotope ratios. Six wells were at a potato farm; six were on a golf course. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the 15N/14N ratios (δ15N values) of fertilizer are increased during transit from land surface to ground water to an extent which would preclude use of this ratio to distinguish agricultural from animal sources of nitrate in ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02780.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Flipse, W., and Bonner, F., 1985, Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 1, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02780.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66fee4b0c8380cd730fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flipse, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":98733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flipse","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonner, F.T.","contributorId":20894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonner","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013408,"text":"70013408 - 1985 - MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013408","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS.","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional model capable of simulating flood wave propagation in a river or network of channels is presented. The computer model is programmed to provide maximum flexibility in the adaptation of channel geometry, the specification of conveyance properties, and the treatment of boundary conditions. An equation transformation procedure is employed in the model to minimize computer storage and execution time requirements by reducing the order of the resultant coefficient matrices. Based on a four-point implicit finite-difference approximation of the governing, nonlinear, flow equations, the model can be used to simulate the wide range of flow conditions typically encountered in various natural waterbody systems. Two particular applications are presented to demonstrate the computational features and capabilities of the model in the simulation of flood wave propagation.","largerWorkTitle":"Simulation Series","conferenceTitle":"Emergency Planning, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc for Computer Simulation","publisherLocation":"La Jolla, CA, USA","issn":"07359276","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1985, MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS., in Simulation Series, v. 15, no. 1, San Diego, CA, USA, p. 132-139.","startPage":"132","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad2e4b0c8380cd69098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000106,"text":"2000106 - 1985 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:29:12","indexId":"2000106","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined-Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine Systems each have two Subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine System has four Subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no Subsystems.Within the Subsystems, Classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same Classes may appear under one or more of the Systems or Subsystems. Six Classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrates as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrates as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom Classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore Classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The Class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five Classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The Dominance Type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; Dominance Types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the Classes or Subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four Water Regime Modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, eight Regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of Water Chemistry Modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance Types and relationships of plant and anima","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1985, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 132 p.","productDescription":"132 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2002401,"text":"2002401 - 1985 - Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002401","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85-74","title":"Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"595/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity: Research Information Bulletin 85-74, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176041,"text":"70176041 - 1985 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T10:35:11","indexId":"70176041","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., and Ozuna, G., 1985, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 42, 131 p.","productDescription":"131 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef1e4b0f2f0cebe4621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26538,"text":"wri844068 - 1985 - Geology of the surficial aquifer system Broward County, Florida: Lithologic logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:47:46.100693","indexId":"wri844068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4068","title":"Geology of the surficial aquifer system Broward County, Florida: Lithologic logs","docAbstract":"The geologic framework of the surficial aquifer system, of which the Biscayne aquifer is the major component in Broward County, Florida, is presented in eight geologic cross sections. The cross sections are based on detailed lithologic logs of 27 test wells that were drilled, in the summer of 1981, through the sediments overlying the relatively impermeable units of the Hawthorn Formation, of Miocene age. The cross sections show the aquifer system as a wedge-shaped sequence of Cenozoic sediments. The aquifer thickness gradually decreases from more than 400 feet along the coast to about 160 feet in the west and southwest parts of Broward County. The sediments that comprise the aquifer system range in age from Pliocene to Pleistocene and are assigned to the following stratigraphic units from bottom to top: Tamiami Formation, Caloosahatchee Marl, Fort Thompson Formation, Key Largo Limestone, Anastasia Formation, Miami Oolite, and Pamlico Sand.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844068","usgsCitation":"Causaras, C., 1985, Geology of the surficial aquifer system Broward County, Florida: Lithologic logs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4068, Report: 167 p.; 2 Plates: 43.55 x 31.77 inches and 41.19 x 33.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844068.","productDescription":"Report: 167 p.; 2 Plates: 43.55 x 31.77 inches and 41.19 x 33.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415586,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35964.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55401,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.117,\n 26.351\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 26.351\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 25.967\n ],\n [\n -80.117,\n 25.967\n ],\n [\n -80.117,\n 26.351\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causaras, C. R.","contributorId":66679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causaras","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013262,"text":"70013262 - 1985 - SCHLUMBERGER SOUNDING RESULTS OVER THE NEWBERRY VOLCANO AREA, OREGON.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013262","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SCHLUMBERGER SOUNDING RESULTS OVER THE NEWBERRY VOLCANO AREA, OREGON.","docAbstract":"Schlumberger soundings were made in the Newberry volcano area of Oregon to categorize the electrical properties of possible Cascade geothermal systems. An east-west geoelectric cross section constructed from the interpreted soundings shows a low-resistivity zone in the caldera, that corresponds to the increase in thermal gradient observed in a U. S. Geological Survey test well. Another low resistivity zone about 600 m deep is present just to the west of the caldera boundary. A north-south geoelectric cross section shows the configuration of the western low-resistivity zone. Maps of interpreted resistivity at depths of 750 and 1000 m show that the main low resistivity area west of the caldera has two tongues, one oriented easterly and the other oriented southerly.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"093441260X","usgsCitation":"Bisdorf, R.J., 1985, SCHLUMBERGER SOUNDING RESULTS OVER THE NEWBERRY VOLCANO AREA, OREGON., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 2, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 389-394.","startPage":"389","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf12e4b0c8380cd87398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisdorf, Robert J.","contributorId":107277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013263,"text":"70013263 - 1985 - Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:54:00","indexId":"70013263","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Accumulation of Cu and Ag by soft tissues of the deposit-feeding clam Macoma balthica was less than half in clams transplanted to a contaminated area than in clams native to that area. During a period of tissue growth, the transplants retained 50% and 90%, respectively, of the net Cu and Ag accumulated, but loss of metals from soft tissue by the resident population equalled net accumulation. Copper accumulation in the transplants did not occur during some periods when increases in the metal body burden of the resident population indicated that environmental exposures were high. The difference in metal accumulation of the two groups of clams may be the result of past environmental exposures. The results illustrate some limitations of using transplants as indicators of pollution events or of pollutant impact upon resident populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay: Marine Environmental Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 115-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf7e4b0c8380cd4e060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013653,"text":"1013653 - 1985 - Allowable ammonia for fish culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:05:39.102047","indexId":"1013653","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allowable ammonia for fish culture","docAbstract":"A review of the published literature on effects of ammonia on fish indicates that un‐ionized ammonia alone is probably not the cause of gill hyperplasia, indicative of, or previously attributed to, chronic ammonia poisoning. The maximum safe concentration of un‐ionized ammonia is unknown, but in many cases it is not close to the 0.0125 mg/L value commonly accepted by fish culturists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., 1985, Allowable ammonia for fish culture: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013605,"text":"70013605 - 1985 - SOLVING THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION FLOW MODEL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:18","indexId":"70013605","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SOLVING THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION FLOW MODEL.","docAbstract":"A simplification of the two-dimensional (2-D) continuity and momentum equations is the diffusion equation. To investigate its capability, the numerical model using the diffusion approach is applied to a hypothetical failure problem of a regional water reservoir. The model is based on an explicit, integrated finite-difference scheme, and the floodplain is simulated by a popular home computer which supports 64K FORTRAN. Though simple, the 2-D model can simulate some interesting flooding effects that a 1-D full dynamic model cannot.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., and Lai, C., 1985, SOLVING THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION FLOW MODEL., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 555-562.","startPage":"555","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf6de4b0c8380cd875a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013261,"text":"70013261 - 1985 - ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013261","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS.","docAbstract":"The visual image of reflected light is influenced by the complex interplay of human color discrimination, spatial relationships, surface texture, and the spectral purity of light, dyes, and pigments. Scientific theories of image processing may not always achieve acceptable results as the variety of factors, some psychological, are in part, unpredictable. Tonal relationships that affect digital image processing and the transfer functions used to transform from the continuous-tone source image to a lithographic image, may be interpreted for an insight of where art and science fuse in the production process. The application of art and science in image map production at the U. S. Geological Survey is illustrated and discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, R.D., and McSweeney, J.A., 1985, ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS., in Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA, p. 771-782.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e636e4b0c8380cd47255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, Richard D.","contributorId":31111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McSweeney, Joseph A.","contributorId":51908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSweeney","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014269,"text":"1014269 - 1985 - Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:31:21.201834","indexId":"1014269","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2575,"text":"Journal of the World Mariculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout","docAbstract":"Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, were cultured in a series of five rearing units (in triplicate). The fish removed available oxygen in each unit, from about 10.5 to 7.0 mg/L. Oxygen was replaced, through aeration, between rearing units. Effects of cumulative loading, as fish weight/flow rate, are described in terms of water quality and fish growth. In fish reared at the highest loading level, mean growth during the 2-month cumulative loading period was depressed by more than half. However, the growth rate progressively increased in those fish reared under high loading levels, indicating acclimation of the fish to high metabolite concentrations. After two months of series-reuse rearing, cumulative loading was removed through introduction of fresh water (noreuse) to each unit, and fish recovery was monitored. During recovery, mean growth of fish that had been reared under the highest cumulative loading level was equal to or greater than that of fish that had been reared under the low loading levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.1985.tb00185.x","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., Ramsey, J., and Williams, J., 1985, Effects of cumulative loading level, as fish weight per unit flow, on water quality and growth of lake trout: Journal of the World Mariculture Society, v. 16, no. 1-4, p. 40-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1985.tb00185.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6160af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, J.S.","contributorId":97052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.C.","contributorId":50109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013266,"text":"70013266 - 1985 - MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70013266","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","docAbstract":"The Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM) offers an effective and efficient means for modeling two-dimensional potential and related flow problems. The method has been applied to various hydraulic and hydrodynamic problems - surface water, ground water, and other flows - and has proven its accuracy, reliability and usefulness. The paper describes the CVBEM and its application.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., and Hromadka, T., 1985, MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 444-449.","startPage":"444","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad3e4b0c8380cd690a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013901,"text":"1013901 - 1985 - Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:11:03.832624","indexId":"1013901","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C1:SOSBHM%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Geiger, J.G., and Parker, N., 1985, Survey of striped bass hatchery management in the southeastern United States: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C1:SOSBHM%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geiger, J. G.","contributorId":29340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009946,"text":"70009946 - 1985 - Volcano hazards program in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:23:06.155549","indexId":"70009946","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano hazards program in the United States","docAbstract":"Volcano monitoring and volcanic-hazards studies have received greatly increased attention in the United States in the past few years. Before 1980, the Volcanic Hazards Program was primarily focused on the active volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, Hawaii, which have been monitored continuously since 1912 by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. After the reawakening and catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, the program was substantially expanded as the government and general public became aware of the potential for eruptions and associated hazards within the conterminous United States. Integrated components of the expanded program include: volcanic-hazards assessment; volcano monitoring; fundamental research; and, in concert with federal, state, and local authorities, emergency-response planning.
In 1980 the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory was established in Vancouver, Washington, to systematically monitor the continuing activity of Mount St. Helens, and to acquire baseline data for monitoring the other, presently quiescent, but potentially dangerous Cascade volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest. Since June 1980, all of the eruptions of Mount St. Helens have been predicted successfully on the basis of seismic and geodetic monitoring.
The largest volcanic eruptions, but the least probable statistically, that pose a threat to western conterminous United States are those from the large Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic systems, such as Long Valley caldera (California) and Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming), which are underlain by large magma chambers still potentially capable of producing catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions. In order to become better prepared for possible future hazards associated with such historically unpecedented events, detailed studies of these, and similar, large volcanic systems should be intensified to gain better insight into caldera-forming processes and to recognize, if possible, the precursors of caldera-forming eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., and Bailey, R., 1985, Volcano hazards program in the United States: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 425-446, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc334e4b08c986b32affc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. 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Seven of the sites, located between 115 and 155 km landward of the Queen Charlotte – Fairweather transform fault, have an average heat flow of 59 ± 6 mW m−2. This value is significantly higher than the mean of 42 mW m−2 in the coastal provinces between Cape Mendocino and the Queen Charlotte Islands, to the south, and is lower than the mean of 72 ± 2 mW m−2 for 81 values within 100 km of the San Andreas transform fault, even farther south. This intermediate value suggests the absence of significant heat sinks associated with Cenozoic subduction and of heat sources related to either late Cenozoic tectono-magmatic events or significant shear-strain heating. At Warm Springs Bay, 75 km from the plate boundary, an anomalously high heat flow of 150 mW m−2 can most plausibly be ascribed to the thermal spring activity from which its name is derived. At Quartz Hill, 240 km landward of the plate boundary, a value of 115 mW m−2 might indicate a transition to a province of high heat flow resulting from late Tertiary and Quaternary extension and volcanism.
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