Carp pox, a putative viral disease exotic to North America, occurred in golden ide 1 yr after the fish were imported into the United States from the Federal Republic of Germany. The raised, white, plaque-like lesions, which occurred on about 5% of the fish, healed spontaneously and caused no mortality. Electron micrographs showed herpesvirus-like particles associated with lesion specimens; however, no infectious viruses were detected in tests with seven warmwater fish cell lines.
The Copley Greenstone, Balaklala Rhyolite, and Mule Mountain stock in the West Shasta Cu-Zn district, California, have Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar systematics that indicate they are a cogenetic suite of ensimatic island-arc rocks about 400 m.y. Pervasive alteration and mineralization of these rocks, for the most part, was syngenetic and the major component of the mineralizing fluid was Devonian seawater. K-Ar ages of quartz-sericite concentrates from ore horizons and Rb-Sr systematics of a few rock and ore specimens record a later thermal and mineralizing event in the district of about 260 m.y. Contamination of some rocks with pelagic sediments is indicated by the Sm-Nd data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2128","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., McKee, E., Futa, K., Peterman, Z.E., and Zartman, R., 1985, A reconnaissance Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar study of some host rocks and ore minerals in the West Shasta Cu- Zn district, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2128-2135, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2128.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2135","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e531e4b0c8380cd46bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44463,"text":"wri854042 - 1985 - Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:41:41.800138","indexId":"wri854042","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4042","title":"Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854042","usgsCitation":"Darden, D., 1985, Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, fall 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4042, 1 Plate: 23.00 x 26.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854042.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.00 x 26.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4042/report.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Eutaw-McShan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.657,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.657,\n 32.767\n ],\n [\n -89.096,\n 32.767\n ],\n [\n -89.096,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.657,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b415b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darden, Daphne","contributorId":12489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darden","given":"Daphne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012988,"text":"70012988 - 1985 - Maceral distributions in Illinois coals and their paleoenvironmental implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:17:59.705061","indexId":"70012988","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maceral distributions in Illinois coals and their paleoenvironmental implications","docAbstract":"For purposes of assessing the maceral distribution of Illinois (U.S.A.) coals analyses were assembled for 326 face channel and drill core samples from 24 coal members of the Pennsylvanian System. The inertinite content of coals from the Missourian and Virgilian Series averages 16.1% (mineral free), compared to 9.4% for older coals from the Desmoinesian and older Series. This indicates there was generally a higher state of oxidation in the peat that formed the younger coals. This state probably resulted from greater exposure of these peats to weathering as the climate became drier and the water table lower than was the case for the older coals, although oxidation during allochthonous deposition of inertinite components is a genetic factor that needs further study to confirm the importance of the climate.
Regional variation of the vitrinite-inertinite ratio (V-I), on a mineral- and micrinite-free basis, was observed in the Springfield (No. 5) and Herrin (No. 6) Coal Members to be related to the geographical position of paleochannel (river) deposits known to have been contemporaneous with the peats that formed these two coal strata. The V-I ratio is highest (generally 12–27) in samples from areas adjacent to the channels, and lower (5–11) some 10–20 km away. We interpret the V-I ratio to be an inverse index of the degree of oxidation to which the original peat was exposed. High V-I ratio coal located near the channels probably formed under more anoxic conditions than did the lower V-I ratio coal some distance away from the channels. The low V-I ratio coal probably formed in areas of the peat swamp where the watertable was generally lower than the channel areas.
The McKinley sequence of granitic rocks consists of several discrete plutons in the central Alaska Range. Most of these plutons crop out south of the Denali fault system (DFS) in the Talkeetna quadrangle. Plutons of the McKinley sequence largely intrude deformed upper Meszoic flysch between the DFS and the northern edges of Wrangellia and the Peninsular terrane, which jointly make up the Talkeetna superterrane. The average K-Ar age of biotite from nine granites of the McKinley sequence is 57.3 Ma; Rb-Sr data for whole rock samples indicate that the McKinley sequence cannot be older than 60 Ma. A selected suite of 20 samples of granite and granodiorite range in SiO2 from 65.9 to 77.6%. All 20 samples are corundum normative, and 18 are moderately peraluminous. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7054 to 0.7085. The σ18O values range from +11.2 to +14.6‰. These high and variable Sr isotopic ratios, peraluminous nature, rare earth element patterns, and high σ18O values suggest that granitic rocks of the McKinley sequence crystallized from hybrid magmas produced by assimilation of sedimentary rocks by a mantle-derived melt. Mesozoic flysch is the likely source of the crustal component of the hybrid magmas. Geologic evidence suggests that the Talkeetna superterrane collided with stable Alaska after Early Cretaceous time. The flysch basin, lying south of stable Alaska, was closed by northward movement of the Talkeetna superterrane; maximum age for basin closure and terrane accretion is middle Cretaceous (Cenomanian). Paleomagnetic evidence indicates that all terranes north of the DFS have been part of stable Alaska since the Paleocene and that northward movement of Wrangellia was completed by 50 Ma. Granitic rocks of the McKinley sequence may be products of terrane accretion; the granitic rocks crystallized from hybrid magmas produced during terrane collision and deformation of the flysch basin. Isotopic ages of the McKinley sequence establish the time of final accretion of the Talkeetna superterrane as Paleocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11413","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., and Reed, B., 1985, The McKinley Sequence of granitic rocks: A key element in the accretionary history of southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11413-11430, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11413.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"11413","endPage":"11430","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7dde4b08c986b321855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B.L.","contributorId":29434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013021,"text":"70013021 - 1985 - Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T15:45:41.819469","indexId":"70013021","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought","docAbstract":"Among the consequences of extremely low river flow into northern San Francisco Bay during a two-year drought were (1) a gradual increase in salinity, (2) an unusual decline in chlorophyll a concentration, and (3) the upstream migration of estuarine benthic invertebrates to the normally brackish area of the bay. Total abundance in the benthos at a shallow monitoring site increased from a normal 2000 to greater than 20 000 individuals m−2 during the summer of 1977, presumably in response to the increased salinity. Estimated filtration rates derived from equations in the literature for one of the species, the suspended-feeding bivalve Mya arenaria ranged from 1 to 4 m3 m−2 day−1 during 1977 depending on abundance and mean size on sampling dates. Because water depth at this site is less than 2 m, Mya could have filtered all of the particles (including diatoms) from the water column on the order of once per day. Several other immigrant species undoubtedly contributed to the removal of particles from the near-bottom water as well. Increased benthic grazing, therefore, could have accounted for the anomalously low phytoplankton biomass observed during the drought. These results suggest that during periods of prolonged low river flow and increased salinity benthic food webs could become more important than planktonic food webs in the upper part of the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(85)90018-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., 1985, Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 21, no. 3, p. 379-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90018-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53900208315437,\n 37.868856828024406\n ],\n [\n -122.42936805203873,\n 37.782258949446316\n ],\n [\n -122.40290466521779,\n 37.731447444156544\n ],\n [\n -122.41424611671275,\n 37.58479559067945\n ],\n [\n -122.3008316017656,\n 37.545839351546746\n ],\n [\n -122.2327828927973,\n 37.47686688256759\n ],\n [\n -122.14961224850258,\n 37.46486516533952\n ],\n [\n -122.11936837785015,\n 37.42584627770934\n ],\n [\n -121.99839289524002,\n 37.38079920329733\n ],\n [\n -121.92278321860876,\n 37.41383637259197\n ],\n [\n -121.92278321860876,\n 37.458863584117566\n ],\n [\n -122.0361977335559,\n 37.52485447798044\n ],\n [\n -122.0815635395343,\n 37.602768521483696\n ],\n [\n -122.1344903131766,\n 37.61474806365901\n ],\n [\n -122.14583176467109,\n 37.680601048251674\n ],\n [\n -122.19497805448144,\n 37.75536308797821\n ],\n [\n -122.2970511179341,\n 37.80018408861855\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 37.83602131947953\n ],\n [\n -122.30839256942859,\n 37.93746562322792\n ],\n [\n -122.3688803107339,\n 37.949391057353935\n ],\n [\n -122.32351450475502,\n 37.97025590985791\n ],\n [\n -122.21009998980787,\n 38.032814893300326\n ],\n [\n -122.24790482812375,\n 38.14290795819022\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 38.20234866837163\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 38.288451559881\n ],\n [\n -122.33863644008102,\n 38.24689738024401\n ],\n [\n -122.45205095502816,\n 38.14290795819022\n ],\n [\n -122.52388014782794,\n 38.136961221116565\n ],\n [\n -122.52388014782794,\n 37.98515574642889\n ],\n [\n -122.53900208315437,\n 37.868856828024406\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f6e4b0c8380cd61ad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012826,"text":"70012826 - 1985 - Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:53:44.5747","indexId":"70012826","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","docAbstract":"Data from the United States Oil and Gas File (TOTL) developed by the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, are used to characterize the lithology, location (state and basin), geologic age, year of discovery, depth to top of pay, porosity, permeability, water saturation, volume of crude oil and nonassociated gas originally in place, and net-pay thickness of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States. Distributions of these parameters, representing thousands of reservoirs, establish a framework to which individual carbonate reservoirs can be compared, and provide insights into geologic processes affecting reservoir characteristics.
Limestone reservoirs are more numerous in the United States than dolomite reservoirs (by a ratio of about 3 to 1) because limestones are more abundant than dolomites. However, in the eight states that account for over 90% of United States carbonate reservoirs, there is a statistical tendency for carbonate reservoirs to occur preferentially in dolomites. Dolomite reservoirs, on the average, are larger and deeper than those of limestone, yet they often have lower matrix porosities and permeabilities. This line of investigation offers supplemental evidence that dolomitization tends to improve the reservoir properties of a given formation, and that effective fracture systems at reservoir depths are more likely to occur in dolomites than in limestones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., Krystinik, K.B., and Halley, R., 1985, Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 5, p. 733-741, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf30e4b0c8380cd8742f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krystinik, Katherine B.","contributorId":77989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krystinik","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012797,"text":"70012797 - 1985 - Topographic mapping of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-13T11:40:12","indexId":"70012797","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic mapping of the Moon","docAbstract":"Contour maps of the Moon have been compiled by photogrammetric methods that use stereoscopic combinations of all available metric photographs from the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 missions. The maps utilize the same format as the existing NASA shaded-relief Lunar Planning Charts (LOC-1, -2, -3, and -4), which have a scale of 1:2 750 000. The map contour interval is 500m. A control net derived from Apollo photographs by Doyle and others was used for the compilation. Contour lines and elevations are referred to the new topographic datum of the Moon, which is defined in terms of spherical harmonics from the lunar gravity field. Compilation of all four LOC charts was completed on analytical plotters from 566 stereo models of Apollo metric photographs that cover approximately 20% of the Moon. This is the first step toward compiling a global topographic map of the Moon at a scale of 1:5 000 000. ?? 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00054173","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., 1985, Topographic mapping of the Moon: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 32, no. 2, p. 165-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00054173.","startPage":"165","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054173"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4d3e4b08c986b326582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.S.C.","contributorId":10421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012794,"text":"70012794 - 1985 - Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T15:16:56.487796","indexId":"70012794","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology","docAbstract":"An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations are far (i.e., several focal depths) from a group of events. This iterative scheme locates earthquakes relative to a master event and performs an inversion for in situ velocity using a generalized inverseleast squares estimation procedure. Direct arrivals, when available, may be included to stabilize the inversion and increase the accuracy of the event locations. We tested this scheme on artificial data contaminated by random and systematic arrival time errors, gaps in azimuthal coverage, and inaccuracies in the assumed velocity model. As usual, depth is the least well-resolved hypocenter coordinate, but this scheme yielded accurate locations of most events while converging to the correct velocity model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750020415","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., Jones, L.M., and Ma, X., 1985, Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 2, p. 427-439, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750020415.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd43e4b0c8380cd4e717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Xiufang","contributorId":105437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Xiufang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013478,"text":"70013478 - 1985 - Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:41:29.938285","indexId":"70013478","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The composition of bulk precipitation from two high-altitude sites, established in 1971 near the Continental Divide in southwestern Colorado, has been monitored by season during the past decade. Calcium ions are the predominant cationic species; sulfate is the major anionic constituent. Bulk precipitation major ion concentrations exhibit log-normal distributions. Representative mean and standard deviation values for the major inorganic ionic species present in bulk precipitation have been calculated for three years of consecutive seasons. Standard deviations for all species, except nitrate, are similar. For two years of data grouped into quarters, deviations from mean values fall well within the plus or minus two standard deviation limit. There does not seem to be a systematic deviation from the mean concentration values, with respect to either ionic component or season.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(85)90204-5","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., and Claassen, H., 1985, Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado: Atmospheric Environment, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1199-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90204-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1203","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Continental Divide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 39.20265409172441\n ],\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 36.98081285405249\n ],\n [\n -104.98419113532256,\n 36.98081285405249\n ],\n [\n -104.98419113532256,\n 39.20265409172441\n ],\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 39.20265409172441\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ad7e4b0c8380cd52474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013460,"text":"70013460 - 1985 - An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013460","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.","docAbstract":"The mineral assemblage biotite-garnet-muscovite-magnetite-quartz and its sub-sets are common in many peraluminous granites, schists and gneisses. If the biotite and garnet are reasonably iron-rich, then the system is a useful buffer for fO2. Available thermochemical data indicate that, in T-fO2 space, the buffer curve is located between the hematite-magnetite curve and the quartz-magnetite-fayalite curve, in a region that previously had no buffer curve applicable to peraluminous rocks. -J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1985, An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.: American Mineralogist, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 65-73.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaafe4b0c8380cd489f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E.","contributorId":101381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013131,"text":"70013131 - 1985 - Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T15:56:09.240262","indexId":"70013131","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Uranoan thorite crystals have been found occurring as a sparse constituent in lithophysae in 6.1 to 6.8 Ma alkali rhyolite flows at Thomas Mountain, Utah, USA. The crystals are associated with sandidine, quartz, topaz, hematite, magnetite, and calcite; they are leek to dark grass green, transparent, well-formed, euhedral prisms, showing development of forms {100}, {101}, and {111}. The mineral is both optically isotropic, with a refractive index of 1.86(1), and X-ray amorphous, indicating its metamict state. Electron microprobe analysis yields: SiO2 17.3, ThO2 56.8, UO2 25.4, total 99.5%, and a structural formula of (Th0.72U0.31)Σ1.03Si0.97O4.
This appears to be the first reported occurrence of thorite in volcanic rocks of rhyolitic composition, and may account for part or all of the Th reported in alkali rhyolites and so-called ‘topaz-rhyolites’ of the western USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.13","usgsCitation":"Foord, E.E., Cobban, R.R., and Brownfield, I.K., 1985, Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 49, no. 354, p. 729-731, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.13.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Topaz Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.937653580782325\n ],\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.54333019166518\n ],\n [\n -112.5647773941293,\n 39.54333019166518\n ],\n [\n -112.5647773941293,\n 39.937653580782325\n ],\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.937653580782325\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe07e4b08c986b32938c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, Robert R.","contributorId":86830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013129,"text":"70013129 - 1985 - RUNOFF, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, AND SURFACE COLLAPSE AT A LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE-WASTE BURIAL SITE NEAR SHEFFIELD, ILLINOIS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013129","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RUNOFF, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, AND SURFACE COLLAPSE AT A LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE-WASTE BURIAL SITE NEAR SHEFFIELD, ILLINOIS.","docAbstract":"Runoff, sediment transport, and precipitation were measured in three gaged basins composing two-thirds of the 20-acre site, and in a 3. 5-acre basin located 0. 3 mile south of the site. Locations and dimensions of surface collapses at the site were recorded by the site contractor. Volumes of collapsed material were calculated and converted to an equivalent weight of earth material by applying a mean value for the bulk density of soils at the site.","largerWorkTitle":"University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1985 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation.","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Kentucky","publisherLocation":"Office of Engineering Services, Lexington, KY, USA","issn":"02706504","isbn":"0897790642","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Peters, C.A., 1985, RUNOFF, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, AND SURFACE COLLAPSE AT A LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE-WASTE BURIAL SITE NEAR SHEFFIELD, ILLINOIS., in University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU, Lexington, KY, USA.","startPage":"389","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9371e4b0c8380cd80e09","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Graves Donald H.","contributorId":128374,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Graves Donald H.","id":536264,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013128,"text":"70013128 - 1985 - Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:51:51","indexId":"70013128","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"Operation of a wood-preserving facility for nearly 80 years at Pensacola, FL, contaminated the near-surface groundwater with creosote and pentachlorophenol. The major source of aquifer contamination was unlined surface impoundments that were in direct hydraulic contact with the groundwater. Episodes of overtopping the impoundments and overland flow of treatment liquor and waste were also significant to the migration and contamination of the groundwater. Solutes contaminating the ground-water are mainly naphthalene and substituted phenols. Sorption did not influence retardation of solutes in transport in the groundwater. Phenol and the mono substituted methylphenols appear to be undergoing bio-transformation. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was not found in significant concentrations in the groundwater possibly because the solubility of PCP is approximately 5 mg/L at pH 6, near the average acidity for the groundwater.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00140a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Goerlitz, D., Troutman, D., Godsy, E., and Franks, B., 1985, Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 19, no. 10, p. 955-961, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00140a012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"961","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida ","city":"Pensacola ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5713e4b0c8380cd6da32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, D.E.","contributorId":66301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franks, B.J.","contributorId":107739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013137,"text":"70013137 - 1985 - The age and origin of felsic intrusions of the Thetford Mines ophiolite, Quebec","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T18:36:28.994516","indexId":"70013137","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age and origin of felsic intrusions of the Thetford Mines ophiolite, Quebec","docAbstract":"The Thetford Mines ophiolite in southern Quebec was obducted in Early Ordovician time during the closing of the proto-Atlantic. The tectonized peridotite lower unit of the ophiolite is intruded by felsic dikes and pods including isolated lenses of massive rodingite, small bodies of strongly deformed diorite, and younger, less deformed quartz monzonite. These intrusions are found only near the base of the ophiolite, do not intrude the surrounding country rock, and are rootless; for these reasons they are considered to have been emplaced in the ophiolite before it reached its present location.The younger group of intrusions consists of biotite–muscovite quartz monzonite and leuco–quartz monzonite. Analyzed samples have high K2O contents, high (K2O × 100)/(Na2O + K2O) ratios, and high initial strontium ratios (0.7171–0.7179), indicating that the magma source region was continental and that these felsic rocks formed by partial melting of continental sediments. Whole-rock and mineral isochron ages suggest that the felsic intrusions are about 456 ± 4 Ma old and that they were metamorphosed about 418 ± 7 Ma ago.The detachment of the ophiolite occurred about 491 ± 3 Ma ago and is recorded by the age of the metamorphic aureole beneath the ophiolite. The felsic dikes were intruded some 35 Ma years later during the Taconic Orogeny. The lengthy time between detachment and final nappe emplacement recorded by the felsic dikes may be a requirement for the formation of abundant asbestiform chrysotile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e85-130","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Frankel, C., and Eaby, J., 1985, The age and origin of felsic intrusions of the Thetford Mines ophiolite, Quebec: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, no. 9, p. 1257-1261, https://doi.org/10.1139/e85-130.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1261","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Quebec","city":"Thetford Mines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.53395448413819,\n 46.17541878757814\n ],\n [\n -71.53395448413819,\n 45.98387893387692\n ],\n [\n -71.08132800656608,\n 45.98387893387692\n ],\n [\n -71.08132800656608,\n 46.17541878757814\n ],\n [\n -71.53395448413819,\n 46.17541878757814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9aae4b08c986b32240a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, C.S.","contributorId":57593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaby, J.S.","contributorId":93053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaby","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47688,"text":"wri854000 - 1985 - Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T20:13:58.796084","indexId":"wri854000","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4000","title":"Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1983","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854000","usgsCitation":"Mack, F., Wheeler, J.C., and Curtin, S.E., 1985, Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4000, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854000.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4000/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Magothy aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 39.083\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -76.383,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -76.383,\n 39.083\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 39.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a252f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Frederick K.","contributorId":95858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Frederick K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Judith C.","contributorId":13620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187698,"text":"70187698 - 1985 - Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T10:37:27","indexId":"70187698","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3007,"text":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","printIssn":"0031-0603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","docAbstract":"Increased foraging of an exceptionally abundant, but ephemeral, food source by ants can result from foraging excitement that does not include pheromone trails, tandem running, or from recruitment of other workers along pheromone trails (Carrol and Janzen, 1973). They also provided rationale for two types of short-lived pheromone trails resulting in mass or group recruitment. These both seem to fall into the Type II foraging strategy described by Oster and Wilson (1978). Neither of these discussions conveniently allow for pheromone recruitment by relatively small colonies of a primitive monomorphic species such as Paraponera clavata. Our observations suggest that recruitment to an abundant ephemeral food source does occur naturally and can be induced artificially in colonies of P. clavata.
Paraponera clavata is considered primitive (Wilson, 1958), particularly in foraging habits (Young and Hermann, 1980; Young, 1977). Hermann (1973, 1975) reported the P. clavata, unlike more advanced species, forages independently; following shot periods of apparent group activity outside of the colony (Young and Hermann, 1980). It reportedly does not return to a food source when only part has been harvested. After returning to its colony with booty, a single worker resumes foraging independently, with no observable tendency to return to partially harvested booty or without recruiting additional workers to collect the remaining food (Hermann, 1973; Young and Hermann, 1980). Reports of independent foraging, lack of forager recruitment, and apparent lack of food source fidelity resulted in the assumption that P. clavata probably lacks an effective pheromone trail communication system (Young and Hermann, 1980).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Coast Entomologial Society","issn":"0031-0603","usgsCitation":"Barrett, B.A., Jorgenson, C.D., and Looman, S.J., 1985, Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Pan-Pacific Entomologist, v. 61, no. 4, p. 334-338.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Bruce A.","contributorId":120563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, Clive D.","contributorId":147231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Clive","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Looman, Sandra J. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":179095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looman","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043714,"text":"70043714 - 1985 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:09:36","indexId":"70043714","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1984","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and mapsl that were published during 1984, and (2) articles by Geological Survey personnel in non-Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1984; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\" and \"Publications of the Geological Survey, '1962-1970.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043714","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1984: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043714.","productDescription":"v, 326 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043714/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272666,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043714/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad63e4b0b6328103b4f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003162,"text":"1003162 - 1985 - Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T11:22:07.321887","indexId":"1003162","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish","docAbstract":"Waters in the Great Lakes basin contain more than 400 contaminant chemicals that potentially affect fishery resources, commerce, and human inhabitants. We determined in the laboratory the effects of selected contaminants on the toxicity of the widely used lampricides TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) and Bayer 73 (2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide) to three species of fish—rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The fish were exposed to paired mixtures of lampricides and selected contaminants in standardized, acute static toxicity tests to determine the resulting type of response—less than additive, additive, or greater than additive (synergistic). As expected, the toxicities of combinations of lampricides with organic pesticides, metal, industrial or municipal pollutants, and tannic acid were mostly additive. However, the toxicity of a combination of TFM, Delnav, and malathion was synergistic, and extremely small quantities of each chemical became lethal when mixed. The concentration that produced 50% mortality was 1.64 mg/L for TFM alone but only 0.041 mg/L for TFM with the pesticides. Toxicities of the pesticides in the combination also increased commensurately. The triple combination of chemicals produced extraordinary synergism and effectively demonstrated the hazards that may result if certain chemical combinations occur in the aquatic environment. However, synergism is not the only kind of toxic action that produces hazards to aquatic organisms. All three types of toxic action are of concern because toxic units produced by contaminant chemicals add to the toxic units of applied management chemicals. Since the toxicity of the majority of chemical combinations is simply additive, this cumulative toxic action contributes more total units to aquatic environments than the extreme actions of less than additive and synergism. The toxicity of the lampricide TFM, as well as other management chemicals, is reinforced by the presence of any contaminant that contributes additional units of toxicity. Therefore, all types of cumulative toxic action should be of concern to people and agencies involved with protecting the environment.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Korschgen, C.E., George, L.S., and Green, W.L., 1985, Disturbance of diving ducks by boaters on a migrational staging area: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 13, no. 3, p. 290-296.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782494"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska, Upper Mississippi National Wildlife and Fish Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5323486328125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -92.8564453125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -93.1365966796875,\n 44.83639545410477\n ],\n [\n -92.1038818359375,\n 44.233392574879026\n ],\n [\n -91.3897705078125,\n 43.81471121600004\n ],\n [\n -91.2689208984375,\n 43.281204464332745\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 42.75104599038353\n ],\n [\n -90.560302734375,\n 42.28950073090457\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 42.05337156043361\n ],\n [\n -90.186767578125,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -90.5877685546875,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -90.96405029296874,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 43.113014204188914\n ],\n [\n -90.9832763671875,\n 43.3351671567243\n ],\n [\n -91.15081787109374,\n 43.49079023700749\n ],\n [\n -91.1810302734375,\n 43.93152797296857\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 44.136884638560495\n ],\n [\n -91.83746337890625,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -92.5323486328125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, L. S.","contributorId":21492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. L.","contributorId":48901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013961,"text":"70013961 - 1985 - Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013961","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","docAbstract":"Measurements were made of the amounts of D,18O, and H2O+ in fault gouge collected over a depth of 400 m in the San Andreas fault of California. The amounts and isotopic compositions of the pore fluids, also analyzed, suggest that formation waters from adjacent Franciscan rocks have migrated into the gouge and mixed with local meteoric water. Thus the gouge is an open system permeable to fluid flow. This permeability has important implications concerning heat flow along the fault zone. Analyses of the fault gouge itself give information on the amounts, timing, and conditions of formation of the clay minerals. Stable-isotope analyses of materials from fault zones are good indicators of water-rock interactions that bear importantly on processes taking place in seismically active regions. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874610","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., 1985, Water-rock interactions in fault gouge: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 440-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874610.","startPage":"440","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874610"},{"id":225992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef2e4b08c986b32e648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012915,"text":"70012915 - 1985 - Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:08:09","indexId":"70012915","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger","docAbstract":"Noncontaminating procedures were used during the hollow-stem auger installation of 12 observation wells on three hazardous waste sites in Kansas. Special precautions were taken to ensure that water samples were representative of the ground water in the aquifer and were not subjected to contamination from the land surface or cross contamination from within borehole. Precautions included thorough cleaning of the hollow-stem auger and casing, keeping drill cuttings from falling back into the borehole while drilling, and not adding water to the borehole. These procedures were designed to prevent contamination of the ground water during well installation. Because of the use of water during well installation could contaminate the aquifer or dilute contaminants already present in the aquifer, two methods of well installation that did not introduce outside water to the borehole were used. The first method involved using a slotted 3/4 -inch coupling that was attached to the bit plate of the hollow-stem auger, allowing formation water to enter the auger, thereby preventing sand-plug formation. This method proved to be adequate, except when drilling through clay layers, which tended to clog the slotted coupling. The second method involved screened well swab that allowed only formation water to enter the hollow-stem auger and prevented sand from plugging the hollow-stem auger when the bit plate was removed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 5, no. 4, p. 70-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x.","startPage":"70","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268113,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00941.x"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c27e4b0c8380cd62afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}