{"pageNumber":"4555","pageRowStart":"113850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165624,"records":[{"id":1007505,"text":"1007505 - 1985 - Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T13:18:44.649827","indexId":"1007505","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming","docAbstract":"<div>Analyses of high-speed film of captive Humboldt penguins (<i>Spheniscus humboldti</i>) show that there is no correlation between the radii of submerged turns and swimming speed. The sharpest turns had a mean turn radius (<i>n</i> = 5) of 0.14 m (0.24 body lengths), were powered by beating wings, and used multiple steering structures (beak, tail, feet, wings) and a flexing body. This turn radius is similar to that of fast-swimming fish with rigid bodies and lunate tails but is greater than that of slower fish with flexible bodies. The maximum turning rate was 10.05 radians s<sup>−1</sup>. Maneuverability is augmented by neck-extending strike behavior and porpoising leaps.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z85-318","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1985, Maneuverability of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) during swimming: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 63, p. 2165-2167, https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-318.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2165","endPage":"2167","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002401,"text":"2002401 - 1985 - Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002401","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85-74","title":"Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"595/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity: Research Information Bulletin 85-74, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012727,"text":"70012727 - 1985 - The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T14:43:36.129193","indexId":"70012727","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O","docAbstract":"<p><span>Low temperature adiabatic calorimetry and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry have been used to measure the heat-capacity of ilmenite (FeTiO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) from 5 to 1000 K. These measurements yield&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub>298</sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;= 108.9&nbsp;</span><i>J</i><span>/(</span><i>mol</i><span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>). Calculations from published experimental data on the reduction of ilmenite yield&nbsp;</span><i>Δ</i><sub>298</sub><sup>0</sup><span>(</span><i>I</i><span>1) = −1153.9&nbsp;</span><i>kJ</i><span>/(</span><i>mol</i><span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>). These new data, combined with available experimental and thermodynamic data for other phases, have been used to calculate phase equilibria in the system Fe-Ti-O. Calculations for the subsystem Ti-O show that extremely low values of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x192;O</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>\">ƒ<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ƒO2</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;are necessary to stabilize TiO, the mineral hongquiite reported from the Tao district in China. This mineral may not be TiO, and it should be re-examined for substitution of other elements such as N or C. Consideration of solid-solution models for phases in the system Fe-Ti-O allows derivation of a new thermometer/oxybarometer for assemblages of ferropseudobrookite-pseudobrookite</span><sub>ss</sub><span>&nbsp;and hematite-ilmenite</span><sub>ss</sub><span>. Preliminary application of this new thermometer/oxybarometer to lunar and terrestrial lavas gives reasonable estimates of oxygen fugacities, but generally yields subsolidus temperatures, suggesting re-equilibration of one or more phases during cooling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90061-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Anovitz, L.M., Treiman, A., Essene, E., Hemingway, B.S., Westrum, E., Wall, V., Burriel, R., and Bohlen, S., 1985, The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2027-2040, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90061-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2027","endPage":"2040","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/25563","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb3e4b08c986b323698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anovitz, Lawrence M.","contributorId":23174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anovitz","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treiman, A.H.","contributorId":87690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westrum, E.F. Jr.","contributorId":96416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westrum","given":"E.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wall, V.J.","contributorId":22493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burriel, R.","contributorId":10550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burriel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70012697,"text":"70012697 - 1985 - Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T14:41:07.539853","indexId":"70012697","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies were conducted in conjunction with the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) to examine the chemistry and leaching patterns of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack region. During the summer growing season, mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the ILWAS watersheds ranged from 21–32 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in O/A horizon leachates, from 5–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in B horizon leachates, from 2–4 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in groundwater solutions, from 6–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in first order streams, from 3–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake inlets, and from 2–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake outlets. During the winter, mean DOC concentrations dropped significantly in the upper soil profile. Soil solutions from mixed and coniferous stands contained as much as twice the DOC concentration of lysimeter samples from hardwood stands. Results of DOC fractionation analysis showed that hydrophobia and hydrophilic acids dominate the organic solute composition of natural waters in these watersheds. Charge balance and titration results indicated that the general acid-base characteristics of the dissolved humic mixture in these natural waters can be accounted for by a model organic acid having an average</span><i><sub>p</sub>K<sub>a</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of 3.85, an average charge density of 4–5 μeq mg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;C at ambient pH, and a total of 6–7 meq COOH per gram carbon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cronan, C.S., and Aiken, G., 1985, Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1697-1705, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.29169696323655,\n              43.110304037413016\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65762756236663,\n              43.325940733900524\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37581893975802,\n              43.72947615580239\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42513544871431,\n              44.39771116447804\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.82671273593193,\n              44.74401316527033\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6439577414979,\n              44.69395223588353\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.795621999963544\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.5357074866464\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a7e4b0c8380cd4c349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronan, C. S.","contributorId":33455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012824,"text":"70012824 - 1985 - A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:22:27.925604","indexId":"70012824","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A procedure for estimating <i>Bacillus cereus</i> spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","title":"A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","docAbstract":"<div id=\"SP0005\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The presence of bacterial spores of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Bacillus cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>group in soils and stream sediments appears to be a sensitive indicator of several types of concealed mineral deposits, including vein-type gold deposits. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>assay is rapid, inexpensive, and inherently reproducible. The test, currently under investigation for its potential in mineral exploration, is recommended for use on a research basis.</div><div id=\"SP0010\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Among the aerobic spore-forming bacilli, only<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and closely related strains produce an opaque zone in egg-yolk emulsion agar. This characteristic, also known as the Nagler of lecitho-vitellin reaction, has long been used to rapidly indentify and estimate presumptive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i>. The test is here adapted to permit rapid estimation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spores in soil and stream-sediment samples. Relative standard deviation was 10.3% on counts obtained from two 40-replicate pour-plate determinations. As many as 40 samples per day can be processed. Enough procedural detail is included to permit investigation of the test in conventional geochemical laboratories using standard microbiological safety precautions.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(85)90028-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Watterson, J., 1985, A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 23, no. 3, p. 243-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90028-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50be4b0c8380cd46abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watterson, J.R.","contributorId":102890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013550,"text":"70013550 - 1985 - PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF LANDSAT-4 THEMATIC MAPPER DATA FOR THEIR GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC ACCURACIES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013550","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF LANDSAT-4 THEMATIC MAPPER DATA FOR THEIR GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC ACCURACIES.","docAbstract":"This report describes results of some preliminary analyses of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper data for the NASA Landsat Image Quality Analysis program. The work is being done under interagency agreement S-12407-C between the U. S. Geological Survey and NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. Landsat-4 TM scenes for Washington, D. C. Macon, Georgia (40050-15333, September 4, 1982) and Cape Canaveral, Florida have been examined to determine their geometric and radiometric accuracy. In addition, parts of these scenes are also being analyzed to determine the ability to identify specific rock types with the added near-infrared TM bands.","largerWorkTitle":"NASA Conference Publication","conferenceTitle":"Landsat-4 Science Characterization Early Results.","conferenceLocation":"Greenbelt, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"NASA Scientific & Technical Information Branch","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"01917811","usgsCitation":"Podwysoki, M., Falcone, N., Bender, L., and Jones, O.D., 1985, PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF LANDSAT-4 THEMATIC MAPPER DATA FOR THEIR GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC ACCURACIES., <i>in</i> NASA Conference Publication, Greenbelt, MD, USA.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7372e4b0c8380cd77035","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barker John L.","contributorId":128362,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barker John L.","id":536277,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Podwysoki, M.H.","contributorId":78871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysoki","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, N.","contributorId":83266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bender, L.U.","contributorId":53944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"L.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013299,"text":"70013299 - 1985 - ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013299","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS.","docAbstract":"Many phenomena and processes in the earth sciences are a result of the electrochemical properties of rocks and minerals. Examples include formation of mineral deposits and petroleum reservoirs control of drilling muds, and success or failure of toxic waste isolation barriers. Such phenomena can be observed at a distance using geophysical techniques to measure various electrical properties of the earth.","largerWorkTitle":"Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"Extended Abstracts, Spring Meeting - Electrochemical Society.","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Ont, Can","language":"English","publisher":"Electrochemical Soc","publisherLocation":"Pennington, NJ, USA","issn":"01604619","usgsCitation":"Olhoeft, G.R., 1985, ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS., <i>in</i> Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts, v. 85-1, Toronto, Ont, Can.","startPage":"451","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85-1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045de4b0c8380cd50935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olhoeft, Gary R.","contributorId":27879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009946,"text":"70009946 - 1985 - Volcano hazards program in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:23:06.155549","indexId":"70009946","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano hazards program in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Volcano monitoring and volcanic-hazards studies have received greatly increased attention in the United States in the past few years. Before 1980, the Volcanic Hazards Program was primarily focused on the active volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, Hawaii, which have been monitored continuously since 1912 by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. After the reawakening and catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, the program was substantially expanded as the government and general public became aware of the potential for eruptions and associated hazards within the conterminous United States. Integrated components of the expanded program include: volcanic-hazards assessment; volcano monitoring; fundamental research; and, in concert with federal, state, and local authorities, emergency-response planning.</p><p>In 1980 the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory was established in Vancouver, Washington, to systematically monitor the continuing activity of Mount St. Helens, and to acquire baseline data for monitoring the other, presently quiescent, but potentially dangerous Cascade volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest. Since June 1980, all of the eruptions of Mount St. Helens have been predicted successfully on the basis of seismic and geodetic monitoring.</p><p>The largest volcanic eruptions, but the least probable statistically, that pose a threat to western conterminous United States are those from the large Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic systems, such as Long Valley caldera (California) and Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming), which are underlain by large magma chambers still potentially capable of producing catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions. In order to become better prepared for possible future hazards associated with such historically unpecedented events, detailed studies of these, and similar, large volcanic systems should be intensified to gain better insight into caldera-forming processes and to recognize, if possible, the precursors of caldera-forming eruptions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., and Bailey, R., 1985, Volcano hazards program in the United States: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 425-446, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90045-6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc334e4b08c986b32affc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014068,"text":"1014068 - 1985 - Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T13:14:53.980823","indexId":"1014068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas","docAbstract":"<div>A microsporidan parasite, fitting the description of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Nosema pimephales</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1941, was found in fry of the fathead minnow,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Rafinesque, from the Wray Fish Hatchery near Fort Morgan, Colorado. More detailed studies proved it to be a typical species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Glugea</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Thélohan, 1891, to which genus it was transferred. Presence of a delicate sporophorous vesicle, like that recently demonstrated in the type species, was observed. A sequence of three distinct kinds of divisions within that membrane, beginning with the plasmodium and ending with sporoblasts, was recognized. These were plasmotomy, multiple fission, and binary fission. The first two kinds, under the one name or the other, have been treated as one process in previous studies on species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Glugea</i>. Results of this, a well as of recent studies, compel us to reconsider our concepts of \"sporont\" and \"sporogony.\"</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z85-058","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Hoffman, G.L., and Sprague, V., 1985, Glugea pimephales Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941, n comb (Microporidia: Glugeidae) in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, C. 0000-0001-9425-691X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":73146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, V.","contributorId":26252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013765,"text":"1013765 - 1985 - Rapid serological analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by electrotransfer to nitrocellulose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T14:40:01.368801","indexId":"1013765","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2349,"text":"Journal of Immunological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid serological analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by electrotransfer to nitrocellulose","docAbstract":"<p>Techniques are described for the rapid screening of proteinase K-treated bacterial lysates by electroblot and immunoenzymatic detection to assess O-specificity of antigens and antisera. Conditions are outlined which permit the use of a single polyacrylamide gel for both electrotransfer to nitrocellulose and silver staining. Immunodetection of transferred LPS bands was equally sensitive to silver stain when whole cell or O-specific antisera were used. The techniques were utilized to identify at least 4 O-serotypes among sorbitol fermenting isolates of the fish pathogen,&nbsp;<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>. Observed variations in the electrophoretic mobilities of lipopolysaccharides from 17 field isolates of&nbsp;<i>Y. ruckeri</i>&nbsp;were used to accurately predict the O-serotype.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1759(85)90146-2","usgsCitation":"Pyle, S.W., and Schill, W.B., 1985, Rapid serological analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by electrotransfer to nitrocellulose: Journal of Immunological Methods, v. 85, no. 2, p. 371-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(85)90146-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013653,"text":"1013653 - 1985 - Allowable ammonia for fish culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:05:39.102047","indexId":"1013653","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allowable ammonia for fish culture","docAbstract":"<p><span>A review of the published literature on effects of ammonia on fish indicates that un‐ionized ammonia alone is probably not the cause of gill hyperplasia, indicative of, or previously attributed to, chronic ammonia poisoning. The maximum safe concentration of un‐ionized ammonia is unknown, but in many cases it is not close to the 0.0125 mg/L value commonly accepted by fish culturists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., 1985, Allowable ammonia for fish culture: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C135:AAFFC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013709,"text":"1013709 - 1985 - Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:39:12.878895","indexId":"1013709","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Immune response of channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","title":"Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes","docAbstract":"<p>Experiments were conducted to measure the agglutinating antibody response of channel catfish to a particulate and a soluble antigen administered simultaneously by one of three routes. Specific antibody production in response to administration of particulate brucella tube-test antigen via intramuscular injection, oral drench, and topical application peaked at 3 weeks in channel catfish held under identical conditions at 21°C. The humoral antibody response was greater in fish injected with antigen than in the orally or topically exposed channel catfish.</p><p>Specific antibody was also produced by the same channel catfish in response to the administration of a soluble ciliary preparation derived from<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Lwoff. Intramuscular injection of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tetrahymena</i><span>&nbsp;</span>antigen was the only route that produced detectable levels of circulating antibody as measured by direct agglutination of live<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T. pyriformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells. The response to the soluble antigen also peaked at 3 weeks.</p><p>Neither antigen elicited detectable agglutinins in cutaneous mucus, regardless of the vaccination method used.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(85)90169-3","usgsCitation":"Pyle, S.W., and Dawe, D.L., 1985, Immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, to bacterial and protozoan antigens administered by three routes: Aquaculture, v. 46, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(85)90169-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawe, D. L.","contributorId":66633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawe","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013717,"text":"1013717 - 1985 - Growth, body composition and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in cortisol-fed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:07:54.657204","indexId":"1013717","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, body composition and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in cortisol-fed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metabolic consequences of chronic elevation of cortisol in the diet of yearling channel catfish,&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>, were studied. Cortisol was incorporated into the diet in concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/g of food. This diet was offered at 3% of the body weight per day for 10 weeks. Fish were individually weighed and measured at 2-week intervals and feeding rates were adjusted. Body weight, liposomatic index and condition factor were significantly lower and food conversion was significantly higher in fish fed 50 or 100 μng cortisol/g of food when compared with controls. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed cortisol at the rate of 100 μg/g of food decreased significantly. Specific activity of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase was significantly higher at the two highest cortisol doses. Long-term cortisol administration can reduce growth and condition factor by activating gluconeogenic mechanisms in which lipids and amino acids, rather than carbohydrates, are used for energy production. The metabolic effects of exogenous cortisol in this study offer an explanation for the decreased growth of fish under conditions that activate the secretion of endogenous cortisol.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04019.x","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Torrance, P., Parker, N., and Suttle, M.A., 1985, Growth, body composition and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in cortisol-fed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04019.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torrance, P.","contributorId":105259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrance","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suttle, M. A.","contributorId":54926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012763,"text":"70012763 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:12:16.911715","indexId":"70012763","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The characteristics of the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina are being studied as a part of the Regional Aquifer System Analysis program of the United States Geological Survey. Potentiometric maps were constructed for the Middendorf aquifer of Cretaceous age and for the Floridan aquifer system and its sand facies equivalent, Tertiary sand aquifer, prior to development. Also constructed was a potentiometric decline map for the period prior to development to November 1982 for the Middendorf aquifer. These maps are used to describe the ground-water flow system.</p><p>The Coastal Plain aquifers are recharged primarily by precipitation in their outcrop areas. Ground water flows from these areas of recharge, through the aquifers, and discharges to upper Coastal Plain rivers, overlying aquifers as upward leakage, and wells.</p><p>Ground-water flow in the Floridan aquifer system and the Tertiary sand aquifer prior to development is generally perpendicular to the coast. Predevelopment flow in the Cretaceous aquifers, however, turns northeastward as it approaches the coast, almost paralleling the coast. The change in flow direction is caused by less effective intervening confining units, the aquifers being closer to the land surface, and the rivers at lower altitudes farther upstream in the vicinity of the North Carolina/South Carolina State line.</p><p>Water-level declines in the Cretaceous aquifers have occurred throughout much of the eastern part of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina due to pumpage in the Myrtle Beach and Florence areas. Large areally extensive water-level declines have also occurred in the Floridan aquifer system in South Carolina due to pumpage in the Savannah, Georgia area.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01952.x","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., and Speiran, G., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 6, p. 736-745, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01952.x.","productDescription":"10 -.","startPage":"736","endPage":"745","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2c11e4b0c8380cd5bbe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aucott, W. R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012844,"text":"70012844 - 1985 - Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T16:06:54.832392","indexId":"70012844","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic-refraction profiles recorded north of Mammoth Lakes, California, using earthquake sources from the January 1983 swarm complement earlier explosion refraction profiles and provide velocity information from deeper in the crust in the area of the Long Valley caldera. Eight earthquakes from a depth range of 4.9 to 8.0 km confirm the observation of basement rocks with seismic velocities ranging from 5.8 to 6.4 km/sec extending at least to depths of 20 km. The data provide further evidence for the existence of a partial melt zone beneath Long Valley caldera and constrain its geometry. This evidence is in the form of pronounced secondary arrivals, which we interpret as waves that have propagated through a volume with low Q (the magma chamber) and reflected from the lower boundary of the southern edge of this volume at depths of 18 to 20 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750010211","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Luetgert, J.H., and Mooney, W.D., 1985, Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 1, p. 211-221, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750010211.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/1/211/118669/Crustal-refraction-profile-of-the-Long-Valley"},{"id":222171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93592834472656,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93592834472656,\n              37.665342132088284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.665342132088284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e6e4b0c8380cd4b487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":364657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012808,"text":"70012808 - 1985 - Movement of volatile organics through a fractured rock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:10:37.395579","indexId":"70012808","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of volatile organics through a fractured rock aquifer","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In response to the detection of contaminants in several municipal water supply wells in a northern New Jersey community, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) undertook a detailed assessment of the movement of volatile organics through the Brunswick fractured rock aquifer. Understanding the directional or anisotropic behavior of ground-water flow within the aquifer proved to be a crucial factor for identification of the sources of contamination. Since the ground-water flow occurs in a direction predominantly parallel to the strike of the aquifer, the resulting distribution of contaminants allowed the differentiation of two overlapping plumes, each over 4,000 feet in length and each emerging from discrete adjacent sources.</p><p>The investigations and subsequent cleanup agreements between the NJDEP and the responsible parties allowed savings of several million dollars for the U.S. EPA's Super-fund Program which otherwise would have been used for cleanup of the site. The privately funded cleanup program includes treatment of the affected municipal wells and on-site remedial actions designed to fully restore the aquifer within 10 years.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01499.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Spayd, S., 1985, Movement of volatile organics through a fractured rock aquifer: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 4, p. 496-502, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01499.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f25e4b0c8380cd70dc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spayd, S.E.","contributorId":54347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spayd","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012793,"text":"70012793 - 1985 - Chemistry of thermal and nonthermal springs in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012793","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of thermal and nonthermal springs in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park","docAbstract":"Meaningful applications of water geothermometry to thermal springs in and around Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) are limited to Growler Hot Spring and Morgan Hot Springs. Most hot springs located within LVNP are low-chloride, acid-sulfate waters associated with nearby steam vents. This type of hot-spring activity is characteristically found above vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems. These acid-sulfate waters are not generally useful for liquid chemical geothermometry, however, because their chemical compositions result from water-rock interaction at relatively shallow depths. Thermal waters at Drakesbad and in Little Hot Springs Valley have neutral-pH, low-Cl concentrations and have estimated Na-K-Ca and Na-Li geothermometer temperatures close to measured spring temperatures of 65 to 95??C. Hot-spring waters located south of LVNP at Growler Hot Spring, Morgan Hot Springs, and in the south-central part of LVNP in the Walker \"O\" No. 1 well at Terminal Geyser are rich in chloride and yield calculated geothermometer temperatures between 220 and 230??C. These thermal waters probably originate within a zone of upflow of high-enthalpy fluid inside LVNP and cool conductively during lateral flow to the south and southeast. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., 1985, Chemistry of thermal and nonthermal springs in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 81-104.","startPage":"81","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5ade4b0c8380cd4c369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012809,"text":"70012809 - 1985 - COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:41:50","indexId":"70012809","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA.","docAbstract":"<p>The authors determine the feasibility of collecting reliable current-meter data in shallow water under natural conditions. The study involved field testing four types of recording current meters (different speed sensors) and comparing data recorded by the meters under different field conditions. Speeds recorded by the current meters at slack water and during maximum flows were compared during calm and windy conditions at various tide levels.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Ocean Engineering and the Environment - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., and Oltmann, R.N., 1985, COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA., <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), San Diego, CA, USA, p. 731-737.","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dae4b0c8380cd4b429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28861,"text":"wri854055 - 1985 - Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T17:50:01.378241","indexId":"wri854055","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4055","title":"Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama","docAbstract":"Available data for floods in the vicinity of Montgomery since the late 1800 's indicate that the flood of 1886 is the highest since settlement of the area in 1814. Profiles for floods in 1948, 1961, 1976, and 1979 were defined using floodmarks and recorded peak stages at gaging stations at Selma and Montgomery. The floods in 1948 and 1961 occurred before construction of Robert F. Henry Lock and Dam (formerly Jones Bluff Lock and Dam and Millers Ferry Lock and Dam). Considerable water-surface differences are indicated between the profiles for periods before and after construction of the dams. The investigation included a step-backwater model to reproduce profiles based on the actual flood profiles. After the actual flood profiles were reproduced, the model was used to compute additional profiles showing the effects of varying tributary inflow. The profiles were computed for discharges ranging from 80,000 ft3/s to 500 ,000 ft3/s. Stage-discharge relations were then developed for five sites upstream from Selma. Discharge coefficient curves for prevalent types of flow over the spillway at Robert F. Henry Lock and Dam were developed using discharges obtained from current-meter measurements and standard discharge equations for flow through gate-controlled spillways. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.H., Ming, C.O., and Psinakis, W.L., 1985, Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4055, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854055.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401757,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57740,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57739,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57737,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57738,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Selma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.154541015625,\n              32.22906629627297\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.22894287109375,\n              32.22906629627297\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.22894287109375,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.154541015625,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.154541015625,\n              32.22906629627297\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, G. H. Jr.","contributorId":23562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ming, C. O.","contributorId":9266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Psinakis, W. L.","contributorId":104074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psinakis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29912,"text":"wri854087 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:17:59.193897","indexId":"wri854087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4087","title":"Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer and associated hydrogeologic units was developed to evaluate the movement of coal-tar derivatives from a coal-tar distillation and wood-preserving plant in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. A finite-difference grid was superimposed on the modeled area, which includes most of eastern Hennepin County. The individual cells are 400-foot squares in the center of the grid (St. Louis Park area); the cells increase in dimension toward the outside limits of the grid. Five geologic units are represented by four layers in the model. These units include the Jordan Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (dolomite and sandy dolomite), the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone (silty and sandy shale), the St. Peter Sandstone, and glacial deposits in bedrock valleys.</p><p>The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions for a period before significant ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970 fs). A transient calibration was accomplished by simulation of a period during which seasonal changes in potentiometric head in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were significant (1977-80). Sensitivity testing indicated that leakage to the upper model layer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone were the model hydrologic properties which, when changed, resulted in the greatest changes in model-calculated water levels. The calibrated model generally calculates water levels that are within 10 feet of measured values.</p><p>Model simulations indicate that the potentiometric surface of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer would be raised by as much as 3 feet in the area of the plant site by water introduced into the aquifer through wells open to more than one aquifer system. The cones of impression created at these wells could have a significant impact on the transport of contaminants in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan.</p><p>The presence of coal-tar derivatives in the aquifer has been difficult to explain in wells located upgradient from the plant site to the north, west, and southwest. Simulations suggest that, during periods of heavy withdrawal from certain of these wells (SLP10, SLP15, and SLP5), local hydraulic gradients may have been altered, resulting in the potential for the movement of contaminants from the area of the plant site to the wells. Cones of impression at multiaquifer wells near the plant site contributed to the alteration of local gradients.</p><p>Simulation of a proposed gradient-control plan, in which lateral homogeneity and isotropy of individual hydro geologic units was assumed, indicates that the actions would be effective in limiting expansion of the contaminated volume in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. The plan includes the control of withdrawal from five wells. The simulations also show, however, that modelcalculated potentiometric surfaces are sensitive to changes in withdrawal rates at wells not intended to be under the control of the plan. Management of discharge from these wells also will be important to overall effectiveness of the remedial-action plan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854087","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Hult, M.F., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4087, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854087.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36260.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.167,\n              45.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.583,\n              45.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.583,\n              44.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.167,\n              44.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.167,\n              45.083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176041,"text":"70176041 - 1985 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T10:35:11","indexId":"70176041","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., and Ozuna, G., 1985, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 42, 131 p.","productDescription":"131 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef1e4b0f2f0cebe4621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012378,"text":"70012378 - 1985 - General P, type-I S, and type-II S waves in anelastic solids; inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T15:48:53.179701","indexId":"70012378","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"General <i>P</i>, type-I <i>S</i>, and type-II <i>S</i> waves in anelastic solids; inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids","title":"General P, type-I S, and type-II S waves in anelastic solids; inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids","docAbstract":"<p>The physical characteristics for general plane-wave radiation fields in an arbitrary linear viscoelastic solid are derived. Expressions for the characteristics of inhomogeneous wave fields, derived in terms of those for homogeneous fields, are utilized to specify the characteristics and a set of reference curves for general&nbsp;<i>P</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;wave fields in arbitrary viscoelastic solids as a function of wave inhomogeneity and intrinsic material absorption. The expressions show that an increase in inhomogeneity of the wave fields causes the velocity to decrease, the fractional-energy loss (<i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup>) to increase, the deviation of maximum energy flow with respect to phase propagation to increase, and the elliptical particle motions for&nbsp;<i>P</i>&nbsp;and type-I&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves to approach circularity.&nbsp;<i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;for inhomogeneous type-I&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves is shown to be greater than that for type-II&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves, with the deviation first increasing then decreasing with inhomogeneity. The mean energy densities (kinetic, potential, and total), the mean rate of energy dissipation, the mean energy flux, and&nbsp;<i>Q</i><sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;for inhomogeneous waves are shown to be greater than corresponding characteristics for homogeneous waves, with the deviations increasing as the inhomogeneity is increased for waves of fixed maximum displacement amplitude. For inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids, only the tilt of the particle motion ellipse for&nbsp;<i>P</i>&nbsp;and type-I&nbsp;<i>S</i>&nbsp;waves is independent to first order of the degree of inhomogeneity. Quantitative estimates for the characteristics of inhomogeneous plane body waves in layered low-loss solids are derived and guidelines established for estimating the effect of inhomogeneity on seismic body waves and a Rayleigh-type surface wave in low-loss media.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750061729","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., and Wennerberg, L., 1985, General P, type-I S, and type-II S waves in anelastic solids; inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1729-1763, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750061729.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1729","endPage":"1763","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1448e4b0c8380cd549a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wennerberg, Leif","contributorId":96008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013300,"text":"70013300 - 1985 - APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013300","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","docAbstract":"Acoustic-logging methods using a considerable range of wavelengths and frequencies have proven very useful in the in situ characterization of deeply buried crystalline rocks. Seismic velocities are useful in investigating the moduli of unfractured rock, and in producing a continuous record of rock quality for comparison with discontinuous intervals of core. The considerable range of frequencies makes the investigation of scale effects possible in both fractured and unfractured rock. Several specific methods for the characterization of in situ permeability have been developed and verified in the field.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Research & Engineering Applications in Rock Masses, Proceedings of the 26th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.","conferenceLocation":"Rapid City, SD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"A. A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Neth","issn":"0085574X","isbn":"9061916011","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1985, APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS., <i>in</i> Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics, v. 1, Rapid City, SD, USA, p. 207-220.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd4722c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":59329,"text":"mf1347E - 1985 - Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T20:32:10.530654","indexId":"mf1347E","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1347","chapter":"E","title":"Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>The data for the aerornagnetic map of the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas and vicinity were compiled from two separate airborne surveys {U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, 1981) produced in cooperation with the State of Georgia. These surveys were flown by fixed - wing aircraft in 1976 and 1981 at 500 ft (150 m) above mean terrain along rarallel flight lines oriented northwest-southeast. Flight-line spacing is 0.5 mi (0.8 km} for the 1981 survey, which covers the major part of the map, and l mi (1.6 km) for the 1976 survey, which covers the southeast corner of the map. The 1976 survey was adjusted to the magnetic level of the 1981 survey and recontoured where the surveys join. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (Barraclough and Fabiano, 1975) has been removed from the data of each survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1347E","usgsCitation":"Daniels, D.L., 1985, Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1347, 1 Plate: 38.91 x 39.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1347E.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.91 x 39.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358788,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1347-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1347-E/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,34.666666666666664 ], [ -84,35 ], [ -83.5,35 ], [ -83.5,34.666666666666664 ], [ -84,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012204,"text":"70012204 - 1985 - Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:37:27","indexId":"70012204","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>Results of a study of input/output mass balances for major ions based on the chemical composition of precipitation and stream-water, geochemical reactions with different loading rates of hydrogen ion, and watershed processes influencing the chemical character of stream-waters in two small watershed areas are reported with a view to predicting the effect of additions of acidic rain to the watershed systems. Geochemical weathering processes account for the observed changes in the chemistry of stream flow. Although present in bedrock in extremely small quantities, calcite plays an important role in neutralization of the total hydrogen-ion input.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AJS","doi":"10.2475/ajs.285.10.931","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Bricker, O., and Kennedy, M., 1985, Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland: American Journal of Science, v. 285, no. 10, p. 951-962, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.10.931.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"962","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.10.931","text":"Publisher Index 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