Mineral-aqueous solution equilibria for the assemblages talc-quartz, tremolite-talc-quartz, diopside-tremolite-quartz, wollastonite-diopside-quartz and wollastonite-quartz have been studied at 2 kb total pressure, 500° to 700°C and chloride concentrations from 0.03 to 6.0 molal. Most work was at 1 m chloride. Both buffered and unbuffered data were obtained and a recalibration of the Ag-AgCl buffer is presented. Log equilibrium quotients at 500°, 600° and 700°C are respectively: Ta-Qz (
Overall dissociation constants of MgCl2 and CaCl2 were calculated from the experimental data using the calculated ionic activity constants for the reactions and the established dissociation constants of HCl. The negative log values are respectively: 3.88. 6.63, 9.20 for CaCl2 and 4.60, 7.54, 10.37 for MgCl2 at 500°, 600° and 700°C, 2 kb. The Ca values are about an order of magnitude more positive than the conductance-derived values by Frantz and Marshall (1982).
The phase relations developed in this study have application to the genesis of talc, tremolite, and diopside-bearing assemblages in some regional metamorphic rocks, but more specifically to the calcsilicate skarn assemblages of many metasomatic aureoles. The equilibrium fluids are characterized by high concentrations of Ca relative to Mg and increasing
Heat flow was measured at nine sites in crystalline and sedimentary rocks of southeastern Alaska. Seven of the sites, located between 115 and 155 km landward of the Queen Charlotte – Fairweather transform fault, have an average heat flow of 59 ± 6 mW m−2. This value is significantly higher than the mean of 42 mW m−2 in the coastal provinces between Cape Mendocino and the Queen Charlotte Islands, to the south, and is lower than the mean of 72 ± 2 mW m−2 for 81 values within 100 km of the San Andreas transform fault, even farther south. This intermediate value suggests the absence of significant heat sinks associated with Cenozoic subduction and of heat sources related to either late Cenozoic tectono-magmatic events or significant shear-strain heating. At Warm Springs Bay, 75 km from the plate boundary, an anomalously high heat flow of 150 mW m−2 can most plausibly be ascribed to the thermal spring activity from which its name is derived. At Quartz Hill, 240 km landward of the plate boundary, a value of 115 mW m−2 might indicate a transition to a province of high heat flow resulting from late Tertiary and Quaternary extension and volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e85-040","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Lawver, L., and Munroe, R.J., 1985, A heat-flow reconnaissance of southeastern Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, no. 3, p. 416-421, https://doi.org/10.1139/e85-040.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"421","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.97232168191684,\n 60.266687484662555\n ],\n [\n -144.97232168191684,\n 54.50091415985651\n ],\n [\n -129.93033385105198,\n 54.50091415985651\n ],\n [\n -129.93033385105198,\n 60.266687484662555\n ],\n [\n -144.97232168191684,\n 60.266687484662555\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e419e4b0c8380cd463ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawver, L.A.","contributorId":73599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawver","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munroe, R. J.","contributorId":56215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munroe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013202,"text":"70013202 - 1985 - New approach to calibrating bed load samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:04:58","indexId":"70013202","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approach to calibrating bed load samplers","docAbstract":"Cyclic variations in bed load discharge at a point, which are an inherent part of the process of bed load movement, complicate calibration of bed load samplers and preclude the use of average rates to define sampling efficiencies. Calibration curves, rather than efficiencies, are derived by two independent methods using data collected with prototype versions of the Helley‐Smith sampler in a large calibration facility capable of continuously measuring transport rates across a 9 ft (2.7 m) width. Results from both methods agree. Composite calibration curves, based on matching probability distribution functions of samples and measured rates from different hydraulic conditions (runs), are obtained for six different versions of the sampler. Sampled rates corrected by the calibration curves agree with measured rates for individual runs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677)","usgsCitation":"Hubbell, D.W., Stevens, H., Skinner, J.V., and Beverage, J., 1985, New approach to calibrating bed load samplers: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 111, no. 4, p. 677-694, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"694","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269428,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677)"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6558e4b0c8380cd72b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbell, D. W.","contributorId":15997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, H.H.","contributorId":90347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beverage, J.P.","contributorId":44120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beverage","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013200,"text":"70013200 - 1985 - In situ calibration of a high-resolution gamma-ray borehole sonde for assaying uranium-bearing sandstone deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:22:13","indexId":"70013200","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2908,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ calibration of a high-resolution gamma-ray borehole sonde for assaying uranium-bearing sandstone deposits","docAbstract":"A method is presented for assaying radioactive sandstone deposits in situ by using a high-resolution borehole gamma-ray spectrometer. Gamma-ray photopeaks from the same spectrum acquired to analyze a sample are used to characterize gamma-ray attenuation properties, from which a calibration function is determined. Assay results are independent of differences between properties of field samples and those of laboratory or test-hole standards generally used to calibrate a borehole sonde. This assaying technique is also independent of the state of radioactive disequilibrium that usually exists in nature among members of the natural-decay chains. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9002(85)90830-7","issn":"01689002","usgsCitation":"Day, J., 1985, In situ calibration of a high-resolution gamma-ray borehole sonde for assaying uranium-bearing sandstone deposits: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, v. 234, no. 1, p. 205-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(85)90830-7.","startPage":"205","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(85)90830-7"}],"volume":"234","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a399ae4b0c8380cd61994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, J.H. Jr.","contributorId":78085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013479,"text":"70013479 - 1985 - TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013479","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","docAbstract":"Chance No. 1 was drilled to a depth of 245. 4 m and cased to a depth of 72. 2 m in 1961. Temperature logs were obtained in 1976, 1982, and 1983, with the casing open to the atmosphere. Water was boiling at the surface of the fluid column on each occasion. Temperatures within the upper part of the cased interval remained virtually identical over the 7-year period. The small differences observed can be ascribed to convective motions in the large-diameter casing and the large geothermal gradient. Above a depth of 160 m in the open hole, temperatures have cooled 5 degree -7 degree C over the 7-year period of observation. The shape of the temperature profiles and their variation with time can be explained by an influx of cool water at about 160 m. The cooling rate is much larger between 1982 and 1983 than that between 1982 and 1976, which suggests that earthquake shaking may be a major contributing factor.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412596","usgsCitation":"Diment, W., Urban, T.C., and Nathenson, M., 1985, TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983)., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 1, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 417-422.","startPage":"417","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba37ce4b08c986b31fd0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diment, W.H.","contributorId":54992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diment","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, T. C.","contributorId":49788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013095,"text":"70013095 - 1985 - Demonstration of two pulses of Paleogene deformation in the Andes of Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:40:58.105456","indexId":"70013095","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of two pulses of Paleogene deformation in the Andes of Peru","docAbstract":"New radiometric ages of about 25 m.y. on volcanic materials in a marine intercalation within clastic continental strata of the Upper Moquegua Formation near Caraveli, southern Peru, together with an age of25.3 ± 0.4 m.y obtained by Tosdal et al. from a locality about 300 km to the ESE, show that the formation contains strata of late Oligocene as well as Miocene age, and demonstrate that the coastal region was at a low elevation during latest Oligocene time. Because the unconformities between the Upper Moquegua Formation and the underlying Lower Moquegua Formation, and between the Lower Moquegua Formation and underlying Paleocene rocks cannot both represent the same tectonic event, two discrete Paleogene events must be present in the Andes of Peru. Although the exact timing of these events is uncertain, the unconformities are likely to be of Paleocene and middle Eocene age or possibly of middle Eocene and Oligocene age.
The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered employing numerical inversions of the Laplace-transform solution. By scaling the time with respect to the undamped natural period of the well-aquifer system and by using the damping parameter for a second-order damped, inertial-elastic system, a set of type curves was constructed that enables water level response data from a slug or bailer test to be analyzed under conditions where the inertial parameter is large. Values of transmissivity and effective static water column length can be determined when an estimate of storage coefficient is available. The numerical solution and resulting type curves cover the transition range between the limiting cases of negligible inertial effects and of damped oscillation that have been treated by others. Two examples of slug test analysis show that precise results depend on accurate measurements of water level displacement (±1% of initial value).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i009p01397","usgsCitation":"Kipp, K.L., 1985, Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1397-1408, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i009p01397.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9ace4b08c986b327d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. Jr.","contributorId":189754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013115,"text":"70013115 - 1985 - Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T15:57:13.732921","indexId":"70013115","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Benzene extractable aliphatic hydrocarbons from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the total organic matter of the shale was characterized by solid state carbon-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Core samples from a northwest-trending cross-section of the Illinois Basin were studied. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS) data indicate a regional variation of the aliphatic composition of the shale extracts. A positive, linear relationship between the two ratios, pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18, is indicated. The NMR results indicated that organic matter deposited in northwestern Illinois shale is relatively high in aliphatic hydrocarbon content while, in contrast, organic matter found in southeastern Illinois shale is relatively low in aliphatic hydrocarbon content. Our findings suggest that the organic variation of the shale is mainly due to the differences in thermal maturity of the shale organic matter and the use of pristane/n-C17 ratio as a thermal parameter in the study of oil may be extended to the study of the ancient sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(85)90019-1","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Dickerson, D.R., 1985, Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin: Organic Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 6, p. 413-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(85)90019-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, 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\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fb1e4b0c8380cd75be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, D. R.","contributorId":66837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013365,"text":"70013365 - 1985 - 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar data bearing on the metamorphic and tectonic history of western New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:24:02.293607","indexId":"70013365","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar data bearing on the metamorphic and tectonic history of western New England","docAbstract":"40Ar/39Ar ages of coexisting biotite and hornblende from Proterozoic Y gneisses of the Berkshire and Green Mountain massifs, as well as 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar mineral and whole-rock ages from Paleozoic metamorphic rocks, suggest that the thermal peak for the dominant metamorphic recrystallization in western New England occurred 465 ± 5 m.y. ago (Taconian). Although textural data indicate a complex metamorphic-tectonic history for Paleozoic rocks, no evidence in rocks at least as high as kyanite grade dictates an Acadian age for the Barrovian metamorphism. Available 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar data suggest that the low-grade metamorphism and cleavage formation in Taconic allochthons and the higher-grade metamorphism and emplacement of the Berkshire massif allochthon are Taconian.
40Ar/39Ar age data from a poorly defined terrane beginning near the east margin of the Green Mountain massif and extending along the eastern one-third of the Berkshire massif as far south as Otis, Massachusetts, suggest that the area has been retrograded during a metamorphism that peaked at least 376 ± 5 m.y. ago (Acadian).
Available age and petrologic data from western New England indicate the presence of at least three separate metamorphic-structural domains of Taconian age: (1) a small area of relict high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphism in northern Vermont (T-1 domain), (2) a broad area in Vermont and eastern New York of normal Barrovian metamorphism from chlorite to garnet grade and characterized by a gentle metamorphic gradient (T-2 domain), and (3) a rather narrow belt of steep-gradient, Barrovian series metamorphic rocks extending from near the Cortlandt Complex northeastward through Dutchess County, New York, to the Berkshire massif in western Massachusetts (T-3 domain). Areas of maximum metamorphic intensity within the T-3 domain coincide with areas of maximum crustal thickening resulting from imbricate thrusting (Berkshire massif) or from recumbent folding (Manhattan Prong) of remobilized North American continental crust in the later stages of the Taconic orogeny.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<123:AAKDBO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sutter, J.F., Ratcliffe, N.M., and Mukasa, S., 1985, 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar data bearing on the metamorphic and tectonic history of western New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 1, p. 123-136, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<123:AAKDBO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.71683860031261,\n 43.14936147487742\n ],\n [\n -73.71683860031261,\n 41.42652808796893\n ],\n [\n -72.88187766281217,\n 41.42652808796893\n ],\n [\n -72.88187766281217,\n 43.14936147487742\n ],\n [\n -73.71683860031261,\n 43.14936147487742\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e264e4b0c8380cd45b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013364,"text":"70013364 - 1985 - PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013364","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","docAbstract":"A viable rheological model should consist of both a time-independent part and a time-dependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i. e. , the normal stress effect and soil yield criteria) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris flow modeling. Other rheological models, such as the Bingham plastic fluid model and the so-called Coulomb-viscous model, are compared in terms of the generalized viscoplastic fluid model.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1985, PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 733-741.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7375e4b0c8380cd7704d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013478,"text":"70013478 - 1985 - Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:41:29.938285","indexId":"70013478","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The composition of bulk precipitation from two high-altitude sites, established in 1971 near the Continental Divide in southwestern Colorado, has been monitored by season during the past decade. Calcium ions are the predominant cationic species; sulfate is the major anionic constituent. Bulk precipitation major ion concentrations exhibit log-normal distributions. Representative mean and standard deviation values for the major inorganic ionic species present in bulk precipitation have been calculated for three years of consecutive seasons. Standard deviations for all species, except nitrate, are similar. For two years of data grouped into quarters, deviations from mean values fall well within the plus or minus two standard deviation limit. There does not seem to be a systematic deviation from the mean concentration values, with respect to either ionic component or season.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(85)90204-5","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., and Claassen, H., 1985, Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado: Atmospheric Environment, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1199-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90204-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1203","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Continental Divide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 39.20265409172441\n ],\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 36.98081285405249\n ],\n [\n -104.98419113532256,\n 36.98081285405249\n ],\n [\n -104.98419113532256,\n 39.20265409172441\n ],\n [\n -108.23614426032228,\n 39.20265409172441\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ad7e4b0c8380cd52474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013108,"text":"70013108 - 1985 - 10Be analysis of a Quaternary weathering profile in the Virginia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T12:02:42.613639","indexId":"70013108","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"10Be analysis of a Quaternary weathering profile in the Virginia Piedmont","docAbstract":"Samples from a residual weathering profile in the Virginia Piedmont have been analyzed for cosmogenic 10Be. Concentrations are highest in clay-rich soil and decrease exponentially to a depth of about 15 m. Despite uncertainties about the processes by which 10Be may be intercepted before entering the solum and eroded after incorporation, a minimum age may be calculated for the regolith. This calculation is based on the delivery rate of 10Be and its decay rate and suggests that this residual profile developed during a period no shorter than 8 × 105 yr. The calculated minimum age may be within a factor of 2 of maximum-age estimates based on surface lowering by erosion and on the rate of rock weathering to saprolite. The vertical distribution of 10Be in the profile could result from a steady-state balance of deposition, weathering, radioactive decay, and erosion.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750051455","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Heaton, T.H., and Snavely, P., 1985, Possible tsunami along the northwestern coast of the United States inferred from Indian traditions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1455-1460, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750051455.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1460","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130115-110915450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":220351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7369e4b0c8380cd77004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":84739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, Parke D. Jr.","contributorId":80328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"Parke D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013090,"text":"70013090 - 1985 - Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T20:53:21","indexId":"70013090","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","docAbstract":"Solubility relations in the ternary system NaCl-FeCl2-H2O have been determined by the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 20 to 85??C along six composition lines. These she composition lines are defined by mixing FeCl2??4H2O with six aqueous NaCl solutions containing 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, and 25 wt % of NaCl, respectively. The solid phases encountered in these experiments were NaCl and FeCl2??4H2O. The maximum uncertainties in these measurements are ??0.02 wt % NaCl and ??0.15??C. The data along each composition line were regressed to a smooth curve when only one solid phase was stable. When two solids were stable along a composition line, the data were regressed to two smooth curves, the intersection of which indicated the point where the two solids coexisted. The maximum deviation of the measured solubilities from the smoothed curves is 0.14 wt % FeCl2. Isothermal solubilities of halite and FeCl2??4H2O were calculated from these smoothed curves at 25, 50, and 70 ??C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/je00040a027","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Phan, L., 1985, Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 30, no. 2, p. 216-218, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027.","startPage":"216","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269096,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9248e4b08c986b319df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phan, L.D.","contributorId":107429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phan","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013132,"text":"70013132 - 1985 - Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:49:53","indexId":"70013132","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","docAbstract":"Results from multi-year investigations in the San Francisco Bay estuary show that large abundance fluctuations within benthic macroinvertebrate populations reflect both (1) within-year periodicity of reproduction, recruitment, and mortality that is not necessarily coincident with seasonal changes of the environment (e.g., the annual temperature cycle), and (2) aperiodic density changes (often larger than within-year fluctuations) following random perturbations of the environment. Density peaks of the small, short-lived estuarine invertebrates that comprise the vast majority of individuals in the bay's relatively homogeneous benthic community normally occur between spring and autumn depending on the species, in large part a reflection of reproductive periodicity. However, because mild winters permit reproductive activity in some of the common species throughout much of the year, other factors are important to within-year density fluctuations in the community. Seasonally predictable changes in freshwater inflow, wind and tidal mixing, microalgal biomass, and sediment erosion/deposition patterns all contribute to observed seasonal changes in abundance. For example, the commonly observed decline in abundance during winter reflects both short-lived species that die after reproducing and the stress of winter conditions (e.g., inundation by less saline, sediment-laden water and the decline in both planktonic and benthic algal biomass - a direct source of food for the shallow-water benthos). On the other hand, data from several studies suggest that observed 'recruitment' and 'mortality' may in fact be the migration of juveniles and adults to and from study sites. For example, the common amphipod Ampelisca abdita apparently moves from shallow to deep water, or from up-estuary to down-estuary locations, coincident with periods of high river runoff in winter. Growth of individuals within the few studied species populations is also highly seasonal, and appears to be coincident with seasonal increases in the abundance of planktonic and/or benthic microalgae. Two multi-year studies have shown that, in addition to within-year periodicity, major restructuring of the benthic community can occur as a result of anomalous (usually climate-related) perturbations of the benthic habitat. For example, during wet years freshwater-intolerant species disappear from the upper part of the estuary and from shallow areas of the bay. During a two-year drought these same species colonized the extreme upper end of the estuary in large numbers. Other aperiodic perturbations include localized instances of sediment erosion or deposition and algal mat accumulations that greatly depress abundance. Additionally, there is evidence (observations that the clam Macoma balthica establishes large populations only when the amphipod A. abdita is not abundant) that species interactions can contribute greatly to interannual variations. Thus, while community composition may change little over the long term, year-to-year predictability of species abundances is low. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048691","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., and Thompson, J., 1985, Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ace4b08c986b325f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013018,"text":"70013018 - 1985 - Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:48:54","indexId":"70013018","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"Sorption of chromium VI on the iron-oxide- and hydroxide-coated surface of alluvial material was numerically simulated with rate-controlled reactions. Reaction kinetics and diffusional processes, in the form of film, pore, and particle diffusion, were simulated and compared with experimental results. The use of empirically calculated rate coefficients for diffusion through the reacting surface was found to simulate experimental data; pore or particle diffusion is believed to be a possible rate-controlling mechanism. The use of rate equations to predict conservative transport and rate- and local-equilibrium-controlled reactions was shown to be feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01703","usgsCitation":"Grove, D., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1985, Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1703-1709, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01703.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1709","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad4e4b0c8380cd690ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, D.B.","contributorId":56689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013092,"text":"70013092 - 1985 - MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70013092","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.","docAbstract":"This article briefly traces the status of marine minerals development, and it describes papers presented in this special issue on the subject. Subjects covered include types of deposits, marine mining in Canada, Manganese nodules, metalliferous sulfides as seabed minerals, metallurgical processes for reducing sulfide minerals, U. S. phosphate industry, construction materials and placers, and industry problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Technology Society Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Cruickshank, M.J., and Siapno, W., 1985, MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 19, no. 4, p. 3-5.","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab7e4b0c8380cd68faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruickshank, Michael J.","contributorId":97627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruickshank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siapno, William","contributorId":38278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siapno","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013903,"text":"70013903 - 1985 - Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013903","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California","docAbstract":"The locked section of the San Andreas fault in southern California has experienced a number of large and great earthquakes in the past, and thus is expected to have more in the future. To estimate the location, time, and slip of the next few earthquakes, an earthquake instability model is formulated. The model is similar to one recently developed for moderate earthquakes on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California. In both models, unstable faulting (the earthquake analog) is caused by failure of all or part of a patch of brittle, strain-softening fault zone. In the present model the patch extends downward from the ground surface to about 12 km depth, and extends 500 km along strike from Parkfield to the Salton Sea. The variation of patch strength along strike is adjusted by trial until the computed sequence of instabilities matches the sequence of large and great earthquakes since a.d. 1080 reported by Sieh and others. The last earthquake was the M=8.3 Ft. Tejon event in 1857. The resulting strength variation has five contiguous sections of alternately low and high strength. From north to south, the approximate locations of the sections are: (1) Parkfield to Bitterwater Valley, (2) Bitterwater Valley to Lake Hughes, (3) Lake Hughes to San Bernardino, (4) San Bernardino to Palm Springs, and (5) Palm Springs to the Salton Sea. Sections 1, 3, and 5 have strengths between 53 and 88 bars; sections 2 and 4 have strengths between 164 and 193 bars. Patch section ends and unstable rupture ends usually coincide, although one or more adjacent patch sections may fail unstably at once. The model predicts that the next sections of the fault to slip unstably will be 1, 3, and 5; the order and dates depend on the assumed length of an earthquake rupture in about 1700. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876385","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., 1985, Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 6, p. 793-811, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876385.","startPage":"793","endPage":"811","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876385"}],"volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c23e4b0c8380cd62ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013093,"text":"70013093 - 1985 - Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:02:29","indexId":"70013093","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","docAbstract":"Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above- or below-mean streamflow. The second component represents a north-south opposition in departures from mean flow, and the third, an east-west opposition. Higher-order components (fourth and fifth) geographically depict regional patterns of opposition in the sign of streamflow departures between coastal-continental areas and between the northern and southern plains, respectively. Analyses using spatially and temporally modified data sets indicate that the first three components (which explain 45% of the variance) are quite stable spatially, while only the first component is stable temporally. Time series analysis of principal component scores indicates that all but the fourth component are first-order autoregressive processes, as is mean annual nationwide streamflow. The fourth component is an autoregressive (AR)(2) process. In general, the principal components of streamflow are found to exhibit more persistence over annual time scales than the mean annual flow data themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00691","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1985, Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00691.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013131,"text":"70013131 - 1985 - Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T15:56:09.240262","indexId":"70013131","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Uranoan thorite crystals have been found occurring as a sparse constituent in lithophysae in 6.1 to 6.8 Ma alkali rhyolite flows at Thomas Mountain, Utah, USA. The crystals are associated with sandidine, quartz, topaz, hematite, magnetite, and calcite; they are leek to dark grass green, transparent, well-formed, euhedral prisms, showing development of forms {100}, {101}, and {111}. The mineral is both optically isotropic, with a refractive index of 1.86(1), and X-ray amorphous, indicating its metamict state. Electron microprobe analysis yields: SiO2 17.3, ThO2 56.8, UO2 25.4, total 99.5%, and a structural formula of (Th0.72U0.31)Σ1.03Si0.97O4.
This appears to be the first reported occurrence of thorite in volcanic rocks of rhyolitic composition, and may account for part or all of the Th reported in alkali rhyolites and so-called ‘topaz-rhyolites’ of the western USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.13","usgsCitation":"Foord, E.E., Cobban, R.R., and Brownfield, I.K., 1985, Uranoan thorite in lithophysal rhyolite - Topaz Mountain, Utah, U.S.A.: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 49, no. 354, p. 729-731, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.13.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Topaz Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.937653580782325\n ],\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.54333019166518\n ],\n [\n -112.5647773941293,\n 39.54333019166518\n ],\n [\n -112.5647773941293,\n 39.937653580782325\n ],\n [\n -113.42226219387923,\n 39.937653580782325\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe07e4b08c986b32938c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, Robert R.","contributorId":86830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013192,"text":"70013192 - 1985 - Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:21:35","indexId":"70013192","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype","docAbstract":"A study of the potential to produce a National Atlas sectional prototype from the 1:2,000,000-scale data base was concluded recently by the National Mapping Division, U. S. Geological Survey. This paper discusses the specific digital cartographic production procedures involved in the preparation of the prototype map, as well as the theoretical and practical cartographic framework for the study. Such items as data organization, data classification, digital techniques, data conversions, and modification of traditional design specifications for an automated environment are discussed. The bulk of the cartographic work for the production of the prototype was carried out in raster format on the Scitex Response-250 mapping system.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 45th Annual Meeting - ACSM: Theodolite to Satellite. Papers presented at the 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention (American Society of Photogrammetry).","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Dixon, D.M., 1985, Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype, in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 483-491.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"491","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd47226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, Donna M.","contributorId":86895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013191,"text":"70013191 - 1985 - QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","docAbstract":"Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results is prepared and circulated to appropriate District, Regional, and National offices. Field data, in addition to their immediate use, are normally placed in a national data base and are available to all hydrologists. As a result, the quality of field measurements can have a profound effect on their investigations. The quality assurance program described is designed to insure that the field data of the Water Resources Division are highly accurate.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements.","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803102240","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, D.E., and Thomas, J., 1985, QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS., in ASTM Special Technical Publication, Boulder, CO, USA, p. 110-115.","startPage":"110","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a906de4b0c8380cd7fd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, D. E.","contributorId":30264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.D.","contributorId":76884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013190,"text":"70013190 - 1985 - Quantification of transit losses, and its effects on surface-water resources, Arkansas River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T14:00:20.020537","indexId":"70013190","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantification of transit losses, and its effects on surface-water resources, Arkansas River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Colorado Water Law enables downstream water users to use natural river channels to convey water from upstream storage reservoirs to downstream canals, provided an equitable charge is made for transit loss. Charging a variable transit-loss rate for delivery of winter water stored in Pueblo Reservoir has resulted in better management of the basin's surface-water resources. Not only are more accurate volumes of stored water delivered to each irrigator, but use of the natural channel for conveyance of these waters now has minimal effect on users of direct-flow water rights. A better understanding of specific sources of transit loss also has allowed water users to manage the timing and rate of their reservoir releases to optimize beneficial use of their stored water.
","conferenceTitle":"Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1985, Quantification of transit losses, and its effects on surface-water resources, Arkansas River basin, Colorado, Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems, San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 123-128.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkasas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.8774894003821,\n 38.42679866307947\n ],\n [\n -104.8774894003821,\n 37.74889830724378\n ],\n [\n -101.95008589462824,\n 37.74889830724378\n ],\n [\n -101.95008589462824,\n 38.42679866307947\n ],\n [\n -104.8774894003821,\n 38.42679866307947\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9070e4b0c8380cd7fd39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}