Techniques are tested that incorporate information from water balance models in making 1-month-ahead streamflow forecasts in New Jersey. The results are compared to those based on simple autoregressive time series models. The relative performance of the models is dependent on the month of the year in question. The water balance models are most useful for forecasts of April and May flows. For the stations in northern New Jersey, the April and May forecasts were made in order of decreasing reliability using the water-balance-based approaches, using the historical monthly means, and using simple autoregressive models. The water balance models were useful to a lesser extent for forecasts during the fall months. For the rest of the year the improvements in forecasts over those obtained using the simpler autoregressive models were either very small or the simpler models provided better forecasts. When using the water balance models, monthly corrections for bias are found to improve minimum mean-square-error forecasts as well as to improve estimates of the forecast conditional distributions.
Sorption of chromium VI on the iron-oxide- and hydroxide-coated surface of alluvial material was numerically simulated with rate-controlled reactions. Reaction kinetics and diffusional processes, in the form of film, pore, and particle diffusion, were simulated and compared with experimental results. The use of empirically calculated rate coefficients for diffusion through the reacting surface was found to simulate experimental data; pore or particle diffusion is believed to be a possible rate-controlling mechanism. The use of rate equations to predict conservative transport and rate- and local-equilibrium-controlled reactions was shown to be feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01703","usgsCitation":"Grove, D., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1985, Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1703-1709, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01703.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1709","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad4e4b0c8380cd690ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, D.B.","contributorId":56689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012879,"text":"70012879 - 1985 - Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012879","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis","docAbstract":"An understanding of patterns of regional sedimentation is crucial to identifying trends of perspective petroleum reservoirs. The Upper Pennsylvanian, Missourian Kansas City Group consists of repetitions of widespread carbonate rock and shale. Each of four cyclothems chosen for subsurface study of western Kansas contains transgressive and regressive lithofacies with evidence of extensive subaerial exposure across the entire paleoshelf. Distribution of carbonate facies on the 350+ km-wide shelf was affected strongly by slight changes in structural configuration of the shelf and variations in sea level. Polynomial trend surface models prepared from selected wireline log information for four successive cyclothems assist in resolving regional and local patterns of sedimentation and help to access the effect of subtle structural deformation on sedimentation. Isopachs of marine portions of four cyclothems were fit by fourth-order trend surfaces, optimizing fit by comparing goodness-of-fit and minimizing skewness of residuals using the smallest order surface. Several cyclothems showed simple patterns of regional, basinward thickening with local, strike-elongated anomalies where goodness-of-fit was maximized with increasing order. One cyclothem did not converge to a good fit at small orders nor did distribution of residuals indicate convergence toward zero. Both anomalies reflected a more complex surface. Rather than thickening regionally, the pattern created by this anomalous cyclothem was more irregular. Mapped patterns resemble those of the present-day structural configuration of these horizons suggesting a general persistence in similar epeirogenic deformation. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01032931","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Watney, W., 1985, Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 427-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01032931.","startPage":"427","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205286,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032931"},{"id":222685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9d7e4b0c8380cd85fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012956,"text":"70012956 - 1985 - Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:50:29.946984","indexId":"70012956","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications","docAbstract":"Surface electrical geophysical methods have been used in such engineering applications as locating and delineating shallow gravel deposits, depth to bedrock, faults, clay zones, and other geological phenomena. Other engineering applications include determining water quality, tracing ground water contaminant plumes and locating dam seepages. Various methods and electrode arrays are employed to solve particular geological problems. The sensitivity of a particular method or electrode array depends upon the physics on which the method is based, the array geometry, the electrical contrast between the target and host materials, and the depth to the target. Each of the available electrical methods has its own particular advantages and applications which the paper discusses.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxii.4.421","issn":"00045691","usgsCitation":"Bisdorf, R.J., 1985, Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 22, no. 4, p. 421-433, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxii.4.421.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ce4b0c8380cd50932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisdorf, Robert J.","contributorId":107277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012957,"text":"70012957 - 1985 - Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:45:57.678143","indexId":"70012957","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems","docAbstract":"Observations of large salinity variations and vent temperatures in the range of 380–400°C suggest that boiling or two-phase separation may be occurring in some seafloor geothermal systems. Consideration of flow rates and the relatively small differences in density between vapors and liquids at the supercritical pressures at depth in these systems suggests that boiling is occurring under closed-system conditions. Salinity and temperature of boiling vents can be used to estimate the pressure-temperature point in the subsurface at which liquid seawater first reached the two-phase boundary. Data are reviewed to construct phase diagrams of coexisting brines and vapors in the two-phase region at pressures corresponding to those of the seafloor geothermal systems. A method is developed for calculating the enthalpy and entropy of the coexisting mixtures, and results are used to construct adiabats from the seafloor to theP-T two-phase boundary. Results for seafloor vents discharging at 2300 m below sea level indicate that a 385°C vent is composed of a brine (7% NaCl equivalent) in equilibrium with a vapor (0.1% NaCl). Brine constitutes 45% by weight of the mixture, and the fluid first boiled at approximately 1 km below the seafloor at 415°C, 330 bar. A 400°C vent is primarily vapor (88 wt.%, 0.044% NaCl) with a small amount of brine (26% NaCl) and first boiled at 2.9 km below the seafloor at 500°C, 520 bar. These results show that adiabatic decompression in the two-phase region results in dramatic cooling of the fluid mixture when there is a large fraction of vapor.
We have identified a large, anomalously limonitic area in Cenozoic gravels on Lordsburg Mesa near Lordsburg, New Mexico, using Landsat images. Our interpretation of the geophysical and geochemical data suggests the exploration hypothesis that the Lordsburg Mesa limonite anomaly is the surface expression of a chemical trap that may contain concentrations of uranium similar to calcrete-uranium deposits. Ground water originating in the Big Burro Mountains, where uranium vein deposits are known, drains through the Lordsburg Mesa area. This ground water is apparently forced near the surface by a buried bed-rock ridge along the west side of the limonite anomaly. The resulting changes in ground-water chemistry may be precipitating uranium along the eastern margin of the limonite anomaly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.3.575","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., Erdman, J.A., McCarthy, J., and Reimer, G., 1985, Remotely sensed limonite anomaly on Lordsburg Mesa, New Mexico: Possible implications for uranium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 3, p. 575-590, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.3.575.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa71ce4b0c8380cd8521b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, J. H.","contributorId":8451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012953,"text":"70012953 - 1985 - Description and origin of the lower part of the Mesaverde Group in Rifle Gap, Garfield County, Colorado.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012953","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description and origin of the lower part of the Mesaverde Group in Rifle Gap, Garfield County, Colorado.","docAbstract":"Rifle Gap cuts through the central part of the Grand Hogback and the gap exposes the entire Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group. The best outcrops are on the roadcuts through the coal-rich lower part of the group. These roadcuts border the Rifle Gap dam and reservoir on the southwest, where the coal-rich section can be examined with little climbing away from the road. This coal-rich section consists of 1700 ft (518 m) of uppermost Mancos Shale, overlain by the Iles Formation and the lower part of the Williams Fork Formation of the Mesaverde Group. These formations are composed of members and informal units formed in a late Campanian coastal setting of deltas and intervening strandplains which supported vast peat swamps. The age and the coastal subenvironments of deposition of these units are indicated by fossils and sedimentary structures which can be studied on the roadcuts. The highest, most prominent roadcut exposes a thick, white sandstone called the Trout Creek Sandstone Member, Iles Formation, the correlations of which have been reassessed recently. This sandstone previously was correlated to a sandstone exposed at New Castle: the Rollins Sandstone Member, Mesaverde Formation, of the southern Piceance Creek basin. However, later field mapping showed that the two sandstones cannot be traced to each other but are separated by 310-450 ft (93.9-136.4 m) of strata along the central Grand Hogback. The recorrelations of the Trout Creek and adjacent sandstone members have influenced reconstruction of the local, late Campanian paleogeography of the oscillating shoreline. The sketches of paleogeographic reconstruction show an oscillating shoreline that trended northeast-southwest. This shoreline migrated inland to the area of Wolf Creek on the northern border of the Piceance Creek basin, and seaward only as far as the area of New Castle, until deposition of the Haas sandstone unit of the lower Williams Fork Formation. During the deposition of the Haas, the shoreline continued migrating seaward past New Castle. The general trend and seaward extent of this shoreline are based on regional correlations of ammonite zones and on local paleocurrent indicators from deposits of longshore drift and storm scour exposed in the central Grand Hogback. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Madden, D., 1985, Description and origin of the lower part of the Mesaverde Group in Rifle Gap, Garfield County, Colorado.: Mountain Geologist, v. 22, no. 3, p. 128-138.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feebe4b0c8380cd4efae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madden, D.J.","contributorId":69571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012969,"text":"70012969 - 1985 - ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012969","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The quantity of heavy hydrocarbons - heavy crude oil and natural bitumens - known or surmised to be present in the earth is large. The total is estimated to fall in the range of 5,879,712-5,942,139 million barrels. The portion of this that may ultimately prove recoverable is small, perhaps on the order of 500,000 million barrels of heavy crude oil and 200,000 million barrels of bitumen.","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"UNITAR/UNDP Information Cent for Heavy Crude & Tar Sands","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Schenk, C.J., 1985, ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES., Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 175-191.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0467e4b0c8380cd50971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012901,"text":"70012901 - 1985 - Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T18:44:30","indexId":"70012901","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2208,"text":"Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite)","docAbstract":"Pyrolusite (MnO2), hausmanite (Mn3O4), and bixbyite (Mn2O3), are important ore minerals of manganese and accurate values for their thermodynamic properties are desirable to understand better the {p(O2), T} conditions of their formation. To provide accurate values for the entropies of these important manganese minerals, we have measured their heat capacities between approximately 5 and 380 K using a fully automatic adiabatically-shielded calorimeter. All three minerals are paramagnetic above 100 K and become antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic at lower temperatures. This transition is expressed by a sharp ??-type anomaly in Cpmo for each compound with Ne??el temperatures TN of (92.2??0.2), (43.1??0.2), and (79.45??0.05) K for MnO2, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3, respectively. In addition, at T ??? 308 K, Mn2O3 undergoes a crystallographic transition, from orthorhombic (at low temperatures) to cubic. A significant thermal effect is associated with this change. Hausmanite is ferrimagnetic below TN and in addition to the normal ??-shape of the heat-capacity maxima in MnO2 and Mn2O3, it has a second rounded maximum at 40.5 K. The origin of this subsidiary bump in the heat capacity is unknown but may be related to a similar \"anomalous bump\" in the curve of magnetization against temperature at about 39 K observed by Dwight and Menyuk.(1) At 298.15 K the standard molar entropies of MnO2, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3, are (52.75??0.07), (164.1??0.2), and (113.7??0.2) J??K-1??mol-1, respectively. Our value for Mn3O4 is greater than that adopted in the National Bureau of Standards tables(2) by 14 per cent. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2","issn":"00219614","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., and Hemingway, B.S., 1985, Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite): Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, v. 17, no. 2, p. 165-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2.","startPage":"165","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a62e4b0c8380cd68d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012970,"text":"70012970 - 1985 - A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T15:56:59","indexId":"70012970","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","docAbstract":"This uniform technique consisted of fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type III distribution using the method of moments. The objective was to adopt a consistent approach for the estimation of floodflow frequencies that could be used in computing average annual flood losses for project evaluation. In addition, a consistent approach was needed for defining equitable flood-hazard zones as part of the National Flood Insurance Program. -from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W., 1985, A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 111, no. 3, p. 321-337, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321).","startPage":"321","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)"},{"id":222115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60be4b0c8380cd47118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, W.O. Jr.","contributorId":32133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012900,"text":"70012900 - 1985 - Three-dimensional trend mapping from wire-line logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012900","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional trend mapping from wire-line logs","docAbstract":"Mapping of lithofacies and porosities of stratigraphic units is complicated because these properties vary in three dimensions. The method of moments was proposed by Krumbein and Libby (1957) as a technique to aid in resolving this problem. Moments are easily computed from wireline logs and are simple statistics which summarize vertical variation in a log trace. Combinations of moment maps have proved useful in understanding vertical and lateral changes in lithology of sedimentary rock units. Although moments have meaning both as statistical descriptors and as mechanical properties, they also define polynomial curves which approximate lithologic changes as a function of depth. These polynomials can be fitted by least-squares methods, partitioning major trends in rock properties from finescale fluctuations. Analysis of variance yields the degree of fit of any polynomial and measures the proportion of vertical variability expressed by any moment or combination of moments. In addition, polynomial curves can be differentiated to determine depths at which pronounced expressions of facies occur and to determine the locations of boundaries between major lithologic subdivisions. Moments can be estimated at any location in an area by interpolating from log moments at control wells. A matrix algebra operation then converts moment estimates to coefficients of a polynomial function which describes a continuous curve of lithologic variation with depth. If this procedure is applied to a grid of geographic locations, the result is a model of variability in three dimensions. Resolution of the model is determined largely by number of moments used in its generation. The method is illustrated with an analysis of lithofacies in the Simpson Group of south-central Kansas; the three-dimensional model is shown as cross sections and slice maps. In this study, the gamma-ray log is used as a measure of shaliness of the unit. However, the method is general and can be applied, for example, to suites of neutron, density, or sonic logs to produce three-dimensional models of porosity in reservoir rocks. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01032935","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Doveton, J., and Ke-an, Z., 1985, Three-dimensional trend mapping from wire-line logs: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 17, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01032935.","startPage":"485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032935"},{"id":222107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34be4b08c986b325cd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ke-an, Z.","contributorId":35466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ke-an","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012880,"text":"70012880 - 1985 - Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012880","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.","docAbstract":"Electronic computers are involved in almost every aspect of the map making process. This involvement has become so thorough that it is practically impossible to find a recently developed process or device in the mapping field which does not employ digital processing in some form or another. This trend, which has been evolving over two decades, is accelerated by the significant improvements in capility, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of electronic devices. Computerized mapping processes and devices share a common need for machine readable data. Integrating groups of these components into automated mapping systems requires careful planning for data flow amongst them. Exploring the utility of commercial data base management software to assist in this task is the subject of this paper. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elassal, A., 1985, Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 8, p. 1133-1136.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1136","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c93e4b0c8380cd69d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elassal, A.A.","contributorId":67653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elassal","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012952,"text":"70012952 - 1985 - Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012952","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2944,"text":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) collects hydrologic data from 1332 stream, lake, and ground-water sites in Oklahoma. Information on the quantity of water from a network of 123 streamflow stations, 30 lakes, 42 peak-flow stations, three low-flow stations, and on the quality of water from 40 stream locations is published each year in the USGS publication Water Resources Data for Oklahoma. Information on water levels from 1134 ground-water wells is currently published in cooperation with the State of Oklahoma in the USGS publication Ground-Water Levels in Observation Wells in Oklahoma. The data also are made available to the public as printouts from several computerized databases maintained by the USGS. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00301736","usgsCitation":"Hauth, L., 1985, Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 45, no. 4, p. 149-161.","startPage":"149","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a720ee4b0c8380cd768d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauth, L.D.","contributorId":48551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauth","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013044,"text":"70013044 - 1985 - Apatitic connecting rings in moulds of Baculites sp. from the middle part of the Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Chalk (Santonian), of western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T17:01:05.694782","indexId":"70013044","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Apatitic connecting rings in moulds of Baculites sp. from the middle part of the Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Chalk (Santonian), of western Kansas","title":"Apatitic connecting rings in moulds of Baculites sp. from the middle part of the Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Chalk (Santonian), of western Kansas","docAbstract":"Moulds of Baculites sp. are common in the Smoky Hill Member but only five known specimens contain connecting rings that have been preserved because of mineralisation by carbonate apatite. Analysis of four of these specimens suggests that the connecting rings were originally composed of organic material and were mineralised during early diagenesis. Thin sections and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the connecting rings had a two-layered structure consisting of a thick siphuncular wall and a thin pellicle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0195-6671(85)90039-4","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, W., and Hattin, D., 1985, Apatitic connecting rings in moulds of Baculites sp. from the middle part of the Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Chalk (Santonian), of western Kansas: Cretaceous Research, v. 6, no. 4, p. 317-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6671(85)90039-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Gove County, Logan County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.7201,39.1338],[-100.7005,39.1333],[-100.6086,39.1335],[-100.589,39.1329],[-100.497,39.1331],[-100.4775,39.1329],[-100.3867,39.1325],[-100.3689,39.1328],[-100.2757,39.1319],[-100.2585,39.1321],[-100.1642,39.1321],[-100.1488,39.1318],[-100.1543,38.6966],[-100.2481,38.6976],[-100.4687,38.6988],[-100.5772,38.6997],[-100.5973,38.7003],[-100.6882,38.7037],[-100.8168,38.7032],[-101.1293,38.7001],[-101.485,38.7002],[-101.4779,39.1339],[-101.3913,39.1345],[-101.3669,39.1342],[-101.2791,39.1344],[-101.2548,39.1345],[-101.1664,39.1346],[-101.1438,39.1342],[-101.0554,39.1346],[-101.0334,39.1346],[-100.9444,39.1342],[-100.8323,39.1336],[-100.8121,39.133],[-100.7201,39.1338]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gove\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec71e4b0c8380cd4928d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, W.A.","contributorId":80817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattin, D.E.","contributorId":78870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattin","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001412,"text":"1001412 - 1985 - Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:33:22","indexId":"1001412","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota","docAbstract":"Recruitment of a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population was assessed on a 10,041-km2 study area in central North Dakota during 1977-80. We equipped 338 hens with radio transmitters and monitored them during the breeding season. Two hundred thirty-five of these hens furnished data reported here. Habitat use, nest site selection, fate of nests, and the rate of renesting were measured. Survival of hens during April-September and survival of young were determined. There was a high negative correlation between nest initiation date and mean April or May temperature. Hens selected nest sites most frequently in grassland and least frequently in cropland, but habitat use compared to availability indicated preference for road right-of-way and odd areas of cover and rejection of cropland. Use of other habitats was in proportion to their availability. Nest success was only 8% during the study. Hen success, a function of nest success and renesting rate, averaged 15% and varied among years because of increased renesting in wet years. In all years, 2-year-old and older hens were twice as successful as first-year nesters. Nesting effort was correlated with water conditions as derived from aerial photographs. April-September survival of hens averaged 80% because predation was heavy when hens were on nests. Only 74% of the hens that hatched a clutch were observed later with at least 1 surviving duckling. On average, hens in the spring population recruited only 0.27 young females to the fall population. Based on this recruitment estimate, published survival estimates and a model previously developed for a closed population, we predict a 20% annual population decline. Nest success of 15% and a resulting hen success of 31% would be required for a stable population. The results suggest that the population on the study area is not maintaining itself but is being supplemented by pioneering birds. A serious recruitment problem has resulted from nest predation. Additional research is needed to determine the geographic extent of the problem. If the problem is widespread, management techniques must be devised to overcome nest destruction, mortality of hens, and mortality of ducklings.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Gilmer, D., and Shaiffer, C., 1985, Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota: Wildlife Monographs, v. 92, p. 3-37.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -99.06372070312499,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -99.06372070312499,\n 47.37603463349758\n ],\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 47.37603463349758\n ],\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 46.32417161725691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaiffer, Charles W.","contributorId":74325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaiffer","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012894,"text":"70012894 - 1985 - Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:46:51","indexId":"70012894","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","docAbstract":"Two techniques for the conversion of water to hydrogen for stable isotope ratio determination have been developed that are especially suited for automated multisample analysis. Both procedures involve reaction of zinc shot with a water sample at 450 ??C. in one method designed for water samples in bottles, the water is put in capillaries and is reduced by zinc in reaction vessels; overall savings in sample preparation labor of 75% have been realized over the standard uranium reduction technique. The second technique is for waters evolved under vacuum and is a sealed-tube method employing 9 mm o.d. quartz tubing. Problems inherent with zinc reduction include surface inhomogeneity of the zinc and exchange of hydrogen both with the zinc and with the glass walls of the vessels. For best results, water/zinc and water/glass surface area ratios of vessels should be kept as large as possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00284a058","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Coplen, T., 1985, Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination: Analytical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1437-1440, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1440","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269213,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058"},{"id":221975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6095e4b0c8380cd71564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012999,"text":"70012999 - 1985 - Foreshocks and time-dependent earthquake hazard assessment in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T15:55:29.810192","indexId":"70012999","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshocks and time-dependent earthquake hazard assessment in southern California","docAbstract":"The probability that an earthquake in southern California (M ≧ 3.0) will be followed by an earthquake of larger magnitude within 5 days and 10 km (i.e., will be a foreshock) is 6 ± 0.5 per cent (1 S.D.), and is not significantly dependent on the magnitude of the possible foreshock between M = 3 and M = 5. The probability that an earthquake will be followed by an M ≧ 5.0 main shock, however, increases with magnitude of the foreshock from less than 1 per cent at M ≧ 3 to 6.5 ± 2.5 per cent (1 S.D.) at M ≧ 5. The main shock will most likely occur in the first hour after the foreshock, and the probability that a main shock will occur decreases with elapsed time from the occurrence of the possible foreshock by approximately the inverse of time. Thus, the occurrence of an earthquake of M ≧ 3.0 in southern California increases the earthquake hazard within a small space-time window several orders of magnitude above the normal background level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750061669","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., 1985, Foreshocks and time-dependent earthquake hazard assessment in southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1667-1679, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750061669.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1679","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/6/1669/118772/Foreshocks-and-time-dependent-earthquake-hazard"},{"id":220455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6928863885089,\n 34.43617638409657\n ],\n [\n -118.6928863885089,\n 32.23352138849141\n ],\n [\n -113.72706607600888,\n 32.23352138849141\n ],\n [\n -113.72706607600888,\n 34.43617638409657\n ],\n [\n -118.6928863885089,\n 34.43617638409657\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7de4b0c8380cd534a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012998,"text":"70012998 - 1985 - Estimating neighborhood variability with a binary comparison matrix.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:41:13","indexId":"70012998","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating neighborhood variability with a binary comparison matrix.","docAbstract":"A technique which utilizes a binary comparison matrix has been developed to implement a neighborhood function for a raster format data base. The technique assigns an index value to the center pixel of 3- by 3-pixel neighborhoods. The binary comparison matrix provides additional information not found in two other neighborhood variability statistics; the function is sensitive to both the number of classes within the neighborhood and the frequency of pixel occurrence in each of the classes. Application of the function to a spatial data base from the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, demonstrates 1) the numerical distribution of the index values, and 2) the spatial patterns exhibited by the numerical values. -Author","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Murphy, D., 1985, Estimating neighborhood variability with a binary comparison matrix.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 6, p. 667-674.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b30e4b0c8380cd525f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, D.L.","contributorId":53085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}