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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife","conferenceDate":"Mar 24-27, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Energy","usgsCitation":"Brody, M.S., Conner, W.H., Pearlstine, L., and Kitchens, W.M., 1989, Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin, in Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium, Charleston, SC, Mar 24-27, 1986, p. 991-1004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1004","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 30.350361185215682\n ],\n [\n -91.50238037109375,\n 30.2934606306162\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -90.98190307617188,\n 29.389354660473675\n ],\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brody, Michael S.","contributorId":40651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brody","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearlstine, L.","contributorId":117285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209310,"text":"70209310 - 1989 - Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T10:07:58","indexId":"70209310","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:00:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"Parts of the central and southern Appalachian orogen appear to have evolved away from Proterozoic North America (Laurentia) and to have been accreted to it during the Paleozoic orogenies that collectively formed the orogen. Identifying each tectonostratigraphic terrane is a necessary step in understanding the evolution of the orogen. The terranes in the central and southern Appalachians are delineated, interpreted, and classified with varying degrees of confidence as: (1) Laurentian native terranes, (2) internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen, (3) disrupted terranes, (4) possible oceanic crustal remnants, (5) volcanic-arc terranes, (6) a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity, and (7) metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity. The Laurentian native terranes consist of external massifs of Laurentian basement (Grenvillian and older), their rift- and shelf-facies cover rocks, and slope-rise prism deposits. External massifs are present in the Blue Ridge tectonic province, Reading Prong, and Honey Brook Upland. Rocks of the Talladega block are stratigraphically tied to Laurentia and, with the possible exception of the Hillabee greenstone, are also considered native. Offshore, deep-water, post-rift deposits of the Hamburg and Westminster terranes have no direct stratigraphic ties to Laurentia and are considered discrete native (not suspect) terranes. The internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen are isolated massifs of Middle Proterozoic (Grenvillian) continental basement and their cover sequences that occur within the metamorphic core of the orogen. These terranes, the Baltimore, Sauratown, and Pine Mountain terranes, could be either structurally isolated outliers of Laurentia or microcontinental fragments of Laurentian crust displaced by rifting or transcurrent faulting and later reassembled. Disrupted terranes in the central and southern Appalachians contain mélange complexes as well as more coherent terrane fragments (volcanic, ophiolitic, or continental) intermingled with the mélange complexes. Those identified include the Jefferson, Potomac, Smith River, Inner Piedmont, Falls Lake, Juliette, and Sussex terranes. The Bel Air-Rising Sun terrane (Baltimore Complex) in Maryland and Pennsylvania is the only terrane named separately as a possible oceanic crustal remnant. Similar mafic and ultramafic complexes are present in all of the disrupted terranes, but are too small to consider as separate terranes. Volcanic-arc terranes include the Chopawamsic, Carolina, Spring Hope, Roanoke Rapids, and Charleston terranes. The only terrane recognized as a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity is the Suwannee terrane, which contains rocks believed to correlate with those now exposed in west Africa. Metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity are terranes that could not be clearly classified on the basis of available data. These include the Milton, Gaffney, Uchee, Crabtree, Goochland, Wilmington, and Hatteras terranes. The Penobscottian, Taconian, Acadian, and Alleghanian Paleozoic compressional events collectively assembled the various terranes into what is now the Appalachian orogen. Only the central and southern parts of the U.S. Appalachians are considered here. The Penobscottian orogeny, about 550 to 490 Ma, amalgamated the Potomac, the Chopawamsic, probably the Bel Air-Rising Sun, and possibly other exotic terranes at some unknown distance from Laurentia. This was followed by the Taconian orogeny, about 470 to 440 Ma, which accreted the previously amalgamated terranes and probably other terranes such as the Carolina terrane to Laurentia. The younger age limit for the Taconian event is partly constrained by Middle and Late Ordovician faunal assemblages in successor basin deposits of the Arvonia Slate and Quantico Formation. The significance of the Acadian orogeny, dated about 400 to 380 Ma in New England, is unclear in the central and southern Appalachians. In the Talladega block of Alabama and Georgia, an Early to Middle Devonian dynamothermal event is firmly bracketed between Early Devonian fossils and K-Ar ages that indicate a thermal peak no later than Middle Devonian time. A regional tectonothermal event and faulting of approximately this age are also suggested by isotopic studies in terranes to the east. The late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) continental collision between Laurentia and Gondwanaland, which formed the supercontinent Pangea, marks the final stage of accretionary history in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen. Effects evident in the central and southern Appalachian region include: (1) the accretion of the Suwannee terrane and perhaps the Charleston terrane to what is now North America, (2) slicing and shifting of terranes along dextral strike-slip faults, particularly in the eastern Piedmont, (3) westward transport of native and previously accreted terranes in the western Piedmont and Blue Ridge as part of a composite crystalline thrust sheet, (4) deposition of clastic wedges in the Appalachian foreland, and (5) imbricate thrusting and folding of the resultant strata in the Valley and Ridge Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE230-p213","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Drake, A., and Rankin, D., 1989, Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 230, p. 213-245, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE230-p213.","productDescription":"33 p. ","startPage":"213","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","otherGeospatial":"Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, A.A.","contributorId":33786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rankin, D.W.","contributorId":32579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194889,"text":"70194889 - 1989 - Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:15:29","indexId":"70194889","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"Data from three large-offset seismic profiles provide information on the crustal structure beneath the Carolina trough. The profiles, obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Naval Oceanographic Research Development Agency, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1985, were oriented parallel to the trough and were located (1) seaward of the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA), which is generally thought to represent the boundary between oceanic and continental crust; (2) along the axis of the trough between the ECMA and the hinge zone, which is thought to reflect the landward limit of highly stretched and altered transitional crust; and (3) along the Carolina platform landward of the basement hinge zone on crust thought to have been thinned only slightly during rifting. These data constrain the velocity structure of the lower crust and provide evidence for a thick lens of high-velocity (>7.1 km/s) lower crustal material that extends beneath the Carolina trough and the adjacent ocean basin. This lens reaches a maximum thickness of about 13 km beneath the deepest part of the trough, thins to about 5 km seaward of the ECMA, and is either very thin or absent landward of the hinge zone. It is interpreted to represent material that was underplated beneath and/or intruded into the crust during the late stage of continental rifting and that led to an anomalously thick plutonic layer during the early seafloor spreading phase. These data thus support the recent conclusions of White et al. (1987b) and Mutter et al. (1988) that the initiation of seafloor spreading is attended in many, if not most, cases by the generation of an anomalously large volume of melt.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB08p10585","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., Ballard, A., Dorman, L., Gettrust, J., Klitgord, K.D., and Schreiner, A., 1989, Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. 8, p. 10585-10600, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB08p10585.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10585","endPage":"10600","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9fe4b06e28e9cabb42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, A.","contributorId":201494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorman, L.M.","contributorId":201495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettrust, J.F.","contributorId":80080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreiner, A.","contributorId":201496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197543,"text":"70197543 - 1989 - The extent of landsliding in northern New Mexico and similar semi-arid and arid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T14:28:26","indexId":"70197543","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The extent of landsliding in northern New Mexico and similar semi-arid and arid regions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides in a semi-arid environment","language":"English","publisher":"Inland Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Riverside, CA","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., Guzzetti, F., Mark, R., and Simpson, R.W., 1989, The extent of landsliding in northern New Mexico and similar semi-arid and arid regions, chap. of Landslides in a semi-arid environment, p. 163-173.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a8225ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzzetti, Fausto","contributorId":72006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzzetti","given":"Fausto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, R. W. Jr.","contributorId":10039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197318,"text":"70197318 - 1989 - Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate in the vicinity of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T14:05:32","indexId":"70197318","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate in the vicinity of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dalton Highway, Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey Guidebook","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Nilsen, T.H., and Brosge, W., 1989, Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate in the vicinity of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Brooks Range, Alaska, chap. of Dalton Highway, Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey Guidebook, v. 7, p. 219-252.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15ad43e4b092d9651e2316","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mull, C. G.","contributorId":40220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, K.E.","contributorId":9410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736637,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70197551,"text":"70197551 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","indexId":"70197551","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","indexId":"70197547","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T15:36:33.002864","indexId":"70197547","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"28th International Geological Congress: Symposium on Land Slides","conferenceDate":"July 17, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"Rotterdam and Brookfield","publisherLocation":"Vermont","usgsCitation":"1989, Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides, 349 p.","productDescription":"349 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a8225fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrod, B. L.","contributorId":205512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrod","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737615,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197551,"text":"70197551 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70197551,"text":"70197551 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","indexId":"70197551","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","indexId":"70197547","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","indexId":"70197547","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T15:36:03.644389","indexId":"70197551","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"July 17, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","publisherLocation":"Vermont","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1989, Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States, p. 25-50.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrod, B. L.","contributorId":205512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrod","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197546,"text":"70197546 - 1989 - Landslide classification for identification of mud flows and other landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T14:47:41","indexId":"70197546","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landslide classification for identification of mud flows and other landslides","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides in a semi-arid environment with emphasis on the inland valleys of Southern California","language":"English","publisher":"Inland Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Riverside, CA","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R.H., Fleming, R.W., Prior, D., Nichols, D.J., Varnes, D.J., Hampton, M.A., Sangrey, D., and Brabb, E.E., 1989, Landslide classification for identification of mud flows and other landslides, chap. of Landslides in a semi-arid environment with emphasis on the inland valleys of Southern California, p. 1-27.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a8225fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sadler, Peter","contributorId":139946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadler","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13325,"text":"University of California Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, R. W.","contributorId":89110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prior, D.J.","contributorId":65692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sangrey, D.A.","contributorId":47364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangrey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70197706,"text":"70197706 - 1989 - Tectonic evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California: Field Trip Guidebook T108","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T13:46:19","indexId":"70197706","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Tectonic evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California: Field Trip Guidebook T108","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"1989, Tectonic evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California: Field Trip Guidebook T108, 75 p.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225f1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738234,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwood, D. S.","contributorId":48937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738235,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197841,"text":"70197841 - 1989 - Terranes of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, in Tectonic evolution of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:46:02","indexId":"70197841","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Terranes of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, in Tectonic evolution of northern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"Tectonic evolution of northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California, June 28-July 7, 1989","conferenceTitle":" 28th International Geological Congress","conferenceDate":"June 28-July 7, 1989","conferenceLocation":"California","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 1989, Terranes of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, in Tectonic evolution of northern California, chap. of Tectonic evolution of northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California, June 28-July 7, 1989, p. 19-32.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c42e4b034bf6a8225e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197557,"text":"70197557 - 1989 - Workshop on regional landslide mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T16:01:28","indexId":"70197557","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Workshop on regional landslide mapping","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental, engineering, and urban geology in the United States","conferenceTitle":"28th International Geological Congress","conferenceDate":"July 20-29, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1989, Workshop on regional landslide mapping, in Environmental, engineering, and urban geology in the United States, v. 2, Washington, DC, July 20-29, 1989, p. 62-64.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197707,"text":"70197707 - 1989 - Terranes of the northern coast ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T13:49:57","indexId":"70197707","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Terranes of the northern coast ranges","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonic evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California: Field Trip Guidebook T108","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"American Geophysical Union, 1989, Terranes of the northern coast ranges, chap. of Tectonic evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California: Field Trip Guidebook T108, p. 3-18.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225ef"} ,{"id":70197320,"text":"70197320 - 1989 - Geology of the Brooks Range and North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T14:28:34","indexId":"70197320","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"T104","title":"Geology of the Brooks Range and North Slope","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska geological and geophysical transect, Valdez to Coldfoot Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., and Mull, G., 1989, Geology of the Brooks Range and North Slope, chap. of Alaska geological and geophysical transect, Valdez to Coldfoot Alaska, p. 107-131.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15ad43e4b092d9651e2314","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schmidt, R.A.M.","contributorId":85321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736643,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mull, Gill","contributorId":205243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mull","given":"Gill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197541,"text":"70197541 - 1989 - Landslide inventory map of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T14:03:19","indexId":"70197541","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"New York State Geological Survey Circular 52","title":"Landslide inventory map of New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fickies, R., and Brabb, E.E., 1989, Landslide inventory map of New York, Map: 104 x 135 cm.","productDescription":"Map: 104 x 135 cm","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a822602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fickies, R.H.","contributorId":205510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fickies","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193873,"text":"70193873 - 1989 - Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T10:11:25","indexId":"70193873","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","docAbstract":"Acidic episodes in waters of the western USA, do not last as long and are not as intense as those in the eastern USA, but we found that the native western cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is sensitive to even brief reductions in pH. In laboratory studies, fish were exposed to acidity (pH 4.5–6.5) alone or in the presence of aluminum during the first 7 d of the freshly fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, or swim-up larva stages of development. Following exposure to acidity and aluminum, eggs and fish were held under control water quality conditions to 40 d posthatch to assess effects of the exposure on subsequent development. Reductions in pH from 6.5 to 6.0 in low-calcium water (1.4 mg/L) did not affect survival, but reduced growth offish in the early life stages. The presence of as little as 50 μg A1/L at low pH further decreased growth and reduced survival. The most sensitive indicators of stress were loss of ions (determined from whole-body sampling) and reduced swimming in alevins, reduction in the ratio of RNA:DNA, feeding inhibition, and pathology of gill tissue in swim-up larvae. A pH of 6.0 and 50 μg Al/L reduced whole-body sodium by 72% and potassium by 50% in alevins. Reductions in the RNA: DNA ratio, correlated with lower growth rates, were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 5.5 and 50 μg Al/L. Exposure to 50 μg Al/L at pH 6.0 reduced swimming activity of alevins by 68% and feeding rates of swim-up larvae by 67%. In the presence of 50 μg A1/L, pathological changes in gill tissue were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 6.0 or less. Although acidification is not widespread in the western USA, cutthroat trout have a narrow margin of safety between conditions that currently exist and those at which pH and aluminum reduce survival and growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., Farag, A.M., Mueller, M., Little, E.E., and Vertucci, F., 1989, Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 630-643, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"643","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082349e4b09af898c8d0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, M.E.","contributorId":84715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vertucci, F. A.","contributorId":27381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vertucci","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194849,"text":"70194849 - 1989 - Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:21:12","indexId":"70194849","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":812,"text":"Antarctic Journal of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","docAbstract":"Approximately 91.0 percent of the volume of present-day glacier ice on Earth is in Antarctica; Greenland contains about another 8.3 percent of the volume. Thus, together, these two great ice sheets account for an estimated 99.3 percent of the total. Long-term changes in the volume of glacier ice on our planet are the result of global climate change. Because of the relationship of global ice volume to sea level (± 330 cubic kilometers of glacier ice equals ± 1 millimeter sea level), changes in the mass balance of the antarctic ice sheet are of particular importance.
Whether the mass balance of the east and west antarctic ice sheets is positive or negative is not known. Estimates of mass input by total annual precipitation for the continent have been made from scattered meteorological observations (Swithinbank 1985). The magnitude of annual ablation of the ice sheet from calving of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is also not well known. Although the velocities of outlet glaciers can be determined from field measurements during the austral summer,the technique is costly, does not cover a complete annual cycle,and has been applied to just a few glaciers. To increase the number of outlet glaciers in Antarctica for which velocities have been determined and to provide additional data for under-standing the dynamics of the antarctic ice sheets and their response to global climate change, sequential Landsat image of several outlet glaciers were measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, T.R., Ferrigno, J.G., Williams, R., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1989, Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 24, no. 5, p. 105-106.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coldregions.org/vufind/ajus/ajus"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857f5e4b06e28e9c65f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Thomas R.","contributorId":201469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194856,"text":"70194856 - 1989 - Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T08:21:08","indexId":"70194856","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5601,"text":"Studies in Maine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","docAbstract":"Glaciomarine mud in the Gulf of Maine, characterized by rhythmic seismic layers that mimic the morphology of the underlying surface, is composed of subequal amounts of silt and clay, variable amounts of sand, and sparse gravel-sized clasts. The mud is Wisconsinan in age and was deposited during the retreat of the last ice sheet. A beginning date of 38 ka, proposed by King and Fader (1986) in their chronology of the last deglaciation, is considered too old. An alternative chronology, more consistent with the continental record to the west, is proposed here. ln this interpretation, deposition ofglaciomarine mud began about 18 ka when the late Wisconsinan ice retreated from Georges Bank, Great South Channel, and Northeast Channel and ended around 11 ka, when meltwater ceased to enter the Gulf of Maine. Basal-till melt-out from an ice shelf and bergs as the source of the glaciomarine mud, also proposed by King and Fader (1986), is thought to be inconsistent with the volume, widespread rhythmic bedding, and low stone content of the deposit. More likely the source of the glaciomarine mud was rock-flour-laden meltwater that entered the sea along the grounding line of a calving glacier or by way of subaerial meltwater streams. The rock flour was then dispersed by sediment plumes and was deposited when the sediment fell to the sea floor, aided by flocculation and biological agglutination. Rhythmic layers within the glaciomarine mud could represent annual cyclic sedimentation (varves) or cyclic events of lesser duration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1989, Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models , v. 5, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a69a971e4b06e28e9c81b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, Robert N.","contributorId":38953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197840,"text":"70197840 - 1989 - Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:40:19","indexId":"70197840","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"Large northeast striking normal faults in the southern Klamath Mountains may indicate that substantial crustal extension occurred during Tertiary time. Some of these faults form grabens in the Jurassic and older bedrock of the province. The grabens contain continental Oligocene or Miocene deposits (Weaverville Formation), and in two of them the Oligocene or Miocene is underlain by Lower Cretaceous marine formations (Great Valley sequence). At the La Grange gold placer mine the Oligocene or Miocene strata dip northwest into the gently southeast dipping mylonitic footwall surface of the La Grange fault. The large normal displacement required by the relations at the La Grange mine is also suggested by omission of several kilometers of structural thickness of bedrock units across the northeast continuation of the La Grange fault, as well as by significant changes in bedrock across some northeast striking faults elsewhere in the Central Metamorphic and Eastern Klamath belts. The Trinity ultramafic sheet crops out in the Eastern Klamath terrane as part of a broad northeast trending arch that may be structurally analogous to the domed lower plate of metamorphic core complexes found in eastern parts of the Cordillera. The northeast continuation of the La Grange fault bounds the southeastern side of the Trinity arch in the Eastern Klamath terrane and locally cuts out substantial lower parts of adjacent Paleozoic strata of the Redding section. Faults bounding the northwestem side of the Trinity arch generally trend northeast and juxtapose stacked thrust sheets of lower Paleozoic strata of the Yreka terrane against the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Geometric relations suggest that the Tertiary extension of the southern Klamath Mountains was in NW-SE directions and that the Redding section and the southern part of the Central Metamorphic terrane may be a large Tertiary allochthon detached from the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Paleomagnetic data indicate a lack of rotation about a vertical axis during the extension. We propose that the Trinity ultramafic sheet is structurally analogous to a metamorphic core complex; if so, it is the first core complex to be described that involves ultramafic rocks. We infer that Mesozoic terrane accretion produced a large gravitational instability in the crust that spread laterally during Tertiary extension
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC008i001p00135","usgsCitation":"Schweickert, R., and Irwin, W., 1989, Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California: Tectonics, v. 8, no. 1, p. 135-149, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC008i001p00135.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c42e4b034bf6a8225ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweickert, R.A.","contributorId":69577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015273,"text":"70015273 - 1989 - Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:02:49.976245","indexId":"70015273","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits","docAbstract":"Identifying the palaeogeographic setting and mode of origin of stratabound ore deposits can be difficult in high-grade metamorphic terranes, where the effects of metamorphism may obscure the nature of the protoliths. Here we report boron isotope data for tourmalines from the early Proterozoic Broken Hill block, in Australia, which hosts giant lead-zinc-silver sulphide deposits. With one exception the 11B/10B ratios are lower than those for all other tourmalines from massive sulphide deposits and tour-malinites elsewhere in the world. We propose that these low ratios reflect leaching of boron from non-marine evaporitic borates by convecting hydrothermal fluids associated with early Proterozoic continental rifting. A possible modern analogue is the Salton Sea geothermal field in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/342913a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Palmer, M.R., and Stevens, B., 1989, Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits: Nature, v. 342, no. 6252, p. 913-916, https://doi.org/10.1038/342913a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"916","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","issue":"6252","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f220e4b0c8380cd4b00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, M. R.","contributorId":81256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, B.P.J.","contributorId":61173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"B.P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201396,"text":"70201396 - 1989 - Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T12:33:26","indexId":"70201396","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-15T12:33:03","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results","docAbstract":"Voyager 2 images of Neptune reveal a windy planet characterized by bright clouds of methane ice suspended in an exceptionally clear atmosphere above a lower deck of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia ices. Neptune's atmosphere is dominated by a large anticyclonic storm system that has been named the Great Dark Spot (GDS). About the same size as Earth in extent, the GDS bears both many similarities and some differences to the Great Red Spot of Jupiter. Neptune's zonal wind profile is remarkably similar to that of Uranus. Neptune has three major rings at radii of 42,000, 53,000, and 63,000 kilometers. The outer ring contains three higher density arc-like segments that were apparently responsible for most of the ground-based occultation events observed during the current decade. Like the rings of Uranus, the Neptune rings are composed of very dark material; unlike that of Uranus, the Neptune system is very dusty. Six new regular satellites were found, with dark surfaces and radii ranging from 200 to 25 kilometers. All lie inside the orbit of Triton and the inner four are located within the ring system. Triton is seen to be a differentiated body, with a radius of 1350 kilometers and a density of 2.1 grams per cubic centimeter; it exhibits clear evidence of early episodes of surface melting. A now rigid crust of what is probably water ice is overlain with a brilliant coating of nitrogen frost, slightly darkened and reddened with organic polymer material. Streaks of organic polymer suggest seasonal winds strong enough to move particles of micrometer size or larger, once they become airborne. At least two active plumes were seen, carrying dark material 8 kilometers above the surface before being transported downstream by high level winds. The plumes may be driven by solar heating and the subsequent violent vaporization of subsurface nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.246.4936.1422","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Soderblom, L.A., Banfield, D., Barnet, C., Basilevsky, A., Beebe, R., Bollinger, K., Boyce, J.M., Brahic, A., Briggs, G., Brown, R.H., Chyba, C., Collins, S., Colvin, T., Cook, A., Crisp, D., Croft, S., Cruikshank, D., Cuzzi, J., Danielson, G., Davies, M.E., DeJong, E., Dones, L., Godfrey, D., Goguen, J., Grenier, I., Haemmerle, V., Hammel, H., Hansen, C., Helfenstein, C., Howell, C., Hunt, G., Ingersoll, A., Johnson, T.V., Kargel, J., Kirk, R.L., Kuehn, D., Limaye, S., Masursky, H., McEwen, A., Morrison, D., Owen, T., Owen, W., Pollack, J.B., Porco, C., Rages, K., Rogers, P., Rudy, D., Sagan, C., Schwartz, J., Shoemaker, E., Showalter, M., Sicardy, B., Simonelli, D., Spencer, J., Sromovsky, L., Stoker, C., Strom, R., Suomi, V., Synott, S., Terrile, R., Thomas, P., Thompson, W., Verbiscer, A., and Veverka, J., 1989, Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results: Science, v. 246, no. 4936, p. 1422-1449, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4936.1422.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1449","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Neptune","volume":"246","issue":"4936","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c5ce4b034bf6a856a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banfield, D.","contributorId":35481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banfield","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnet, C.","contributorId":211391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnet","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Basilevsky, A.T.","contributorId":34208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilevsky","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beebe, R.F.","contributorId":99294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beebe","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bollinger, K.","contributorId":211392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boyce, J. M.","contributorId":85952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brahic, A.","contributorId":53539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahic","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Briggs, G.A.","contributorId":34242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chyba, C.","contributorId":211407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chyba","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Colvin, T.","contributorId":11803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Cook, A.F. 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These surveys show that slumps and debris avalanche deposits are exposed over about 100,000 km2 of the ridge and adjacent seafloor from Kauai to Hawaii, covering an area more than 5 times the land area of the islands. Some of the individual debris avalanches are more than 200 km long and about 5000 km3 in volume, ranking them among the largest on Earth. The slope failures that produce these deposits begin early in the history of individual volcanoes when they are small submarine seamounts, culminate near the end of subaerial shield building, and apparently continue long after dormancy. Consequently, landslide debris is an important element in the internal structure of the volcanoes. The dynamic behavior of the volcanoes can be modulated by slope failure, and the structural features of the landslides are related to elements of the volcanoes including rift zones and fault systems. The landslides are of two general types, slumps and debris avalanches. The slumps are slow moving, wide (up to 110 km), and thick (about 10 km) with transverse blocky ridges and steep toes. The debris avalanches are fast moving, long (up to 230 km) compared to width, and thinner (0.05–2 km); they commonly have a well‐defined amphitheater at their head and hummocky terrain in the lower part. Oceanic disturbance caused by rapid emplacement of debris avalanches may have produced high‐level wave deposits (such as the 365‐m elevation Hulopoe Gravel on Lanai) that are found on several islands. Most present‐day submarine canyons were originally carved subaerially in the upper parts of debris avalanches. Subaerial canyon cutting was apparently promoted by the recently steepened and stripped slopes of the landslide amphitheaters.
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The duration of immobility in 15 species of terrestrial salamanders (Plethodon) varied among species. Most salamanders (78.8%) became immobile when initially contacted under field conditions, and remained immobile from 1-180 s. Immobility duration was inversely correlated with substrate temperature and covaried with air temperature, but snout-vent level (SVL) had no effect on duration. Only immobility times of Plethodon shenandoah were significantly different from any other species. Substrate temperature, air temperature, SVL, and species accounted for only a small percentage of the variance (r2=0.09). 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David","contributorId":358828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"C. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Temple, Stanley A.","contributorId":113953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temple","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Riper, Charles 0000-0003-1084-5843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":261674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":52953,"text":"USGS Emeritus, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Wallace R.","contributorId":90273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123144,"text":"70123144 - 1989 - Comparison of on-site and laboratory toxicity tests: derivation of site-specific criteria for un-ionized ammonia in a Colorado transitional stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T10:35:23","indexId":"70123144","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-01T10:32:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of on-site and laboratory toxicity tests: derivation of site-specific criteria for un-ionized ammonia in a Colorado transitional stream","docAbstract":"Acute tests with fathead minnows (Pimephales prornelas Rafinesque), johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque), white suckers (Catostomus commersoni Lacépède) and acute and chronic tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to evaluate whether characteristics of the St. Vrain River in Colorado would ameliorate or enhance toxicity of un-ionized ammonia compared to laboratory (well) water and LC50 values found in the literature. Concurrently, tests were conducted on dilutions of Longmont, Colorado, wastewater to evaluate its toxicity in differing ammonia concentrations. Tests were conducted at two temperatures (approximately 6 and 20°C) to simulate seasonal differences.
\nLC50s for fishes in the St. Vrain River water were similar to LC50s in laboratory water, indicating there was no site water effect. LC50s derived for fishes tested in warm conditions were within a factor of about two or three of literature values. However, the constituents in or characteristics of the wastewater appeared to enhance ammonia toxicity. Literature values (LC50s) for resident aquatic organisms and the new LC50 value for johnny darters tested on-site were used to derive site-specific criteria for un-ionized ammonia. Greater sensitivities of species to ammonia at cold versus warm temperatures suggests that colder, low-flow conditions may be a critical period for warm-water aquatic communities with regard to ammonia toxicity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620081211","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, D.W., Link, D., Parrish, L.P., Rodriguez, G.J., Wuerthele, W., and Davies, P.H., 1989, Comparison of on-site and laboratory toxicity tests: derivation of site-specific criteria for un-ionized ammonia in a Colorado transitional stream: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1177-1189, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620081211.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1189","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293266,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620081211"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c4e4b044dc0e828917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, Del Wayne R.","contributorId":74308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"Del","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, Denise","contributorId":27367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"Denise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Loys P.","contributorId":15119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Loys","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, Glenn J.","contributorId":57377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wuerthele, William","contributorId":87866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wuerthele","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davies, Patrick H.","contributorId":74309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}