{"pageNumber":"4559","pageRowStart":"113950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":166004,"records":[{"id":70013039,"text":"70013039 - 1985 - Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:07:37","indexId":"70013039","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2348,"text":"Journal of Imaging Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data","docAbstract":"As a part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat D Image Data Quality Analysis Program, the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center (EDC) developed procedures to optimize the visual information content of Thematic Mapper data and evaluate the resulting photographic products by visual interpretation. A digital-to-analog transfer function was developed which would properly place the digital values on the most useable portion of a film response curve. Individual black-and-white transparencies generated using the resulting look-up tables were utilized in the production of color-composite images with varying band combinations. Four experienced photointerpreters ranked 2-cm-diameter (0. 75 inch) chips of selected image features of each band combination for ease of interpretability. A nonparametric rank-order test determined the significance of interpreter preference for the band combinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Imaging Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07473583","usgsCitation":"McCord, J.R., Binnie, D.R., and Seevers, P.M., 1985, Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 3, p. 125-130.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd48e4b0c8380cd4e741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, James R.","contributorId":17998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binnie, Douglas R. binnie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"Douglas","email":"binnie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seevers, Paul M.","contributorId":66415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013043,"text":"70013043 - 1985 - Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:45:17","indexId":"70013043","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration","docAbstract":"A coulometric titration is used for the determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials. Carbon dioxide is evolved from the sample by the addition of 2 M perchloric acid, with heating, and is determined by automated coulometric titration. The coulometric titration showed improved speed and precision with comparable accuracy to gravimetric and gasometric techniques. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(85)90025-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Engleman, E., Jackson, L.L., and Norton, D.R., 1985, Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration: Chemical Geology, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 125-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90025-7.","startPage":"125","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266111,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90025-7"},{"id":220068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff99e4b0c8380cd4f29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engleman, E.E.","contributorId":9253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engleman","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norton, D. R.","contributorId":78865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013517,"text":"70013517 - 1985 - DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013517","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"The Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) program encompasses a multi-discipline effort involving geologists, hydrologists, engineers, geographers, and cartographers of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Since the program began in 1980, more than 520,000 square miles of aerial coverage of SLAR data in the conterminous United States and Alaska have been acquired or contracted for acquisition. The Geological Survey has supported more than 60 research and applications projects addressing the use of this technology in the earth sciences since 1980. These projects have included preparation of lithographic reproductions of SLAR mosaics, research to improve the cartographic uses of SLAR, research for use of SLAR in assessing earth hazards, and studies using SLAR for energy and mineral exploration through improved geologic mapping.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.E., and Kover, A.N., 1985, DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA, p. 767-770.","startPage":"767","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd30e4b0c8380cd4e6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John Edwin","contributorId":77301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kover, Allan N.","contributorId":90809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013045,"text":"70013045 - 1985 - Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T15:06:31.77465","indexId":"70013045","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Near-bottom currents, light transmission and scattering, and bottom pressure were measured with GEOPROBE tripods and vector-averaging current meters during June 1979 to April 1980 on the central shelf 10 km west of the Russian River, California. The instruments were located on the mid-shelf mud belt composed of bimodal sandy clayey silts contributed principally by the Russian River. During the summer season of persistent northwesterly, upwelling-favorable winds, the average and maximum current speeds 5 m above the bottom were 11 and 31 cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. The mean (subtidal) flow at 5 m above bottom was poleward and slightly offshore at about 6 cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The strongest wave-generated bottom currents were about 10 cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, but oscillatory velocities &gt; 5 cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;were infrequent. Suspended-matter concentrations, derived from the optical data at 1.9 m above the bottom, ranged from 1 to 6 mg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The optical data show that the currents and waves were generally below threshold levels for sediment erosion through the summer. In contrast, during the autumn and, particularly, the winter months, the average and maximum concentrations of suspended matter increased substantially. The increases were primarily caused by larger waves from distant storms and short intervals of strong currents associated with local storms and, secondarily, by the large seasonal flow of the Russian River. Wind-driven and wave-generated bottom currents were as large as 37 and 45 cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively, during local storms in December 1979 and February 1980. Suspended-matter concentrations averaged about 7 mg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;during non-storm winter periods, but increased to nearly 150 mg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;during a December storm. Estimates of suspended-matter flux near the bottom show that the local winter storms, which had a combined duration of about 12 days, could account for 30 to 50% of the total annual suspended-sediment transport at the mid-shelf site. Although intervals of large swell were at times superimposed on southward advective currents, the major sediment-transport events were caused by strong southerly winds that produced poleward bottom currents with a significant offshore component. The primary aspects of the distribution of modern sediments on this shelf are in good agreement with the observed poleward transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1985, Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 4, no. 5, p. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Russian River shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.51559980216115,\n              38.6469199916873\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51559980216115,\n              38.21661585272099\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84406049552042,\n              38.21661585272099\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84406049552042,\n              38.6469199916873\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51559980216115,\n              38.6469199916873\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ece4b08c986b316c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013046,"text":"70013046 - 1985 - Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T11:20:27.045129","indexId":"70013046","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator","docAbstract":"<p>Limnocythere bradburyi is a new species of nonmarine ostracode that is living in several lakes in the central Mexican Plateau. These lakes are shallow, turbid, and pan-shaped, having relatively unstable and fluid substrates. Water levels of these lakes are high in the summer and low or dry in the winter. These lakes usually contain fresh to slightly saline water during the rainy season (summer-fall) and slightly saline water during the dry season (winter-spring), and have solute composition that is dominated by Na+, HCO3--CO32-, Cl- ions. The regional climate is characterized as humid temperate with mild equitable temperatures throughout the year. Winter temperatures are usually above 0oC, whereas summer temperatures are commonly below 30oC. The water temperature of the lakes containing L. bradburyi generally reflects atmospheric temperatures. The ostracode's life cycle coincides with the climatic wet cycle and is therefore completed during the warmest period of the year, which is in marked contrast to ostracodes living in lakes in the US and Canada that usually begin their life cycle with the spring rain and snow melt in cold water and complete their life cycle in warm water. This contrasting climatic life-cycle pattern between central Mexico and the US may be sufficient to explain why L. bradburyi occurs commonly in many Quaternary deposits in the southwestern US, but has not been found living in the US.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., 1985, Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 8-20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304823"},{"id":220121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4797e4b0c8380cd678e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013047,"text":"70013047 - 1985 - Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013047","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","docAbstract":"Most of the old cratered highlands of Mars are dissected by branching river valleys that appear to have been cut by running water1,2 yet liquid water is unstable everywhere on the martian surface. In the equatorial region, where most of the valleys are observed, even ice is unstable3,4. It has been suggested, therefore, that Mars had an early denser atmosphere with sufficient greenhouse warming to allow the existence of liquid water 5. Here, we suggest instead that during periods of very high obliquities, ice could accumulate at low latitudes as a result of sustained sublimation of ice from the poles and transport of the water vapour equatorwards. At low latitudes, the water vapour would saturate the atmosphere and condense onto the surface where it would accumulate until lower obliquities prevailed. The mechanism is efficient only at the very high obliquities that occurred before formation of Tharsis very early in the planet's history, but limited equatorial ice accumulation could also have occurred at the highest obliquities during the rest of the planet's history. Partial melting of the ice could have provided runoff to form the channels or replenish the groundwater system. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315559a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Jakosky, B., and Carr, M.H., 1985, Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity: Nature, v. 315, no. 6020, p. 559-561, https://doi.org/10.1038/315559a0.","startPage":"559","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315559a0"},{"id":220122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e35e4b0c8380cd7a3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013048,"text":"70013048 - 1985 - The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:38:35","indexId":"70013048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","docAbstract":"<p><span>An 800-km&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been cut into a semilithified, silty clay substrate since the onset of the Holocene transgression. Commercial fishing activity indicates that a large population of tilefish, which dig burrows in the sea floor, occupy the area of the rough topography. Average tilefish burrows are 1.6 m in diameter and 1.7 m in depth. They have a clustered, not uniform, distribution, and their average density is 2,500 per km<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>. The close match of areas of rough topography and high tilefish populations, the active burrowing of the sea floor, and the clustered distribution of the burrows suggest that the hummocky topography in this area may be the result of continuous erosion by tilefish and associated crustaceans during the Holocene. An erosion rate of 13 cm per 1,000 years is necessary to create this topography during the past 13,000 years--and 18 cm per 1,000 years if(as is more likely based on the depths at which tilefish presently are found) the erosion started 9,000 years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Grimes, C.B., Jones, R.S., and Able, K., 1985, The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6be4b08c986b32479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R. S.","contributorId":26288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013049,"text":"70013049 - 1985 - A reconnaissance Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar study of some host rocks and ore minerals in the West Shasta Cu- Zn district, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:24:33.450033","indexId":"70013049","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar study of some host rocks and ore minerals in the West Shasta Cu- Zn district, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Copley Greenstone, Balaklala Rhyolite, and Mule Mountain stock in the West Shasta Cu-Zn district, California, have Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar systematics that indicate they are a cogenetic suite of ensimatic island-arc rocks about 400 m.y. Pervasive alteration and mineralization of these rocks, for the most part, was syngenetic and the major component of the mineralizing fluid was Devonian seawater. K-Ar ages of quartz-sericite concentrates from ore horizons and Rb-Sr systematics of a few rock and ore specimens record a later thermal and mineralizing event in the district of about 260 m.y. Contamination of some rocks with pelagic sediments is indicated by the Sm-Nd data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2128","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., McKee, E., Futa, K., Peterman, Z.E., and Zartman, R., 1985, A reconnaissance Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb, and K-Ar study of some host rocks and ore minerals in the West Shasta Cu- Zn district, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2128-2135, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2128.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2135","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e531e4b0c8380cd46bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013052,"text":"70013052 - 1985 - A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:17:03.144979","indexId":"70013052","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458857\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Design of the nomogram is based on effective stress and combines consolidation theory as applicable to depositional environments with the infinite-slope model of slope-stability analysis. The link between the two combined theories is a term representing the effective overburden stress, which may be predicted from consolidation theory and a knowledge of sedimentation rate, time, and the coefficient of consolidation. In turn, if infinite-slope conditions are assumed to exist, the effective overburden stress can be used to derive a factor of safety against static slope failure by using the angle of internal friction and the slope angle. The nomogram applies to depostitional settings in which fine-grained sediment has accumulated at a relatively constant rate upon a base that is essentially impermeable. The model further assumes that the lateral extent of sediment affected by any mass movement will be great compared to its thickness and that no outside agents (e.g., cements, gas) are influencing the section. The nomogram is applicable to static conditions (inherent stability of the slope) and certain dynamic conditions (such as earthquakes). It may be used to investigate mass movements in the geologic past as well as those in modern environments.--Modified journal abstract.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F85F3-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Booth, J., Sangrey, D., and Fugate, J., 1985, A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 29-36, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F85F3-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bde4b0c8380cd468b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, J.S.","contributorId":13619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sangrey, D.A.","contributorId":47364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangrey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fugate, J.K.","contributorId":91624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugate","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013053,"text":"70013053 - 1985 - Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013053","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology","docAbstract":"During the north-east rift eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, on 25 March-14 April 1984 (Fig. 1), microphenocryst contents of erupted lava increased from 0.5 to 30% without concurrent change in either bulk magma composition or eruption temperature (1,140 ?? 3 ??C). The crystallization of the microphenocrysts is interpreted here as being due to undercooling of the magma 20-30 ??C below its liquidas; the undercooling probably resulted from separation and release of volatiles as the magma migrated 12 km from the primary summit reservoir to the eruption site on the north-east rift zone. Such crystallization of magma during an eruption has not been documented previously. The undercooling and crystallization increased the effective viscosity of the magma, leading to decreased eruption rates and stagnation of the lava flow. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/317604a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Banks, N., and Rhodes, J., 1985, Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology: Nature, v. 317, no. 6038, p. 604-607, https://doi.org/10.1038/317604a0.","startPage":"604","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317604a0"},{"id":220227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","issue":"6038","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe50e4b0c8380cd4ec78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":31110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013050,"text":"70013050 - 1985 - SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013050","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS.","docAbstract":"Designing structures to withstand earthquakes requires an accurate estimation of the expected ground motion. While engineers use the peak ground acceleration (PGA) to model the strong ground motion, seismologists use physical characteristics of the source and the rupture mechanism, such as fault length, stress drop, shear wave velocity, seismic moment, distance, and attenuation. This study presents a method for calculating response spectra from seismological models using random vibration theory. It then investigates the effect of various source and site parameters on peak response. Calculations are based on a nonstationary stochastic ground motion model, which can incorporate all the parameters both in frequency and time domains. The estimation of the peak response accounts for the effects of the non-stationarity, bandwidth and peak correlations of the response.","conferenceTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Ltd","publisherLocation":"Southampton, Engl","isbn":"0905451341","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1985, SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS., Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference., Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf35e4b0c8380cd87453","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brebbia, C.A.","contributorId":112425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brebbia","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cakmak, A.S.","contributorId":114101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cakmak","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghaffar, Abdel","contributorId":113250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghaffar","given":"Abdel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002135,"text":"2002135 - 1985 - A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002135","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 006/36","title":"A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Dunn, W., and Douglas, C.L., 1985, A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 006/36, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, W.C.","contributorId":50465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002136,"text":"2002136 - 1985 - A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"2002136","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 031/02","title":"A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., and Annable, C., 1985, A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 031/02, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Annable, C.","contributorId":24053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annable","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001167,"text":"2001167 - 1985 - Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:26:14","indexId":"2001167","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas","docAbstract":"Determination of lead poisoning problem areas is complicated by the nature of the disease process. Rigorous documentation of lead poisoning as a cause of mortality in birds requires the integration and evaluation of pathological and toxicological data by an experienced diagnostician. No single technique provides unequivocal proof that lead exposure occurred at the site of death. However, evaluation processes that integrate knowledge regarding the course of lead poisoning in birds, bird movement patterns in specific geographic areas, and findings from studies involving criteria commonly used to measure exposure to lead shot provide a sound basis for determination of specific problem areas. Sequential sampling during the period of bird use is an important requirement for establishing strong cause and effect relations. Knowledge of lead poisoning characteristics as a disease process are also useful in identifying lead poisoning problem areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1985, Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 2, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94558,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/1988"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e05ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002441,"text":"2002441 - 1985 - Toxicity of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) to eggs and nymphs of the mayfly (Hexagenia sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002441","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Toxicity of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) to eggs and nymphs of the mayfly (Hexagenia sp.)","docAbstract":"Eggs and nymphs of mayflies (Hexagenia  sp.) were exposed to the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4- nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalcylanilide (Bayer 73) and to a mixture of 98% TFM and 2%  Bayer 73 (TFM-2B) to determine the sensitivity of various life stages to these compounds. Some eggs and newly  hatched nymphs survived concentrations of TFM up to 10 mg/L; and nymphs of the other groups tested (7, 16,  23, and 27 mm long) died at concentrations of 5 mg/L or more. Eggs and nymphs were unaffected by Bayer 73  concentrations up to 0.4 mg/L, the highest concentrations tested.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bills, T., Marking, L.L., and Rach, J., 1985, Toxicity of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) to eggs and nymphs of the mayfly (Hexagenia sp.): Technical Report 47, 13-23.","productDescription":"13-23","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92077,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr47.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002132,"text":"2002132 - 1985 - Undersea topography and the comparative distributions of two pelagic cetaceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T18:04:24","indexId":"2002132","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Undersea topography and the comparative distributions of two pelagic cetaceans","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1985, Undersea topography and the comparative distributions of two pelagic cetaceans: Fishery Bulletin, v. 83, no. 3, p. 472-475.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/833/833toc.htm"},{"id":352107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/833/hui.pdf"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000106,"text":"2000106 - 1985 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:29:12","indexId":"2000106","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined-Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine Systems each have two Subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine System has four Subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no Subsystems.Within the Subsystems, Classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same Classes may appear under one or more of the Systems or Subsystems. Six Classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrates as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrates as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom Classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore Classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The Class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five Classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The Dominance Type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; Dominance Types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the Classes or Subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four Water Regime Modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, eight Regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of Water Chemistry Modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance Types and relationships of plant and anima","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1985, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 132 p.","productDescription":"132 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002131,"text":"2002131 - 1985 - Wildlife management plan for the Cottonwood Mountains, Death Valley National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2002131","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 006/35","title":"Wildlife management plan for the Cottonwood Mountains, Death Valley National Monument","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1985, Wildlife management plan for the Cottonwood Mountains, Death Valley National Monument: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 006/35, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002401,"text":"2002401 - 1985 - Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002401","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85-74","title":"Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"595/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity: Research Information Bulletin 85-74, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001851,"text":"1001851 - 1985 - Improving waterfowl production estimates: Results of a test in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:07:57","indexId":"1001851","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2019,"text":"International Congress of Game Biologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving waterfowl production estimates: Results of a test in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in an effort to improve and standardize methods for estimating waterfowl production tested a new technique in the four-county Arrowwood Wetland Management District (WMD) for three years (1982-1984). On 14 randomly selected 10.36 km2 plots, upland and wetland habitat was mapped, classified, and digitized. Waterfowl breeding pairs were counted twice each year and the proportion of wetland basins containing water was determined. Pair numbers and habitat conditions were entered into a computer model developed by Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. That model estimates production on small federally owned wildlife tracts, federal wetland easements, and private land. Results indicate that production estimates were most accurate for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), the species for which the computer model and data base were originally designed. Predictions for the pintail (Anas acuta), gadwall (A. strepa), blue-winged teal (A. discors), and northern shoveler (A. clypeata) were believed to be less accurate. Modeling breeding period dynamics of a waterfowl species and making credible production estimates for a geographic area are possible if the data used in the model are adequate. The process of modeling the breeding period of a species aids in locating areas of insufficient biological knowledge. This process will help direct future research efforts and permit more efficient gathering of field data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Congress of Game Biologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Arnold, P., and Cowardin, L., 1985, Improving waterfowl production estimates: Results of a test in the prairie pothole region: International Congress of Game Biologists, v. 17, p. 859-865.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"865","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, P.M.","contributorId":63750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000238,"text":"1000238 - 1985 - Survival of lake trout eggs and fry reared in water from the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T13:11:39","indexId":"1000238","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of lake trout eggs and fry reared in water from the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of continuing studies of the reproductive failure of lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) in Lake Michigan, we measured the survival of lake trout eggs and fry of different origins and reared in different environments. Eggs and milt were stripped from spawning lake trout collected in the fall of 1980 from southeastern Lake Michigan, northwestern Lake Huron, south central Lake Superior, and from hatchery brood stock. Eggs from all sources were incubated, and the newly hatched fry were reared for 139 days in lake water from each of the three upper Great Lakes and in well water. Survival of eggs to hatching at all sites was lowest for those from Lake Michigan (70% of fertilized eggs) and highest for eggs from Lake Superior (96%). Comparisons of incubation water from the different lakes indicated that hatching success of eggs from all sources was highest in Lake Huron water, and lowest in Lake Michigan water. The most notable finding was the nearly total mortality of fry from eggs of southeastern Lake Michigan lake trout. At all sites, the mean survival of Lake Michigan fry through 139 days after hatching was only 4% compared to near 50% for fry from the other three sources. In a comparison of the rearing sites, little influence of water quality on fry survival was found. Thus, the poor survival was associated with the source of eggs and sperm, not the water in which the fry were reared.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(85)71796-0","usgsCitation":"Mac, M.J., Edsall, C.C., and Seelye, J.G., 1985, Survival of lake trout eggs and fry reared in water from the upper Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 11, no. 4, p. 520-529, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(85)71796-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"520","endPage":"529","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Carol Cotant","contributorId":78690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Cotant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000087,"text":"1000087 - 1985 - Comparison of methods for measuring surface area of submersed aquatic macrophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T13:21:23","indexId":"1000087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods for measuring surface area of submersed aquatic macrophytes","docAbstract":"<p>The surface area of submersed macrophytes is often viewed from different perspectives such as substrate for colonization by periphyton, or protective cover for fishes. Consequently, several different methods have been used to measure it. We describe a method for measuring that area with an electronic surface area meter, a device that yields, for large samples of macrophytes, measurements in units of square meters of plant surface area per square meter of bottom. Unpreserved macrophytes, pressed gently between plastic sheets, are passed through the sensing head of the meter, which electronically scans and measures their surface area. The technique is several times faster and more precise than previous methods even for plants with finely dissected leaves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1985.9665092","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.L., and Manny, B.A., 1985, Comparison of methods for measuring surface area of submersed aquatic macrophytes: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 61-68, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1985.9665092.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae63b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Charles L.","contributorId":102421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001539,"text":"1001539 - 1985 - Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:36:11","indexId":"1001539","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring","docAbstract":"<p>Body weight, fat, and protein levels of arctic-nesting Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) were measured at several locations during spring migration and on the breeding grounds. Body weights of adult males and females increased by about 34% (1,129 g) and 30% (953 g) from early March at the Platte River to late April at Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan; average fat content increased from about 250 to 990 g. Rates of weight gain and fat deposition among males and females averaged 25-18 and 16-13 g/day. Body weights and fat content of cranes staging along the North Platte River followed similar patterns and usually were higher than along the Platte River during comparable periods. Fat reserves of paired cranes collected after their arrival at a major breeding ground on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska averaged about 530 g, or about 46% less than peak fat content in Saskatchewan. Patterns of weight increase and fat deposition in cranes during migration were similar to those previously described for northern-nesting geese, except that nutrient storage is not sex specific in cranes. Body protein of adult female cranes did not change significantly during spring migration (P = 0.28). Female cranes allocate less nutrients to clutch formation in proportion to body size than do northern-nesting geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4086780 ","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Iverson, G., Reinecke, K.J., and Boise, C., 1985, Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring: The Auk, v. 102, no. 2, p. 362-368, https://doi.org/10.2307/4086780 .","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bc898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, G.C.","contributorId":30590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boise, C.M.","contributorId":31723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boise","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001203,"text":"1001203 - 1985 - Classification of native vegetation at the Woodworth Station, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:44:15","indexId":"1001203","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of native vegetation at the Woodworth Station, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Native prairie areas on the Woodworth Station were sampled, classified, described, and mapped. Transect sites were selectively located along different soil moisture gradients. Data were collected from 292 plots using a modified Braun-Blanquet cover estimation technique. Trees and tall shrubs (over 2 m) were not sampled because they made up less than 1% of all cover. Eve vegetation classes were established based on growth forms. They were mixed grass, shrub, tall grass, broad-leaved forbs, and trees. Each class is divided into community types based on species composition. The mixed-grass class has blue grama, Kentucky bluegrass, and mixed native grasses. The shrub class is divided into low shrub, shrub grassland, and tall shrub. The tall-grass class includes little bluestem, big bluestem, bluestem Indian-grass, and prairie cordgrass. These results will provide baseline information for long-range plans on habitat management which are being developed for the Woodworth Station.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M., 1985, Classification of native vegetation at the Woodworth Station, North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 17, no. 3, p. 167-175.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de82b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, M.I.","contributorId":56584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001396,"text":"1001396 - 1985 - Time budgets of northern pintails wintering in the Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T19:46:44.597672","indexId":"1001396","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time budgets of northern pintails wintering in the Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl Press","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1985, Time budgets of northern pintails wintering in the Sacramento Valley, California: Wildfowl, v. 36, p. 53-64.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/718"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04915260369637,\n              38.339177820596234\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05883525570385,\n              38.210679915941824\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87327753609301,\n              38.1519399580944\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59130563802046,\n              38.37570514807604\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16552769848806,\n              38.71808651770621\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.85701718573213,\n              39.02498631842258\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.03253098918137,\n              39.162213361659894\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.18636422827785,\n              39.47012411776984\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46405581375376,\n              39.803663241183386\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67744606663268,\n              40.10307787005431\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86950774395558,\n              40.2912096462847\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87306121423387,\n              40.63520978789853\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00139795290704,\n              40.94528947177656\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28653526370789,\n              40.995665504499954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.55531851923698,\n              40.803613801293096\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84432301880116,\n              40.576647909461116\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9858587541284,\n              40.385589553615034\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7849335707786,\n              40.03545827820639\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67817522135621,\n              39.77932101631245\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.65948182151743,\n              39.42841096669298\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54093566436791,\n              39.01905511157207\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32949431218105,\n              38.88432244160629\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19470396307452,\n              38.65460520065017\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05158120271051,\n              38.587271524432424\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04915260369637,\n              38.339177820596234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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