{"pageNumber":"4560","pageRowStart":"113975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70015086,"text":"70015086 - 1989 - Earthquake recurrence and risk assessment in circum-Pacific seismic gaps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:07:07.972587","indexId":"70015086","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake recurrence and risk assessment in circum-Pacific seismic gaps","docAbstract":"<p>THE development of the concept of seismic gaps, regions of low earthquake activity where large events are expected, has been one of the notable achievements of seismology and plate tectonics. Its application to long-term earthquake hazard assessment continues to be an active field of seismological research. Here I have surveyed well documented case histories of repeated rupture of the same segment of circum-Pacific plate boundary and characterized their general features. I find that variability in fault slip and spatial extent of great earthquakes rupturing the same plate boundary segment is typical rather than exceptional but sequences of major events fill identified seismic gaps with remarkable order. Earthquakes are concentrated late in the seismic cycle and occur with increasing size and magnitude. Furthermore, earthquake rupture starts near zones of concentrated moment release, suggesting that high-slip regions control the timing of recurrent events. The absence of major earthquakes early in the seismic cycle indicates a more complex behaviour for lower-slip regions, which may explain the observed cycle-to-cycle diversity of gap-filling sequences.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/341432a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., 1989, Earthquake recurrence and risk assessment in circum-Pacific seismic gaps: Nature, v. 341, no. 6241, p. 432-434, https://doi.org/10.1038/341432a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"434","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"341","issue":"6241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04ffe4b0c8380cd50be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222309,"text":"5222309 - 1989 - DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-25T17:44:31.981216","indexId":"5222309","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>We studied organochlorine, mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) contamination in white-faced ibis (<i>Plegadis chihi</i>) nesting at Carson Lake, Nevada, in 1985 and 1986. Dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) was related to fewer young produced/nesting attempt (P = 0.0001), fewer young produced/successful nest (P = 0.0075), and eggshell thinning (P = 0.0001). As DDE in eggs increased to &gt;4 ppm (wet wt), and especially &gt; 8 ppm, productivity decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) and the incidence of cracked eggs increased. Assuming that 4 ppm DDE is the critical residue level, 40% of the nesting population in 1985 and 1986 was adversely impacted by DDE, with a net loss of 20% of the population's expected production (to about 10 days old). Most eggs containing exceptionally high DDE levels (8-29 ppm) also had substantial amounts of dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), which implies recently-used DDT as the source. No evidence of breeding ground DDE-DDT contamination was found. The white-faced ibis winter in Mexico, and mostly in the interior agricultural region. Concentrations of DDE-DDT in ibis eggs, unlike most other wading bird species from the Great Basin, did not decline during the last decade. Other organochlorine contaminants were generally low and detected in 533% of the eggs. Selenium and Hg were accumulated by ibis on the Nevada breeding grounds, but concentrations in eggs did not reach levels sufficient to impact the production of 7-10 day old young. Potential Se and especially Hg accumulation during the remainder of the summer was high, but actual effects on growing young and adults remain unknown.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809606","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Herron, G.B., 1989, DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 4, p. 1032-1045, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1032","endPage":"1045","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.77805138385027,\n              39.36219915276649\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77805138385027,\n              39.286446185089886\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63667945250911,\n              39.286446185089886\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63667945250911,\n              39.36219915276649\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77805138385027,\n              39.36219915276649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herron, Gary B.","contributorId":21242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222308,"text":"5222308 - 1989 - Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-25T16:36:56.491255","indexId":"5222308","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Die-offs of sage grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) were verified in southeastern Idaho in 1981. We captured 82 apparently healthy grouse to quantify the effects of organophosphorus insecticides (OP's) and other pesticides on sage grouse in sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i> spp.) bordering agricultural lands in July 1985 and 1986. Grouse were fitted with radio collars and tracked through part of each summer. At least 18% of 82 radio-tagged grouse in 1985-86 subsequently occupied fields at the time they were sprayed with OP insecticides dimethoate or methamidophos. Cholinesterase (ChE) assays of brains and residue analysis of crop contents indicated that 5 and 16% of the marked sample died from OP's in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Approximately 200 sage grouse were present in a block of alfalfa sprayed with dimethoate; 63 of these were later found dead and ChE activity in 43 brains suitable for assay were depressed &gt;50%. Maximum residues in crop contents of dead grouse were 18 μg/g methamidophos and 30 μg/g dimethoate. Intoxicated or dead grouse were observed in or near 6 fields sprayed with dimethoate or methamidophos in 1985-86. Twenty of 31 intoxicated grouse radiotagged after being found in dimethoate-sprayed (1986) alfalfa died. Our study indicates that certain pesticides have the potential for adversely affecting grouse populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809623","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Staley, C.S., Henny, C.J., Pendleton, G.W., Craig, T.H., Craig, E.H., and Halford, D.K., 1989, Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 4, p. 1139-1146, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809623.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.60065971282256,\n              43.945649925390825\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.60065971282256,\n              42.63251115945559\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.42000434810421,\n              42.63251115945559\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.42000434810421,\n              43.945649925390825\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.60065971282256,\n              43.945649925390825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staley, Chris S.","contributorId":10890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Craig, Tim H.","contributorId":213558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27672,"text":"Aquila Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Craig, Erica H.","contributorId":176469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Halford, Douglas K.","contributorId":7381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168842,"text":"70168842 - 1989 - Water resources of northeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T15:37:51","indexId":"70168842","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"8","subseriesTitle":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources Water Atlas","title":"Water resources of northeast Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>In 1965 a cooperative investigation with the U.S. Geological Survey produced Water Atlas No. 1 (Twenter and Coble, 1965). &nbsp;It presented information on the occurrence, availability, use, quality, and future demand of water in 10 counties in the central part of the state. &nbsp;Subsequent investigations produced Water Atlases No. 4 (Coble and Roberts, 1971) for southeast Iowa, No. 5 (Cagle and Heinitz, 1978) for south-central Iowa, No. 6 (Wahl et al., 1978) for east-central Iowa, and No. 7 (Buchmiller et al., 1985) for north-central Iowa. &nbsp;The present study, Water Atlas No. 8 (1989), describes the surface-water and groundwater resources of 11 counties in extreme northeast Iowa. &nbsp;With the publication of this report, water atlases are now available for the eastern two-thirds of the state.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Horick, P.J., and Soenksen, P.J., 1989, Water resources of northeast Iowa, xi, 133 p.","productDescription":"xi, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://s-iihr34.iihr.uiowa.edu/publications/uploads/WA-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.22,43.5023],[-91.2208,43.4922],[-91.2212,43.4832],[-91.2213,43.4827],[-91.2227,43.4769],[-91.2247,43.4728],[-91.2261,43.4701],[-91.2269,43.4692],[-91.2287,43.467],[-91.2314,43.463],[-91.232,43.4584],[-91.2316,43.4552],[-91.2305,43.4511],[-91.2285,43.4471],[-91.2247,43.4439],[-91.2208,43.4408],[-91.213,43.4332],[-91.2072,43.4264],[-91.2066,43.425],[-91.2044,43.4201],[-91.2009,43.411],[-91.199,43.4015],[-91.1995,43.3946],[-91.2006,43.3896],[-91.2024,43.3855],[-91.2048,43.3796],[-91.2072,43.3751],[-91.2104,43.3725],[-91.2127,43.3694],[-91.2139,43.3667],[-91.2125,43.3635],[-91.2112,43.3599],[-91.2084,43.356],[-91.2035,43.3527],[-91.1985,43.3518],[-91.1927,43.3512],[-91.1878,43.3507],[-91.1826,43.3489],[-91.1762,43.3453],[-91.168,43.3421],[-91.1635,43.343],[-91.1548,43.341],[-91.1452,43.3375],[-91.133,43.3319],[-91.1213,43.3249],[-91.1088,43.3171],[-91.1004,43.3118],[-91.0937,43.3048],[-91.0883,43.297],[-91.0875,43.2959],[-91.0794,43.2823],[-91.0783,43.2769],[-91.0778,43.2727],[-91.0749,43.2672],[-91.0712,43.2639],[-91.0656,43.2624],[-91.0646,43.2613],[-91.0632,43.2597],[-91.0621,43.256],[-91.0631,43.2511],[-91.0648,43.2488],[-91.0684,43.2455],[-91.0739,43.2417],[-91.0862,43.2314],[-91.0965,43.2226],[-91.1095,43.2119],[-91.1201,43.2029],[-91.1205,43.2024],[-91.1249,43.1977],[-91.1285,43.1921],[-91.133,43.1859],[-91.1364,43.1798],[-91.1392,43.1723],[-91.1445,43.1629],[-91.1465,43.1587],[-91.1486,43.1543],[-91.1526,43.1486],[-91.1576,43.1453],[-91.1582,43.1451],[-91.1647,43.1432],[-91.1688,43.1418],[-91.1697,43.1415],[-91.1731,43.1397],[-91.1755,43.1374],[-91.1775,43.1339],[-91.1783,43.1298],[-91.1785,43.123],[-91.1776,43.1178],[-91.177,43.1083],[-91.1766,43.1024],[-91.1765,43.0915],[-91.178,43.0811],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8899,42.6733],[-90.8768,42.6715],[-90.8669,42.6695],[-90.8405,42.6634],[-90.8205,42.6604],[-90.8068,42.6583],[-90.7924,42.6553],[-90.7755,42.6531],[-90.7629,42.6506],[-90.7561,42.6491],[-90.7461,42.6479],[-90.7369,42.6464],[-90.7301,42.6449],[-90.7217,42.6423],[-90.7134,42.64],[-90.706,42.6356],[-90.7019,42.6311],[-90.7002,42.6293],[-90.6954,42.6227],[-90.6926,42.618],[-90.69,42.613],[-90.6886,42.6076],[-90.6875,42.603],[-90.6858,42.5984],[-90.6825,42.5937],[-90.6777,42.5849],[-90.6718,42.5759],[-90.6693,42.5705],[-90.6667,42.5639],[-90.6635,42.5587],[-90.659,42.5542],[-90.6517,42.5491],[-90.6465,42.5461],[-90.642,42.5416],[-90.6395,42.5371],[-90.6376,42.5317],[-90.6347,42.5241],[-90.6342,42.5191],[-90.6363,42.5146],[-90.6415,42.5093],[-90.6467,42.5039],[-90.6513,42.4981],[-90.6527,42.4936],[-90.6536,42.4868],[-90.6534,42.4831],[-90.6533,42.48],[-90.6485,42.4744],[-90.6403,42.4682],[-90.6292,42.4617],[-90.6157,42.4555],[-90.6059,42.4517],[-90.5983,42.4495],[-90.5964,42.4486],[-90.5869,42.4458],[-90.5802,42.4437],[-90.5716,42.4414],[-90.5655,42.4385],[-90.5619,42.4357],[-90.5595,42.4316],[-90.5588,42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P. J.","contributorId":167109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, P. J.","contributorId":71575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123428,"text":"70123428 - 1989 - The correct citation and spelling of <i>Ptiliogonys</i> and type locality of <i>Ptiliogonys cinereus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T17:24:22","indexId":"70123428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T13:40:23","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The correct citation and spelling of <i>Ptiliogonys</i> and type locality of <i>Ptiliogonys cinereus</i>","docAbstract":"<p>William Swainson published descriptions and illustrations of many new forms of New World birds. In some of his earlier papers, Swainson cited his own works (of which only some parts have been published) as well as some manuscripts that were never published (see McMillan 1971). Swainson also referred to works that were published later under different titles. For example, Swainson (1827a) listed several names of birds and cited his \"Mexican Zoology,\" a work that was never published. Later he (Swainson 1831-1832) referred to the \"Cat. of Mex. Mus. App. p. 4 (1824),\" in which he claimed to have described the taxa he had listed in Swainson (1827a).</p><p>Modern authorities (e.g. Greenway 1960: 371; American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1983: 582) refer to the 1824 source as the original publication for the genus they render as <i>Ptilogonys</i> and (AOU 1983) for the species <i>Ptilogonys cinereus</i>. However, there is no evidence that the 1824 work was ever seen as a manuscript or published. In this paper, I review the use of \"Swainson, 1824,\" as a citation and discuss the actual publication, spelling of the names <i>Ptiliogonys</i> and <i>Ptiliogonys cinereus</i>, and type locality of the species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1989, The correct citation and spelling of <i>Ptiliogonys</i> and type locality of <i>Ptiliogonys cinereus</i>: The Auk, v. 106, no. 4, p. 743-746.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087692 "}],"volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a756ce4b01535cb427c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223520,"text":"5223520 - 1989 - Did Lewis and Clark discover the broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T16:14:54.007616","indexId":"5223520","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T12:19:07","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":890,"text":"Archives of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Did Lewis and Clark discover the broad-tailed hummingbird (<i>Selasphorus platycercus</i>)?","title":"Did Lewis and Clark discover the broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edinburgh University Press","doi":"10.3366/anh.1989.16.3.243","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., and Calder, W.A., 1989, Did Lewis and Clark discover the broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)?: Archives of Natural History, v. 16, no. 3, p. 243-244, https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.1989.16.3.243.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calder, W. A. III","contributorId":31084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015258,"text":"70015258 - 1989 - Peak accelerations from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:39:11.109633","indexId":"70015258","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak accelerations from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Peak accelerations of the Loma Prieta main shock have been tabulated from instruments maintained by a number of organizations. We have analyzed a subset of 86 records from nominally free-field sites, which have been subdivided into rock, alluvium, and bay-mud categories according to data available in various reports. After correction for attenuation, the peak accelerations on rock, alluvium, and bay-mud sites are factors of 1.6, 1.8, and 4.5 larger, on the average, than Joyner and Boore’s (1988) predicted values for a M= 6.9 earthquake. The mean motions for the rock and alluvium sites are somewhat greater than one standard deviation away from the predicted value, but the mean acceleration from the bay-mud sites is well outside the range expected from analyses of data from previous earthquakes from rock and alluvium sites. Large amplitudes of motions on bay-mud sites relative to rock sites (a factor of 2.8 for the average of the recordings of the Loma Prieta main shock) has been found previously from recordings of distant earthquakes and explosions, but the Loma Prieta earthquake provided the first opportunity to study the relative amplitudes from strong-motion recordings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.60.4.151","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., Seekins, L., and Joyner, W.B., 1989, Peak accelerations from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 60, no. 4, p. 151-166, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.60.4.151.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.17540901474337,\n              38.544096283987756\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.17540901474337,\n              36.52712218016232\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.98531055812316,\n              36.52712218016232\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.98531055812316,\n              38.544096283987756\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.17540901474337,\n              38.544096283987756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7605e4b0c8380cd77e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Linda","contributorId":84751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185886,"text":"70185886 - 1989 - Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:13:46","indexId":"70185886","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measured stream discharge plus calculated ground water discharge (total measured runoff) were compared with runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method for the two largest watersheds of Mirror Lake for 1981–1983. Runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method, using Hubbard Brook watershed 3 as the index watershed, was greater than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of high flow and slightly less than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of low flow. Annual calculated unit runoff was 17 to 37 percent greater than total measured runoff. Differences in monthly runoff are far greater, ranging from 0 to greater than 100 percent. For high flows the calculated unit runoff is about 2 times greater than total measured runoff. For low flows the northwest basin of Mirror Lake has the greatest ground water contribution compared to the other two basins. In contrast, Hubbard Brook watershed 3 has the least ground water contribution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Eaton, J., and Likens, G., 1989, Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 25, no. 5, p. 991-1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.2822151184082,\n              43.608736628843445\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25097274780272,\n              43.608736628843445\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25097274780272,\n              43.63545396386518\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2822151184082,\n              43.63545396386518\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2822151184082,\n              43.608736628843445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c685742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, J.S.","contributorId":190048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015380,"text":"70015380 - 1989 - Earliest conifers in North America; upland and/or paleoclimatic indicators?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T15:59:16.874206","indexId":"70015380","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earliest conifers in North America; upland and/or paleoclimatic indicators?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3514592","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., and Darrah, W., 1989, Earliest conifers in North America; upland and/or paleoclimatic indicators?: Palaios, v. 4, no. 5, p. 480-486, https://doi.org/10.2307/3514592.","productDescription":"7 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Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, W.C.","contributorId":46697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darrah","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186956,"text":"70186956 - 1989 - Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T16:24:42","indexId":"70186956","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Historical eruptions have produced lahars and floods by perturbing snow and ice at more than 40 volcanoes worldwide. Most of these volcanoes are located at latitudes higher than 35°; those at lower latitudes reach altitudes generally above 4000 m. Volcanic events can perturb mantles of snow and ice in at least five ways: (1) scouring and melting by flowing pyroclastic debris or blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, (2) surficial melting by lava flows, (3) basal melting of glacial ice or snow by subglacial eruptions or geothermal activity, (4) ejection of water by eruptions through a crater lake, and (5) deposition of tephra fall. Historical records of volcanic eruptions at snow-clad volcanoes show the following: (1) Flowing pyroclastic debris (pyroclastic flows and surges) and blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris are the most common volcanic events that generate lahars and floods; (2) Surficial lava flows generally cannot melt snow and ice rapidly enough to form large lahars or floods; (3) Heating the base of a glacier or snowpack by subglacial eruptions or by geothermal activity can induce basal melting that may result in ponding of water and lead to sudden outpourings of water or sediment-rich debris flows; (4) Tephra falls usually alter ablation rates of snow and ice but generally produce little meltwater that results in the formation of lahars and floods; (5) Lahars and floods generated by flowing pyroclastic debris, blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, or basal melting of snow and ice commonly have volumes that exceed 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class=\"Para\">The glowing lava (pyroclastic flow) which flowed with force over ravines and ridges...gathered in the basin quickly and then forced downwards. As a result, tremendously wide and deep pathways in the ice and snow were made and produced great streams of water (Wolf 1878).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00641384","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Newhall, C.G., 1989, Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641384.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cee4b08144348b7e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122966,"text":"70122966 - 1989 - Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T14:59:09","indexId":"70122966","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T14:55:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(20)","title":"Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","docAbstract":"<p>Riparian ecosystems generally compose a minor proportion of surrounding\nareas, but typically are more structurally diverse and more productive in plant\nand animal biomass than adjacent upland areas. Riparian areas supply food,\ncover, and water (especially important in the arid West) for a large diversity\nof animals, and serve as migration routes and forest connectors between habitats\nfor a variety of wildlife, particularly ungulates and birds.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Because riparian ecosystems often are relatively small areas and occur in\nconjunction with waterways, they are vulnerable to severe alteration. Riparian\necosystems throughout the U.S. have been heavily impacted by man's activities.\nRiparian ecosystem creation and restoration have been used as mitigation for\nproject impacts from highway, bridge, and pipeline construction; water\ndevelopment; flood control channel modifications; industrial and residential\ndevelopment; agriculture; irrigation; livestock grazing; mining; and accidental\nhabitat loss.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Creation of a riparian ecosystem in| a more mesic upland area (e.g.,\n‘grassland or cropland) adjacent to a river requires appropriate water supply and\ngrading the topography to suitable elevations to support plantings of riparian\nvegetation. Restoration involves returning the ecosystem to pre disturbance\nconditions and typically implies revegetation. Removing exotic vegetation or\nrestoring water supplies to pre disturbance level also may be involved.\nEnhancement of riparian ecosystems commonly refers to improving existing\nconditions to increase habitat value, usually by increasing plant or community\ndiversity to increase value for wildlife. Managing a riparian ecosystem\ntypically involves enhancement techniques. However, creation and restoration\nprojects often involve use of techniques considered more management-oriented\n(e.g., fencing to prevent cattle grazing until planted vegetation of a created\nor restored wetland is established).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Protection of an existing riparian ecosystem from impact should be of\nutmost importance during planning and construction phases of development\nprojects. If loss or damage is unavoidable, wetland creation or restoration\ncan be used as mitigation. Compared to other wetland types (e.g., coastal\nwetlands), projects and techniques involving creation or restoration of riparian\necosystems are not well documented. For example, only 8% of the records in the\nWCR Data Base contained information on riparian ecosystems, whereas 31% of the\nrecords contained information on coastal emergent or forested ecosystems. To\nprovide a source of currently available literature, riparian information from\n92 records (primarily published papers or reports) in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife\nService's (FWS) Wetland Creation-Restoration (WCR) Data Base (Schneller-McDonald\net al. 1988) was used to develop a literature summary of creation and restoration\nof riparian ecosystems.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The summary provides an overview of the status of riparian ecosystems in\nthe U.S., a discussion of several riparian functions, and a review of some\ntechniques used for planning, implementing, monitoring, and measuring project\nsuccess of creation-restoration efforts. Case studies of various creation or\nrestoration projects are used to demonstrate these techniques and to report some\nresults of their use. Several well-documented case studies are discussed in\ndetail to illustrate more extensive efforts to plan, implement, or monitor\nriparian ecosystem creation-restoration projects.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For the purpose of this report, riparian ecosystems are defined as\nlandscapes adjacent to drainageways of floodplains that exhibit vegetation, soil,\nand hydrologic mosaics along topographic and moisture gradients that are distinct\nfrom the predominant landscape surface types. Major plant communities are\ndescribed under palustrine system in Cowardin et al. (1979).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Literature from the WCR Data Base was used to provide a summary of riparian\necosystem creation-restoration literature. Thus, information concerning natural\nsystems is not included unless discussed in these articles. This focus allows\nthe reader to compare relative information available on riparian ecosystem\ncreation-restoration efforts. However, this focus also results in limited\ninformation in some sections of the report (e.g., Status of Riparian Ecosystems\nin the U.S.).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Individuals involved in riparian ecosystem creation-restoration efforts\nare encouraged to thoroughly examine available literature on natural and altered\nsystems. Brinson et al. (1981) provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of\nthe ecology and status of riparian ecosystems. Over 500 articles are cited in\ntheir 124-page report. Chapters include the following topics: status of\nriparian ecosystems in the U.S., ecological functions and properties of riparian\necosystems (e.g., geomorphology, primary productivity, nutrient cycling,\nhydrology), importance of riparian ecosystems to fish and wildlife, and\nconsiderations in valuation (ecologic and economic) of riparian ecosystems.\nBrinson et al. (1981) also discuss management of riparian ecosystems. Riparian\necosystem management literature was not included in the WCR Data Base, unless\nthe article also discussed creation or restoration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Manci, K.M., 1989, Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary, vi, 59 p.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193cfe4b0ae951d96063f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manci, Karen M.","contributorId":8389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123411,"text":"70123411 - 1989 - Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T12:50:37","indexId":"70123411","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T12:39:28","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(21)","title":"Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","docAbstract":"<p>The primary objective of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 1251) is to restore and maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters.  Section 404 of the Act regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into wetlands and represents the primary Federal authority for regulation of wetland alterations.  Since its inception, the Section 404 program has been controversial in regard to the extent to which it was intended to provide wetlands regulation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Section 404 requires those who wish to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include many wetlands, to first obtain a Federal permit.  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has overall responsibility for administration of the Section 404 program and promulgates guidelines that must be followed in issuing permits.  In addition, EPA has the final authority to prohibit specific discharges if the environmental impacts are unacceptable.  The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issues Section 404 permits, which can be of two types.  Individual Permits are issued following case-by-case reviews of proposed discharges.  General Permits, which can be either nationwide or regional in scope, are authorized by the Corps for categories of activities that are similar in nature and that have only minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental impacts.  EPA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), and State natural resource agencies review and comment on permit applications and offer recommendations on appropriate mitigation measures.  Although comments from the Service and other natural resource agencies are advisory in nature (EPA's veto authority excepted), they can serve as the basis for modifying, conditioning, or denying a Section 404 permit.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In 1986, in a survey conducted by the National Ecology Research Center, Service personnel indicated interest in additional information concerning both wetland trends and the impacts of activities authorized by the Corps under Section 404 (Roelle 1986).  Although there is some information concerning wetland losses for certain geographic areas and for the Nation as a whole (Frayer et al. 1983; Tiner 1984), there appears to be little information on how these losses relate to the Section 404 permitting process.  The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of estimating wetland losses in relationship to Individual and General Permits issued under Section 404.  A secondary objective was to assemble data on acceptance and implementation of specific mitigation recommendations offered by the Service and other natural resource agencies in connection with development activities on wetlands examined.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>At present, 26 categories of Nationwide permits have been authorized by the Corps.  Nationwide permit 26 was of particular interest in this study because it specifically authorizes discharges into wetlands under certain circumstances (see Figure 1 and related text for a more complete discussion of circumstances under which Nationwide Permit 26 is applicable).  All subsequent references to Nationwide or General permits pertain to Nationwide Permit 26.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gladwin, D.N., Roelle, J.E., and Asherin, D.A., 1989, Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study, iii, 19 p.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad37e4b09baad27cdb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladwin, Douglas N.","contributorId":56352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asherin, Duane A.","contributorId":51660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123153,"text":"70123153 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:22:58","indexId":"70123153","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:11:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","docAbstract":"<p>There are four major components of a stream system that determine the productivity of the fishery (Karr and Dudley 1978).  These are: (1) flow regime, (2) physical habitat structure (channel form, substrate distribution, and riparian vegetation), (3) water quality (including temperature), and (4) energy inputs from the watershed (sediments, nutrients, and organic matter).  The complex interaction of these components determines the primary production, secondary production, and fish population of the stream reach.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The basic components and interactions needed to simulate fish populations as a function of management alternatives are illustrated in Figure I.1.  The assessment process utilizes a hierarchical and modular approach combined with computer simulation techniques.  The modular components represent the \"building blocks\" for the simulation.  The quality of the physical habitat is a function of flow and, therefore, varies in quality and quantity over the range of the flow regime.  The conceptual framework of the Incremental Methodology and guidelines for its application are described in \"A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology\" (Bovee 1982).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Simulation of physical habitat is accomplished using the physical structure of the stream and streamflow.  The modification of physical habitat by temperature and water quality is analyzed separately from physical habitat simulation.  Temperature in a stream varies with the seasons, local meteorological conditions, stream network configuration, and the flow regime; thus, the temperature influences on habitat must be analysed on a stream system basis.  Water quality under natural conditions is strongly influenced by climate and the geological materials, with the result that there is considerable natural variation in water quality.  When we add the activities of man, the possible range of water quality possibilities becomes rather large.  Consequently, water quality must also be analysed on a stream system basis.  Such analysis is outside the scope of this manual, which concentrates on simulation of physical habitat based on depth, velocity, and a channel index.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The results form PHABSIM can be used alone or by using a series of habitat time series programs that have been developed to generate monthly or daily habitat time series from the Weighted Usable Area versus streamflow table resulting from the habitat simulation programs and streamflow time series data.  Monthly and daily streamflow time series may be obtained from USGS gages near the study site or as the output of river system management models.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Updike, M.A., and Schneider, D.M., 1989, Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II, v. 89, no. 16, 403 p.","productDescription":"403 p.","numberOfPages":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cfe4b044dc0e828981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Diane M.","contributorId":107206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70231495,"text":"70231495 - 1989 - Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T16:13:25.913677","indexId":"70231495","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:10:05","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the salinity variations in vent fluids of seafloor geothermal systems. New experiments reacting diabase and evolved seawater were carried out to reproduce earlier published observations of Cl depletions attributed to formation of an ephemeral Cl-bearing mineral. The absence of any Cl depletions in the present study suggests that the formation of Cl-bearing minerals is not sufficiently widespread to account for the observed salinity variations in the vent fluids. A re-evaluation of both field and laboratory evidence has led to a new model for subseafloor circulation that accounts for salinity variations as well as other chemical and mineralogic observations. In place of a simple single-pass convection system, we propose that the seafloor systems consist of two vertically nested convection cells in which a brine layer at depth heats and drives an overlying seawater cell. Such layering of salinities, a process known in fluid mechanics as double-diffusive convection, is an expected result when convection is induced in saline fluids. The process provides for stable high-temperature heat transfer upward from the cracking front adjacent to the magma, and for limited chemical exchange of the brine with the overlying seawater to explain salinity variations and high metal contents in the vent fluids. The brine also provides an effective medium to produce the secondary mineral assemblages observed in rocks from the mid-ocean ridges and ophiolites unsuccessfully produced in laboratory studies using seawater. The brine originates from the two-phase separation of seawater during magmatic/tectonic events and accumulates and remains relatively stable in the region immediately above the magma chamber.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629338","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1989, Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection: Journal of Geology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 613-623, https://doi.org/10.1086/629338.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123396,"text":"70123396 - 1989 - Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:09:39","indexId":"70123396","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:06:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the second U.S.- U.S.S.R.symposium on air pollution effects on vegetation including forested ecosystems","conferenceTitle":"Air pollution effects on vegetation including forest ecosystems","conferenceDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Bromall, PA","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Bromall, PA","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C.M., and Stohlgren, T., 1989, Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad39e4b09baad27cdb5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C. M.","contributorId":58231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123395,"text":"70123395 - 1989 - Effects of varying fire regimes on annual grasslands in the southern Sierra Nevada of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T14:31:43","indexId":"70123395","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:04:08","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of varying fire regimes on annual grasslands in the southern Sierra Nevada of California","docAbstract":"Effects of up to three successive spring and fall burns on composition and biomass of the predominantly non-native grasslands of the southern Sierra Nevada foothills were evaluated. Fall and spring burning regimes increased the number and biomass of both alien and native forb species. No native grass species became established following the treatments. Thus, whereas the biomass of alien grass species can be reduced by repeated burning, they will be replaced by increases in both alien and native forbs. Changes seen following one or two burns (spring or fall) were not sustained following cessation of burning treatment.","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Parsons, D.J., and Stohlgren, T.J., 1989, Effects of varying fire regimes on annual grasslands in the southern Sierra Nevada of California: Madroño, v. 36, no. 3, p. 154-168.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74d8e4b01535cb42763e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, David J.","contributorId":39249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123390,"text":"70123390 - 1989 - Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:48:17","indexId":"70123390","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T10:44:49","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians","docAbstract":"We compared occurrence and abundance of four species of aquatic amphibians in 23 streams flowing through uncut forests to 20 streams flowing through forests logged between 14 and 40 years prior to the study. Species richness was highest in streams in uncut forests. Eleven streams in uncut forests contained all four species, and only two of these streams had fewer than three species present. Eleven streams in logged stands had one or no species present, and only one contained all four species. Density and biomass of all four species were significantly greater (2–7 X) in streams in uncut forests. Physical comparisons between types of streams were similar, except that streams in logged stands had generally smaller substrata, resulting from increased sedimentation. Densities of Pacific giant salamanders (<i>Dicamptodon ensatus</i>) and Olympic salamanders (<i>Rhyacotriton olymoicus</i>) were positively correlated with stream gradient in logged stands, but not in uncut forests, suggesting that the disruptive effects of increased sedimentation are greatest in low-gradient streams. Tailed frogs (<i>Ascaphus truei</i>) and Dunn's salamanders (<i>Plethodon dunni</i>) occurred more often in streams in logged stands when uncut timber was present upstream, but neither density nor biomass of any species were related to either presence of uncut timber upstream or years since logging. Logging upstream from uncut forests also had no effect on the presence, density or biomass of any species. Tailed frogs and Olympic salamanders may be extirpated from headwaters traversing clearcuts; these streams should be afforded some protection in plans for managed forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1989, Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 39-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293368,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74f9e4b01535cb4278cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003448,"text":"1003448 - 1989 - Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T15:52:45.571688","indexId":"1003448","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty adult (3.2–8.6 kg) striped bass&nbsp;</span><i>Morone saxatilis</i><span>&nbsp;were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked for up to 475 d in 9,510‐hectare Lake Whitney, a Texas reservoir, to determine seasonal distribution, migration patterns, and water temperatures occupied. Striped bass distribution in summer was limited to an area near the dam, where they survived temperatures as high as 29.0°C. Tagged fish generally were found in the coolest water available (27.0–29.0°C) that contained adequate dissolved oxygen (&gt;4.0 mg/L) in summer and occupied the warmest water (7.4–8.8°C) in winter. For the rest of the year, the fish were distributed throughout available water temperatures. Beginning in autumn, most striped bass moved up the reservoir to and into the main tributaries and remained there until spring, when they returned to the main reservoir. No spawning run up main tributaries was observed in either of the two study years, possibly due to low inflows. Individual fish displayed a preference for certain areas to which they returned yearly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0523:DAMOAS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Farquhar, B., and Gutreuter, S., 1989, Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 5, p. 523-532, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0523:DAMOAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Whitney","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.4972853923916,\n              32.0912953267939\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.51877266727945,\n              32.025170560623884\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.47519137366199,\n              32.001552954403174\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41850917518606,\n              31.98288345908873\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.46301482490055,\n              31.937659040205418\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.39541152150287,\n              31.849190787907816\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.35095629653188,\n              31.862217198718824\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32420003898305,\n              31.92219562527037\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.38844457493616,\n              31.946338450366742\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.34366487152192,\n              32.00576094026322\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.46409691535995,\n              32.05412778930837\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42296900847364,\n              32.10983744264624\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.46231119475475,\n              32.107961345583576\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.4972853923916,\n              32.0912953267939\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farquhar, B.W.","contributorId":59399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015354,"text":"70015354 - 1989 - Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:01:14.413921","indexId":"70015354","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","docAbstract":"Two sediment cores were taken from the Rochester Basin of eastern Lake Ontario and analyzed for the radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs and several high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). The two sites are geographically proximate but differ in sedimentation rate, permitting sedimentation-dependent processes to be factored out. The 210Pb chronology showed a mixed depth of 3-5 cm and an intrinsic time resolution of 11-14 years. Vertically integrated numbers of deposit-feeding oligochaete worms and burrowing organisms are insufficient to homogenize the sediment on the time scale of CH inputs, which are non steady state. U.S. production and sales of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, Mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), as determinants of the shape of the input function, adequately predict the overall shape and, in many cases, details in the sedimentary profile. Sediment focusing factors (FF) inferred from 137Cs and 210Pb inventories averaged 1.17 and 1.74 for cores E-30 and G-32, respectively. This permitted CH accumulation rates to be corrected for focusing. Apparent molecular diffusion coefficients modeled for many of the CHs were about (1-3) ?? 10-9 cm2/s.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00067a009","usgsCitation":"Eisenreich, S.J., Capel, P.D., Robbins, J.A., and Bourbonniere, R., 1989, Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1116-1126, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00067a009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1126","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e672e4b0c8380cd47434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenreich, Steven J.","contributorId":66001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourbonniere, R.","contributorId":61572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourbonniere","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175215,"text":"70175215 - 1989 - Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T16:32:25.602528","indexId":"70175215","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interstitial water profiles of SeO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup><span>, SeO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup><span>, SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup><span>, and Cl</span><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;in anoxic sediments indicated removal of the seleno-oxyanions by a near-surface process unrelated to sulfate reduction. In sediment slurry experiments, a complete reductive removal of SeO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;occurred under anaerobic conditions, was more rapid with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;or acetate, and was inhibited by O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>, MnO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, or autoclaving but not by SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;or FeOOH. Oxidation of acetate in sediments could be coupled to selenate but not to molybdate. Reduction of selenate to elemental selenium was determined to be the mechanism for loss from solution. Selenate reduction was inhibited by tungstate and chromate but not by molybdate. A small quantity of the elemental selenium precipitated into sediments from solution could be resolublized by oxidation with either nitrate or FeOOH, but not with MnO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. A bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments demonstrated selenate-dependent growth on acetate, forming elemental selenium and carbon dioxide as respiratory end products. These results indicate that dissimilatory selenate reduction to elemental selenium is the major sink for selenium oxyanions in anoxic sediments. In addition, they suggest application as a treatment process for removing selenium oxyanions from wastewaters and also offer an explanation for the presence of selenite in oxic waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Hollibaugh, J., Maest, A.S., Presser, T.S., Miller, L., and Culbertson, C.W., 1989, Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2333-2343, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.81161865745477,\n              34.87820418385651\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62485107932994,\n              35.166108724612116\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.58090576682974,\n              35.426145028011504\n       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,{"id":70221499,"text":"70221499 - 1989 - High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T19:42:10.856571","indexId":"70221499","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-31T14:38:11","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"<p>Theories t<span>hat explain the extinctions characterizing the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary</span><sup>1-3</sup><span>&nbsp;need to be tested by analyses of thoroughly sampled biotas. Palynological studies are the primary means for stratigraphic placement of the terrestrial boundary and for estimates of plant extinction</span><sup>4-12</sup><span>, but have not been combined with quantitative analyses of fossil leaves (megaflora). Megafloral studies complement palynology by representing local floras with assemblages capable of high taxonomic resolution</span><sup>13</sup><span>, but have previously lacked the sample size and stratigraphic spacing needed to resolve latest Cretaceous floral history</span><sup>5,14-18</sup><span>. We have now combined megafloral data from a 100-m-thick composite K/T boundary section in North Dakota with detailed palynological analysis. Here the boundary is marked by a 30% palynofloral extinction coincident with iridium and shocked-mineral anomalies and lies&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>2 m above the highest dinosaur remains. The megaflora undergoes a 79% turnover across the boundary, and smaller changes 17- and 25-m below it. This pattern is consistent with latest Cretaceous climatic warming preceding a bolide impact.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/340708a0","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.R., Nichols, D.J., Attrep, M., and Orth, C.J., 1989, High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 340, p. 708-711, https://doi.org/10.1038/340708a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"711","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"340","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attrep, M. Jr.","contributorId":30760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attrep","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015369,"text":"70015369 - 1989 - High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T15:57:12.476995","indexId":"70015369","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theories that explain the extinctions characterizing the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary</span><sup>1-3</sup><span>&nbsp;need to be tested by analyses of thoroughly sampled biotas. Palynological studies are the primary means for stratigraphic placement of the terrestrial boundary and for estimates of plant extinction</span><sup>4-12</sup><span>, but have not been combined with quantitative analyses of fossil leaves (megaflora). Megafloral studies complement palynology by representing local floras with assemblages capable of high taxonomic resolution</span><sup>13</sup><span>, but have previously lacked the sample size and stratigraphic spacing needed to resolve latest Cretaceous floral history</span><sup>5,14-18</sup><span>. We have now combined megafloral data from a 100-m-thick composite K/T boundary section in North Dakota with detailed palynological analysis. Here the boundary is marked by a 30% palynofloral extinction coincident with iridium and shocked-mineral anomalies and lies&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>2 m above the highest dinosaur remains. The megaflora undergoes a 79% turnover across the boundary, and smaller changes 17- and 25-m below it. This pattern is consistent with latest Cretaceous climatic warming preceding a bolide impact.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/340708a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., Nichols, D.J., Attrep, M., and Orth, C.J., 1989, High-resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 340, no. 6236, p. 708-711, https://doi.org/10.1038/340708a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"711","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Little Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.03171884593606,\n              46.288871222571004\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.03171884593606,\n              45.95884510110585\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.86883539666188,\n              45.95884510110585\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.86883539666188,\n              46.288871222571004\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.03171884593606,\n              46.288871222571004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"340","issue":"6236","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a310de4b0c8380cd5dbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.R.","contributorId":28599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attrep, M. Jr.","contributorId":30760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attrep","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25213,"text":"25213 - 1989 - Effect of sewage sludge on nutrient and toxic metal content of soil and selected crops grown on tropical soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T10:45:15","indexId":"25213","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-30T10:44:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effect of sewage sludge on nutrient and toxic metal content of soil and selected crops grown on tropical soils","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Mayagüez, PR","doi":"10.3133/25213","issn":"0364-7064","usgsCitation":"Cavallaro, N., and Villarrubia, J.A., 1989, Effect of sewage sludge on nutrient and toxic metal content of soil and selected crops grown on tropical soils, iii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/25213.","productDescription":"iii, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c64d86e4b0001bd514775b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavallaro, Nancy","contributorId":86697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavallaro","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarrubia, Jose A.","contributorId":66603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarrubia","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188701,"text":"70188701 - 1989 - IGC Field Trip T218: Geomorphology, neotectonics, and process studies in the Rappahannock River basin, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T11:58:34.261555","indexId":"70188701","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"IGC Field Trip T218: Geomorphology, neotectonics, and process studies in the Rappahannock River basin, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology, Neotectonics and Process Studies in the Rappahannock River Basin, Virginia: Marshall to Oak Grove, Virginia, July 15-16, 1989","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"","usgsCitation":"Pavich, M.J., Jacobson, 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