{"pageNumber":"4561","pageRowStart":"114000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70198925,"text":"70198925 - 1989 - Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T16:39:11","indexId":"70198925","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-07T16:31:52","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Most studies in the USA of vegetation alteration and human impact along trails have been located in large western wilderness areas. The objective of this study was to determine vegetation changes occurring along trails in an eastern ecosystem supporting second-growth deciduous forest. The location of this study was Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, which has a long history of trail use by humans. Located in different sections of the park, ten trails were chosen as study areas. In each, transects were established to measure ground flora in trailside, transition, and undisturbed areas perpendicular to the trail. Field data were collected on frequency, life-form, and percent cover for ground flora of 25 cm or less in height. Cover and species diversity increased toward the trail in eight out often cases. Competition for light and resistance to trampling were thought to influence the occurrence of plants along the transect. Plants found along the trail border were represented by low growthforms, early blooming, or graminoid characteristics, and hemicryptophyte, therophyte, or chamaephyte life-forms. Plants found in the undisturbed zone were represented by scattered cover and frequency, woody growth forms or delicate herbaceous forms, and phanerophyte or geophyte life-forms.</p>","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(89)90119-5","usgsCitation":"Hall, C.N., and Kuss, F.R., 1989, Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Biological Conservation, v. 48, no. 3, p. 211-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90119-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a822607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Christine N.","contributorId":207287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuss, Fred R.","contributorId":207288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuss","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003079,"text":"1003079 - 1989 - Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:01:12.137005","indexId":"1003079","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment","docAbstract":"The cumulative effects of collection, handling, and marking with fluorescent pigment on the mortality of  adult minnows, young-of-the-year centrarchids, and large centrarchids and percids was determined at five  water temperatures (10-20.6 degree C) in field trials. There have been few field trials of this type. The mortality  of centrarchids and percids was directly related to temperature and decreased noticeably when the temperature  was below 19.5 degree C. The mortality of minnows decreased somewhat as river temperatures cooled but was  always at least 50%. Variation was high in the temperature-related patterns of mortality in different taxa and  sizes of fish. This variation complicates the accuracy and usefulness of pigment in marking field-collected fish  for mark-recapture studies in warmwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0341:EOWTOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holland Bartels, L.E., Dewey, M.R., and Zigler, S.J., 1989, Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 341-344, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0341:EOWTOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003432,"text":"1003432 - 1989 - Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T15:35:42.99655","indexId":"1003432","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness ofchemical treatments of the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, in reducing the number of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys&nbsp;</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>&nbsp;migrating to Lake Huron and to estimate total numbers of migrants produced before and after treatment. Sea lampreys were captured during their downstream migration in a single fyke net fished in the same location from September 1963 through August 1975. The catch, which averaged 3,474 sea lampreys (range, 3,248-3,913) during four migration periods (September-June) before treatment in 1968, declined to 4 during the 1974-1975 migration period. Markrecapture studies were conducted to determine the capture efficiency of the net for recently metamorphosed sea lampreys and to estimate the total downstream migration for each migration period. Estimated downstream migrations before treatment averaged 62,036 sea lampreys (range, 58,000-69,875) for four migration periods and declined to 71 during the 1974-1975 migration period. Catches were usually greater in fall than in spring. The fall peak in migratory activity was in November or December, and the spring peak was in April; both peaks occurred while water levels were high and water temperatures were near 5°C.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0327:DMORMS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L.H., and Swink, W.D., 1989, Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 327-331, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0327:DMORMS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Ocqueoc River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.13226726213979,\n              45.49924610767525\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.13226726213979,\n              45.43527552400957\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04005583213862,\n              45.43527552400957\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04005583213862,\n              45.49924610767525\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.13226726213979,\n              45.49924610767525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68848d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Lee H.","contributorId":67833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123385,"text":"70123385 - 1989 - Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T10:09:10","indexId":"70123385","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-01T10:04:58","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types","docAbstract":"We investigated the effects of herbage removal on three subalpine meadow plant communities in the Rock Creek drainage of Sequoia National Park, California, USA. In the xeric <i>Carex exserta</i> Mkze. (short-hair sedge) type, annual aboveground productivity averaged 19 g/m<sup>2</sup> in control plots (clipped once after plant senescence in late September) over a five-year period. Annual aboveground productivity was enhanced about 30%–35% when plots in this community type were clipped more frequently (i.e., “additional” herbage removal in the early, mid, and late seasons) during each of four treatment years but was reduced by 13%–19% during a fifth (recovery) year in which all but late September clipping was suspended. In a moderately mesic <i>Eleocharis pauciflora</i> (Lightf.) Link. (few-flowered spike rush)-<i>Calamagrostis breweri</i> Thurb. (short-hair grass) type, control plot productivity averaged 115 g/m<sup>2</sup>/yr and was reduced by 20–30% by the additional herbage removal. A more mesic <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> (L.) Beauv. (tufted hairgrass)-<i>Carex rostrata</i> Stokes, (beaked sedge) type had the greatest mean above-ground productivity (169 g/m<sup>2</sup>/yr) but also showed damage (i.e., decrease in productivity by 15%–20%) caused by the additional herbage removal. These data suggest that long-term, intensive herbage removal may be more detrimental to moderately mesic and mesic subalpine meadow community types than to xeric types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01867682","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., DeBenedetti, S.H., and Parsons, D.J., 1989, Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types: Environmental Management, v. 13, no. 4, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867682.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293363,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867682"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.919577,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.291376 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74d7e4b01535cb42762a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBenedetti, Steven H.","contributorId":28906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBenedetti","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, David J.","contributorId":39249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70233981,"text":"70233981 - 1989 - Seismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:46:11.858978","indexId":"70233981","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-01T09:36:48","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1193/1.1585212","usgsCitation":"Filson, J.R., Borcherdt, R.D., Langer, C., and Simpson, D., 1989, Seismology: Earthquake Spectra, v. 5, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585212.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Armenia","otherGeospatial":"Caucasus Mountains, Lesser Caucasus highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              43.8409423828125,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              45.03570556640625,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              45.03570556640625,\n              40.88860081193033\n            ],\n            [\n              43.8409423828125,\n              40.88860081193033\n            ],\n            [\n              43.8409423828125,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filson, John R. 0000-0001-8840-6301 jfilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6301","contributorId":5078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filson","given":"John","email":"jfilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, C.","contributorId":98480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, D.","contributorId":294011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123376,"text":"70123376 - 1989 - Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T09:15:34","indexId":"70123376","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-01T09:13:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1381449","usgsCitation":"Meagher, M., 1989, Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 70, no. 3, p. 670-675, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381449.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"675","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293350,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381449"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a751ee4b01535cb427a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meagher, Mary","contributorId":50454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200584,"text":"70200584 - 1989 - Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T10:59:57","indexId":"70200584","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-31T13:53:07","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"South cascades arc volanism, California and southern Oregon: Red Bluff to Redding, California, July 20-226, 1989","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/FT312p0026","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., 1989, Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> South cascades arc volanism, California and southern Oregon: Red Bluff to Redding, California, July 20-226, 1989, v. 312, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/FT312p0026.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c45e4b034bf6a82260a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200574,"text":"70200574 - 1989 - IGC field trip T312: South cascades arc volcanism, California and southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T10:59:00","indexId":"70200574","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-31T12:45:25","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"IGC field trip T312: South cascades arc volcanism, California and southern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"South cascades arc volcanism, California and southern Oregon: Red Bluff to Redding, California, July 20-26, 1989","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/FT312p0001","issn":"19890101","usgsCitation":"Muffler, L.P., Bacon, C.R., Christiansen, R.L., Clynne, M.A., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Miller, C., Sherrod, D.R., and Smith, J., 1989, IGC field trip T312: South cascades arc volcanism, California and southern Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> South cascades arc volcanism, California and southern Oregon: Red Bluff to Redding, California, July 20-26, 1989, v. 312, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/FT312p0001.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","volume":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c45e4b034bf6a82260d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Cheryl cemiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":199835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cheryl","email":"cemiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, J.C.","contributorId":53498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70123149,"text":"70123149 - 1989 - Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:05:26","indexId":"70123149","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-17T11:03:53","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Water Conference","conferenceTitle":"National Water Conference","conferenceDate":"1989-07-17T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Newark, DE","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Thullen, J.S., 1989, Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c2e4b044dc0e82890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thullen, Joan S.","contributorId":92925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211100,"text":"70211100 - 1989 - Measures of little gravity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T18:44:50.860042","indexId":"70211100","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-14T13:39:09","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measures of little gravity","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/342862a0","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1989, Measures of little gravity: Nature, v. 342, p. 862-863, https://doi.org/10.1038/342862a0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"863","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007456,"text":"1007456 - 1989 - Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:58:25.889565","indexId":"1007456","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kelps are highly productive seaweeds found along most temperate latitude coastlines, but the fate and importance of kelp production to nearshore ecosystems are largely unknown. The trophic role of kelp-derived carbon in a wide range of marine organisms was assessed by a natural experiment. Growth rates of benthic suspension feeders were greatly increased in the presence of organic detritus (particulate and dissolved) originating from large benthic seaweeds (kelps). Stable carbon isotope analysis confirmed that kelp-derived carbon is found throughout the nearshore food web.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.245.4914.170","usgsCitation":"Duggins, D., Simenstad, C., and Estes, J.A., 1989, Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems: Science, v. 245, no. 4914, p. 170-173, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4914.170.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"245","issue":"4914","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duggins, D. O.","contributorId":39322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duggins","given":"D. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simenstad, C.A.","contributorId":6798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simenstad","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188702,"text":"70188702 - 1989 - Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T13:54:59","indexId":"70188702","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Study of slope movements triggered by the storm of November 3–5, 1985, in the central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., has helped to define the meteorologic conditions leading to slope movements and the relative importance of land cover, bedrock, surficial geology, and geomorphology in slope movement location. This long-duration rainfall at moderate intensities triggered more than 1,000 slope movements in a 1,040-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> study area. Most were shallow slips and slip-flows in thin colluvium and residuum on shale slopes. Locations of these failures were sensitive to land cover and slope aspect but were relatively insensitive to topographic setting. A few shallow slope movements were triggered by the same rainfall on interbedded limestone, shale, and sandstone. Several large debris slide-avalanches were triggered in sandstone regolith high on ridges in areas of the highest measured rainfall. Most of these sites were on slopes that dip 30 to 35° and lie parallel to bedding planes, presumably the sites of least stability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE236-p1","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Cron, E.D., and McGeehin, J.P., 1989, Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.: GSA Special Papers, v. 236, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE236-p1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Wills Mountains anticline study area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.75387573242188,\n              38.25651475638941\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.30068969726561,\n              38.88141217155417\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.38446044921875,\n              38.91988697357693\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.83489990234375,\n              38.29424797320529\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75387573242188,\n              38.25651475638941\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"236","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b7e4b062508e382bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cron, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":193169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70231506,"text":"70231506 - 1989 - Detection of coastal shoreline erosion using SPOT MSS data and ARC/INFO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T17:46:35.958372","indexId":"70231506","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-10T12:32:27","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detection of coastal shoreline erosion using SPOT MSS data and ARC/INFO","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"July 10-14, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1989.576360","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1989, Detection of coastal shoreline erosion using SPOT MSS data and ARC/INFO, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 12th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, v. 3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 10-14, 1989, p. 1656-1658, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1989.576360.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1656","endPage":"1658","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171263,"text":"70171263 - 1989 - Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:25:09","indexId":"70171263","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2561,"text":"Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, M., 1989, Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system: Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, v. 55, no. 1, p. 38-47.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-92.7894,45.297],[-92.7439,45.2963],[-92.7516,45.2935],[-92.7551,45.2927],[-92.7583,45.2904],[-92.7597,45.2872],[-92.7604,45.2845],[-92.7591,45.2794],[-92.7559,45.2739],[-92.7527,45.2694],[-92.7515,45.2657],[-92.7526,45.2626],[-92.7535,45.2584],[-92.7561,45.2541],[-92.7575,45.2502],[-92.7569,45.2443],[-92.7557,45.2397],[-92.7553,45.2356],[-92.7538,45.2305],[-92.7536,45.2276],[-92.7521,45.2236],[-92.752,45.2196],[-92.7527,45.2168],[-92.7546,45.2136],[-92.7573,45.2107],[-92.7603,45.2065],[-92.7619,45.2041],[-92.7632,45.2009],[-92.7637,45.1972],[-92.764,45.1895],[-92.7629,45.1853],[-92.7557,45.178],[-92.7522,45.1759],[-92.7493,45.173],[-92.748,45.1698],[-92.7472,45.1634],[-92.7483,45.1597],[-92.7475,45.1551],[-92.7473,45.1515],[-92.7484,45.1483],[-92.749,45.1419],[-92.7484,45.1373],[-92.7441,45.1264],[-92.7415,45.1172],[-92.7422,45.1135],[-92.7446,45.11],[-92.7467,45.1076],[-92.7513,45.1045],[-92.7591,45.0999],[-92.7624,45.0972],[-92.7803,45.0849],[-92.7847,45.083],[-92.7885,45.0806],[-92.7917,45.0791],[-92.795,45.0772],[-92.7982,45.0746],[-92.8001,45.0723],[-92.8019,45.0647],[-92.8016,45.0597],[-92.8005,45.0567],[-92.7984,45.0531],[-92.7952,45.0499],[-92.7926,45.0481],[-92.7881,45.0453],[-92.7837,45.0421],[-92.7745,45.0373],[-92.7707,45.0344],[-92.7683,45.0325],[-92.7645,45.0265],[-92.7639,45.0237],[-92.7639,45.0196],[-92.7682,45.0005],[-92.7694,44.9909],[-92.7686,44.9796],[-92.7646,44.9711],[-92.7547,44.9571],[-92.7527,44.9527],[-92.7523,44.9481],[-92.753,44.9369],[-92.7534,44.9237],[-92.7547,44.9159],[-92.7569,44.9105],[-92.7606,44.9068],[-92.7645,44.9046],[-92.767,44.9039],[-92.7707,44.9023],[-92.7729,44.901],[-92.775,44.8982],[-92.7738,44.8933],[-92.7689,44.8848],[-92.7632,44.8759],[-92.7628,44.8716],[-92.763,44.8671],[-92.7644,44.8622],[-92.7682,44.8554],[-92.7683,44.853],[-92.7671,44.8494],[-92.7652,44.8462],[-92.7646,44.8423],[-92.7644,44.8382],[-92.766,44.8308],[-92.7679,44.8265],[-92.7719,44.8211],[-92.7751,44.8161],[-92.7784,44.8125],[-92.7801,44.8095],[-92.781,44.8056],[-92.7823,44.8029],[-92.783,44.7966],[-92.7858,44.7893],[-92.7909,44.7842],[-92.7993,44.7765],[-92.802,44.7729],[-92.8046,44.7683],[-92.8059,44.7624],[-92.8073,44.7524],[-92.8061,44.7483],[-92.8054,44.7473],[-92.8022,44.7446],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.9091,44.5446],[-93.9117,44.5492],[-93.9078,44.5528],[-93.9027,44.5524],[-93.9008,44.5492],[-93.8956,44.5483],[-93.8937,44.5515],[-93.8963,44.5561],[-93.9008,44.5606],[-93.8996,44.5647],[-93.8957,44.5675],[-93.8958,44.5711],[-93.8996,44.5743],[-93.8958,44.5775],[-93.8939,44.5807],[-93.8959,44.5871],[-93.8991,44.5903],[-93.8908,44.5962],[-93.8857,44.5967],[-93.8838,44.6012],[-93.878,44.6013],[-93.878,44.6077],[-93.8716,44.6063],[-93.8658,44.6063],[-93.8569,44.6168],[-93.8563,44.6218],[-93.8505,44.6219],[-93.8447,44.6201],[-93.8422,44.6233],[-93.8358,44.6242],[-93.8319,44.6251],[-93.8217,44.6297],[-93.8031,44.6366],[-93.7999,44.6361],[-93.7967,44.6343],[-93.7935,44.6311],[-93.7883,44.632],[-93.78,44.6362],[-93.7768,44.6385],[-93.7729,44.6366],[-93.7723,44.6325],[-93.7691,44.6312],[-93.7665,44.6362],[-93.7685,44.6417],[-93.7686,44.675],[-93.8887,44.6756],[-93.8902,44.7185],[-94.0104,44.719],[-94.0085,44.8947],[-94.0136,44.8951],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e30e4b07e28b664dba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenberg, M.E.","contributorId":66284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123383,"text":"70123383 - 1989 - Thirty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union </i>Check-list of North American birds</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T17:26:39","indexId":"70123383","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-01T09:49:22","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thirty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union </i>Check-list of North American birds</i>","docAbstract":"This third supplement subsequent to the 6th edition (1983) of the A.O.U. \"Check-list of North American Birds\" consists of changes adopted by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature as of 1 March 1989.  The changes fall into nine categories: (1) six species are added to the main list (<i>Pterodroma longirostris, Larus crassirostris, Streptopelia decaocto, Cocccyzus julieni, Chrysolampis mosquitus, Emberiza aureola</i>) because of new distributional information; (2) five species (<i>Ara cubensis, Chlorostilbon bracei, Empidonax occidentalis, Polioptila californica, Pipilo crissalis</i>) are added to the main list because of the splitting of species already on the list; (3) one name (<i>Anthus rubescens</i>) is changed because of the splitting of a species from outside the Checklist area; (4) two names (<i>Morus bassanus, Nyctanassa violacea</i>) is removed from the main list to Appendix B because of re-evaluation of Northern Hemisphere records; (6) three species (<i>Pterodrama rostrata, P. alba, P. solandri</i>) are moved from Appendix A to Appendix B, and one (<i>P. defilippiana</i>) is added to Appendix B because of questionable sight records; (7)A.O.U. numbers are added to three species (<i>Ciccaba virgata, Myiopagis viridicata, Molothrus bonariensis</i>) on the basis on new distributional records or supporting data; (8) several corrections in spelling or citations are made; and (9) English names are changed for twelve species to accommodate worldwide usage of these names.  No new distributional information is included except as indicated above (i.e. minor changes of distribution are not noted).  These actions bring the number of species recognized as occurring in North America (main list) to 1,945.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Monroe, B., Banks, R.C., Fitzpatrick, J.W., Howell, T.R., Johnson, N.K., Ouellet, H., Remsen, J., and Storer, R.W., 1989, Thirty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union </i>Check-list of North American birds</i>: The Auk, v. 106, no. 3, p. 532-538.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087899 "}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7579e4b01535cb427d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Burt L.","contributorId":18685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Burt L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, John W.","contributorId":52497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, Thomas R.","contributorId":81032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Ned K.","contributorId":77462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ned","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ouellet, Henri","contributorId":40527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellet","given":"Henri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Remsen, J.V.","contributorId":76430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Storer, Robert W.","contributorId":15121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70015073,"text":"70015073 - 1989 - An interpretation of differences between field and laboratory pH values reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network monitoring program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:01:48.519394","indexId":"70015073","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interpretation of differences between field and laboratory pH values reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network monitoring program","docAbstract":"<p>Differences between field and laboratory pH values reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) monitoring program from 1984 through 1986 are investigated. Median differences in hydrogen ion concentration between laboratory and field pH determinations at sites averaged -4.6 <i><span>μ</span></i>equiv/L in natural precipitation samples on an annual basis. The median difference found in external quality assurance samples analyzed during the same time period was -11 <i><span>μ</span></i>equiv/L. The results suggest a systematic bias in pH values reported by the NADP/NTN network. The bias appears to have a fixed component of approximately -7 <i><span>μ</span></i>equiv/L, which can be attributed to the sampling bucket and lid, and a seasonal and regional component that ranges from +4 to -22 <i><span>μ</span></i>equiv/L at the 10th and 90th percentiles. Differences were found to be independent of sample pH and sample volume. The magnitude of the bias has implications for the interpretation of previously published pH and hydrogen ion concentration and deposition values in the western United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00065a018","usgsCitation":"Bigelow, D.S., Sisterson, D.L., and Schroder, L.J., 1989, An interpretation of differences between field and laboratory pH values reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network monitoring program: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23, no. 7, p. 881-887, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00065a018.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"881","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea86e4b0c8380cd4890c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bigelow, David S.","contributorId":21077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisterson, D. L.","contributorId":7848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroder, LeRoy J. J.","contributorId":118995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"LeRoy","suffix":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015345,"text":"70015345 - 1989 - Development rates of Late Quaternary soils, Silver Lake playa, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:15:23.970531","indexId":"70015345","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development rates of Late Quaternary soils, Silver Lake playa, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soils formed on alluvial fan deposits that range in age from about 35 000 to 200 yr BP near Silver Lake playa in the Mojave Desert permit study of the rates of soil development in an arid, hyperthermic climate. Field-described properties of soils were quantified and analyzed using a soil development index that combines properties and horizon thicknesses. We compared the variability in index values from five independent descriptions of the same soil profile with the variability in values from four soils of the same age described by different people. The variability due to description accounts for between 30 and 80% of the total variability (that due to both the soils and description) for the properties described, which emphasizes the need for consistent soil descriptions. Pedogenic CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;(as indicated by color), pH increase, and dry consistence appear to change with age at linear rates, whereas rubification appears to change at a logarithmic rate. The linear rates are best attributed to the progressive accumulation of CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>- and salt-rich eolian dust derived from the playa and other more distant sources. The total-texture values of soils on fans older than 10 000 yr BP are similar, which suggests that playas in this area may have been wet enough to restrict the availability of fines from these sources for many thousands of years prior to 10 000 yr BP. Index values for most properties of soils on the lower fans adjacent to the playa increase at faster rates than those of soils of the same age on the upper fans farther from the playa, probably due to the proximity to this local dust source. Equations derived from regressions of soil age and properties can be used to estimate ages of undated, lithologically similar deposits in similar climates and geomorphic settings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300040024x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Harden, J., McFadden, L.D., and Shroba, R.R., 1989, Development rates of Late Quaternary soils, Silver Lake playa, California: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 53, no. 4, p. 1127-1140, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300040024x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1127","endPage":"1140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Silver Lake playa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.34194917237096,\n              35.424391395009465\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34194917237096,\n              35.20667985269796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12502303722472,\n              35.20667985269796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12502303722472,\n              35.424391395009465\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34194917237096,\n              35.424391395009465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007fe4b0c8380cd4f782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFadden, Leslie D.","contributorId":139971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":199678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70211213,"text":"70211213 - 1989 - Solute advection in stratified formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T19:49:31.080521","indexId":"70211213","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-29T14:42:08","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute advection in stratified formations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Advection‐dominated solute movement in stratified formations is investigated using a Lagrangian interpretation of particle motion. A probability density function (pdf) for particle position quantifies the expected depth‐integrated resident concentration. A pdf for particle arrival time quantifies the expected depth‐integrated rate of mass arrival, from which the flux‐averaged concentration can be defined. The difference between the flux‐averaged and resident concentrations is shown to be significant for the variability in the hydraulic conductivity that is commonly encountered in field applications. The influence of porosity variations on the advection‐dominated solute movement in stratified porous media is shown to be notable only for large variability in the effective porosity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/WR025i006p01283","usgsCitation":"Cvetkovic, V., and Shapiro, A.M., 1989, Solute advection in stratified formations: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1283-1289, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i006p01283.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1283","endPage":"1289","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cvetkovic, V.D.","contributorId":52335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cvetkovic","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222246,"text":"5222246 - 1989 - Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T16:15:14.180526","indexId":"5222246","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) and mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>)","title":"Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"<p><span>In winter, pen-reared and wild black ducks (</span><i>Anas rubripes</i><span>), and game farm and wild mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>), maintained on pelleted feed, were sham-dosed or given one number 4 lead shot. After 14 days, dosed birds were redosed with two or four additional lead shot. This dosing regimen also was repeated in summer using pen-reared black ducks and game farm mallards. Based upon mortality, overt intoxication, weight change, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and protoporphyrin concentration, black ducks and mallards were found to be equally tolerant to lead shot. However, captive wild ducks were more sensitive than their domesticated counterparts, as evidenced by greater mortality and weight loss following lead shot administration. This difference may be related to stress associated with captivity and unnatural diet.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.175","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Fleming, W.J., and Bunck, C., 1989, Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 25, no. 2, p. 175-183, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.175.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222287,"text":"5222287 - 1989 - Organochlorine contaminants in eggs of common terns from the Canadian Great Lakes, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T18:22:18.042204","indexId":"5222287","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-16T12:12:48","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine contaminants in eggs of common terns from the Canadian Great Lakes, 1981","docAbstract":"<p><span>To determine if contaminant levels in Common Terns had changed over the last decade, we collected and analyzed eggs from four nesting colonies on the three lower Great Lakes during 1981. DDE and PCBs were detected in every egg from the four colonies. Dieldrin, mirex and&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>-nonachlor were detected in more than 45% of the eggs. Seven other organochlorine contaminants (DDD, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane,&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i><span>-chlordane,&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i><span>-nonachlor and toxaphene) were detected in less than 25% of the eggs. Eggs from the Lake Ontario colony were generally the most heavily contaminated. Comparisons of DDE and PCB data with earlier studies of Common Terns indicated that contaminant levels in eggs from the four sampled colonies, or nearby sites, have decreased by up to 80–90% from 1969–1973 to 1981. Interspecies comparisons showed that Common Tern eggs have lower organochlorine residue levels than eggs of Caspian Terns or Herring Gulls. Dietary variation and migratory status are possible explanations for the differences in residue levels among species. Eggshell thickness, log-PCBs, and log-DDE were not significantly intercorrelated. Elevated contaminant levels in the early 1970s might be at least partly responsible for the decline of the Great Lakes Common Tern population over the past decade. Stabilization of population numbers during the early 1980s suggests that organochlorine pollution levels have been reduced to a point where they are no longer an important factor in the population dynamics of this species on the Great Lakes.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(89)90102-4","usgsCitation":"Weseloh, D.V., Custer, T., and Braune, B., 1989, Organochlorine contaminants in eggs of common terns from the Canadian Great Lakes, 1981: Environmental Pollution, v. 59, no. 2, p. 141-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90102-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.12736511230469,\n              42.18910091807955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.10985565185547,\n              42.18910091807955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.10985565185547,\n              42.24453120078182\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12736511230469,\n              42.24453120078182\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12736511230469,\n              42.18910091807955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.36042785644531,\n              43.607742266333425\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.29450988769531,\n              43.607742266333425\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.29450988769531,\n              43.65893055889356\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.36042785644531,\n              43.65893055889356\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.36042785644531,\n              43.607742266333425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.27803039550781,\n              42.86464121387493\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.22206878662108,\n              42.86464121387493\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.22206878662108,\n              42.88426623376866\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27803039550781,\n              42.88426623376866\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27803039550781,\n              42.86464121387493\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.54905414581299,\n              45.412219520895185\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52999973297119,\n              45.412219520895185\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52999973297119,\n              45.42062422307843\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.54905414581299,\n              45.42062422307843\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.54905414581299,\n              45.412219520895185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62db0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weseloh, D. V.","contributorId":57043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braune, B. M.","contributorId":102598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braune","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015072,"text":"70015072 - 1989 - Global positioning system measurements for crustal deformation: Precision and accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:08:44.168948","indexId":"70015072","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global positioning system measurements for crustal deformation: Precision and accuracy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of 27 repeated observations of Global Positioning System (GPS) position-difference vectors, up to 11 kilometers in length, indicates that the standard deviation of the measurements is 4 millimeters for the north component, 6 millimeters for the east component, and 10 to 20 millimeters for the vertical component. The uncertainty grows slowly with increasing vector length. At 225 kilometers, the standard deviation of the measurement is 6, 11, and 40 millimeters for the north, east, and up components, respectively. Measurements with GPS and Geodolite, an electromagnetic distance-measuring system, over distances of 10 to 40 kilometers agree within 0.2 part per million. Measurements with GPS and very long baseline interferometry of the 225-kilometer vector agree within 0.05 part per million.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4910.1337","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W.H., Davis, J., and Svarc, J.L., 1989, Global positioning system measurements for crustal deformation: Precision and accuracy: Science, v. 244, no. 4910, p. 1337-1340, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4910.1337.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1337","endPage":"1340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","issue":"4910","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2958e4b0c8380cd5a89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, William H.","contributorId":63788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.L.","contributorId":17378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210577,"text":"70210577 - 1989 - The crustal structure of the Wrangellia Terrane along the East Glenn Highway, eastern‐southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T16:51:12.301168","indexId":"70210577","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-10T11:42:19","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crustal structure of the Wrangellia Terrane along the East Glenn Highway, eastern‐southern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recently acquired seismic refraction data from eastern‐southern Alaska provide new information on the structure and composition of the Wrangellia and adjacent terranes. The data comprise a 160‐km‐long refraction profile along the East Glenn (Tok‐Cutoff) Highway that was collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's multidisciplinary Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect program. The upper 3 km of the Wrangellia terrane and associated rocks is characterized by low compressional wave velocities (V</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;= 1.9, 3.3, 4.6, 5.6 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and high‐velocity gradients common to most onshore seismic refraction profiles. There is also clear seismic expression of the West Fork fault system as a steep, down‐to‐the‐southwest fault that separates the Peninsular terrane to the southwest and the metamorphic complex of Gulkana River to the northeast. In contrast, no seismic expression occurs for the Paxson Lake fault, which separates the Wrangellia terrane from the metamorphic complex of Gulkana River. Adjacent to the Denali fault, within the Wrangellia terrane, two high‐velocity bodies (V</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.6 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) occur in the upper crust. One of these extends to ∼10‐km depth and correlates with a late Paleozoic dioritic complex, suggesting that the Wrangellia terrane is at least 10 km thick in this part of Alaska. From 5 to 23 km depth, the crust appears seismically homogeneous, with velocity increasing from V</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.2 to V</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.6 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Beneath this level, the crust is less well resolved, although evidence exists for a low‐velocity zone between 23 and 26 km and a possible southwest dipping interface at 35 km. No identifiable mantle refraction or reflection is observed, possibly indicating a crust as thick as 55 km. The relatively low seismic velocities in the upper 23 km of the crust compare favorably with laboratory‐measured velocities on pelitic schists and intermediate‐composition plutonic rocks (granites and granodiorites), both of which are recognized in Wrangellia. We interpret the seismic velocities to indicate that silicic‐to‐intermediate‐composition rocks are important constituents of the basement of this part of Wrangellia. Geologic evidence indicates that the Alaskan part of the Wrangellia terrane is a Paleozoic and Mesozoic island arc: our seismic evidence indicates it may have been built mostly on continental crust as opposed to the fragment of Wrangellia from Vancouver Island which was probably built on oceanic crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB11p16037","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, E., Fuis, G.S., Nokleberg, W.J., and Ambos, E.L., 1989, The crustal structure of the Wrangellia Terrane along the East Glenn Highway, eastern‐southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B11, p. 16037-16057, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB11p16037.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"16037","endPage":"16057","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern- Southern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.28125,\n              57.51582286553883\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.1875,\n              57.51582286553883\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.1875,\n              64.51064316846676\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.28125,\n              64.51064316846676\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.28125,\n              57.51582286553883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, E.B.","contributorId":225177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodwin","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ambos, E. L.","contributorId":23957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambos","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015365,"text":"70015365 - 1989 - Rhenium-osmium and samarium-neodymium isotopic systematics of the Stillwater Complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:16:03.342792","indexId":"70015365","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium and samarium-neodymium isotopic systematics of the Stillwater Complex","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isotopic data for the Stillwater Complex, Montana, which formed about 2700 Ma (million years ago), were obtained to evaluate the role of magma mixing in the formation of strategic platinum-group element (PGE) ore deposits. Neodymium and osmium isotopic data indicate that the intrusion formed from at least two geochemically distinct magmas. Ultramafic affinity (U-type) magmas had initial ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;of -0.8 to -3.2 and a chondritic initial&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os ratio of ∼0.88, whereas anorthositic affinity (A-type) magmas had ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;of -0.7 to +1.7 and an initial&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os ratio of ∼1.13. These data suggest that U-type magmas were derived from a lithospheric mantle source containing recycled crustal materials whereas A-type magmas originated either by crustal contamination of basaltic magmas or by partial melting of basalt in the lower crust. The Nd and Os isotopic data also suggest that Os, and probably the other PGEs in ore horizons such as the J-M Reef, was derived from A-type magmas. The Nd and Os isotopic heterogeneity observed in rocks below the J-M Reef also suggests that A-type magmas were injected into the Stillwater U-type magma chamber at several stages during the development of the Ultramafic series.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4909.1169","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lambert, D., Morgan, J.W., Walker, R.J., Shirey, S., Carlson, R.W., Zientek, M.L., and Koski, M., 1989, Rhenium-osmium and samarium-neodymium isotopic systematics of the Stillwater Complex: Science, v. 244, no. 4909, p. 1169-1174, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4909.1169.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.04857629231867,\n              46.36606180389089\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.04857629231867,\n              44.98054525730197\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.80114252075444,\n              44.98054525730197\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.80114252075444,\n              46.36606180389089\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.04857629231867,\n              46.36606180389089\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"244","issue":"4909","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad34e4b0c8380cd86e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, D.D.","contributorId":71700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, John W.","contributorId":88077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Richard J.","contributorId":117844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shirey, S.B.","contributorId":69712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirey","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L.","contributorId":39236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koski, M.S.","contributorId":90882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70123426,"text":"70123426 - 1989 - Correspondence between vegetation and soils in wetlands and nearby uplands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:37:40","indexId":"70123426","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T13:36:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correspondence between vegetation and soils in wetlands and nearby uplands","docAbstract":"The association between vegetation and soils from a geographically broad sampling of wetlands and adjoining uplands is reported for 38 hydric and 26 nonhydric soils, as recognized in the hydric soils list of the Soil Conservation Service. Wetlands represented in the study include estuaries, pitcher plant bogs, prairie depressional wetlands, and western riparian lands. The agreement between vegetation and soils is clear with few exceptions. In general, hydric soils support hydrophytic plant communities, and nonhydric soils support upland communities. Only 10% of the hydric soils sampled support upland communities and only 15% of the nonhydric soils support wetland communities. Exceptions to the correspondence between vegetation and soils are discussed; local hydrology, the transitional nature of some soils, and other determinants of wetland vegetation structure (e.g., salinity, disturbance) seem to account for many of the observed discrepancies. A method that simplifies the complexity of soils and vegetation cannot be expected to represent accurately all details of their interrelations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03160767","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Slauson, W.L., Segelquist, C.A., and Auble, G.T., 1989, Correspondence between vegetation and soils in wetlands and nearby uplands: Wetlands, v. 9, no. 1, p. 41-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160767.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293405,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03160767"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74c3e4b01535cb42757b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slauson, William L.","contributorId":78652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slauson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123422,"text":"70123422 - 1989 - Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:48:52","indexId":"70123422","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T13:16:02","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 80(40.26)","title":"Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry","docAbstract":"<p>Acid deposition may be detrimental or stressful to native populations of wildlife.  Because many species of amphibians breed in shallow ponds created by spring rains or melting snow, they may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of acidification.  From 1986 to 1988, we surveyed 105 locations in the central Rocky Mountains where amphibians had been recorded previously, and we found that two species of amphibians had experiences major losses.  We found the northern leopard frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>) at only 4 of 33 (12%) historically known localities, and the boreal toad (<i>Bufo boreas</i>) was present at 10 of 59 (17%) known localities.  Three other species have not suffered region-wide declines.  Tiger salamanders (<i>Ambystoma tigrinum</i>) and wood frogs (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>) were present at 45% and 69% of known localities respectively, and were observed at several localities were they had not been recorded previously.  Chorus frogs (<i>Pseudacris triseriata</i>) suffered a catastrophic decline in population size in one population monitored since 1961, but regionally, this species was observed in 36 of 56 (64%) known localities and in another 19 localities where there were no previous records.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Complete water chemistry was recorded for 41 localities, and pH was measured at 110 sites in total.  Acid neutralizing capacity, pH, specific conductivity, and cation concentrations were negatively correlated with elevation.  However, in mountain ponds and lakes, pH was rarely less than 6.0 during the amphibian breeding season.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>We tested the tolerance of embryos of the four species of frogs to low pH.  The LC<sub><i>50</i></sub> pH was 4.8 for chorus frogs, 4.4-4.7 for leopard frogs, 4.4-4.5 for boreal toads, and 4.2-4.3 for wood frogs.  Survival of wood frog embryos declined when exposed to aluminum concentrations of 100 µg/L or greater, but boreal toad embryos survived exposure to aluminum concentrations of 400 µg/L.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Acid deposition does not appear to be a major factor in the decline of leopard frogs and boreal toads.  However, we have not yet investigated effects of sublethal pH on growth and development of tadpoles.  Pollution remains suspect, but other factors, including natural fluctuations in population size, may account for the observed declines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Stolzenburg, W., and Bury, R.B., 1989, Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.99,36.99 ], [ -110.99,44.96 ], [ -102.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -110.99,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad34e4b09baad27cdb46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolzenburg, William","contributorId":60135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolzenburg","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}