We tested the hypotheses that mass at fledging and fledge date within the breeding season affect postfledging survival in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Nestlings were weighed on day 18 after hatch and tagged with individually identifiable patagial tags. Fledge date was recorded. Marked fledglings were resighted during weekly two—day intensive observation periods for >9 wk postfledging. Postfledging survival and sighting probabilities were estimated for each of four groups (early or late fledging by heavy or light fledging mass). Body mass was related to postfledging survival for birds that fledged early. Results were not clear—cut for relative fledge date, although there was weak evidence that this also influenced survival. Highest survival probability estimates occurred in the EARLY—HEAVY group while the lowest survival estimate occurred in the LATE—NIGHT group. Sighting probabilities differed significantly among groups, emphasizing the need to estimate and compare survival using models which explicitly incorporate sighting probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940216","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Nichols, J.D., and Hines, J.E., 1989, Postfledging survival of European starlings: Ecology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 646-655, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940216.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123398,"text":"70123398 - 1989 - Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:18:57","indexId":"70123398","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T11:13:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(17)","title":"Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","docAbstract":"This document provides guidance to the user of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP). Planning a temperature study is discussed in terms of understanding the management objectives and ensuring that the questions will be accurately answered with the modeling approach being used.
\nA sensitivity analysis of SNTEMP is presented to illustrate which input variables are most important in predicting stream temperatures. This information helps prioritize data collection activities, highlights the need for quality control, focuses on which parameters can be estimated rather than measured, and offers a broader perspective on management options in terms of knowing where the biggest temperature response will be felt.
\nAll of the major input variables for stream geometry, meteorology, and hydrology are discussed in detail. Each variable is defined, with guidance given on how to measure it, what kind of equipment to use, where to obtain it from another agency, and how to calculate it if the data are in a form other than that required by SNTEMP. Examples are presented for the various forms in which water temperature, discharge, and meteorological data are commonly found. Ranges of values for certain input variables that are difficult to measure of estimate are given. Particular attention is given to those variables not commonly understood by field biologists likely to be involved in a stream temperature study. Pertinent literature is cited for each variable, with emphasis on how other people have treated particular problems and on results they have found.
\nSome special cases dealing with ice and reservoir temperature are mentioned. Special attention is given to understanding micro-thermal habitats that act as important thermal refugia under low flow conditions; their causes, extent, and management implications are discussed.
\nAppendices provide information on State and Federal agencies that are good data sources, vendors for field instrumentation, and small computer programs useful in data reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 1989, Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods, 139 p.","productDescription":"139 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7550e4b01535cb427bb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233980,"text":"70233980 - 1989 - An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:35:02.878483","indexId":"70233980","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T09:28:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","title":"An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","docAbstract":"Exact anelastic solutions incorporating inhomogeneous waves are used to model numerically S-I and P waves incident on the free surface of a low-loss anelastic half-space. Anelastic free-surface reflection coefficients are computed for the volumetric strain and displacement components of inhomogeneous wave fields. For the problem of an incident homogeneous S-I wave in Pierre shale, the largest strain and displacement amplitudes for the reflected P wave occur at angles of incidence for which the particle motion for the reflected inhomogeneous P wave is elliptical (minor/major axis = 0.6), the specific absorption (QP−1) is greater (300 per cent) and the velocity is less (25 per cent) than those for a corresponding homogeneous P wave, the direction of phase propagation is not parallel to the free surface, and the amplitude of the wave shows a significant increase with depth (6 per cent in one wavelength). Energy reflection coefficients computed for this low-loss anelastic model show that energy flow due to interaction of the incident and reflected waves reach maxima (30 per cent of the incident energy) near large but nongrazing angles of incidence. For the problem of an incident homogeneous P wave in Pierre shale, the inhomogeneity of the reflected S wave is shown not to contribute to significant variations in wave field characteristics over those that would be expected for a homogeneous wave.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790030842","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., and Glassmoyer, G., 1989, An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 3, p. 842-859, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790030842.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"859","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.","contributorId":62751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015118,"text":"70015118 - 1989 - Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T17:20:18.789736","indexId":"70015118","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph","docAbstract":"A portable gas chromatograph was used to screen 32 ground water samples for volatile organic compounds. Seven screened samples were positive; four of the seven samples had volatile organic substances identified by second-column confirmation. Four of the seven positive, screened samples also tested positive in laboratory analyses of duplicate samples. No volatile organic compounds were detected in laboratory analyses of samples that headspace screening indicated to be negative. Samples that contained volatile organic compounds, as identified by laboratory analysis, and that contained a volatile organic compound present in a standard of selected compounds were correctly identified by using the portable gas chromatograph. Comparisons of screened-sample data with laboratory data indicate the ability to detect selected volatile organic compounds at concentrations of about 1 microgram per liter in the headspace of water samples by use of a portable gas chromatograph.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01160.x","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., 1989, Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 9, no. 3, p. 126-130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01160.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87b1e4b08c986b3165f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206756,"text":"70206756 - 1989 - Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T07:16:07","indexId":"70206756","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-31T09:08:33","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"Water‐table altitude, a controlling factor for ground‐ water flow, was estimated from detailed topographic data by subtracting the estimated depth‐to‐water. Land‐surface altitude of the Coastal Plain in the south‐central United States varies from 0 to more than 800 feet above sea level. Predevelopment depth‐to‐water in 6,825 wells less than 150 feet deep averages 25.7 feet (standard deviation, 19.5 feet). Most water‐table‐altitude variation is due to variation in land‐surface altitude and not due to variation in depth‐to‐ water. Digital topographic data, from 1:250,000 scale maps for every 30 seconds of latitude and longitude are available for the continental United States. About 90 altitudes were averaged for each 25‐square‐mile block of a rectangular grid used for ground‐water flow modeling. Multiple linear regressions of predevelopment water‐level data and topographic data were used to derive empirical equations relating water‐table altitude to topography. The regression method was more consistent, efficient, and accurate than manually digitizing values from manually contoured water‐table maps. Water‐table maps usually are prepared from few data that are concentrated in topographically flat areas. Manually digitizing water‐table maps on a regional scale introduces additional error. About 35 percent of the water‐table altitudes obtained manually were greater than average land‐surface altitudes from topographic data. The mean difference between water‐table altitudes from the two methods was less than 10 feet, which indicates no systematic error was incorporated in the regression method. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
","language":"English ","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00457.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Williams, T., and Williamson, A.K., 1989, Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast: Groundwater, v. 27, no. 3, p. 333-340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00457.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"333","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -95.4052734375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 27.566721430409707\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 24.407137917727667\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 24.56710835257599\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, T.A.","contributorId":220766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, A. K.","contributorId":57872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123180,"text":"70123180 - 1989 - Three years operational use of satellite transmitters on Florida manatees: tag improvements based on challenges from the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T12:59:32","indexId":"70123180","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-17T12:57:54","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Three years operational use of satellite transmitters on Florida manatees: tag improvements based on challenges from the field","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 North American Argos Users Conference","conferenceTitle":"1989 North American Argos Users Conference","conferenceDate":"1989-05-15T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Service Argos, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Landover, MD","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., and O'Shea, T., 1989, Three years operational use of satellite transmitters on Florida manatees: tag improvements based on challenges from the field, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d7e4b044dc0e8289dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210130,"text":"70210130 - 1989 - Hydrothermal discharge zones beneath massive sulfide deposits mapped in the Oman ophiolite ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T19:47:39.340537","indexId":"70210130","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-14T14:30:50","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal discharge zones beneath massive sulfide deposits mapped in the Oman ophiolite ","docAbstract":"The area in the Oman ophiolite containing the volcanic-hosted Bayda and Aarja massive sulfide deposits exposes a cross section of ocean crust and reveals to an unprecedented extent the fossil zones of hydrothermal upwelling that fed these sea-floor deposits. The fossil discharge zones are elongate areas of alteration and mineralization characterized by numerous small (metres to tens of metres in length), linear, discontinuous gossans. The gossans result from oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite replacing primary igneous phases and filling voids and fractures in the altered host rocks. The two deposits have separate discharge zones that appear to be sub-sea-floor extensions of their stockworks. The Bayda zone extends through the volcanic section into the upper sheeted dike complex and is interpreted as having formed on the ridge crest above an axial magma chamber; the Aarja zone terminates against a plagiogranite pluton that intrudes the lower volcanic section and is thought to have formed after Bayda in an off-axis environment. Structural, stratigraphic, and compositional characteristics of the Bayda and Aarja massive sulfide bodies are consistent with this interpretation. The geometry of the discharge zones suggests that in both cases upfiow occurred in broad zones (at least 400-600 m wide) that were elongated along strike (i.e., parallel to the spreading axis).
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0531:HDZBMS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haymon, R., Koski, R.A., and Abrams, M.J., 1989, Hydrothermal discharge zones beneath massive sulfide deposits mapped in the Oman ophiolite : Geology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 531-535, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0531:HDZBMS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"535","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Oman","otherGeospatial":"Oman ophiolite","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 54.47021484375,\n 18.208480196039883\n ],\n [\n 61.10595703125,\n 18.208480196039883\n ],\n [\n 61.10595703125,\n 26.745610382199022\n ],\n [\n 54.47021484375,\n 26.745610382199022\n ],\n [\n 54.47021484375,\n 18.208480196039883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haymon, R.M.","contributorId":17772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haymon","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrams, M. J.","contributorId":29859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210065,"text":"70210065 - 1989 - Ferroan anorthosite from lunar breccia 64435: Implications for the origin and history of lunar ferroan anorthosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T21:01:27.912619","indexId":"70210065","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-12T15:57:35","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ferroan anorthosite from lunar breccia 64435: Implications for the origin and history of lunar ferroan anorthosites","docAbstract":"A composite clast of ferroan-anorthosite-suite rocks from lunar breccia 64435 is shown to contain three lithologies. The results suggest that the structures of the 64435 composite clast were produced in an early deformation that consisted of extensive granulation followed by pervasive recrystallization, and that some granulitic breccias are nearly monomict. The REE concentrations in the coarse-grained troctolitic anorthosite are explained in terms of mass balance among the equilibrated phases.
","conferenceTitle":"Lunar and Planetary Science Conference","conferenceDate":"March 14-18, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"James, O., Lindstrom, M., and Flohr, M., 1989, Ferroan anorthosite from lunar breccia 64435: Implications for the origin and history of lunar ferroan anorthosites, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. 19, Houston, Texas, March 14-18, 1988, p. 219-243.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindstrom, M.M.","contributorId":224652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flohr, M.K.","contributorId":80012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210010,"text":"70210010 - 1989 - Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T19:17:25.355938","indexId":"70210010","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-08T14:01:19","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"The normal, biologically productive ocean is characterized by a gradient of the 13C/12C ratio from surface to deep waters. Here we present stable isotope data from planktonic and benthic micro-fossils across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the North pacific, which reveal a rapid and complete breakdown in this biologically mediated gradient. The fluxes of barium (a proxy for organic carbon) and CaCO3 also decrease significantly at the time of the major marine plankton extinctions. The implied substantial reduction in oceanic primary productivity persisted for ∼0.5 Myr before the carbon isotope gradient was gradually re-established. In addition, the stable isotope and preservational data indicate that environmental change, including cooling, began at least 200 kyr before the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and a peak warming of ∼3 °C occurred 600 kyr after the boundary event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/337061a0","usgsCitation":"Zachos, J., Arthur, M., and Dean, W.E., 1989, Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 337, no. 6202, p. 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1038/337061a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"337","issue":"6202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachos, James","contributorId":224075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zachos","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203371,"text":"70203371 - 1989 - Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-08T11:22:07","indexId":"70203371","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-08T11:18:34","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: An overview","docAbstract":"Selenium (Se) is both beneficial and toxic to animals, plants, and humans. Consequently, it is imperative to know its concentration in the environment and to understand the processes controlling its distribution. Determinations of Se concentrations in a variety of materials indicate that Se is widely distributed throughout the environment. The processes responsible for its distribution include volcanic activity, the burning of fossil fuels, the weathering of rocks and soils, groundwater transport, precipitation of minerals, adsorption, chemical or bacterial reduction and oxidation, and metabolic uptake and release by plants and animals. The importance of a particular process in controlling the distribution of Se is intimately linked to the speciation of Se, which is controlled by the pH and redox conditions of the environment. Selenium can exist as selenide (Se2−), elemental Se (Se0), selenite (SeO2−3), and selenate (SeO2−4). Each oxidation state exhibits different chemical behavior. Selenide and elemental Se occur in acidic, reducing, and organic-rich environments. Metal selenides, Se-sulfides, and elemental Se are insoluble, and therefore biologically unavailable. For the pH and redox conditions of most soil and aquatic environments, SeO2−3 and SeO2−4; should be the dominant forms of Se. Selenite is immobilized by adsorption onto particles, particularly Fe oxyhydroxides. Selenate is highly mobile and biologically available because of the solubility of its salts and its weak adsorption by particles. Microbial action can change the speciation of Se through oxidation or reduction, or through the formation of organic Se compounds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Selenium in agriculture and the environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub23.c1","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J.M., and Balistrieri, L.S., 1989, Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: An overview, chap. of Selenium in agriculture and the environment, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub23.c1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, James M. jmcneal@usgs.gov","contributorId":2810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"James","email":"jmcneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":762363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209885,"text":"70209885 - 1989 - The case for planetary sample return missions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T16:43:46.413909","indexId":"70209885","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-05T11:30:16","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The case for planetary sample return missions","docAbstract":"The essential role of planetary sample studies in exploration of the solar system has been well established “Drake et al., 1987”. As part of the larger pursuit of comparative planetology, samples of other rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars), planetary satellites, asteroids, and comets should reveal much about the materials and processes that formed Earth. In that context, Mars is an especially appealing sample target because of its distinctive, Earth‐like characteristics.
Here, we review the scientific objectives and justifications for collecting documented samples of Mars and returning them to Earth for laboratory study. A Mars sample‐return mission will be technologically challenging but represents the only way to acquire definitive knowledge about formation of the planet, its geologic and climatic history, and its potential as a haven of life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/89EO00232","usgsCitation":"Gooding, J.L., Carr, M.H., and McKay, C.P., 1989, The case for planetary sample return missions: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 70, no. 31, p. 745-755, https://doi.org/10.1029/89EO00232.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"755","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooding, James L.","contributorId":224455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooding","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P","contributorId":191268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003136,"text":"1003136 - 1989 - Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic for salmonid fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T15:48:50.341011","indexId":"1003136","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic for salmonid fishes","docAbstract":"Benzocaine was tested in the laboratory to determine the effective concentrations for anesthetizing juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and rainbow trout O. mykiss (formerly Salmo gairdneri). Tests were conducted at three water temperatures, in waters ranging from very soft to very hard, and with groups of rainbow trout from 5 to 47 cm long and chinook salmon 20 cm long. Effective concentrations were defined as those that rendered the fish fully handleable in 3 min or less, allowed recovery of most fish within 10 min, and caused no mortality after 15-min exposures. Concentrations of 25–45 mg/L anesthetized both species over the entire range of conditions tested. Although efficacy was essentially unrelated to species or water quality, it was related to water temperature and size offish; the concentrations of benzocaine required were highest at the lowest water temperatures and for the largest fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0150:EOBAAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., 1989, Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic for salmonid fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 150-153, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0150:EOBAAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123427,"text":"70123427 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation and sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:39:37","indexId":"70123427","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T13:38:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation and sedimentation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium Sediment and the Environment, the Third Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","conferenceTitle":"Sediment and the environment","conferenceDate":"1989-05-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","publisherLocation":"Wallingford","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1989, Physical habitat simulation and sedimentation, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7511e4b01535cb4279dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123418,"text":"70123418 - 1989 - Regionwide polygyny in willow flycatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:08:56","indexId":"70123418","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T13:03:52","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regionwide polygyny in willow flycatchers","docAbstract":"Most species of North American flycatchers (Tyranidae) are believed to be normally monogamous (Skutch 1960, Verner and Willson 1969). Some instances of bigamy are known for the Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe; Sherman 1952), Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens; W. J. Smith, cited in Eckhardt 1976), Western Wood-Pewee (C. sordidulus; Eckhardt 1976), and Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax viriscens; Mumford 1964). Recently, local incidences of polygyny have also been reported for the Least (E. minimus; Briskie and Sealy 1987) and Willow (E. traillii; Prescott 1986) flycatchers. Here, we present details on two additional instances of polygyny in Willow Flycatchers in different regions of North America, including information on the behavior and nesting ecology of polygynous trios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.2307/1368329","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Knopf, F., 1989, Regionwide polygyny in willow flycatchers: The Condor, v. 91, no. 2, p. 473-475, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368329.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol91/iss2/35","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293398,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368329"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7520e4b01535cb427a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":55350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123141,"text":"70123141 - 1989 - Copper deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T10:28:58","indexId":"70123141","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T10:22:23","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California","docAbstract":"Tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) reintroduced to Point Reyes, Calif., in 1978 exhibited gross signs of copper deficiency by June 1979. Copper levels in liver (x=5.9 ppm) and serum (0.42 ppm) of elk in Point Reyes were below levels in adult tule elk from other locations in California (liver, x=80 ppm; serum, x=1.4 ppm). These levels were consistent with documented copper deficiencies in wild and domestic ruminants. Copper serum levels increased in response to copper enriched dietary supplements and declined after the elk stopped eating the supplements. Analysis of plant and soil samples showed both are deficient in copper and normal in molybdenum and sulfur-sulfates. Deficiency in plants and soils at Point Reyes are probably due to low copper levels in the underlying granitic parent material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Range Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.2307/3899480","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P., Jessup, D., and Akeson, M., 1989, Copper deficiency in Tule Elk at Point Reyes, California: Journal of Range Management, v. 42, no. 3, p. 233-238, https://doi.org/10.2307/3899480.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/644992","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899480"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point Reyes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.827447,38.061593 ], [ -122.827447,38.114335 ], [ -122.784003,38.114335 ], [ -122.784003,38.061593 ], [ -122.827447,38.061593 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c5e4b044dc0e828924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, Peter J.P.","contributorId":91205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":43206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akeson, Mark","contributorId":47702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akeson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014302,"text":"1014302 - 1989 - Genetic differentiation among lake trout strains stocked into Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T15:43:56.601891","indexId":"1014302","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic differentiation among lake trout strains stocked into Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"The lake trout Salvelinus namaycush is the focus of an international effort by fishery management agencies to restore this once‐native species to Lake Ontario. Evaluation of reproductive success and comparisons among stocked lake trout strains require genetic markers. We used allozyme variation to make genetic comparisons among strains of lake trout stocked into Lake Ontario. Forty‐two proteins presumed to be encoded by 102 loci were resolved electrophoretically; 18 loci were polymorphic. Among 16 samples from five principal origins (Finger Lakes, Great Lakes basin, northern New York–Adirondack, Manitoba, and mixed origins–Lake Ontario), the average observed heterozygosity was 0.029, and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.125. Significant differences occurred among the 16 samples at all 18 possible locus comparisons. The average Fst value was 0.14. Hierarchical analysis indicated that the variation among samples within an origin was greatest within the Great Lakes basin, which included the greatest number of samples and represented the largest geographic area. Most variation observed among samples, however, occurred among origins. The 1983 and 1984 hatchery year classes produced from the 1978 Seneca brood stock did not differ significantly. The 1981 Seneca brood stock more closely resembled the sample of wild lake trout from Seneca Lake than progeny from the 1978 brood stock. The closer affinity of the 1981 brood stock to wild Seneca lake trout may be due to the larger number of wild adults from Seneca Lake used to found these fish than was used to establish the 1978 brood stock. Siscowet (“fat”) and “lean” lake trout from Lake Superior were significantly different from each other; however, the level of variation between them was not greater than that among samples from other origins, and thus did not support recognition of siscowet lake trout as a distinct subspecies. The Jenny Lake strain possessed a genetic affinity to the siscowet sample from Lake Superior. Historical reports about the origin of this strain suggest that siscowet lake trout from northern Lake Michigan may have been used to found this strain. Therefore, the Jenny Lake strain may serve as a gene source for the establishment of the siscowet lake trout in Lake Ontario. The substantial differentiation among lake trout strains reported here supports the feasibility of using allozyme markers to identify the parental sources of naturally produced young.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0317:GDALTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krueger, C., Marsden, J., Kincaid, H.L., and May, B., 1989, Genetic differentiation among lake trout strains stocked into Lake Ontario: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 3, p. 317-330, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0317:GDALTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"330","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.57049189242785,\n 43.71454699877299\n ],\n [\n -79.93211532628703,\n 43.219641763767015\n ],\n [\n -79.41056107289825,\n 43.10549055353762\n ],\n [\n -78.52028497825061,\n 43.29929008158424\n ],\n [\n -77.55358544655178,\n 43.20881846433292\n ],\n [\n -76.56589697368176,\n 43.31074247622789\n ],\n [\n -76.12969198182608,\n 43.573265030150495\n ],\n [\n -75.99921738278975,\n 43.92181119843832\n ],\n [\n -76.3365162868549,\n 44.369172642319114\n ],\n [\n -78.88539747255209,\n 43.92667588033004\n ],\n [\n -79.57049189242785,\n 43.71454699877299\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsden, J.E.","contributorId":97454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsden","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, B.","contributorId":19112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015421,"text":"70015421 - 1989 - Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:44:51.289376","indexId":"70015421","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences","docAbstract":"The magnetic method plays an important role in mineral, petroleum, and geothermal exploration. It also has made important contributions to geologic mapping, structural geology, and plate-tectonic theory. In particular, magnetic measurements using aircraft provide a relatively inexpensive way to trace magnetic rock units beneath covered areas, to reveal the shape of subsurface magnetic bodies, and to interpolate subsurface geologic information between widely spaced seismic data and other localized geophysical measurements. Computerized interpretation procedures currently fall into two categores: techniques designed to enhance the data, which include various display and filtering procedures, and modeling experiments, which may be either forward (trial-and-error) or inverse in nature.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM172-p45","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R.J., and Connard, G., 1989, Crustal studies using magnetic data: GSA Memoirs, v. 172, p. 45-60, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM172-p45.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connard, G.","contributorId":18025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connard","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209801,"text":"70209801 - 1989 - Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T17:14:02.159919","indexId":"70209801","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-29T11:07:11","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States ","docAbstract":"A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States presents continent-wide gravity data in a form that can be readily used, with geologic information and other geophysical data, in studies of the composition and structure of the continental crust. This map was produced from the gridded gravity data on which the recently released Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States is based. About 1 million onland and 0.8 million offshore gravity observations interpolated to a 4- by 4-km grid serve as the basis for both maps. The Airy-Heiskanen model of isostatic compensation of topography applied to topographic and bathymetric data averaged over 5- by 5-min compartments was used to remove, to first order, the large, long-wavelength Bouguer gravity anomalies caused by deep density distributions that support topographic loads. The parameters used in the Airy-Heiskanen model were topographic density, 2.67 g/cm3; sea-level crustal thickness, 30 km; and density contrast across the base of the model crust, 0.35 g/cm3.
Many of the conspicuous short-wavelength anomalies (widths less than several hundred kilometers) on the isostatic residual gravity map correlate with mapped or near-surface geologic features, and primarily reflect shallow-density distributions rather than any departures from isostatic equilibrium. In general, gravity highs occur over (1) mafic igneous bodies emplaced in rift or magmatic arc settings or as isolated intrusions controlled by structures; (2) accreted slices of mafic oceanic, island-arc, or transitional crust; and (3) uplifted crystalline basement. Gravity lows are found over (1) thick bodies of felsic intrusive or extrusive rocks; (2) sedimentary deposits in extensional, convergent, or transform settings; and (3) depressed crystalline basement. Anomalies with widths as much as 1,000 km or more also appear to reflect crustal properties in many cases—several broad gravity highs are associated with crust having a high average seismic wave velocity, and comparable broad gravity lows occur over areas of low average seismic velocity.
Alternative ways of viewing the isostatic residual gravity data provide additional information about density distributions in the crust. The first-vertical derivative map accentuates gravity anomalies over shallow, abrupt density changes at the expense of those resulting from deeper or more gradual density transitions. The maximum horizontal gradient map contains information about the locations of pronounced density boundaries. Two-dimensional spectral analysis of the gravity data provides a quantitative means for identifying dominant fabrics in the gravity field and for distinguishing various terranes from each other.
Neither Bouguer nor isostatic residual gravity anomalies are particularly well suited for practical modeling of deep structure in conjunction with deep seismic information. However, a scheme in which the entire Earth outside the area of interest is approximated by laterally homogeneous layers and isostatically compensated topography, and in which the area of interest is modeled using the seismic constraints applied in a two-and-one-half-dimensional geometry, holds promise for exploiting useful features of both the Bouguer and isostatic residual gravity anomalies.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/MEM172-p405","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., Simpson, R.W., Blakely, R.J., and Saltus, R.W., 1989, Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States : GSA Memoirs, v. 172, p. 405-424, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM172-p405.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n 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simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123419,"text":"70123419 - 1989 - Hydraulics in physical habitat simulation: a 1989 review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:11:10","indexId":"70123419","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-21T13:09:55","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Hydraulics in physical habitat simulation: a 1989 review","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth Annual AGU Front Range Branch Hydrology Days","conferenceTitle":"Ninth Annual AGU Front Range Branch Hydrology Days","conferenceDate":"1989-04-18T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology Days Publications","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1989, Hydraulics in physical habitat simulation: a 1989 review, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74eae4b01535cb42779b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015175,"text":"70015175 - 1989 - Origin of granulite terranes and the formation of the lowermost continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:21:48.111096","indexId":"70015175","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of granulite terranes and the formation of the lowermost continental crust","docAbstract":"Differences in composition and pressures of equilibration between exposed, regional granulite terranes and suites of granulite xenoliths of crustal origin indicate that granulite terranes do not represent exhumed lowermost crust, as had been thought, but rather middle and lower-middle crustal levels. Application of well-calibrated barometers indicate that exposed granulites record equilibration pressures of 0.6 to 0.8 gigapascal (20 to 30 kilometers depth of burial), whereas granulite xenoliths, which also tend to be more mafic, record pressures of at least 1.0 to 1.5 gigapascals (35 to 50 kilometers depth of burial). Thickening of the crust by the crystalliztion of mafic magmas at the crust-mantle boundary may account for both the formation of regional granulite terranes at shallower depths and the formation of deep-seated mafic crust represented by many xenolith suites.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4902.326","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bohlen, S., and Mezger, K., 1989, Origin of granulite terranes and the formation of the lowermost continental crust: Science, v. 244, no. 4902, p. 326-329, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4902.326.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"329","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","issue":"4902","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70d5e4b0c8380cd7629f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mezger, K.","contributorId":43502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mezger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015546,"text":"70015546 - 1989 - Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T16:38:47.224298","indexId":"70015546","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States","docAbstract":"Urban planners and managers need information about the local quantity of precipitation and the quality and quantity of storm runoff if they are to plan adequately for the effects of storm runoff from urban areas. As result of this need, linear regression models were developed for the estimation of storm-runoff loads and volumes from physical, land-use, and climatic characteristics of urban watersheds throughout the United States. Three statistically different regions were delineated, based on mean annual rainfall, to improve linear regression models. One use of these models is to estimate storm-runoff loads and volumes are gaged and ungaged urban watersheds.
The most significant explanatory variables in all linear regression models were total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area. Impervious area, land-use, and mean annual climatic characteristics were also significant explanatory variables in some linear regression models. Models for dissolved solids, total nitrogen, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen were the most accurate models for most areas, whereas models for suspended solids were the least accurate. The most accurate models were those for the more arid western United States, and the least accurate were those for areas that had large quantities of mean annual rainfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(89)90017-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Driver, N.E., and Troutman, B., 1989, Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90017-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d0e4b0e8fec6cdc00e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driver, N. E.","contributorId":63398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015355,"text":"70015355 - 1989 - Dynamics of liquefaction during the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:28:25.748461","indexId":"70015355","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of liquefaction during the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Simultaneous measurements of seismically induced pore-water pressure changes and surface and subsurface accelerations at a site undergoing liquefaction caused by the Superstition Hills, California, earthquake (24 November 1987; M = 6.6) reveal that total pore pressures approached lithostatic conditions, but, unexpectedly, after most of the strong motion ceased. Excess pore pressures were generated once horizontal acceleration exceeded a threshold value.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4900.56","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., Youd, T., and Hanks, T.C., 1989, Dynamics of liquefaction during the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake: Science, v. 244, no. 4900, p. 56-59, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4900.56.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Superstition Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10433528527619,\n 33.150278445684776\n ],\n [\n -116.10433528527619,\n 32.88415029447826\n ],\n [\n -115.69942791320001,\n 32.88415029447826\n ],\n [\n -115.69942791320001,\n 33.150278445684776\n ],\n [\n -116.10433528527619,\n 33.150278445684776\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"244","issue":"4900","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0434e4b0c8380cd50852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Youd, T. L.","contributorId":73593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youd","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222250,"text":"5222250 - 1989 - Physiological assessment of deer populations by analysis of urine in snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-25T17:02:28.821176","indexId":"5222250","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological assessment of deer populations by analysis of urine in snow","docAbstract":"We compared the nutritional status of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 3 natural yards and 1 yard where deer were supplementally fed from 1 January to 31 March 1985 in northeastern Minnesota. We monitored deer nutritonal status by sequential collection and chemical analysis of urine in snow (snow-urine) for urea nitrogen (U), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Dilution of urine by snow was corrected by comparing these data as ratios to creatinine (C). All deer remained in an early phase of undernutrition; however, declining trends of U:C, Na:C, and K:C in 2 natural yards indicated increasingly inadequate nutrition as winter progressed. Unaltered values of these ratios and P.C in snow-urine collected from the third natural yard reflected stable levels of nutrient availability. Significant (P < 0.05) elevations of Na:C, K:C, and P:C in 2 natural yards with similar snow regimes suggested initiation of nutritional recovery in deer during late March. In contrast, deep snow in the third natural yard restricted feeding activity and was associated with ratios that remained diminished. Elevated U:C, Na:C, and K:C provided physiological evidence of the higher nutritional status of supplementally fed deer throughout winter and their ability to increase nutrient intake during late March despite prolonged deep snow cover. Frequent and quantitative assessments of the physiological status of deer by snow-urine analysis provided an improved understanding of the relationship between snow cover and the nutritional well-being of these deer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801124","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Mech, L., and Seal, U.S., 1989, Physiological assessment of deer populations by analysis of urine in snow: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 2, p. 284-291, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801124.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.52018642376096,\n 47.95215009845222\n ],\n [\n -91.52018642376096,\n 47.62358154741585\n ],\n [\n -90.6408804400579,\n 47.62358154741585\n ],\n [\n -90.6408804400579,\n 47.95215009845222\n ],\n [\n -91.52018642376096,\n 47.95215009845222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68596d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":64582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}