The Leg 104 organic geochemistry program consisted of monitoring (a) hydrocarbon gases, (b) organic and inorganic carbon, and (c) parameters resulting from Rock-Eval pyrolysis at three sites on the Vdring Plateau. The results amplify some of those obtained earlier on Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 38. In a regional sense there is an inverse correlation between amounts of hydrocarbon gas and organic carbon. For example, significant concentrations of methane are present only at Site 644 in the inner part of the plateau where organic carbon contents are always less than 1%; in contrast, at Site 642 on the outer plateau, methane concentrations are very low (ppm range) whereas amounts of organic carbon approach 2%. Only at Site 644 are the environmental conditions such that methanogenesis is an active diagenetic process. Because of the importance of routine gas analyses to the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), a procedure was devised to improve the use of Vacutainers for collection of gas samples. Comparison of methods for determining organic carbon showed that at Sites 643 and 644 Rock-Eval TOC could be used as a measure of organic carbon, but not at Site 642. Although no liquid or solid hydrocarbons were encountered at any of the sites, a catalog of potential organic geochemical contaminants was developed in anticipation of such a discovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.104.126.1989","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., and McDonald, T., 1989, Organic geochemistry on Leg 104: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 104, p. 291-307, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.104.126.1989.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.104.126.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, T.J.","contributorId":222213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199783,"text":"70199783 - 1989 - Spatial, seasonal and diel distribution of fishes in a California reservoir dominated by native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T17:23:00","indexId":"70199783","displayToPublicDate":"1989-02-01T17:22:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial, seasonal and diel distribution of fishes in a California reservoir dominated by native fishes","docAbstract":"During 21 months of sampling with various techniques, we captured 24 species of fish in Britton Reservoir. Nine species comprised over 96% of the number of fish captured and approximately 88% of the biomass. Five native non-game species accounted for over 77% of the catches.
The native non-game fishes have maintained large populations in the reservoir despite continued introductions of non-native species. Two sources of non-native species exist. The first is the introduction of exotic species directly into the reservoir during fish-stocking programs. The second is the continuous movement of non-native fishes into the reservoir from large populations which reside in a major tributary of the reservoir. Factors responsible for the large number of native fishes are: management of the reservoir for hydroelectric generation; temperature regime; reservoir morphology.
The fish community structure is stratified along two axes: upper basin/lower basin and inshore/offshore. Most of the 24 species were found inshore: 14 species were found offshore. Four of the native non-game fishes were most abundant in the upper basin: three introduced non-native fishes were most abundant in the lower basin of the reservoir. The offshore community was dynamic on a daily and seasonal basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(89)90005-2","usgsCitation":"Vondracek, B.C., Baltz, D.M., Brown, L.R., and Moyle, P.B., 1989, Spatial, seasonal and diel distribution of fishes in a California reservoir dominated by native fishes: Fisheries Research, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 31-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(89)90005-2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Britton Reservoir","volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c45e4b034bf6a82260f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltz, Donald M.","contributorId":208263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baltz","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":49135,"text":"ofr89268 - 1989 - Relation of ground-water flow in bedrock aquifers and the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, Minneapolis and St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:25:38","indexId":"ofr89268","displayToPublicDate":"1989-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-268","title":"Relation of ground-water flow in bedrock aquifers and the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, Minneapolis and St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89268","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, M.E., 1989, Relation of ground-water flow in bedrock aquifers and the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, Minneapolis and St. Paul area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-268, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89268.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Twin Cities","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3ae4b07e28b664dbf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenberg, M. E.","contributorId":117006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185851,"text":"70185851 - 1989 - Irrigation-induced contamination--How real a problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:47:33","indexId":"70185851","displayToPublicDate":"1989-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5351,"text":"Journal on Irrigation Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Irrigation-induced contamination--How real a problem","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior has embarked on a series of reconnaissance‐level investigations throughout the western states to identify, evaluate, and respond to irrigation‐induced water quality problems. A series of water, sediment, and biological samples are being analyzed for 17 inorganic constituents and a number of pesticides. 19 studies in 13 states have been undertaken. Seven have been completed to date. Results of the seven studies that have been completed are presented and compared to baselines, standards, criteria, and other guidelines helpful for assessing the potential of observed constituent concentrations in water, bottom sediment, and biota, to result in physiological harm to fish, wildlife, or humans. These initial results indicate that a new environmental problem of major proportions does not exist, but that some localized problems of significant magnitude do exist and should be addressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1989)115:1(9)","usgsCitation":"Deason, J.P., 1989, Irrigation-induced contamination--How real a problem: Journal on Irrigation Drainage Engineering, v. 115, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1989)115:1(9).","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c685744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deason, Jonathan P.","contributorId":69299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deason","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171483,"text":"70171483 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the lower Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T13:59:46","indexId":"70171483","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-31T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the lower Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 13th Natural Resources Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"13th Natural Resources Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 26, 1987","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1989, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the lower Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, in Proceedings of the 13th Natural Resources Symposium, San Juan, Puerto Rico, February 26, 1987, p. 41-59.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500766e4b0ee97d51bb641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123155,"text":"70123155 - 1989 - Design considerations for monitoring land birds in Channel Islands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:15:23","indexId":"70123155","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-28T11:29:20","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Design considerations for monitoring land birds in Channel Islands National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"1989 Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society","conferenceTitle":"Annual Meeting of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society","conferenceDate":"1989-01-16T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Redding, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Western Section of the Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Sogge, M.K., van Riper, C., and Drost, C., 1989, Design considerations for monitoring land birds in Channel Islands National Park, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.472997,33.448088 ], [ -120.472997,34.249224 ], [ -119.007619,34.249224 ], [ -119.007619,33.448088 ], [ -120.472997,33.448088 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c7e4b044dc0e828935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sogge, M. K. 0000-0002-8337-5689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":106434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drost, C.A.","contributorId":99692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016014,"text":"70016014 - 1989 - Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics of carbonaceous chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T17:02:05.174016","indexId":"70016014","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics of carbonaceous chondrites","docAbstract":"Rhenium and osmium concentrations and Os isotopic compositions of eight carbonaceous chondrites, one LL3 ordinary chondrite, and two iron meteorites were determined by resonance ionization mass spectrometry. Iron meteorite 187Re/186Os and 187Os/186Os ratios plot on the previously determined iron meteorite isochron, but most chondrite data plot 1 to 2 percent above this meteorite isochron. This suggests either that irons have significantly younger Re-Os closure ages than chondrites or that chondrites were formed from precursor materials with different chemical histories from the precursors of irons. Some samples of Semarkona (LL3) and Murray (C2M) meteorites plot 4 to 6 percent above the iron meteorite isochron, well above the field delineated by other chondrites. Murray may have lost Re by aqueous leaching during its preterrestrial history. Semarkona could have experienced a similar loss of Re, but only slight aqueous alteration is evident in the meteorite. Therefore, the isotopic composition of Semarkona could reflect assembly of isotopically heterogeneous components subsequent to 4.55 billion years ago or Os isotopic heterogeneities in the primordial solar nebula.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.243.4890.519","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., and Morgan, J.W., 1989, Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics of carbonaceous chondrites: Science, v. 243, no. 4890, p. 519-522, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4890.519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"243","issue":"4890","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad38e4b0c8380cd86e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015409,"text":"70015409 - 1989 - Geochemical evidence for invasion of Kilauea's plumbing system by Mauna Loa magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T15:55:24.092012","indexId":"70015409","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for invasion of Kilauea's plumbing system by Mauna Loa magma","docAbstract":"From the beginning of the study of Hawaiian volcanism there has been controversy over possible relationships between the neighbouring active volcanoes Mauna Loa and Kilauea1–5. Seismic activity, thought to reflect upward migration of magma, reveals that the magmatic plumbing systems apparently converge at depth to form a broad funnel within the mantle6. Although on rare occasions they have erupted concurrently, the brief historical eruptive record appears to show that when Kilauea is most active, Mauna Loa is in repose and vice versa, suggesting that they may be competing for the same magma supply5,7. Petrological, geochemical and isotope data, however, require a diametrically opposite conclusion. Distinct differences in major-element, trace-element and isotope compositions of lavas are regarded as compelling evidence that the two volcanoes have separate magmatic plumbing systems, supplied by parental magmas from physically and geochemically distinct mantle sources8–13. Here we present preliminary geochemical data which show that in the past 2,000 years Kilauea has erupted a spectrum of lava compositions resembling historical Kilauea lavas at one end and Mauna Loa lavas at the other. We discuss the cause of this diversity, and speculate that magma from Mauna Loa may have invaded Kilauea's 'high-level' magmatic plumbing system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/337257a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Rhodes, J., Wenz, K., Neal, C., Sparks, J.W., and Lockwood, J.P., 1989, Geochemical evidence for invasion of Kilauea's plumbing system by Mauna Loa magma: Nature, v. 337, no. 6204, p. 257-260, https://doi.org/10.1038/337257a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea. Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.60940742819443,\n 19.530273132496674\n ],\n [\n -155.60940742819443,\n 19.224807673368957\n ],\n [\n -155.155825009142,\n 19.224807673368957\n ],\n [\n -155.155825009142,\n 19.530273132496674\n ],\n [\n -155.60940742819443,\n 19.530273132496674\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"337","issue":"6204","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162fe4b0c8380cd5509c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":31110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenz, K.P.","contributorId":16167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenz","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparks, J. W.","contributorId":84083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70123423,"text":"70123423 - 1989 - Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:30:18","indexId":"70123423","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-13T13:28:27","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the HARZA instream flow workshop, IFIM symposium","conferenceTitle":"IFIM symposium: a workshop and symposium on the instream flow incremetal method","conferenceDate":"1989-01-12T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","publisher":"Harza Engineering Co.","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1989, Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74cde4b01535cb4275e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207779,"text":"70207779 - 1989 - Geochemical expression of early diagenesis in middle Eocene-lower Oligocene pelagic sediments in the southern Labrador Sea, Site 647, ODP Leg 105","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-18T15:38:16.295651","indexId":"70207779","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-10T10:59:58","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical expression of early diagenesis in middle Eocene-lower Oligocene pelagic sediments in the southern Labrador Sea, Site 647, ODP Leg 105","docAbstract":"Geochemical analyses of the middle Eocene through lower Oligocene lithologic Unit IIIC (260-518 meters below sea floor [mbsf]) indicate a relatively constant geochemical composition of the detrital fraction throughout this depositional interval at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 647 in the southern Labrador Sea. The main variability occurs in redox-sensitive elements (e.g., iron, manganese, and phosphorus), which may be related to early diagenetic inability in anaerobic pore waters during bacterial decomposition of organic matter. Initial preservation of organic matter was mediated by high sedimentation rates (36 m/m.Y.). High iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) contents are associated with carbonate concretions of siderite, manganosiderite, and rhodochrosite. These concretions probably formed in response to elevated pore-water alkalinity and total dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations resulting from bacterial sulfate reduction, as indicated by nodule stable-isotope compositions and pore-water geochemistry. These nodules differ from those found in upper Cenozoic hemipelagic sequences in that they are not associated with methanogenesis. Phosphate minerals (carbonate-fluorapatite) precipitated in some intervals, probably as the result of desorption of phosphorus from iron and manganese during reduction. The bulk chemical composition of the sediments differs little from that of North Atlantic Quaternary abyssal red clays, but may contain a minor hydrothermal component. The silicon/ aluminum (Si/Al) ratio, however, is high and variable and probably reflects original variations in biagenic opal, much of which is now altered to smectite and/or opal CT. An increase in the sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio in the upper Eocene corresponds to the beginning of coarser-grained feldspar flux to the site, possibly marking the onset of more vigorous deep currents. Although the Site 647 cores provide a nearly complete high-resolution, high-latitude Eocene-Oligocene record, the high sedimentation rate and somewhat unusual diagenetic conditions have led to variable alteration of benthic foraminifers and fine-fraction carbonate and have overprinted the original stable-isotope records. Planktonic foraminifers are less altered, but on the whole, there is little chance of sorting out the nature and timing of environmental change on the basis of our stable-isotope analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.105.157.1989","issn":"0884-5891","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., Zachos, J., Kaminski, M., Hagerty Rieg, S., and Elmstrom, K., 1989, Geochemical expression of early diagenesis in middle Eocene-lower Oligocene pelagic sediments in the southern Labrador Sea, Site 647, ODP Leg 105: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 105, p. 111-135, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.105.157.1989.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.105.157.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zachos, J.C.","contributorId":61965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachos","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaminski, M.","contributorId":19365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagerty Rieg, S.","contributorId":221641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagerty Rieg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elmstrom, K.","contributorId":221642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmstrom","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207746,"text":"70207746 - 1989 - Geochemical and paleoenvironmental variations across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at Braggs, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T11:15:06","indexId":"70207746","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-09T11:01:33","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and paleoenvironmental variations across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at Braggs, Alabama","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary in southern Alabama occurs in a sequence of interbedded shallow-marine limestones and marls deposited during a Late Maastrichtian regression and subsequent Danian transgression. The presence of a diverse assemblage of Cretaceous and Paleocene benthic micro- and macrofossils has allowed detailed examination of paleoenvironmental changes in this shallow-marine setting at the time of the K/T boundary extinctions.
Although extensive diagenesis has resulted in the recrystallization and cementation of whole rock carbonate, a few molluscan macrofossils have retained their original calcitic structure. The oxygen isotopic record of these macrofossils shows a gradual cooling of 2–3°C over a 3 m.y. period which began in the late Maastrichtian and continued into the Danian. The characteristic depletion in δ13C across the K/T boundary displayed by planktonic microfossils from pelagic sequences is not recorded at Braggs. Major changes in whole rock trace and minor element chemistry reflect the decrease in terrigenous mineral fluxes to this location brought about by the rapid Early Paleocene transgression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(89)90168-5","usgsCitation":"Zachos, J., Arthur, M.A., and Dean, W.E., 1989, Geochemical and paleoenvironmental variations across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at Braggs, Alabama: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 69, p. 245-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90168-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Lowndes","otherGeospatial":"Braggs","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.819,32.3403],[-86.8211,32.3348],[-86.8216,32.3207],[-86.8205,32.3175],[-86.8183,32.3138],[-86.815,32.3116],[-86.8107,32.3098],[-86.8037,32.3102],[-86.7993,32.3121],[-86.7907,32.3176],[-86.7842,32.3244],[-86.7729,32.3408],[-86.7805,32.3691],[-86.7822,32.3704],[-86.7812,32.3928],[-86.7747,32.3955],[-86.7573,32.3896],[-86.7464,32.3901],[-86.7372,32.3947],[-86.7275,32.4047],[-86.7226,32.4057],[-86.7199,32.4034],[-86.7193,32.3997],[-86.7204,32.3929],[-86.7204,32.3843],[-86.7214,32.3769],[-86.7132,32.3628],[-86.6877,32.3556],[-86.6828,32.3556],[-86.6704,32.3643],[-86.6574,32.3766],[-86.6552,32.3843],[-86.6558,32.3912],[-86.6558,32.3957],[-86.652,32.4008],[-86.646,32.404],[-86.6346,32.4035],[-86.6238,32.4072],[-86.6194,32.4063],[-86.6151,32.4003],[-86.614,32.3949],[-86.6172,32.3771],[-86.6139,32.373],[-86.5966,32.3635],[-86.5933,32.363],[-86.5911,32.3644],[-86.5873,32.3726],[-86.5846,32.3753],[-86.5787,32.3776],[-86.5738,32.3762],[-86.5618,32.3703],[-86.5505,32.3703],[-86.5461,32.3667],[-86.5428,32.3567],[-86.5407,32.3443],[-86.539,32.3421],[-86.5331,32.3403],[-86.507,32.3444],[-86.4984,32.3453],[-86.4973,32.3407],[-86.4891,32.3403],[-86.4821,32.3398],[-86.4843,32.3353],[-86.4821,32.3334],[-86.4761,32.3316],[-86.4788,32.3243],[-86.4815,32.3179],[-86.4859,32.3138],[-86.4864,32.3079],[-86.4908,32.3029],[-86.4875,32.2974],[-86.4864,32.2906],[-86.4843,32.2833],[-86.4804,32.2756],[-86.4729,32.2719],[-86.4653,32.2733],[-86.4566,32.2737],[-86.4496,32.266],[-86.4414,32.2605],[-86.4306,32.2587],[-86.4236,32.2532],[-86.423,32.2482],[-86.4176,32.245],[-86.4084,32.245],[-86.4084,32.2391],[-86.409,32.2363],[-86.4079,32.199],[-86.4079,32.1948],[-86.4064,32.0937],[-86.4064,32.085],[-86.4064,32.07],[-86.4059,32.0508],[-86.4058,32.0444],[-86.3952,32.0444],[-86.3946,32.0358],[-86.4056,32.0354],[-86.4044,31.9637],[-86.4136,31.9651],[-86.4476,31.9647],[-86.75,31.9621],[-86.8574,31.9623],[-86.8588,32.0357],[-86.8567,32.0489],[-86.8664,32.0484],[-86.8762,32.0484],[-86.9064,32.0483],[-86.9083,32.1982],[-86.9084,32.2251],[-86.8104,32.225],[-86.8104,32.2378],[-86.8153,32.2359],[-86.824,32.2345],[-86.8337,32.2386],[-86.843,32.2472],[-86.8544,32.2577],[-86.8599,32.2672],[-86.8642,32.2722],[-86.8637,32.2773],[-86.8572,32.2841],[-86.8475,32.2887],[-86.8443,32.2946],[-86.8372,32.2974],[-86.8259,32.3061],[-86.8373,32.3092],[-86.8503,32.3101],[-86.8504,32.3292],[-86.819,32.3403]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lowndes\",\"state\":\"AL\"}}]}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachos, J.C.","contributorId":61965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachos","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, Michael A.","contributorId":90018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207745,"text":"70207745 - 1989 - Changes in redox conditions in deep‐sea sediments of the subarctic North Pacific Ocean: Possible evidence for the presence of North Pacific Deep Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-18T15:35:22.685121","indexId":"70207745","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-09T10:34:57","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in redox conditions in deep‐sea sediments of the subarctic North Pacific Ocean: Possible evidence for the presence of North Pacific Deep Water","docAbstract":"Cores of upper Quaternary and Holocene sediment from the subarctic North Pacific north of about 48°N contain one or more layers of oxidized brown sediment interbedded within predominantly reduced green sediment. The brown layers are enriched in several trace elements, especially Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co, relative to the green layers. Where multiple oxidized layers are present, the intensity of the brown coloration and the magnitude of trace element enrichment often decrease with depth, suggesting that the oxidized layers are unstable and are being chemically reduced at depth. The oxidized layers represent a change in redox conditions between the North Pacific red clay province and the subarctic biosiliceous green clay province. The redox change may have been caused by an increase in supply of dissolved oxygen to bottom waters during glacial‐interglacial transitions as the result of the periodic formation of a seasonal bottom water mass in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/PA004i006p00639","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Gardner, J.V., and Eileen Hemphill-Haley, 1989, Changes in redox conditions in deep‐sea sediments of the subarctic North Pacific Ocean: Possible evidence for the presence of North Pacific Deep Water: Paleoceanography, v. 4, no. 6, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA004i006p00639.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Pacific Deep Water","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -183.515625,\n 54.77534585936447\n ],\n [\n -180.52734375,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -165.58593749999997,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -145.37109375,\n 49.95121990866204\n ],\n [\n -129.375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -129.375,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -134.296875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -146.07421875,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 59.17592824927136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J. V.","contributorId":114111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eileen Hemphill-Haley","contributorId":206892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eileen Hemphill-Haley","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207703,"text":"70207703 - 1989 - Marine magnetic gradiometer: A tool for the seismic interpreter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T14:44:19.603523","indexId":"70207703","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-07T10:54:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine magnetic gradiometer: A tool for the seismic interpreter","docAbstract":"The marine magnetometer has been used since the early '50s as an ancillary tool on vessels conducting regional and local seismic surveys. Emphasis on marine magnetic data by academia has led to major discoveries about the structure of the earth's crust, such as the association of shallow, crustal magnetic anomalies to seafloor spreading and long-wavelength anomalies to deep crustal origin. The same enthusiasm has not occurred in industry primarily because greater emphasis has been placed on multichannel seismic reflection data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1439647","issn":"0732-989X","usgsCitation":"Wold, R.J., and Cooper, A.K., 1989, Marine magnetic gradiometer: A tool for the seismic interpreter: Geophysics, v. 8, no. 8, p. 22-27, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439647.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wold, Richard J.","contributorId":105338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wold","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016016,"text":"70016016 - 1989 - Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:04:46.623929","indexId":"70016016","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"The normal, biologically productive ocean is characterized by a gradient of the 13C/12C ratio from surface to deep waters. Here we present stable isotope data from planktonic and benthic micro-fossils across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the North pacific, which reveal a rapid and complete breakdown in this biologically mediated gradient. The fluxes of barium (a proxy for organic carbon) and CaCO3 also decrease significantly at the time of the major marine plankton extinctions. The implied substantial reduction in oceanic primary productivity persisted for ∼0.5 Myr before the carbon isotope gradient was gradually re-established. In addition, the stable isotope and preservational data indicate that environmental change, including cooling, began at least 200 kyr before the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and a peak warming of ∼3 °C occurred 600 kyr after the boundary event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/337061a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Zachos, J., Arthur, M., and Dean, W., 1989, Geochemical evidence for suppression of pelagic marine productivity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 337, no. 6202, p. 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1038/337061a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"337","issue":"6202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1631e4b0c8380cd550a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zachos, J.C.","contributorId":61965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachos","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28197,"text":"wri894090 - 1989 - Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T12:23:48.737029","indexId":"wri894090","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-03T20:42:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4090","title":"Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels","docAbstract":"Acoustic velocity meter (AVM) accuracy depends on equipment limitations, the accuracy of acoustic-path length and angle determination, and the stability of the mean velocity to acoustic-path velocity relation. Equipment limitations depend on path length and angle, transducer frequency, timing oscillator frequency, and signal-detection scheme. Typically, the velocity error from this source is about +or-1 to +or-10 mms/sec. Error in acoustic-path angle or length will result in a proportional measurement bias. Typically, an angle error of one degree will result in a velocity error of 2%, and a path-length error of one meter in 100 meter will result in an error of 1%. Ray bending (signal refraction) depends on path length and density gradients present in the stream. Any deviation from a straight acoustic path between transducer will change the unique relation between path velocity and mean velocity. These deviations will then introduce error in the mean velocity computation. Typically, for a 200-meter path length, the resultant error is less than one percent, but for a 1,000 meter path length, the error can be greater than 10%. Recent laboratory and field tests have substantiated assumptions of equipment limitations. Tow-tank tests of an AVM system with a 4.69-meter path length yielded an average standard deviation error of 9.3 mms/sec, and the field tests of an AVM system with a 20.5-meter path length yielded an average standard deviation error of a 4 mms/sec. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri894090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Curtis, R.E., 1989, Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4090, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894090.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57035,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4090/wri894090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 89-4090"},{"id":119028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4090/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Macon Complex, which extends from eastern Alabama to northern North Carolina, is a late Precambrian–Middle Cambrian accretionary complex comparable in size to the Franciscan Complex of California and Oregon. Much of the complex is tectonic, sedimentary, and metamorphic chaos, properly termed mélange, where well-rounded to angular fragments, blocks, and slabs of contrasting metamorphic grades, different igneous parentages, drastically different sedimentary facies, and different degrees of deformation “float” in highly imbricated and tectonized matrices, the whole having been intruded by Devonian mafic plutons and associated syenites, and by Carboniferous granitic plutons. We have divided the complex into three mélanges that probably reflect different structural regimes within the accretionary wedge: (1) the Juliette mélange, with two tectonostratigraphic lithofacies, the clastic-rich, partly olistostromal Potato Creek facies and the Gladesville facies, rich in mafic and ultramaflc fragments, blocks, and slabs; (2) the Po Biddy mélange, characterized by metamorphosed manganiferous sediments, metavolcaniclastic rocks, graphitic schists, and locally by metamorphosed thinly bedded pyritiferous limestones, and a wide variety of mineral deposits; and (3) the Falls Lake mélange, which is quite similar to the Juliette mélange and probably represents the same tectonostratigraphic horizon in the accretionary prism. The matrices of the mélanges contain a wide variety of metaigneous and metasedimentary exotic clasts, including mafic and ultramaflc rocks. The Macon Complex is structurally overlain by the late Precambrian–Middle Cambrian Little River Complex, made up of thick piles of mostly felsic calc-alkaline metavolcanic rocks, and lesser amounts of metaplutonic rocks, that originated in a continental-margin volcanic arc (Little River arc). Trilobites from near the top of one of the youngest sections are restricted to the upper two-thirds of the Middle Cambrian and are characteristic of the Atlantic faunal province. The Little River Complex is overlain, beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain, by the African cratonic Northern Florida platform sequence; the Macon and Little River complexes and the Northern Florida platform sequence make up the Little River thrust stack. The magmas of the Devonian plutons that have intruded the Macon Complex probably formed when the Little River stack was thrust upon the underlying Georgiabama thrust stack, which was itself still being thrust toward the North American craton. The Macon Complex is interpreted to have formed between a trench and the Little River island arc at the oceanward edge of what was either a microcontinent off the African continent or the core of the present African continent. Many mafic and all ultramaflc bodies in the mélange are probably pieces of Iapetus Ocean crust and mantle offscraped from the downgoing slab and imbricated into the accretionary wedge. Rocks of the Macon Complex have previously been assigned to the “Charlotte,” “Kiokee,” “Kings Mountain,” and “Lowndesville” belts and to parts of the “Uchee,” “Raleigh,” “Pine Mountain,” and “Inner Piedmont” “belts.”
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mélanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE228-p229","usgsCitation":"Higgins, M.W., Crawford, R., Atkins, R.L., and Crawford, T.J., 1989, The Macon Complex; An ancient accretionary complex in the southern Appalachians, chap. of Mélanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians, p. 229-246, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE228-p229.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"246","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Macon Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -79.332275390625,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -78.01391601562499,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -84.92431640625,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":12459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Ralph","contributorId":219872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkins, R. L.","contributorId":77540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Thomas J.","contributorId":73640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006795,"text":"70006795 - 1989 - A chaparral family shrub--A genealogy of chaparral ecologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T15:32:56","indexId":"70006795","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T15:27:53","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"34","title":"A chaparral family shrub--A genealogy of chaparral ecologists","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Chaparral: Paradigms Reexamined.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1989, A chaparral family shrub--A genealogy of chaparral ecologists, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad40e3e4b0729c154181b3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Keeley, Sterling C.","contributorId":112968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508391,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006974,"text":"70006974 - 1989 - Acid rain publications by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1979-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T15:47:03","indexId":"70006974","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T15:22:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"80(40.28)","title":"Acid rain publications by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1979-1989","docAbstract":"Pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems has been a concern to society since the burning of fossil fuels began in the industrial revolution. In the past decade or so, this concern has been heightened by evidence that chemical transformation in the atmosphere of combustion by-products and subsequent long-range transport can cause environmental damage in remote areas. The extent of this damage and the rates of ecological recovery were largely unknown. \"Acid rain\" became the environmental issue of the 1980's. To address the increasing concerns of the public, in 1980 the Federal government initiated a 10-year interagency research program to develop information that could be used by the President and the Congress in making decisions for emission controls.
\nThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been an active participant in acid precipitation research. The Service provided support to a number of scientific conferences and forums, including the Action Seminar on Acid Precipitation held in Toronto, Canada, in 1979, an international symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North America in 1981, and a symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Atmospheric Deposition: A Western Perspective in 1982. These meetings as well as the growing involvement with the government's National Acidic Precipitation Assessment Program placed the Service in the lead in research on the biological effects of acidic deposition. Research projects have encompassed water chemistry, aquatic invertebrates, amphibians, fish, and waterfowl. Water quality surveys have been conducted to help determine the extent of acid precipitation effects in the northeast, Middle Atlantic, and Rocky Mountain regions. In addition to lake and stream studies, research in wetland and some terrestrial habitats has also been conducted. Specific projects have addressed important sport species such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Trace metal accumulation in fish has been investigated and a symposium sponsored on related work. U.S> Fish and Wildlife Service scientists serve as advisors and participants in research being conducted by industry, nonprofit groups, State and other Federal agencies. Researcher have worked closely with colleagues in Canada, England, Norway, Scotland, the Soviet Union, and Sweden to gain additional understanding of the problem.
\nIn 1982, the Service implemented a mitigation research program to provide resource managers with information to help them protect sensitive ecosystems, and rehabilitation methods for resources already affected by acidification. An international workshop was convened to outline the research needs. Several conferences were organized to develop appropriate field and laboratory procedures. Scientists with the mitigation research program are evaluating the ecological effects of liming (addition of base material) surface waters and surrounding watershed to provide buffering against acidic inputs. Through long-term cooperative project with States and other organizations, investigations are studying possible abatement methods for regions most affected by acidic deposition.
\nTo date, more than 200 reports the describe these studies have been published. These products include conference proceedings, journal articles, and in-house scientific publications. An education poster describing the effects of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems was developed and distributed to individuals, conservations and State organizations, and the public education system.
\nThis annotated bibliography lists current publications by Service authors, cooperators, or contractors on acid rain and related quality. Entire are arranged alphabetically by author surname.
\nFor further information about the research program, contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Acid Precipitation Section, National Fishery Research Center -- Leetown, Box 700, Kearneysville, WV 25430.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","issn":"0895-1926","usgsCitation":"Villella, R.F., 1989, Acid rain publications by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1979-1989: Biological Report 80(40.28), 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"31","temporalStart":"1979-01-01","temporalEnd":"1989-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae761ee4b0abf75cf2be93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villella, Rita F.","contributorId":73923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"Rita","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206057,"text":"70206057 - 1989 - Preface","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70206057,"text":"70206057 - 1989 - Preface","indexId":"70206057","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Preface"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70206054,"text":"70206054 - 1989 - Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","indexId":"70206054","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70206054,"text":"70206054 - 1989 - Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","indexId":"70206054","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T14:06:06","indexId":"70206057","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T15:19:03","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mélanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE228-pv","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., 1989, Preface, chap. of Mélanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians, p. v-vi, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE228-pv.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"vi","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":748,"text":"748 - 1989 - U.S. Geological Survey state water-data reports water year 1987-: hydrologic records of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T15:17:34","indexId":"748","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T15:15:56","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey state water-data reports water year 1987-: hydrologic records of the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/748","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, U.S. Geological Survey state water-data reports water year 1987-: hydrologic records of the United States, computer laser optical disks, https://doi.org/10.3133/748.","productDescription":"computer laser optical disks","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efdfe4b0fe532be2dea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206056,"text":"70206056 - 1989 - Mélanges and olistostromes in the Appalachians of the United States and mainland Canada; An assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70206056,"text":"70206056 - 1989 - Mélanges and olistostromes in the Appalachians of the United States and mainland Canada; An assessment","indexId":"70206056","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mélanges and olistostromes in the Appalachians of the United States and mainland Canada; An assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70206054,"text":"70206054 - 1989 - Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","indexId":"70206054","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70206054,"text":"70206054 - 1989 - Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians","indexId":"70206054","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Melanges Olistostromes of the U.S. Appalachians"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T15:18:11","indexId":"70206056","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T15:11:27","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mélanges and olistostromes in the Appalachians of the United States and mainland Canada; An assessment","docAbstract":"There is no completely accepted definition of a mélange, and the papers in this volume reflect this fact. In our regional assessment, the term mélange is principally used for a technically fragmented and mixed body of rock. A different term, olistostrome, is used for a chaotic and mixed rock body that formed by sedimentary processes such as slumping or gravity sliding. The term olistostromal mélange is used here if sedimentary processes and tectonic deformation were both involved in the fragmentation and mixing. In some cases there is evidence that these were effectively concurrent. Four main belts of Paleozoic mélanges and olistostromes have been recorded in the Appalachians of the northeastern United States and mainland Canada. These include: (1) olistostromes and olistostromal mélanges along Logan's line and the Taconic allochthons, which are related to thrusting during the Taconian orogeny; (2) mélanges associated with ophiolite fragments along the Baie Verte-Brompton line, which are thought to represent a Taconian suture; (3) mélanges containing ophiolite fragments along the Hurricane Mountain mélange belt (Boone and Boudette, this volume), which are thought to represent a Penobscottian terrane boundary; and (4) Acadian mélanges and olistostromes such as the Silurian Deadman Harbour mélange, an olistostromal mélange that probably formed at the front of an Acadian overthrust. In addition, Precambrian olistostromes have been recognized in southeastern New England and in the Green Head Formation of New Brunswick. These may have originated along normal faults on the rifted continental shelf of Gondwanaland, or they may relate to an earlier Pan-African cycle. These Precambrian olistostromes, therefore, accompany the extensional development of the Iapetus Ocean, whereas the Paleozoic olistostromes and mélanges mark its progressive closure. Five main sets of Paleozoic mélanges and olistostromes have been recorded in the central and southern Appalachians. These are: (1) a composite mélange-olistostrome belt in the Piedmont of Maryland and Virginia that includes olistostromes such as the Sykesville Formation (of unknown age) and mélanges such as those of the Morgan Run Formation (of debated age) and Mine Run Complex, some of which contain possible ophiolite fragments; (2) mélanges in the Blue Ridge Province from Virginia to Alabama, which contain possible ophiolite fragments; (3) Silurian or Early Devonian olistostromes of the Lay Dam Formation in the Talladega slate belt of Alabama; (4) mélanges, including the Falls Lake and Juliette mélanges in the Carolinas and Georgia, that border the Carolina terrane as defined by Secor and others (1983); and (5) broken formations and mélanges along major faults such as the Pulaski and Brevard, which are mostly related to Alleghanian thrusting. In addition, there is good evidence in the Ocoee Supergroup of the Blue Ridge Province for Late Proterozoic olistostromes related to the initiation of grabens prior to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.
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