Near-bottom currents, light transmission and scattering, and bottom pressure were measured with GEOPROBE tripods and vector-averaging current meters during June 1979 to April 1980 on the central shelf 10 km west of the Russian River, California. The instruments were located on the mid-shelf mud belt composed of bimodal sandy clayey silts contributed principally by the Russian River. During the summer season of persistent northwesterly, upwelling-favorable winds, the average and maximum current speeds 5 m above the bottom were 11 and 31 cm s−1, respectively. The mean (subtidal) flow at 5 m above bottom was poleward and slightly offshore at about 6 cm s−1. The strongest wave-generated bottom currents were about 10 cm s−1, but oscillatory velocities > 5 cm s−1 were infrequent. Suspended-matter concentrations, derived from the optical data at 1.9 m above the bottom, ranged from 1 to 6 mg l−1. The optical data show that the currents and waves were generally below threshold levels for sediment erosion through the summer. In contrast, during the autumn and, particularly, the winter months, the average and maximum concentrations of suspended matter increased substantially. The increases were primarily caused by larger waves from distant storms and short intervals of strong currents associated with local storms and, secondarily, by the large seasonal flow of the Russian River. Wind-driven and wave-generated bottom currents were as large as 37 and 45 cm s−1, respectively, during local storms in December 1979 and February 1980. Suspended-matter concentrations averaged about 7 mg l−1 during non-storm winter periods, but increased to nearly 150 mg l−1 during a December storm. Estimates of suspended-matter flux near the bottom show that the local winter storms, which had a combined duration of about 12 days, could account for 30 to 50% of the total annual suspended-sediment transport at the mid-shelf site. Although intervals of large swell were at times superimposed on southward advective currents, the major sediment-transport events were caused by strong southerly winds that produced poleward bottom currents with a significant offshore component. The primary aspects of the distribution of modern sediments on this shelf are in good agreement with the observed poleward transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1985, Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 4, no. 5, p. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Russian River shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ece4b08c986b316c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012359,"text":"70012359 - 1985 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012359","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK.","docAbstract":"The purpose of the National Trends Network is to delineate the major inorganic constituents in the wet deposition in the United States. The approach chosen to monitor the Nation's wet deposition is to install approximately 150 automatic sampling devices with at least one collector in each state. Samples are collected at one week intervals, removed from collectors, and transported to an analytical laboratory for chemical analysis. The quality assurance program has divided wet deposition monitoring into 5 parts: (1) Sampling site selection, (2) sampling device, (3) sample container, (4) sample handling, and (5) laboratory analysis. Each of these five components is being examined using existing designs or new designs. Each existing or proposed sampling site is visited and a criteria audit is performed.","conferenceTitle":"Transactions - Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurements.","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"APCA (TR-3)","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., and Malo, B.A., 1985, QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK., Transactions - Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurements., Boulder, CO, USA, p. 254-260.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a906de4b0c8380cd7fd24","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson Ted R.Penkala Stanley J.","contributorId":128455,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Johnson Ted R.Penkala Stanley J.","id":536249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, LeRoy J.","contributorId":8454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"LeRoy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malo, Bernard A.","contributorId":78868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014260,"text":"1014260 - 1985 - Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T16:52:17","indexId":"1014260","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii)","docAbstract":"1. A semi-purified test diet which contained either glutamic acid or glycine as the major source of nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was fed to lake and rainbow trout.
2. Trout fed the diet containing glutamic acid consistently showed better growth and feed conversion efficiencies than those fed the diets containing glycine.
3. The data indicate that these trout utilize glutamic acid more efficiently than glycine when no other major sources of NEAA are present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(85)91045-X","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1985, Evaluation of glutamic acid and glycine as sources of nonessential amino acids for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 81A, no. 3, p. 669-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)91045-X.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"671","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81A","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014497,"text":"1014497 - 1985 - Niacin requirement for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from ultraviolet-B irradiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T00:04:49.709513","indexId":"1014497","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niacin requirement for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from ultraviolet-B irradiation","docAbstract":"Triplicate groups of 75 rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, (mean weight 0–76 g) were fed a semipurified diet containing added niacinamide in amounts of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg/kg diet (ppm), for 16 weeks to determine the amount of niacinamide needed for optimum growth, feed conversion, and prevention of dermatopathy induced by UV light. At the end of the study, fish were exposed to a 275-W sun lamp limiting in the UV-B spectrum (280–360 UV) for 20h. Trout fed no supplemental niacinamide grew significantly slower than all other fish. Growth increased with each niacinamide increment through 10ppm. but not at higher increments. Feed conversion paralleled growth response to niacinamide. Exposure to UV light induced dermal lesions in trout fed less than 10ppm niacinamide. Initially, focal white spots appeared anterior to the dorsal fin, and caudal and pectoral fins became depigmented and translucent. Later, extensive erosion in caudal and pectoral fins was accompanied by desquamation of the epidermis and underlying tissues of the caudal peduncle, head and snout. Results indicated that rainbow trout need at least 10ppm niacinamide for optimum growth, feed conversion and protection against 'sunburn’caused by UV light.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: status in the United States, 1985: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 2, p. 295-299, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013962,"text":"1013962 - 1985 - You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1013962","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Collins, C., 1985, You asked for it! Use of unregistered fishery compounds poses problems: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 11, no. 5, p. 53-54.","productDescription":"p. 53-54","startPage":"53","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, C.","contributorId":12415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013111,"text":"70013111 - 1985 - Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T15:59:04","indexId":"70013111","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden","docAbstract":"A pilot study was carried out on two relatively deep drill-cores (∼ 600 m) from the Götemar Granite massif in S.E. Sweden. This granite is typical of the 1400-Ma anorogenic granites of the northern hemisphere. Samples from representative, unfractured parts of the cores, together with four samples taken along a profile tangential to a fracture plane at ∼ 280-m depth, were investigated chemically, mineralogically and isotopically. The results show that after crystallisation, subtle and pervasive open-system modifications of the trace-element chemistry of the granite took place. Whereas the major-element chemistry and minera-logical data emphasised the relative homogeneity of the Götemar Granite samples investigated, trace elements such as U, Rb, and Pb revealed irregular distributions which are probably the result of large-scale hydrothermal alteration processes. This conclusion is supported by isotopic studies which indicate that whole-rock samples were open to a gain or loss of Pb and possibly U at ∼ 420 ± 171 Ma ago. In addition, isotopic data for U-Pb and U-Ra are consistent with a recent minor loss of U.
\nThe pervasive alteration and the more recent mobilisation of U are evident to a depth of at least 600 m. The effects are most prevalent along major fracture zones and within the upper 250–300 m of one drill-hole where a high frequency of crush zones has been noted. Higher Fe oxidation ratios, higher Rb contents, lower U contents and correspondingly higher Th/U ratios, all characterise this zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Smellie, J.A., and Stuckless, J.S., 1985, Element mobility studies of two drill-cores from the Götemar Granite (Kråkemåla test site), southeast Sweden: Chemical Geology, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 55-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266110,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90087-7"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08b7e4b0c8380cd51c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smellie, John A.T.","contributorId":26437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27088,"text":"wri844094 - 1985 - Nonpoint-source discharges and water quality of the Elk Creek basin, west-central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T18:28:59.552368","indexId":"wri844094","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4094","title":"Nonpoint-source discharges and water quality of the Elk Creek basin, west-central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Elk Creek basin in west-central Wisconsin was studied during the 1980 water year to define the water quality in relation to streamflow. Agricultural nonpoint-source discharges were suspected of contributing significantly to degraded water quality. Two water quality and streamflow gaging stations were established--one on Elk Creek near Independence and the other on Bruce Valley Creek near Pleasantville.
Streamflow for the 1980 water year was about 28% greater than average, and precipitation was about 36% greater than average. At Elk Creek, base flow was about 68% of the total stream discharge and, at Bruce Valley Creek, base flow was about 56% of the total stream discharge. Streamflow at Elk Creek during the study ranged from 43 to 1,020 cu ft/sec; Bruce Valley Creek discharges ranged from 2.8 to 306 cu ft/sec. The low flow discharges are significantly greater than the 2-year, 7-day low flow, whereas the peak discharges were between a 2-year and a 5-year flood recurrence interval.
Suspended-sediment yields were greatest at Bruce Valley Creek, and was 215 ton/sq mi/yr compared with 184 ton/sq mi/yr for Elk Creek. Double mass-accumulation curves, however, indicated that loading rates were similar for both stations. Suspended sediment and nutrient yields were slightly above the long-term average.
Total phosphorus , ammonia nitrogen, and organic nitrogen yields also were highest at Bruce Valley Creek. Phosphorus yields at Bruce Valley Creek were 1,6000 lb/sq mi/yr compared with 1,350 lb/sq mi/yr at Elk Creek. Because base flow was a greater percentage of total discharge, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen yields and loads were highest at Elk Creek.
All phosphorus concentrations at Bruce Valley and Elk Creeks exceeded levels recommended by EPA to prevent the formation of biological nuisance growths. Only one sample, collected on March 18, 1980, at Bruce Valley Creek may have exceeded the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources criterion of toxic levels for un-ionized ammonia (0.04 mg/L). No samples from Elk Creek extended the criteria. (
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., 1985, Nonpoint-source discharges and water quality of the Elk Creek basin, west-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4094, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844094.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415016,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35985.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Trempealeau County","otherGeospatial":"Bruce Valley Creek, Elk Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -91.217,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -91.217,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e480ae4b07f02db4d2c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003162,"text":"1003162 - 1985 - Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T11:22:07.321887","indexId":"1003162","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish","docAbstract":"Waters in the Great Lakes basin contain more than 400 contaminant chemicals that potentially affect fishery resources, commerce, and human inhabitants. We determined in the laboratory the effects of selected contaminants on the toxicity of the widely used lampricides TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) and Bayer 73 (2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide) to three species of fish—rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The fish were exposed to paired mixtures of lampricides and selected contaminants in standardized, acute static toxicity tests to determine the resulting type of response—less than additive, additive, or greater than additive (synergistic). As expected, the toxicities of combinations of lampricides with organic pesticides, metal, industrial or municipal pollutants, and tannic acid were mostly additive. However, the toxicity of a combination of TFM, Delnav, and malathion was synergistic, and extremely small quantities of each chemical became lethal when mixed. The concentration that produced 50% mortality was 1.64 mg/L for TFM alone but only 0.041 mg/L for TFM with the pesticides. Toxicities of the pesticides in the combination also increased commensurately. The triple combination of chemicals produced extraordinary synergism and effectively demonstrated the hazards that may result if certain chemical combinations occur in the aquatic environment. However, synergism is not the only kind of toxic action that produces hazards to aquatic organisms. All three types of toxic action are of concern because toxic units produced by contaminant chemicals add to the toxic units of applied management chemicals. Since the toxicity of the majority of chemical combinations is simply additive, this cumulative toxic action contributes more total units to aquatic environments than the extreme actions of less than additive and synergism. The toxicity of the lampricide TFM, as well as other management chemicals, is reinforced by the presence of any contaminant that contributes additional units of toxicity. Therefore, all types of cumulative toxic action should be of concern to people and agencies involved with protecting the environment.
Invertebrate colonization on newly introduced rock substrates was examined from July through October 1982 in the tailwater of Barren River Lake, Kentucky. Chironomidae, the dominant taxon of benthic insects, reached full colonization by day 14. Colonization by Oligochaeta, the other major invertebrate taxon, was not completed by the end of the 95-day period of observation. It may have been delayed because insufficient food (periphyton and detritus) had accumulated on the clean rocks. Rapid recolonization of dewatered substrates may be especially critical for maintaining adequate fish food in tailwaters of flood-control reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089","usgsCitation":"Swink, W., and Novotny, J., 1985, Invertebrate colonization rates in the tailwater of a Kentucky flood-control reservoir: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 27-34, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Barren River Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b5e4b07f02db53389c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swink, W.D.","contributorId":66200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"W.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novotny, J.F.","contributorId":95856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013517,"text":"70013517 - 1985 - DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013517","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"The Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) program encompasses a multi-discipline effort involving geologists, hydrologists, engineers, geographers, and cartographers of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Since the program began in 1980, more than 520,000 square miles of aerial coverage of SLAR data in the conterminous United States and Alaska have been acquired or contracted for acquisition. The Geological Survey has supported more than 60 research and applications projects addressing the use of this technology in the earth sciences since 1980. These projects have included preparation of lithographic reproductions of SLAR mosaics, research to improve the cartographic uses of SLAR, research for use of SLAR in assessing earth hazards, and studies using SLAR for energy and mineral exploration through improved geologic mapping.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.E., and Kover, A.N., 1985, DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., in Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA, p. 767-770.","startPage":"767","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd30e4b0c8380cd4e6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John Edwin","contributorId":77301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kover, Allan N.","contributorId":90809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003303,"text":"1003303 - 1985 - Observations on twinning in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T11:19:46.453325","indexId":"1003303","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on twinning in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the laboratory","docAbstract":"Forty-five sets of separate, normal twins were produced from four portions of the eggs from one female sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) each fertilized by a different male. The percentage of twinning in the different groups of embryos ranged from 1.0 to 1.7. Although the development of some of the twins was slightly slower than average, that of most was within the normal range for sea lamprey embryos. The twins were smaller than non-twins, and one twin was usually smaller than the other. Although the discovery of Siamese twins in fish is not uncommon, separate, normal twins have seldom been reported.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(85)90060-9","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W.L., and Malcolm, M., 1985, Preparation, homogenization, and storage of earth standards used and distributed by the International Humic Substances Society: Organic Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 1, p. 109-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(85)90060-9.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Illinois, North 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\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b28e4b0c8380cd7e197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W. L.","contributorId":46939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malcolm, Mollie","contributorId":76593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Mollie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013459,"text":"70013459 - 1985 - Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:07:07","indexId":"70013459","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2914,"text":"Numerical heat transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.","docAbstract":"An algorithm is presented for the numerical solution of the Laplace equation boundary-value problem, which is assumed to apply to soil freezing or thawing. The Laplace equation is numerically approximated by the complex-variable boundary-element method. The algorithm aids in reducing integrated relative error by providing a true measure of modeling error along the solution domain boundary. This measure of error can be used to select locations for adding, removing, or relocating nodal points on the boundary or to provide bounds for the integrated relative error of unknown nodal variable values along the boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Numerical heat transfer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01495720","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., and Guymon, G.L., 1985, Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.: Numerical heat transfer, v. 8, no. 1, p. 115-130.","startPage":"115","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ae4b0c8380cd471db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013032,"text":"70013032 - 1985 - Earthquake hazards to domestic water distribution systems in Salt Lake County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T12:21:54","indexId":"70013032","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Earthquake hazards to domestic water distribution systems in Salt Lake County, Utah","docAbstract":"A magnitude-7. 5 earthquake occurring along the central portion of the Wasatch Fault, Utah, may cause significant damage to Salt Lake County's domestic water system. This system is composed of water treatment plants, aqueducts, distribution mains, and other facilities that are vulnerable to ground shaking, liquefaction, fault movement, and slope failures. Recent investigations into surface faulting, landslide potential, and earthquake intensity provide basic data for evaluating the potential earthquake hazards to water-distribution systems in the event of a large earthquake. Water supply system components may be vulnerable to one or more earthquake-related effects, depending on site geology and topography. Case studies of water-system damage by recent large earthquakes in Utah and in other regions of the United States offer valuable insights in evaluating water system vulnerability to earthquakes.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Distribution System Symposium","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"AWWA","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","isbn":"0898673488","usgsCitation":"Highland, L.M., 1985, Earthquake hazards to domestic water distribution systems in Salt Lake County, Utah, Proceedings - Distribution System Symposium, Seattle, WA, p. 3-18.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0452e4b0c8380cd508db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Highland, Lynn M. highland@usgs.gov","contributorId":1292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"Lynn","email":"highland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003054,"text":"1003054 - 1985 - Distribution and food habits of young-of-the-year fishes in a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T11:53:01.447679","indexId":"1003054","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and food habits of young-of-the-year fishes in a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The distribution patterns and food habits of young-of-the-year (YOY) fishes in a lentic area adjacent to the main channel of Pool 7 of the upper Mississippi River were studied. Habitats sampled grouped distinctly based on percent composition and abundance of YOY fishes with those having submergent vegetation dominated by a number of important sport species. In late spring, the grouping of stations depended on the presence or absence of newly transformed northern pike (Esox lucius). In early summer, stations did not differ as distinctly in composition, but in total abundance of young. Those stations with submergent vegetation had total catches which were more than double those elsewhere. By late summer, submergent and mixed vegetation stations formed a distinct assemblage influenced by the preponderance of three species of sunfishes. (DBO).","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Holland, L.E., and Huston, M., 1985, Distribution and food habits of young-of-the-year fishes in a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 81-91.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64960e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, L. E.","contributorId":104853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huston, M.L.","contributorId":16794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139732,"text":"70139732 - 1985 - Digital to analog conversion and visual evaluation of Thematic Mapper data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:42:12","indexId":"70139732","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2348,"text":"Journal of Imaging Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital to analog conversion and visual evaluation of Thematic Mapper data","docAbstract":"As a part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat D Image Data Quality Analysis Program, the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center (EDC) developed procedures to optimize the visual information content of Thematic Mapper data and evaluate the resulting photographic products by visual interpretation. A digital-to-analog transfer function was developed which would properly place the digital values on the most useable portion of a film response curve. Individual black-and-white transparencies generated using the resulting look-up tables were utilized in the production of color-composite images with varying band combinations. Four experienced photointerpreters ranked 2-cm-diameter (0. 75 inch) chips of selected image features of each band combination for ease of interpretability. A nonparametric rank-order test determined the significance of interpreter preference for the band combinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Engineering Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"McCord, J.R., Binnie, D.R., and Seevers, P.M., 1985, Digital to analog conversion and visual evaluation of Thematic Mapper data: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 3, p. 125-130.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b7ae4b08de9379b33ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, James R.","contributorId":17998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binnie, Douglas R. binnie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"Douglas","email":"binnie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seevers, Paul M.","contributorId":66415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139731,"text":"70139731 - 1985 - Total chemical management in photographic processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:42:33","indexId":"70139731","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2348,"text":"Journal of Imaging Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Total chemical management in photographic processing","docAbstract":"The mission of the U. S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center is to produce high-quality photographs of the earth taken from aircraft and Landsat satellite. In order to meet the criteria of producing research-quality photographs, while at the same time meeting strict environmental restrictions, a total photographic chemical management system was installed. This involved a three-part operation consisting of the design of a modern chemical analysis laboratory, the implementation of a chemical regeneration system, and the installation of a waste treatment system, including in-plant pretreatment and outside secondary waste treatment. Over the last ten years the result of this program has yielded high-quality photographs while saving approximately 30,000 per year and meeting all Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) restrictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Luden, C., and Schultz, R., 1985, Total chemical management in photographic processing: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 2, p. 74-82.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c73e4b08de9379b3805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luden, Charles","contributorId":138995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luden","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Ronald","contributorId":13815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013047,"text":"70013047 - 1985 - Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013047","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","docAbstract":"Most of the old cratered highlands of Mars are dissected by branching river valleys that appear to have been cut by running water1,2 yet liquid water is unstable everywhere on the martian surface. In the equatorial region, where most of the valleys are observed, even ice is unstable3,4. It has been suggested, therefore, that Mars had an early denser atmosphere with sufficient greenhouse warming to allow the existence of liquid water 5. Here, we suggest instead that during periods of very high obliquities, ice could accumulate at low latitudes as a result of sustained sublimation of ice from the poles and transport of the water vapour equatorwards. At low latitudes, the water vapour would saturate the atmosphere and condense onto the surface where it would accumulate until lower obliquities prevailed. The mechanism is efficient only at the very high obliquities that occurred before formation of Tharsis very early in the planet's history, but limited equatorial ice accumulation could also have occurred at the highest obliquities during the rest of the planet's history. Partial melting of the ice could have provided runoff to form the channels or replenish the groundwater system. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315559a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Jakosky, B., and Carr, M.H., 1985, Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity: Nature, v. 315, no. 6020, p. 559-561, https://doi.org/10.1038/315559a0.","startPage":"559","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315559a0"},{"id":220122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e35e4b0c8380cd7a3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29669,"text":"wri844128 - 1985 - A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:23:59.479672","indexId":"wri844128","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4128","title":"A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","docAbstract":"A conceptual groundwater-quality monitoring network was developed for San Fernando Valley to provide the California State Water Resources Control Board with an integrated, basinwide control system to monitor the quality of groundwater. The geology, occurrence and movement of groundwater, land use, background water quality, and potential sources of pollution were described and then considered in designing the conceptual monitoring network. The network was designed to monitor major known and potential point and nonpoint sources of groundwater contamination over time. The network is composed of 291 sites where wells are needed to define the groundwater quality. The ideal network includes four specific-purpose networks to monitor (1) ambient water quality, (2) nonpoint sources of pollution, (3) point sources of pollution, and (4) line sources of pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844128","usgsCitation":"Setmire, J.G., 1985, A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4128, Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415361,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36006.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58497,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58496,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58495,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58494,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b000d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Setmire, J. G.","contributorId":16818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12339,"text":"ofr84843P - 1985 - Thorium, cerium, and monazite survey of the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:48:17.346741","indexId":"ofr84843P","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-843","chapter":"P","title":"Thorium, cerium, and monazite survey of the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84843P","usgsCitation":"Siems, D.F., Griffitts, W.R., Whitlow, J.W., and Duttweiler, K., 1985, Thorium, cerium, and monazite survey of the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-843, Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 37.05 x 25.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84843P.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 37.05 x 25.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416883,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":40576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843p/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843p/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843p/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duttweiler, K.A.","contributorId":68310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duttweiler","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001539,"text":"1001539 - 1985 - Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:36:11","indexId":"1001539","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring","docAbstract":"Body weight, fat, and protein levels of arctic-nesting Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) were measured at several locations during spring migration and on the breeding grounds. Body weights of adult males and females increased by about 34% (1,129 g) and 30% (953 g) from early March at the Platte River to late April at Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan; average fat content increased from about 250 to 990 g. Rates of weight gain and fat deposition among males and females averaged 25-18 and 16-13 g/day. Body weights and fat content of cranes staging along the North Platte River followed similar patterns and usually were higher than along the Platte River during comparable periods. Fat reserves of paired cranes collected after their arrival at a major breeding ground on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska averaged about 530 g, or about 46% less than peak fat content in Saskatchewan. Patterns of weight increase and fat deposition in cranes during migration were similar to those previously described for northern-nesting geese, except that nutrient storage is not sex specific in cranes. Body protein of adult female cranes did not change significantly during spring migration (P = 0.28). Female cranes allocate less nutrients to clutch formation in proportion to body size than do northern-nesting geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4086780 ","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Iverson, G., Reinecke, K.J., and Boise, C., 1985, Fat deposition and usage by arctic-nesting sandhill cranes during spring: The Auk, v. 102, no. 2, p. 362-368, https://doi.org/10.2307/4086780 .","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bc898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, G.C.","contributorId":30590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boise, C.M.","contributorId":31723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boise","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70164463,"text":"70164463 - 1985 - The basin and range viewed from Borah Peak, Idaho.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T11:23:47","indexId":"70164463","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The basin and range viewed from Borah Peak, Idaho.","docAbstract":"In 1883, the brilliant geologist G. K. Gilbert wrote an article for the Salt Lake Tribune, \"A theory of earthquakes of the Great Basin,\" which began:
\nThere are many geologists who are very wise, but even they do not understand the forces which produce mountains. And yet it must be admitted, not only that mountains have been made, but that some mountains are still rising (Gilbert, 1884).
\nToday, more than a hundred years later, Borah Peak has proved to be among those mountains still rising. During the 28 October 1983 M=7 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake, the Lost River Range that Borah Peak caps was lifted 20-30 cm relative to distant points, and was tilted downward away from the range-bounding Lost River fault. The downthrown side of the fault, which subsided as much as 120 cm, was also tilted down toward the fault. The similarity between the earthquake deformation and the cumulative deformation preserved by the dip of strata is striking; it tends to confirm Gilbert's notion that Basin-and-Range topography is built by repeated slip events on normal faults that bound the range. The U.S Geological Survey had just published a preliminary volume of 40 research papers on the Borah Peak earthquake, focusing on the surface faulting, seismology, geodesy, hydrology, and geology of the earthquake and tis setting (Stein and Bucknam 1985). Also included is a field guide to the spectacular earthquake landforms, such as sruface rupture, exploratory trench excavations, sand blows, and landslides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., and Bucknam, R., 1985, The basin and range viewed from Borah Peak, Idaho.: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 3, p. 98-105.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak, Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 43.887995955026405\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 44.3670601700202\n ],\n [\n -113.24432373046875,\n 44.3670601700202\n ],\n [\n -113.24432373046875,\n 43.887995955026405\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 43.887995955026405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d65ee4b0cc79998173ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}