The U.S. Geological Survey's program for geologic and hydrologic evaluation of physiographic provinces to identify areas potentially suitable for locating repository sites for disposal of high-level nuclear wastes was announced to the Governors of the eight States in the Basin and Range Province on May 5, 1981. Representatives of Arizona, California, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah, were invited to cooperate with the Federal Government in the evaluation process. Each Governor was requested to nominate an Earth scientist to represent the State in a province working group composed of State and U.S. Geological Survey representatives. This report, Part I of a three-part report, provides the background, introduction and scope of the study. This part also includes a discussion of geologic and hydrologic guidelines that will be used in the evaluation process and illustrates geohydrologic environments and the effect of individual factors in providing multiple natural barriers to radionuclide migration.
Part II is a reconnaissance characterization of the geologic and hydrologic factors to be used in the initial screening of the Basin and Range Province. Part III will be the initial evaluation of the Province and will identify regions that appear suitable for further study.
The plan for study of the Province includes a stepwise screening process by which successively smaller land units are considered in increasing detail. Each step involves characterization of the geology and hydrology and selection of subunits for more intensive characterization. Selection of subunits for further study is by evaluation of geologic and hydrologic conditions following a set of guidelines. By representation on the Province Working Group, the States participate in a consultation and review role in: (1) Establishing geologic and hydrologic guidelines, and (2) characterizing and evaluating the Province. The States also participate in compilation of geologic and hydrologic data used in characterizing the Province.
The current (1983) needs for a high-level radioactive waste repository include: (1) Disposal in a mined repository; (2) retrievability of the waste for as much as 50 years; and (3) confidence of isolation of the waste from the accessible environment. Isolation of the waste needs to be assured using geologic and hydrologic conditions that: (1) Minimize risk of inadvertent future intrusions by man; (2) minimize the possibility of disturbance by processes that would expose the waste or increase its mobility; and (3) provide a system of natural barriers to the migration of waste by ground water. The guidelines adopted by the Province Working Group are designed to provide a standard with which these conditions can be compared.
The guidelines can be grouped into four principal categories: (1) Potential host media, (2) ground-water conditions, (3) tectonic conditions, and. (4) occurrence of natural resources. Ideally the host medium constitutes the first natural barrier to migration of radionculides. The host medium ideally should be a rock type that prevents or retards dissolution and transport of radionuclides. Rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones may have desirable characteristics for host media. Rocks-other than the host-in the ground-water flow path from the repository ideally should be major barriers to radionuclide migration. Confining beds of low permeability might be present to retard the rate of flow between more permeable beds. Additionally, sorption of radionuclides by materials such as clays and zeolites in the flow path can further retard the flow of radionuclides by several orders of magnitude. Tectonic conditions in an area should not present a probable cause for exhumation or increased mobility of radioactive waste. Natural resources are a factor for consideration because of the problem of future human intrusion and exposure to radioactivity in the quest for minerals, oil, gas, water, and geothermal resources.
The ultimate evaluation of the suitability of a geohydrologic environment for developing a mined repository needs to assess all geologic and hydrologic characteristics and their interaction in providing confidence that a geohydrologic environment will effectively isolate radionuclides from human access. Several hypothetical settings with typical geohydrologic conditions in the Basin and Range Province are used to illustrate the effect of multiple barriers in the isolation of radionuclides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir904A","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Sargent, K., and Reed, J., 1984, Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 904, viii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir904A.","productDescription":"viii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir904B","text":"Circular 904-B","linkHelpText":"Part II, Geologic and hydrologic characterization"},{"id":335933,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir904C","text":"Circular 904-C","linkHelpText":"Part III, Geologic and hydrologic evaluation"},{"id":121301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0904a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0904a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -104.8974609375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -104.6337890625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -102.7880859375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -108.544921875,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -111.33544921874999,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -119.50927734374999,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"This is Part I of a series of reports being prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in consultation with States in the Basin and Range Province.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a824a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, Kenneth A.","contributorId":15998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"Kenneth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4195,"text":"cir913 - 1984 - Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T12:05:09","indexId":"cir913","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"913","title":"Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983","docAbstract":"The surface level of Great Salt Lake, Utah, fluctuates continuously, primarily in response to climatic factors. During 1847-1982 the lake surface fluctuated between a low of about 4,191 feet and a high of about 4,212 feet above sea level but showed no net change. From September 18, 1982, to June 30, 1983, however, the lake rose 5.2 feet-from about 4,200 to about 4,205 feet above sea level-which is the greatest seasonal rise ever recorded. That rise resulted from considerably greater than average rainfall in 1982, greater than average snowfall during the autumn of 1982 through the spring of 1983, and unseasonably cool weather during that spring.
Man's activities have had a lesser, but still important effect on the lake level. The lake surface would have been about 5 feet higher in 1983 had there been no consumptive use of water owing to man's activities in the lake basin since 1847. The lake has been divided into two parts by a railroad causeway since 1959. The causeway restricts natural circulation, resulting in a difference of salinity and surface level of the lake across the causeway. The difference in surface level between the two parts of the lake varies both seasonally and annually and was as much as 3.25 feet in 1983.
The water budget for the Great Salt Lake can be expressed as:
Inflow = Outflow ± Storage change
The average annual inflow for 1931-76 was about 2.9 million acre-feet-about 1.9 million acre-feet from surface water, about 900,000 acre-feet from direct precipitation, and about 75,000 acre-feet from ground water. The average annual outflow for the same period, all by evaporation, also was about 2.9 million acre-feet. There was no net change in storage during the period.
The famed buoyancy of the brine in Great Salt Lake results from a dissolved-mineral content of almost 5 billion tons. More than 2 million additional tons have been added to the lake annually in recent years. The major dissolved ions in the brine are chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and potassium.
Prior to completion of the railroad causeway, the salinity of the brine varied inversely with the lake level. Since the causeway divided the lake into two parts, the salinity of the brine in the north part has been relatively constant at or close to saturation. The salinity of the brine in the south part has 1 continued to change inversely with the lake level, but the salinity has been less than it would have been without the causeway.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir913","usgsCitation":"Arnow, T., 1984, Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 913, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir913.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31309,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0913/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0913/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 40.538851525354666\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 40.538851525354666\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 40.538851525354666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e782d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnow, Ted","contributorId":84733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnow","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4085,"text":"cir888 - 1984 - Phosphate rock resources of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8240,"text":"ofr81789 - 1981 - A summary of phosphate-rock resources of the United States-an analysis of past estimates","indexId":"ofr81789","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"A summary of phosphate-rock resources of the United States-an analysis of past estimates"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4085,"text":"cir888 - 1984 - Phosphate rock resources of the United States","indexId":"cir888","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Phosphate rock resources of the United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"888","title":"Phosphate rock resources of the United States","docAbstract":"In 1980, the United States produced about 54 million tons of phosphate rock, or about 40 percent of the world's production, of which a substantial amount was exported, both as phosphate rock and as chemical fertilizer. During the last decade, predictions have been made that easily ruinable, low-cost reserves of phosphate rock would be exhausted, and that by the end of this century, instead of being a major exporter of phosphate rock, the United States might become a net importer. Most analysts today, however, think that exports will indeed decline in the next one or two decades, but that resources of phosphate are sufficient to supply domestic needs for a long time into the future. \r\n\r\nWhat will happen in the future depends on the actual availability of low-cost phosphate rock reserves in the United States and in the world. A realistic understanding of future phosphate rock reserves is dependent on an accurate assessment, now, of national phosphate rock resources. Many different estimates of resources exist; none of them alike. The detailed analysis of past resource estimates presented in this report indicates that the estimates differ more in what is being estimated than in how much is thought to exist. \r\n\r\nThe phosphate rock resource classification used herein is based on the two fundamental aspects of a mineral resource(l) the degree of certainty of existence and (2) the feasibility of economic recovery. The comparison of past estimates (including all available company data), combined with the writers' personal knowledge, indicates that 17 billion metric tons of identified, recoverable phosphate rock exist in the United States, of which about 7 billion metric tons are thought to be economic or marginally economic. The remaining 10 billion metric tons, mostly in the Northwestern phosphate district of Idaho, are considered to be subeconomic, ruinable when some increase in the price of phosphate occurs. \r\n\r\nMore than 16 billion metric tons probably exist in the southeastern Coastal Plain phosphate province, principally in Florida and North Carolina and offshore in the shallow Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to southern Florida. This resource is considered to be hypothetical because it is based on geologic inference combined with sparse drilling data. Total resources of phosphate rock in the United States are sufficient to supply domestic demands for the foreseeable future, provided that drilling is done to confirm hypothetical resources and the chemistry of the deposits is determined. Mining and beneficiation techniques will have to be modified or improved, and new techniques will have to be developed so that these deposits can be profitably exploited.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir888","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J.B., Sheldon, R.P., and Gulbrandsen, R.A., 1984, Phosphate rock resources of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 888, iv, 48 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir888.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0888/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0888/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, James Bachelder","contributorId":19540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Bachelder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheldon, Richard Porter","contributorId":59018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Porter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gulbrandsen, Robert A.","contributorId":83083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3678,"text":"cir922A - 1984 - Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"cir922A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"922","chapter":"A","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region","docAbstract":"The estimates of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in the northwest European region at probability levels of 95 percent, 5 percent, statistical mean, and mode are for oil (in billions of barrels): 9, 34, 20, and 15; and for gas (in trillions of cubic feet): 92, 258, 167, and 162. The occurrence of petroleum can be accounted for in two distinct geological plays located in the various subbasins of the region. Play I is associated with the distribution of mature source rocks of Late Jurassic age relative to four distinct trapping conditions. The play has been demonstrated productive mostly in the Viking and Central Grabens of the North Sea, where the shale has been buried to optimum depths for the generation of both oil and gas. To the north of 62 ? N. latitude up to the Barents Sea, source rocks become increasingly deeply buried and are interpreted to be dominantly gas prone; a narrow band of potentially oil-prone shales tracks most of the coast of Norway, but water depths in favorable localities commonly range from 600 to 1,200 feet. To the south of the Central Graben, the Jurassic source rocks are either immature or minimally productive because of a change in facies. Undrilled traps remain within the favorable source-rock area, and exploration will continue to challenge the boundaries of conventional wisdom, especially on the Norwegian side where little has .been reported on the geology of the adjoining Bergen High or Horda Basin, though, reportedly, the Jurassic source rocks are missing on the high and are immature in the southern part of the basin. \r\n\r\nPlay II is associated with the distribution of a coal facies of Carboniferous age that is mature for the generation of gas and locally underlies favorable reservoir and sealing rocks. The play is limited largely by facies development to the present area of discovery and production but is limited as well to the southeast into onshore Netherlands and Germany by the unfavorable economics of an increasing nitrogen content in the gas. This increase is apparently caused by excessive temperatures associated with increasing depth of burial of the source rock. \r\n\r\nThe history of discovery in the North Sea would appear to deny the commonly held maxim that large fields are found first and early in the exploration process. However, if the discovery data are examined from the perspective of the award date of each exploration license, then it is clear that the largest fields and most of the reserves have indeed been found early in the exploration process of a particular license. Discoveries made within 1 year of granting the license are on average large giants, and they account for slightly less than two-thirds of the original reserves. Discoveries made within 2 to 5 years of the granting of the license are on average less than giant size and smaller than increment-l-year discoveries by a factor of 4; these fields account for a little less than one-third of the reserves. Those fields found 6 or more years after the granting of the license are relatively small and account for 20 percent of all discoveries but only 4 percent of total original reserves. These data suggest that a measure of an area's exploration maturity is the length of time elapsed since the award of the concession.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir922A","usgsCitation":"Masters, C.D., and Klemme, H.D., 1984, Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 922, vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir922A.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0922a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30726,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0922a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, Charles D.","contributorId":38969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemme, H. Douglas","contributorId":80653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemme","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3599,"text":"cir889 - 1984 - Lithium anomaly near Pringle, southern Black Hills, South Dakota, possibly caused by unexposed rare-mineral pegmatite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Lithium anomaly near Pringle, southern Black Hills, South Dakota, possibly caused by unexposed rare-mineral pegmatite","docAbstract":"Six samples of biotite schist from a site near Pringle, South Dakota, contained from 140 to 750 parts per million lithium. These values are far greater than are found in mica schists in most of the rest of the southern Black Hills. The lithium may have emanated from concealed lithium pegmatite, and such pegmatite can be of interest as a possible source of rare minerals, especially tantalite and beryl. Whether making a full test of the anomaly will become economically judicious is much less clear.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir889","usgsCitation":"Norton, J.J., 1984, Lithium anomaly near Pringle, southern Black Hills, South Dakota, possibly caused by unexposed rare-mineral pegmatite: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 889, iii, 7 p. :ill., map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir889.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p. :ill., map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30632,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, James Jennings","contributorId":59412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Jennings","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3753,"text":"cir930C - 1984 - International Strategic Minerals Inventory summary report; phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir930C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"930","chapter":"C","title":"International Strategic Minerals Inventory summary report; phosphate","docAbstract":"Major world resources of phosphate, a strategic mineral commodity, are described in this summary report of information in the International Strategic Minerals Inventory {ISMI}. ISMI is a cooperative data-collection effort of earth-science and mineral-resource agencies in Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of South Africa, and the United States of America. This report, designed to be of benefit to policy analysts, contains two parts. Part I presents an overview of the resources and potential supply of phosphate on the basis of inventory information. Part II contains tables of some of the geologic information and mineral-resource and production data that were collected by ISMI participants.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir930C","usgsCitation":"Krauss, U.H., Saam, H.G., and Schmidt, H., 1984, International Strategic Minerals Inventory summary report; phosphate: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 930, v, 41 p. :ill., map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930C.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0930c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0930c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ulrich H.","contributorId":29403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ulrich","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saam, Henning G.","contributorId":98298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saam","given":"Henning","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Helmut","contributorId":103665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Helmut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3759,"text":"cir850E - 1984 - Some chemical effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on selected streams in the State of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"cir850E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"850","chapter":"E","title":"Some chemical effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on selected streams in the State of Washington","docAbstract":"During several periods of volcanic-ash eruption at Mount St. Helens, Wash., (March 30, May 25-26, May 30-June 2, and June 12-13, 1980) strong winds from the north occurred at high altitudes. As a result, the volcanic ash fell some 50 miles to the south in the Bull Run watershed, the principal water-supply source for the metropolitan area of Portland, Oreg. Water samples collected from three stream sites within the watershed were compared with samples collected during the same season in previous years. No detectable changes were noted in chemical characteristics. Precipitation samples collected immediately after the June 12-13 ash fall ranged in specific conductance from 20 to 41 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 4.0 to 4.3 pH units. Stream samples collected during the May-June period ranged in specific conductance from 18 to 28 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 6.7 to 7.5 pH units. Volcanic-ash samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, chemical composition, and weight. Significant differences in particle size of ash were found in samples from two separate eruptions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir850E","usgsCitation":"Klein, J.M., 1984, Some chemical effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on selected streams in the State of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850, vi, 26 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir850E.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0850e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0850e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, John M.","contributorId":27036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3577,"text":"cir928 - 1984 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Guide to information contained in the folio of geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Medfra quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T20:19:56.938329","indexId":"cir928","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"928","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Guide to information contained in the folio of geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Medfra quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Medfra quadrangle in west-central Alaska was investigated by a multidisciplinary team of geoscientists to assess its mineral resources. This Circular is intended to serve as a guide to a folio of 13 separate Open-File Reports covering various aspects of these investigations, including geology, bedrock and stream-sediment geochemistry, potassium-argon dating, Landsat imagery, mineral occurrences, aeromagnetic interpretation, and mineral-resource assessment. This Circular presents a complete reference list of these reports and a summary of the important results of each of the investigations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir928","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., Moll, E.J., and King, H.D., 1984, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Guide to information contained in the folio of geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Medfra quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 928, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir928.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390294,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23634.htm"},{"id":30606,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0928/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0928/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Medfra quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, William Wallace","contributorId":77129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moll, E. J.","contributorId":84738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Harley D. hking@usgs.gov","contributorId":4046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Harley","email":"hking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":147185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4314,"text":"cir938 - 1984 - U. S. Geological Survey highlights in marine research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:38:08","indexId":"cir938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"938","title":"U. S. Geological Survey highlights in marine research","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir938","usgsCitation":"1984, U. S. Geological Survey highlights in marine research: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 938, v, 176 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir938.","productDescription":"v, 176 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0938/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0938/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696542","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Clarke, Samuel H.","contributorId":42958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Samuel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4334,"text":"cir932 - 1984 - Interlaboratory comparison of mineral constituents in a sample from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed from Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"932","title":"Interlaboratory comparison of mineral constituents in a sample from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed from Illinois","docAbstract":"Approximately 20 kg of the Herrin (No. 6) coal was collected from a strip mine in St. Clair County, Ill. A 10-kg portion was ground to -60 mesh, homogenized, and riffled into 128 splits of 70-80 g each. Homogeneity of these splits was confirmed by moisture, ash, and sulfur analyses of six randomly selected splits. Results of these analyses were within the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) guidelines for interlaboratory precision. Splits of the Herrin (No. 6) coal were then transmitted to more than 30 laboratories for analysis. \r\n\r\nLow-temperature plasma oxidation was used to isolate inorganic matter for quantitative chemical and mineralogical analysis. Despite a wide variation in ashing conditions, only minor variations in ash yields were obtained; these variations were attributed to differences in operating temperature and moisture content. Mineralogical analyses of low-temperature ash (LTA) concentrates prepared by five different laboratories indicated variations within the limits of analytical error. The mean values, in weight percent, for the major minerals are as follows: calcite, 9; quartz, 20; pyrite, 23; kaolinite, 14; and illite+mixed-layer clays, 31. Normative mineralogical calculations and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) yielded results similar to those obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD). Choosing appropriate mineral standards was found to be critical for the proper use of analytical techniques such as XRD and FTIR. \r\n\r\nGood interlaboratory agreement was obtained for most major, minor, and trace elements despite differences in analytical procedures and in the type of sample analyzed (coal, high-temperature ash, or LTA). Discrepancies between analyses for zinc, strontium, manganese, and iron may be attributed to sampling inhomogeneity problems. Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that approximately 44 percent of the pyritic sulfur was lost through weathering in the first year after preparation of the interlaboratory sample. Szomolnokite and possibly coquimbite and jarosite were also identified. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated ubiquitous pyrite framboids and, less commonly, euhedral crystals, skeletal grains, irregularly shaped particles, and vein fillings. Minor accessory minerals such as rare-earth phosphates and possibly silicates, zircon, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, and sphalerite were also found. The textural evidence indicates that the minerals in the banded material are detrital whereas the minerals occurring as vein and pore fillings are authigenic. Magnetic measurements indicate that coal crushed in a steel pulverizer is contaminated by small quantities of abrasion fragments from the crusher, which seriously affect the measured magnetic properties of the coal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir932","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R., Fiene, F., Miller, R., and Simon, F., 1984, Interlaboratory comparison of mineral constituents in a sample from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed from Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 932, v, 42 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir932.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0932/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31444,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0932/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":38138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":148854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiene, F.L.","contributorId":66237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiene","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R.N.","contributorId":100825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4338,"text":"cir933 - 1984 - Investigation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in ground water in Seminole County, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9711,"text":"ofr83258 - 1983 - Floods from small drainage basins in Alaska","indexId":"ofr83258","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Floods from small drainage basins in Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4338,"text":"cir933 - 1984 - Investigation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in ground water in Seminole County, Georgia","indexId":"cir933","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Investigation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in ground water in Seminole County, Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:23:51","indexId":"cir933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"933","title":"Investigation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in ground water in Seminole County, Georgia","docAbstract":"An investigation of ground water in Seminole County, Georgia, for ethylene dibromide (EDB) was conducted in August 1983 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Exposure Assessment Branch of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether EDB, which was previously detected in ground-water samples from four neighboring wells, was localized in the vicinity of the wells or was more widespread in the ground-water system. \r\n\r\nEDB was detected in 6 of 19 wells sampled. Concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 11.8 micrograms per liter. Five of the six samples that contained EDB were collected from irrigation wells, and one was collected from a domestic well. Concentrations of 4.5 and 11.8 micrograms per liter were found in two irrigation wells located near Buck Hole, a sinkhole in a swampy depression in central Seminole County. EDB was not detected in samples from the remaining 10 irrigation and 3 domestic wells and the surface-water site (detection level less than 0.01 microgram per liter). \r\n\r\nNine core samples were collected from a borehole near one of the irrigation wells that had high EDB concentrations. EDB was found in a core sample near the surface and in samples from depths of 24 to 25, 34 to 35, and 39 to 40 feet in the residuum. EDB concentrations in the core samples ranged from 0.06 to 2.4 micrograms per kilogram. \r\n\r\nEDB in the aquifer was found in a 4-square-mile area of the county in the vicinity of Buck Hole. EDB application information and the local hydrogeology indicate that EDB contamination in ground water in Seminole County probably is due to soil fumigation with EDB. Apparently, EDB moves downward through the residuum and, through undetermined pathways, enters the aquifer. However, because the high concentration of EDB in the aquifer seems to be localized in the Buck Hole area, the possibility of contamination from an EDB fumigant spill cannot be disregarded at this time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir933","usgsCitation":"McConnell, J.B., Hicks, D., Lowe, L.E., Cohen, S., and Jovanovich, A., 1984, Investigation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in ground water in Seminole County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 933, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir933.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0933/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31448,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0933/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Seminole County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -83.682861328125,\n 30.987027960280326\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 31.512995857454676\n ],\n [\n -83.47412109375,\n 31.82156451492074\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 32.16631295696736\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 32.21280106801518\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 32.12910537866883\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McConnell, James B.","contributorId":28224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hicks, D.W.","contributorId":61795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, L. E.","contributorId":97482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, S.Z.","contributorId":44126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"S.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jovanovich, A.P.","contributorId":83500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jovanovich","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4357,"text":"cir929 - 1984 - Symposium proceedings; a national program for the assessment and development of the mineral resources of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone; November 15, 16, 17, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"929","title":"Symposium proceedings; a national program for the assessment and development of the mineral resources of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone; November 15, 16, 17, 1983","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir929","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Symposium proceedings; a national program for the assessment and development of the mineral resources of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone; November 15, 16, 17, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 929, iii, 308 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir929.","productDescription":"iii, 308 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0929/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31466,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0929/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4304,"text":"cir915 - 1984 - The Georges Bank monitoring program 1983: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T19:50:47.381549","indexId":"cir915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"The Georges Bank monitoring program 1983: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments","docAbstract":"From July 1981, when drilling began on Georges Bank, to May 1982, the concentration of barium, a major element in drilling mud, has increased by a factor of 3.5 in bulk sediments 200 m from the drill site in block 410 and by a factor of 2.3 at the drill site in block 312. The postdrilling barium concentrations are within the range of predriiling concentrations measured at other locations on Georges Bank. We estimate that no more than 21 percent of the barite (principal barium-bearing mineral) discharged during drilling remains within 6 km of the drill site in block 312. No drilling-related changes in the concentration of chromium or other metals have been observed in bulk sediments from blocks 410 or 312. \r\n\r\nThe chemical signal of drilling mud in surficial sediments has been enhanced by separating and analyzing the sediment fraction finer than 60 ?m. Barium concentrations in the fine fraction have increased by factors of 36 and 22 at the drill sites in blocks 410 and 312, respectively. At the drill site in block 410, aluminum, chromium, copper, and mercury concentrations in this fraction temporarily increased by approximately a factor of 2 and then decreased to background. \r\n\r\nThe concentrations of aluminum, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, organic carbon, vanadium, and zinc in surface sediments of Georges Bank both before and after drilling are low compared to concentrations in average crustal rocks and are characteristic of unpolluted, coarse-grained sediments as found in other Continental Shelf areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir915","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Rendigs, R., Campbell, E., Doughten, M., Aruscavage, P.J., Dorrzapf, A.F., Johnson, R.G., Parmenter, C., Pickering, M.J., Brewster, D.C., and Brown, F.W., 1984, The Georges Bank monitoring program 1983: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 915, iii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir915.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23817.htm"},{"id":123276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0915/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31415,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 40.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bd701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Esma","contributorId":92652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Esma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorrzapf, A. F.","contributorId":23929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorrzapf","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parmenter, C.M.","contributorId":43740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pickering, M. J.","contributorId":63378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brewster, D. C.","contributorId":41812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":3979,"text":"cir935 - 1984 - Marine geological and geophysical investigations of the Antarctic continental margin, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir935","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"935","title":"Marine geological and geophysical investigations of the Antarctic continental margin, 1984","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir935","usgsCitation":"Eittreim, S.L., Cooper, A.K., and and others, 1984, Marine geological and geophysical investigations of the Antarctic continental margin, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 935, 12 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir935.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0935/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0935/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eittreim, Stephen L.","contributorId":8452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3800,"text":"cir937 - 1984 - Proceedings of the 1980 workshop of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior on the seismic modeling of laterally varying structures: Contributions based on data from the 1978 Saudi Arabian refraction profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T12:55:05.658142","indexId":"cir937","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"937","title":"Proceedings of the 1980 workshop of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior on the seismic modeling of laterally varying structures: Contributions based on data from the 1978 Saudi Arabian refraction profile","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir937","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., and Prodehl, C., 1984, Proceedings of the 1980 workshop of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior on the seismic modeling of laterally varying structures: Contributions based on data from the 1978 Saudi Arabian refraction profile: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 937, iv, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir937.","productDescription":"iv, 158 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30870,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0937/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0937/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[42.77933,16.34789],[42.64957,16.77464],[42.34799,17.07581],[42.27089,17.47472],[41.75438,17.83305],[41.22139,18.6716],[40.93934,19.48649],[40.24765,20.17463],[39.80168,20.33886],[39.1394,21.2919],[39.0237,21.98688],[39.06633,22.57966],[38.49277,23.68845],[38.02386,24.07869],[37.48363,24.28549],[37.15482,24.85848],[37.20949,25.08454],[36.93163,25.60296],[36.6396,25.82623],[36.24914,26.57014],[35.64018,27.37652],[35.13019,28.06335],[34.63234,28.05855],[34.78778,28.60743],[34.83222,28.95748],[34.95604,29.35655],[36.06894,29.19749],[36.50121,29.50525],[36.74053,29.86528],[37.50358,30.00378],[37.66812,30.33867],[37.99885,30.5085],[37.00217,31.50841],[39.00489,32.01022],[39.19547,32.16101],[40.39999,31.88999],[41.88998,31.19001],[44.7095,29.17889],[46.56871,29.09903],[47.45982,29.00252],[47.70885,28.52606],[48.41609,28.552],[48.80759,27.68963],[49.29955,27.46122],[49.47091,27.11],[50.15242,26.68966],[50.21294,26.27703],[50.1133,25.94397],[50.23986,25.60805],[50.52739,25.32781],[50.66056,24.9999],[50.81011,24.75474],[51.11242,24.55633],[51.38961,24.62739],[51.57952,24.2455],[51.61771,24.01422],[52.00073,23.00115],[55.0068,22.49695],[55.20834,22.70833],[55.66666,22],[54.99998,19.99999],[52.00001,19],[49.11667,18.61667],[48.18334,18.16667],[47.46669,17.11668],[47,16.95],[46.74999,17.28334],[46.36666,17.23332],[45.4,17.33334],[45.21665,17.43333],[44.06261,17.41036],[43.79152,17.31998],[43.38079,17.57999],[43.1158,17.08844],[43.21838,16.66689],[42.77933,16.34789]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Saudi Arabia\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6605a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prodehl, Claus","contributorId":81082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"Claus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3480,"text":"cir917 - 1984 - Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"917","title":"Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Coal resources have been estimated, using both manual and computer methods, for the Cache coal bed in the Recluse Geologic Model Area, which covers the White Tail Butte, Pitch Draw, Recluse, and Homestead Draw SW 7?-minute quadrangles in Campbell County, Wyoming. Approximately 300 coal thickness measurements from drill-hole logs are distributed throughout the area The Cache coal bed and associated strata are in the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation. The depth to the Cache coal bed ranges from 269 to 1,257 feet. The coal bed is as much as 31 feet thick but is absent in places. Comparisons between hand-drawn and computer-generated isopach maps show minimal differences. Total coal resources estimated by hand show the bed to contain 2,228 million short tons or about 2.6 percent more than the computer-calculated figure of 2,169 million short tons.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir917","usgsCitation":"Schneider, G.B., Crowley, S.S., and Carey, M.A., 1984, Comparison of computer-based and manual coal resource estimation methods for the Cache coal bed, Recluse Geologic Model Area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 917, iii, 48 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir917.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0917/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0917/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Gary B.","contributorId":64253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carey, Mary Alice","contributorId":80646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Alice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3211,"text":"wsp2223 - 1984 - Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7693,"text":"ofr82687 - 1982 - Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona","indexId":"ofr82687","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3211,"text":"wsp2223 - 1984 - Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona","indexId":"wsp2223","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp2223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2223","title":"Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona","docAbstract":"Major floods occurred in October 1977 and March 1978 in Arizona. As much as 14 inches of rain fell during October 6-9, 1977, over the mountains of southern Arizona and northern Mexico resulting in the highest discharge since at least 1892 on the Santa Cruz River upstream from Tucson. The flood inundated areas as much as 4 miles wide, covered at least 16,000 acres of farmland, and caused $15.2 million in damage. Residential losses occurred at Nogales, Amado, Green Valley, and Sahuarita. Severe erosional damage occurred along the Santa Cruz River, Agua Fria Canyon, Potrero Creek, and many small drainages in the Sonoita Creek basin. The peak discharge in Agua Fria Canyon was the highest since before 1900. Less severe flooding occurred along the San Pedro River and the Gila River downstream from the San Pedro. \r\n\r\nWidespread rainfall of 3 to 6 inches and 9 to 14 inches in some areas in the central mountains during February 27 to March 3, 1978, caused the highest discharge since 1920 on the Salt River in Phoenix and resulted in three deaths. Flooding along the Salt and Gila Rivers and several lesser streams caused statewide damage totaling $65.9 million, of which about $37 million occurred in Maricopa County. Nine counties were declared disaster areas. \r\n\r\nDuring the flood of March 1978, moderate peak discharges and unusually high volumes of runoff occurred on tributaries to the Salt and Verde Rivers upstream from a system of reservoirs. Flood magnitudes were greater at the main-stem gaging stations than on the tributaries. The peak discharge into Theodore Roosevelt Lake, which was 21 percent full at the start of the flood, was about 155,000 cubic feet per second, the largest known from 1890 to 1978. The reservoirs stored large quantities of water and greatly reduced the magnitude of the flood. The peak discharge of the Salt River was 125,000 cubic feet per second below Granite Reef Dam and 122,000 cubic feet per second at Phoenix. Discharges in excess of 100,000 cubic feet per second occurred for 8 hours. Without the storage provided by the reservoirs, the peak discharge on the Salt River would have been 260,000 cubic feet per second, and the discharge would have exceeded 100,000 cubic feet per second for 66 hours. The Verde River was the principal flood source, but flows at the upstream gaging stations did not indicate the magnitude of the impending flood at Horseshoe Reservoir because large inflow from tributaries immediately upstream from the reservoir caused the river to rise at downstream stations before it rose at upstream stations. \r\n\r\nAbout 17 percent of the water entering the reach from Granite Reef Dam to Gillespie Dam went to recharge, temporary ground-water storage, or evapotranspiration losses. All water was stored at Painted Rock Reservoir and released at a low rate that prevented water from reaching the Gila River near Mohawk gaging station.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2223","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, B.N., and Eychaner, J.H., 1984, Floods of October 1977 in southern Arizona and March 1978 in central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2223, v, 143 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 6 plates in pockets, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2223.","productDescription":"v, 143 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 6 plates in pockets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247303,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-1.pdf","size":"4040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247304,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-2.pdf","size":"5669","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247305,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-3.pdf","size":"3358","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247306,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-4.pdf","size":"2323","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247307,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-5.pdf","size":"3600","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247308,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/plate-6.pdf","size":"1361","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, Byron Neil","contributorId":20305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"Neil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eychaner, James H.","contributorId":102050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3517,"text":"cir924 - 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ISMI is a cooperative data-collection effort of earth-science and mineral-resource agencies in Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of South Africa, and the United States of America. This report, designed to be of benefit to policy analysts, contains two parts. Part I presents an overview of the resources and potential supply of manganese on the basis of inventory information. 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