{"pageNumber":"4566","pageRowStart":"114125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":166004,"records":[{"id":70012913,"text":"70012913 - 1985 - A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012913","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"The upper Cook Inlet region of southcentral Alaska would be significantly impacted by a major tephrafall, owing to a widespread population and heavily travelled transportation corridors. To evaluate the likelihood of such an occurrence, the tephra deposits of the region have been inventoried. Approximately 90 deposits of Holocene age are sufficiently thick to have been preserved for sampling; the frequency of such major tephrafalls ranges from 1 every 200 years near sources on the west side of upper Cook Inlet, to 1 every 1000 years on the more populated east side. The volcanoes located on the west side of upper Cook Inlet are, from north to south, Hayes, Spurr, Redoubt, and Iliamna. Hayes volcano produced the most extensive set of 6 to perhaps 8 tephra layers in the region about 3650 yr B.P. and produced one other, less extensive tephra layer during Holocene time. Spurr and Redoubt volcanoes have produced, respectively, approximately 35 and 30 Holocene layers which were dispersed eastward toward population centers. No Holocene tephra layers of Iliamna have been recognized with certainty; consequently, several tephra layers which originated to the south of the region must have a source at Augustine Volcano, or some more distant volcano. Tephra layers of Hayes volcano are calc-alkaline dacites. Most of the Spurr deposits are tholeiitic, basaltic andesites whereas those of Redoubt Volcano are calc-alkaline andesites and dacites. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., 1985, A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 37-74.","startPage":"37","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e538e4b0c8380cd46bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009927,"text":"70009927 - 1985 - Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:48:57","indexId":"70009927","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration","docAbstract":"Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data recorded over an arid terrain were analyzed to determine the applicability of using of TM data for identifying and mapping hydrothermally altered, potentially mineralized rocks. Clays, micas, and other minerals bearing the OH anion in specific crystal lattice positions have absorption bands in the 2.2-??m region (TM channel 7, TM7) and commonly lack features in the 1.6-??m region (TM5). Channel ratios TM5/TM7, TM5/TM4, and TM3/TM1 were combined into a color-ratio-composite (CRC) image and used to distinguish hydrothermally altered rocks, unaltered rocks, and vegetation. These distinctions are made possible by using the TM5 and TM7, channels which are not available in the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). Digital masking was used to eliminate ambiguities due to water and shadows. However, some ambiguities in identification resulted between altered volcanic rocks and unaltered sedimentary deposits that contained clays, carbonates, and gypsum, and between altered volcanic rocks and volcanic tuffs diagenetically altered to zeolites. However, compared to MSS data, TM data should greatly improve the ability to map hydrothermally altered rocks in arid terrains. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Power, M., and Jones, O.D., 1985, Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration: Advances in Space Research, v. 5, no. 5, p. 13-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2.","startPage":"13","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2"}],"volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a840de4b0c8380cd7c2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, M.S.","contributorId":102896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012921,"text":"70012921 - 1985 - A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:33:30.595254","indexId":"70012921","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model","docAbstract":"A simple two-dimensional dam-break model is developed for flood plain study purposes. Both a finite difference grid and an irregular triangle element integrated finite difference formulation are presented. The governing flow equations are approximately solved as a diffusion model coupled to the equation of continuity. Application of the model to a hypothetical dam-break study indicates that the approach can be used to predict a two-dimensional dam-break flood plain over a broad, flat plain more accurately than a one-dimensional model, especially when the flow can break-out of the main channel and then return to the channel at other downstream reaches. ?? 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(85)90074-0","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., Berenbrock, C., Freckleton, J.R., and Guymon, G.L., 1985, A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model: Advances in Water Resources, v. 8, no. 1, p. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(85)90074-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e608e4b0c8380cd470fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, C. E.","contributorId":103321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012954,"text":"70012954 - 1985 - Late Holocene vegetation changes in Greenwater Valley, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T15:36:31","indexId":"70012954","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene vegetation changes in Greenwater Valley, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Small-scale late Holocene vegetation changes were determined from a series of 13 modern and fossil packrat middens collected from a site in the Greenwater Valley, northern Mojave Desert, California. Although the site is above the modern lower limit of Coleogyne ramosissima (black-brush), macrofossils of this shrub are only present in samples younger than 270 yr B.P. In order to measure changes more subtle than presence vs absence, macrofossil concentrations were quantified, and principal components and factor analyses were used to distinguish midden plant assemblages. Both the presence/absence data and the statistical analyses suggest a downward shift of 50 to 100 m for Coleogyne (blackbrush) communities between 1435 and 1795 A.D. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(85)90030-4","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., and Webb, R.H., 1985, Late Holocene vegetation changes in Greenwater Valley, Mojave Desert, California: Quaternary Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90030-4.","startPage":"227","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90030-4"},{"id":221922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44ece4b0c8380cd66ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012878,"text":"70012878 - 1985 - Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012878","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho","docAbstract":"Regional variations in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (ri) of Mesozoic plutons in central Idaho locate the edge of Precambrian continental crust at the boundary between the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic accreted terranes and Precambrian sialic crust in western Idaho. The ri values increase abruptly but continuously from less than 0.704 in the accreted terranes to greater than 0.708 across a narrow, 5 to 15 km zone, characterized by elongate, lens-shaped, highly deformed plutons and schistose metasedimentary and metavolcanic units. The chemical and petrologic character of the plutons changes concomitantly from ocean-arc-type, diorite-tonalite-trondhjemite units to a weakly peraluminous, calcic to calcalkalic tonalite-granodiorite-granite suite (the Idaho batholith). Plutons in both suites yield Late Cretaceous ages, but Permian through Early Cretaceous bodies are confined to the accreted terranes and early Tertiary intrusions are restricted to areas underlain by Precambrian crust. The two major terranes were juxtaposed between 75 and 130 m.y. ago, probably between 80 and 95 m.y. Oxygen and strontium isotopic ratios and Rb and Sr concentrations of the plutonic rocks document a significant upper-crustal contribution to the magmas that intrude Precambrian crust. Magmas intruding the arc terranes were derived from the upper mantle/subducted oceanic lithosphere and may have been modified by anatexis of earlier island-arc volcanic and sedimentary units. Plutons near the edge of Precambrian sialic crust represent simple mixtures of the Precambrian wall-rocks with melts derived from the upper mantle or subducted oceanic lithosphere with ri of 0.7035. Rb/Sr varies linearly with ri, producing \"pseudoisochrons\" with apparent \"ages\" close to the age of the wall rocks. Measured ??18O values of the wall rocks are less than those required for the assimilated end-member by Sr-O covariation in the plutons, however, indicating that wall-rock ??18O was reduced significantly by exchange with circulating fluids. Metasedimentary rocks of the Belt Supergroup are similarly affected near the batholith, documenting a systematic depletion in 18O as much as 50 km from the margin of the batholith. Plutons of the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith are remote from the accreted terranes and represent mixtures of Precambrian wall-rocks with melts dominated by continental lower crust (ri>0.708) rather than mantle. \"Pseudoisochrons\" resulting from these data are actually mixing lines that yield apparent \"ages\" less than the true age of the wall rocks and meaningless \"ri\". Assimilation/ fractional-crystallization models permit only insignificant amounts of crystal fractionation during anatexis and mixing for the majority of plutons of the region. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00378269","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R., and Criss, R., 1985, Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, no. 2-3, p. 291-308, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378269.","startPage":"291","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378269"},{"id":222684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ba5e4b08c986b31cff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012879,"text":"70012879 - 1985 - Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012879","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis","docAbstract":"An understanding of patterns of regional sedimentation is crucial to identifying trends of perspective petroleum reservoirs. The Upper Pennsylvanian, Missourian Kansas City Group consists of repetitions of widespread carbonate rock and shale. Each of four cyclothems chosen for subsurface study of western Kansas contains transgressive and regressive lithofacies with evidence of extensive subaerial exposure across the entire paleoshelf. Distribution of carbonate facies on the 350+ km-wide shelf was affected strongly by slight changes in structural configuration of the shelf and variations in sea level. Polynomial trend surface models prepared from selected wireline log information for four successive cyclothems assist in resolving regional and local patterns of sedimentation and help to access the effect of subtle structural deformation on sedimentation. Isopachs of marine portions of four cyclothems were fit by fourth-order trend surfaces, optimizing fit by comparing goodness-of-fit and minimizing skewness of residuals using the smallest order surface. Several cyclothems showed simple patterns of regional, basinward thickening with local, strike-elongated anomalies where goodness-of-fit was maximized with increasing order. One cyclothem did not converge to a good fit at small orders nor did distribution of residuals indicate convergence toward zero. Both anomalies reflected a more complex surface. Rather than thickening regionally, the pattern created by this anomalous cyclothem was more irregular. Mapped patterns resemble those of the present-day structural configuration of these horizons suggesting a general persistence in similar epeirogenic deformation. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01032931","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Watney, W., 1985, Resolving controls on epeiric sedimentation using trend surface analysis: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 427-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01032931.","startPage":"427","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205286,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032931"},{"id":222685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9d7e4b0c8380cd85fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012880,"text":"70012880 - 1985 - Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012880","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.","docAbstract":"Electronic computers are involved in almost every aspect of the map making process. This involvement has become so thorough that it is practically impossible to find a recently developed process or device in the mapping field which does not employ digital processing in some form or another. This trend, which has been evolving over two decades, is accelerated by the significant improvements in capility, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of electronic devices. Computerized mapping processes and devices share a common need for machine readable data. Integrating groups of these components into automated mapping systems requires careful planning for data flow amongst them. Exploring the utility of commercial data base management software to assist in this task is the subject of this paper. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elassal, A., 1985, Managing mapping data using commercial data base management software.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 8, p. 1133-1136.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1136","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c93e4b0c8380cd69d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elassal, A.A.","contributorId":67653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elassal","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012956,"text":"70012956 - 1985 - Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:50:29.946984","indexId":"70012956","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications","docAbstract":"Surface electrical geophysical methods have been used in such engineering applications as locating and delineating shallow gravel deposits, depth to bedrock, faults, clay zones, and other geological phenomena. Other engineering applications include determining water quality, tracing ground water contaminant plumes and locating dam seepages. Various methods and electrode arrays are employed to solve particular geological problems. The sensitivity of a particular method or electrode array depends upon the physics on which the method is based, the array geometry, the electrical contrast between the target and host materials, and the depth to the target. Each of the available electrical methods has its own particular advantages and applications which the paper discusses.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxii.4.421","issn":"00045691","usgsCitation":"Bisdorf, R.J., 1985, Electrical Techniques for Engineering Applications: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 22, no. 4, p. 421-433, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxii.4.421.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ce4b0c8380cd50932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisdorf, Robert J.","contributorId":107277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012914,"text":"70012914 - 1985 - Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:21:37.730521","indexId":"70012914","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984","docAbstract":"<p>Public statements about volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens include factual statements, forecasts, and predictions. A<span>&nbsp;</span><i>factual statement</i><span>&nbsp;</span>describes current conditions but does not anticipate future events. A<span>&nbsp;</span><i>forecast</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a comparatively imprecise statement of the time, place, and nature of expected activity. A<span>&nbsp;</span><i>prediction</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a comparatively precise statement of the time, place, and ideally, the nature and size of impending activity. A prediction usually covers a shorter time period than a forecast and is generally based dominantly on interpretations and measurements of ongoing processes and secondarily on a projection of past history. The three types of statements grade from one to another, and distinctions are sometimes arbitrary.</p><p>Forecasts and predictions at Mount St. Helens became increasingly precise from 1975 to 1982. Stratigraphic studies led to a long-range forecast in 1975 of renewed eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, possibly before the end of the century. On the basis of seismic, geodetic and geologic data, general forecasts for a landslide and eruption were issued in April 1980, before the catastrophic blast and landslide on 18 May 1980. All extrusions except two from June 1980 to the end of 1984 were predicted on the basis of integrated geophysical, geochemical, and geologic monitoring. The two extrusions that were not predicted were preceded by explosions that removed a substantial part of the dome, reducing confining pressure and essentially short-circuiting the normal precursors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-3707(85)90044-4","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D.A., Casadevall, T.J., Dzurisin, D., Holcomb, R.T., Newhall, C.G., Malone, S.D., and Weaver, C., 1985, Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 397-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90044-4.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"423","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131ee4b0c8380cd54518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holcomb, R. T.","contributorId":99146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70012882,"text":"70012882 - 1985 - Temporal fluctuations in grain size, organic materials and iron concentrations in intertidal surface sediment of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:56:11","indexId":"70012882","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal fluctuations in grain size, organic materials and iron concentrations in intertidal surface sediment of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The physical and chemical characteristics of the oxidized surface sediment in an estuary fluctuate temporally in response to physical forces and apparently-fluctuating inputs. These characteristics, which include grain size and concentrations of organic materials and iron, will influence both trace-metal geochemistry and bioavailability. Temporal trends in the abundance of fine particles, total organic carbon content (TOC), absorbance of extractable organic material (EOM), and concentration of extractable iron in the sediment of San Francisco Bay were assessed using data sets containing approximately monthly samples for periods of two to seven years. Changes in wind velocity and runoff result in monthly changes in the abundance of fine particles in the intertidal zone. Fine-grained particles are most abundant in the late fall/early winter when runoff is elevated and wind velocities are low; particles are coarser in the summer when runoff is low and wind velocities are consistently high. Throughout the bay, TOC is linearly related to fine particle abundance (r = 0.61). Temporal variability occurs in this relationship, as particles are poor in TOC relative to percent of fine particles in the early rainy season. Iron-poor particles also appear to enter the estuary during high runoff periods; while iron is enriched on particle surfaces in the summer. Concentrations of extractable iron and absorbance of EOM vary strongly from year to year. Highest absorbances of EOM occurred in the first year following the drought in 1976-77, and in 1982 and 1983 when river discharge was unusually high. Extractable-iron concentrations were also highest in 1976-77, but were very low in 1982 and 1983.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00048689","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Thomson-Becker, E.A., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Temporal fluctuations in grain size, organic materials and iron concentrations in intertidal surface sediment of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 91-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048689.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73950195312499,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48657226562499,\n              38.28993659801203\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86010742187501,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ee4b08c986b320797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomson-Becker, E. A.","contributorId":29961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson-Becker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012957,"text":"70012957 - 1985 - Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:45:57.678143","indexId":"70012957","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p>Observations of large salinity variations and vent temperatures in the range of 380–400°C suggest that boiling or two-phase separation may be occurring in some seafloor geothermal systems. Consideration of flow rates and the relatively small differences in density between vapors and liquids at the supercritical pressures at depth in these systems suggests that boiling is occurring under closed-system conditions. Salinity and temperature of boiling vents can be used to estimate the pressure-temperature point in the subsurface at which liquid seawater first reached the two-phase boundary. Data are reviewed to construct phase diagrams of coexisting brines and vapors in the two-phase region at pressures corresponding to those of the seafloor geothermal systems. A method is developed for calculating the enthalpy and entropy of the coexisting mixtures, and results are used to construct adiabats from the seafloor to the<i>P-T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>two-phase boundary. Results for seafloor vents discharging at 2300 m below sea level indicate that a 385°C vent is composed of a brine (7% NaCl equivalent) in equilibrium with a vapor (0.1% NaCl). Brine constitutes 45% by weight of the mixture, and the fluid first boiled at approximately 1 km below the seafloor at 415°C, 330 bar. A 400°C vent is primarily vapor (88 wt.%, 0.044% NaCl) with a small amount of brine (26% NaCl) and first boiled at 2.9 km below the seafloor at 500°C, 520 bar. These results show that adiabatic decompression in the two-phase region results in dramatic cooling of the fluid mixture when there is a large fraction of vapor.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(85)90177-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Pitzer, K.S., 1985, Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 75, no. 4, p. 327-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90177-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a787ce4b0c8380cd786e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitzer, Kenneth S.","contributorId":94435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitzer","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013001,"text":"70013001 - 1985 - The plumbotectonics of the West Shasta mining district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:19:13.416275","indexId":"70013001","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The plumbotectonics of the West Shasta mining district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The tectonic setting comprising the West Shasta mining district has often been compared with that of primitive island arcs. Concentrations of uranium, thorium, and lead and lead isotope compositions were determined for Devonian ores and rocks of the West Shasta district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California, to help evaluate the tectonic classification. The lead isotope pattern is found to be complex. From comparison of the data with those on younger ores and rocks in the region and with those isotopic patterns found in modern tectonic terranes, however, a number of conclusions are possible. A lead isotope point for the Devonian oceanic mantle is now well established from this study on the West Shasta district. This isotopic composition is in agreement with that suggested by Slawson in 1983--i.e., from a sample of massive sulfide ore from the Golinsky deposit--with a&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb of 17.830, a&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb of 15.450, and a&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb of 37.313. If the Devonian mantle is analogous to the modern mantle, the determined value is probably at the more radiogenic end of the Devonian oceanic mantle array.Some samples of volcanic rocks and ores that have elevated values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb and&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb indicate that subducted pelagic sediments or interaction of the magmas with other sediments downsection have been involved to varying degrees in the generation of magmas. The high ratios were not attained by addition of lead to the volcanic rocks or ores during subsequent magmatic events, such as intrusion of the Permian Pit River stock to the east or of the Cretaceous Shasta Bally batholith that crops out to the south and west and may underlie part of the district. Some values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb are sufficiently high as to suggest that West Shasta may have developed nearer a continent than was previously supposed. Lead isotope data for Quaternary volcanic rocks are somewhat more radiogenic than for Cretaceous ores and plutonic rocks. Permo-Triassic ores are again a bit less radiogenic. The isotopic differences between the Permo-Triassic and Quaternary data could be accounted for by a value for&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>&nbsp;U/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb of 10.42 in common source material. Using this value of&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>&nbsp;U/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb to calculate even further back to 400 m.y., the resulting ratios are found to fall very close to the \"best value\" for the lead isotope mixing line between the Devonian mantle and pelagic sediments. We interpret this intersection to be the \"mean value\" for the assimilated Devonian sediment lead--18.250 for&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb and 15.582 for&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb. As deduced for the lead isotope composition for the Devonian mantle at this location, the pelagic sediment, lead isotope composition also is toward the more radiogenic end of the values expected for pelagic sediments in the Devonian. Lack of sediments in the observed volcanic section of the West Shasta district suggests a submerged volcanic-arc setting (as interpreted by others for the Troodos and Samail ophiolites) rather than an island-arc situation (such as the Green Tuff area of Japan) or an incipient spreading ridge setting (that might have grown to be a subaerial Iceland). The elevated values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb for some samples suggest a submerged volcanic are whereas the exceedingly low values of thorium--which is not easily mobilized during alteration events--for both basaltic andesites and plagiorhyolites is suggestive of depleted source material such as is found for most oceanic spreading centers. Elevated values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb are exceedingly rare in midocean ridge basalts and low contents of thorium are known in island arcs, so a submerged volcanic arc is the preferred interpretation. Some similarity exists between the&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb values of Devonian ores having elevated values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb and those of the Permo-Triassic ores of the East Shasta district, as mentioned by Slawson in 1983. This similarity is now confirmed to be a coincidence. We find it due first of all to some incorporation of sediment lead in the magmas, followed later by some migration of radiogenic lead--probably locally derived--into the ores during subsequent events. Because there was some postdepositional lead migration into the ores, some migration of copper also into the ores cannot be excluded. Lead, especially radiogenic lead, however, is more mobile than copper. As the migrating lead is deduced to have been locally derived from the observed section rather than exotically derived, any copper added was probably locally derived also.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2136","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., Delevaux, M., and Albers, J.P., 1985, The plumbotectonics of the West Shasta mining district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2136-2148, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2136.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2148","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea1e4b08c986b324221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delevaux, M.H.","contributorId":27853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delevaux","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012959,"text":"70012959 - 1985 - Justification for a reduction in the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:18:44","indexId":"70012959","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Justification for a reduction in the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The crest-stage gage program in Louisiana was evaluated to determine if the data were adequate for use in developing regional flood-frequency equations and to determine if any crest-stage gage stations could be discontinued. An abundance of data at many crest-stage gage stations and a lack of data for urban areas and flat-slope areas indicated a need for a shift in the number, type, and locations of gages. Correlations and comparisons of annual peak discharges and watershed characteristics of 96 existing stations resulted in the elimination of 72 stations and the addition of one new station, reducing the total network to 25 stations that could be used for future flood-frequency analyses. </p><p>The adequacy of the reduced network for development and verification of regional flood-frequency equations was tested by comparing a set of regional flood-frequency equations developed using data from the full network with a set developed using data from the reduced network. The results indicate that the crest-stage gage network can be reduced to 25 stations and still provide adequate information for future flood-frequency analyses. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00190.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R.A., Carlson, D.D., and Wiche, G.J., 1985, Justification for a reduction in the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 21, no. 6, p. 953-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00190.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"965","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fdae4b0c8380cd64891","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, Richard A.","contributorId":6451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Darrell D.","contributorId":63000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science 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,{"id":70012961,"text":"70012961 - 1985 - Intraband radiometric performance of the Landsat Thematic Mappers.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012961","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraband radiometric performance of the Landsat Thematic Mappers.","docAbstract":"Radiometric characteristics have been examined of the Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mappers (TMs) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data. This analysis is based on radiometrically and geometrically raw (B-type) data of both uniform (flat-field) and high-contrast scenes. Subscenes selected for uniform radiance were used to characterized subtle radiometric differences and noise problems. Although the general performance of the Thematic Mappers is excellent, various anomalies that have a magnitude of a few digital levels (DN) or less are quantified. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Cook, D., Eliason, E.M., and Eliason, P., 1985, Intraband radiometric performance of the Landsat Thematic Mappers.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 9, p. 1331-1350.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1350","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dbfe4b0c8380cd637f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, D.A.","contributorId":30364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eliason, E. M.","contributorId":93113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eliason, P.T.","contributorId":58777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012962,"text":"70012962 - 1985 - Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:38:12","indexId":"70012962","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Errors in complex conceptual precipitation-runoff models may be analyzed by placing them into a statistical framework. This amounts to treating the errors as random variables and defining the probabilistic structure of the errors. By using such a framework, a large array of techniques, many of which have been presented in the statistical literature, becomes available to the modeler for quantifying and analyzing the various sources of error. A number of these techniques are reviewed in this paper, with special attention to the peculiarities of hydrologic models. Known methodologies for parameter estimation (calibration) are particularly applicable for obtaining physically meaningful estimates and for explaining how bias in runoff prediction caused by model error and input error may contribute to bias in parameter estimation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i008p01195","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1985, Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1195-1213, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01195.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a49e4b0c8380cd522b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012813,"text":"70012813 - 1985 - Geochemistry: Uses for synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz crystals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70012813","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry: Uses for synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz crystals","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315544b0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1985, Geochemistry: Uses for synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz crystals: Nature, v. 315, no. 6020, p. 544-545, https://doi.org/10.1038/315544b0.","startPage":"544","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315544b0"},{"id":222680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172ee4b0c8380cd553f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012964,"text":"70012964 - 1985 - U-Pb isotopic evidence for the accretion of a continental microplate in the Zalm region of the Saudi Arabian Shield.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T18:55:30","indexId":"70012964","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb isotopic evidence for the accretion of a continental microplate in the Zalm region of the Saudi Arabian Shield.","docAbstract":"<p>This area includes three of the main tectonic units of the Arabian Shield: the Afif continental terrain, the Nabitah suture with its associated mobile belt, and the Asir ensimatic arc terrain. U/Pb zircon data from a pelitic garnet-sillimanite gneiss show that the Kabib formation in the S of the Afif terrain may be as old as 1770 m.y. Pb and Rb/Sr isotopic data in the Zalm region reveal a change in the nature of the underlying crust, from continental basement in the NE to less radiogenic marginal arc rocks in the SW. Miogeosynclinal continental shelf facies of the Siham group lie unconformably over the Kabid formation. U/Pb zircon age determinations show that this 'Andean' continental margin developed before approx 720 m.y. and the emplacement of calc-alkaline plutonic rocks continued until approx 690 m.y. During the period 685-640 m.y. the continental Afif microplate collided with the Asir terrain as part of the Nabitah orogeny. At approx 640 m.y. age the Najd strike-slip faulting commenced, with a dextral phase that controlled emplacement of granite plutons as well as the development of large pull-apart grabens. Some of the latter were floored by new oceanic crust and filled with volcanosedimentary rocks of the Bani Ghayy group.-R.A.H.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1189","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Stacey, J.S., and Agar, R., 1985, U-Pb isotopic evidence for the accretion of a continental microplate in the Zalm region of the Saudi Arabian Shield.: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 142, no. 6, p. 1189-1203, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1189.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              35,\n              16\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              16\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              35,\n              28\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"142","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9cfe4b08c986b327e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agar, R.A.","contributorId":13645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agar","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012965,"text":"70012965 - 1985 - U-Pb isochron age and Pb isotope systematics of the Golden Fleece vein; implications for the relationship of mineralization to the Lake City caldera, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:49:02.819409","indexId":"70012965","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb isochron age and Pb isotope systematics of the Golden Fleece vein; implications for the relationship of mineralization to the Lake City caldera, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>A U-Pb isochron age of 27.5 + or - 0.5 m.y. has been determined for the Golden Fleece vein, southwestern Colorado, which contains an assemblage of pitchblende and gold-silver tellurides unique within the Lake City area. Initial Pb isotope ratios of ore samples from the vein (&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 19.08-19.58;&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 15.643-15.682;&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb/&nbsp;</span><sup>204</sup><span>&nbsp;Pb = 38.533-38.84) are among the most radiogenic values reported from the San Juan Mountains and suggest that a significant component of common Pb, and possibly other metals, was derived from upper crustal Precambrian rocks by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids. The 27.5-m.y. age of the Golden Fleece vein is identical, within analytical uncertainty, to the age of the quartz latite lavas that it cuts. This clearly documents the relationship of the vein to the waning stages of activity associated with the Uncompahgre caldera (27-29 m.y.) rather than to early activity related to the 23.1-m.y.-old Lake City caldera. Other veins in the Lake City area have Pb isotope ratios and mineral assemblages that are distinctly different from the Golden Fleece, and most of these veins are thought to be genetically related to the younger Lake City caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.2.410","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hon, K., Ludwig, K., Simmons, K.R., Slack, J.F., and Grauch, R., 1985, U-Pb isochron age and Pb isotope systematics of the Golden Fleece vein; implications for the relationship of mineralization to the Lake City caldera, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 410-417, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.2.410.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9cce4b08c986b327dff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hon, K.","contributorId":20471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012966,"text":"70012966 - 1985 - Mesozoic ash-flow caldera fragments in southeastern Arizona and their relation to porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T12:20:57.212464","indexId":"70012966","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesozoic ash-flow caldera fragments in southeastern Arizona and their relation to porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15569851\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous volcanic and associated granitic rocks in southeast Arizona are remnants of large composite silicic volcanic fields, characterized by voluminous ash-flow tuffs and associated calderas. Presence of 10–15 large caldera fragments is inferred primarily from (1) ash-flow deposits more than 1 km thick, having features of intracaldera ponding; (2) “exotic-block” breccias within a tuff matrix, interpreted as caldera-collapse megabreccias; and (3) local granitic intrusions along arcuate structural boundaries of the thick volcanic sequences. Several porphyry copper deposits are associated with late granitic intrusions within the calderas or along their margins.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<652:MACFIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Sawyer, D., 1985, Mesozoic ash-flow caldera fragments in southeastern Arizona and their relation to porphyry copper deposits: Geology, v. 13, no. 9, p. 652-656, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<652:MACFIS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5452e4b0c8380cd6cf4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012967,"text":"70012967 - 1985 - Magadi-type chert, indicator of a lacustrine environment in the Middle Eocene McBean formation, South Carolina.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012967","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magadi-type chert, indicator of a lacustrine environment in the Middle Eocene McBean formation, South Carolina.","docAbstract":"Magadi-type chert (chert derived from magadiite) occurs in the basal part of the formation at three localities in Orangeburg and Calhoun Counties. These occurrences imply that the basal part of the McBean formation was deposited here in an alkaline lake with a high silica content. Formation and filling of the lacustrine depression could have resulted from a timely combination of the following factors: an initial nearshore to estuarine depositional environment; falling sea-level; minor tectonic uplift of the Cape Fear Arch and/or the northern boundary of the south Georgia rift basin; intense chemical weathering in a tropical climate; and seasonal rainfall. The mineralogy, chemistry and genesis of the chert are considered.-R.S.M.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., 1985, Magadi-type chert, indicator of a lacustrine environment in the Middle Eocene McBean formation, South Carolina.: Southeastern Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 185-197.","startPage":"185","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b2de4b0c8380cd69346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, B. B.","contributorId":46092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012920,"text":"70012920 - 1985 - Degradation of carbohydrates and lignins in buried woods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:50:06.752297","indexId":"70012920","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of carbohydrates and lignins in buried woods","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spruce, alder, and oak woods deposited in coastal sediments were characterized&nbsp;</span><i>versus</i><span>&nbsp;their modern counterparts by quantification of individual neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols as well as by scanning electron microscopy,&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C NMR, and elemental analysis. The buried spruce wood from a 2500 yr old deposit was unaltered whereas an alder wood from the same horizon and an oak wood from an open ocean sediment were profoundly degraded. Individual sugar and lignin phenol analyses indicate that at least 90 and 98 wt% of the initial total polysaccharides in the buried alder and oak woods, respectively, have been degraded along with 15–25 wt% of the lignin. At least 75% of the degraded biopolymer has been physically lost from these samples. This evidence is supported by the SEM,&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C NMR and elemental analyses, all of which indicate selective loss of the carbohydrate moiety. The following order of stability was observed for the major biochemical constituents of both buried hardwoods: vanillyl and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>p-</mtext><mtext>hydroxyl</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">p-hydroxyl</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;lignin structural units &gt; syringyl and lignin structural units &gt; pectin &gt; α-cellulose &gt; hemicellulose. This sequence can be explained by selective preservation of the compound middle lamella regions of the wood cell walls. The magnitude and selectivity of the indicated diagenetic reactions are sufficient to cause major changes in the chemical compositions of wood-rich sedimentary organic mixtures and to provide a potentially large&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;nutrient source.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90165-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hedges, J.I., Cowie, G., Ertel, J., James, B.R., and Hatcher, P.G., 1985, Degradation of carbohydrates and lignins in buried woods: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 701-711, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90165-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe55e4b0c8380cd4ec9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedges, J. I.","contributorId":30757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedges","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowie, G.L.","contributorId":96009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowie","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ertel, J.R.","contributorId":84081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ertel","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, Barbour R.","contributorId":17372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Barbour","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012919,"text":"70012919 - 1985 - Remotely sensed limonite anomaly on Lordsburg Mesa, New Mexico: Possible implications for uranium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:46:46.279683","indexId":"70012919","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remotely sensed limonite anomaly on Lordsburg Mesa, New Mexico: Possible implications for uranium deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have identified a large, anomalously limonitic area in Cenozoic gravels on Lordsburg Mesa near Lordsburg, New Mexico, using Landsat images. Our interpretation of the geophysical and geochemical data suggests the exploration hypothesis that the Lordsburg Mesa limonite anomaly is the surface expression of a chemical trap that may contain concentrations of uranium similar to calcrete-uranium deposits. Ground water originating in the Big Burro Mountains, where uranium vein deposits are known, drains through the Lordsburg Mesa area. This ground water is apparently forced near the surface by a buried bed-rock ridge along the west side of the limonite anomaly. The resulting changes in ground-water chemistry may be precipitating uranium along the eastern margin of the limonite anomaly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.3.575","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., Erdman, J.A., McCarthy, J., and Reimer, G., 1985, Remotely sensed limonite anomaly on Lordsburg Mesa, New Mexico: Possible implications for uranium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 3, p. 575-590, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.3.575.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa71ce4b0c8380cd8521b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, J. H.","contributorId":8451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012893,"text":"70012893 - 1985 - Comparative study of aggregations under different dependency assumptions for assessment of undiscovered recoverable oil resources in the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012893","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative study of aggregations under different dependency assumptions for assessment of undiscovered recoverable oil resources in the world","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey assessed all significant sedimentary basins in the world for undiscovered conventionally recoverable crude-oil resources. Probabilistic methodology was applied to each basin assessment to produce estimates in the form of probability distributions. Basin probability distributions were computer aggregated to produce resource estimates for the entire world. Aggregation was approximated by a three-parameter lognormal distribution by combining the first three central moments of basin distributions. For purposes of experiment and study, world aggregation was conducted under four different sets of assumptions. The four cases are (1) dependent assessments of all basins, (2) dependent assessments within continental areas, but independent assessments among continental areas, (3) dependent assessments within countries, but independent assessments among countries, and (4) independent assessments of all basins. Mean estimate remained the same in all four cases, but the width of interval estimate formed using the 95th and 5th fractiles decreased with reduced dependency in going from first to fourth case. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01032927","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1985, Comparative study of aggregations under different dependency assumptions for assessment of undiscovered recoverable oil resources in the world: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 367-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01032927.","startPage":"367","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032927"},{"id":221974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f829e4b0c8380cd4cefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012969,"text":"70012969 - 1985 - ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012969","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The quantity of heavy hydrocarbons - heavy crude oil and natural bitumens - known or surmised to be present in the earth is large. The total is estimated to fall in the range of 5,879,712-5,942,139 million barrels. The portion of this that may ultimately prove recoverable is small, perhaps on the order of 500,000 million barrels of heavy crude oil and 200,000 million barrels of bitumen.","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"UNITAR/UNDP Information Cent for Heavy Crude & Tar Sands","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Schenk, C.J., 1985, ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES., Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 175-191.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0467e4b0c8380cd50971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012970,"text":"70012970 - 1985 - A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T15:56:59","indexId":"70012970","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.","docAbstract":"This uniform technique consisted of fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type III distribution using the method of moments. The objective was to adopt a consistent approach for the estimation of floodflow frequencies that could be used in computing average annual flood losses for project evaluation. In addition, a consistent approach was needed for defining equitable flood-hazard zones as part of the National Flood Insurance Program. -from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W., 1985, A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 111, no. 3, p. 321-337, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321).","startPage":"321","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1985)111:3(321)"},{"id":222115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60be4b0c8380cd47118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, W.O. Jr.","contributorId":32133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}