Invertebrate colonization on newly introduced rock substrates was examined from July through October 1982 in the tailwater of Barren River Lake, Kentucky. Chironomidae, the dominant taxon of benthic insects, reached full colonization by day 14. Colonization by Oligochaeta, the other major invertebrate taxon, was not completed by the end of the 95-day period of observation. It may have been delayed because insufficient food (periphyton and detritus) had accumulated on the clean rocks. Rapid recolonization of dewatered substrates may be especially critical for maintaining adequate fish food in tailwaters of flood-control reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089","usgsCitation":"Swink, W., and Novotny, J., 1985, Invertebrate colonization rates in the tailwater of a Kentucky flood-control reservoir: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 27-34, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Barren River Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b5e4b07f02db53389c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swink, W.D.","contributorId":66200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"W.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novotny, J.F.","contributorId":95856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012343,"text":"70012343 - 1985 - Wavelike movement of bedload sediment, East Fork River, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70012343","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wavelike movement of bedload sediment, East Fork River, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Bedload is moved down the East Fork River in distinct wavelike pulses that have the form of composite dune fields The moving material consists mostly of coarse sand and fine gravel The wavelengths of the pulses are about 500-600 m, a distance that is predetermined by the pattern of stoage of bed sediment in the river during low water As the river discharge increases, the bed sediment is scoured from the storage areas, and it is moved onto and across the interventing riffles As the river discharge decreases, the bed sediment is scoured off the riffles and moved into the next storage area downstream Each successive pulse of water discharge sets into motion a wave of bedload that continues to move unitil it reaches the next storage area ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02509922","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Meade, R., 1985, Wavelike movement of bedload sediment, East Fork River, Wyoming: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 7, no. 4, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509922.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02509922"},{"id":222716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa3e4b08c986b32ea06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012342,"text":"70012342 - 1985 - The transverse and oblique cylindrical equal-area projection of the ellipsoid.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T21:00:11","indexId":"70012342","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The transverse and oblique cylindrical equal-area projection of the ellipsoid.","docAbstract":"The formulas for the ellipsoidal projection are derived for both forward and inverse computations and consist of modifying the formulas obtained by using the authalic sphere so that the scale along the central line of the projection is constant. Fourier series are used to eliminate recurring numerical integration and other lengthy trigonometric computations of co-ordinates.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8306.1985.tb00077.x","usgsCitation":"Snyder, J., 1985, The transverse and oblique cylindrical equal-area projection of the ellipsoid.: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 75, no. 3, p. 431-442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1985.tb00077.x.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269222,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1985.tb00077.x"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb13ae4b08c986b325285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, J.P.","contributorId":79235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013061,"text":"70013061 - 1985 - Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T18:28:43.380103","indexId":"70013061","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","docAbstract":"The West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, contains many volcanogenic sulfide deposits within Middle Devonian rhyolites that have not been highly metamorphosed. The district was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for intensive geological, geochemical, and geophysical study under the Development of Assessment Techniques (DAT) project because accessible exposures have been created by erosion and mining. This report describes the geophysical methods applied to characterize the electrical properties of selected West Shasta massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, at both small (less than 25 ft) and large (greater than 25 ft) scales. The electrical techniques used galvanic (spectral induced polarization--SIP) and induction (very low frequency--VLF, slingram, and time domain electro-magnetics--TDEM) methods.In situ spectral induced polarization measurements were carried out to determine whether or not conductive anomalies in the district could be differentiated by their polarization signatures. The sulfide, in situ, induced polarization-phase spectral signatures (the induced polarization effect as a function of frequency) have much less character and lack the distinctive shape reported for other massive sulfide deposits; however, they do have some identifiable massive sulfide traits, such as low resistivity and variable polarizability. The nondescript sulfide spectral signature is attributed to the poor development of polarization processes due to a high percentage of resistive, nonpolarizable gangue minerals, lack of pore space, and limited electrolytic fluids. Large-scale spectral induced polarization measurements over the Hornet orebody have a greater polarization than the in situ measurements. This observation, in addition to the fact that much of the Hornet sulfide body has been removed by previous mining activity, suggests that the dominant polarization processes occur at the ground-water-sulfide interface.Combined use of induction techniques, which have different depths of penetration, were used to locate conductive anomalies and determine their shape and depth. All the induction surveys over the Hornet orebody detected the conductive tabular-shaped massive pyritic sulfide deposit hosted in resistive rhyolite. Shallow penetrating induction methods near the Keystone mine detected a conductive fault zone where a block of shale has been downfaulted into volcanic rock. Integrated interpretation of deeper penetrating induction data over this conductive fault zone indicates that parts of the shale are also conductive, demonstrating that the integrated use of several induction methods provides better conductor definition than a single method.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Horton, R.J., Smith, B.D., and Washburne, J., 1985, Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2213-2229, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2229","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0890e4b0c8380cd51b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburne, J.C.","contributorId":105431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburne","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013045,"text":"70013045 - 1985 - Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T15:06:31.77465","indexId":"70013045","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","docAbstract":"Near-bottom currents, light transmission and scattering, and bottom pressure were measured with GEOPROBE tripods and vector-averaging current meters during June 1979 to April 1980 on the central shelf 10 km west of the Russian River, California. The instruments were located on the mid-shelf mud belt composed of bimodal sandy clayey silts contributed principally by the Russian River. During the summer season of persistent northwesterly, upwelling-favorable winds, the average and maximum current speeds 5 m above the bottom were 11 and 31 cm s−1, respectively. The mean (subtidal) flow at 5 m above bottom was poleward and slightly offshore at about 6 cm s−1. The strongest wave-generated bottom currents were about 10 cm s−1, but oscillatory velocities > 5 cm s−1 were infrequent. Suspended-matter concentrations, derived from the optical data at 1.9 m above the bottom, ranged from 1 to 6 mg l−1. The optical data show that the currents and waves were generally below threshold levels for sediment erosion through the summer. In contrast, during the autumn and, particularly, the winter months, the average and maximum concentrations of suspended matter increased substantially. The increases were primarily caused by larger waves from distant storms and short intervals of strong currents associated with local storms and, secondarily, by the large seasonal flow of the Russian River. Wind-driven and wave-generated bottom currents were as large as 37 and 45 cm s−1, respectively, during local storms in December 1979 and February 1980. Suspended-matter concentrations averaged about 7 mg l−1 during non-storm winter periods, but increased to nearly 150 mg l−1 during a December storm. Estimates of suspended-matter flux near the bottom show that the local winter storms, which had a combined duration of about 12 days, could account for 30 to 50% of the total annual suspended-sediment transport at the mid-shelf site. Although intervals of large swell were at times superimposed on southward advective currents, the major sediment-transport events were caused by strong southerly winds that produced poleward bottom currents with a significant offshore component. The primary aspects of the distribution of modern sediments on this shelf are in good agreement with the observed poleward transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1985, Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 4, no. 5, p. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Russian River shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ece4b08c986b316c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013099,"text":"70013099 - 1985 - An ocean bottom seismometer study of shallow seismicity near the Mid- America Trench offshore Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:53:05.449242","indexId":"70013099","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ocean bottom seismometer study of shallow seismicity near the Mid- America Trench offshore Guatemala","docAbstract":"Five ocean bottom seismometers recorded seismicity near the Mid-America Trench offshore Guatemala for 27 days in 1979. The array was emplaced in the lower slope region, just above the topographic trench, in the area investigated during Deep Sea Drilling Project legs 67 and 84. Approximately 170 events were recorded by three or more seismometers, and almost half were located with statistical hypocentral errors of less than 10 km. Most epicenters were located immediately landward of the trench axis, and many were further confined to a zone northwest of the array. In terms of depth, most events were located within the subducting Cocos plate rather than in the overlying plate or at the plate-plate boundary. Their apparent concentration in the lower crust and upper mantle may suggest that the upper crust does not have the strength to support earthquake-generating stresses. The data permit construction of a magnitude-duration scale, calibrated with mb magnitudes for events located by the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) and recorded by our array and by the network recording foreshocks and aftershocks of the 1979 Petatlan earthquake. Most magnitudes ranged between 3.0 and 4.0 mb, and the threshold magnitude of locatable events was about 2.8 mb. Two distinct composite focal mechanisms were determined. One appears to indicate high-angle reverse faulting in the subducting plate, in a plane parallel to trench axis strike. The other, constructed for some earthquakes in the zone northwest of the array, seems to show normal faulting along possible fault planes oriented quasi-perpendicular to the trench axis. The normal faulting is consistent with the segmentation of the Cocos plate that has been proposed from land evidence. Such segmentation might be evidenced offshore by normal faulting along planes subperpendicular to trench strike. Alternatively, the seismicity zone and associated normal faulting mechanism may be the subsurface expression of the tectonics responsible for the San Jose Canyon, a prominent submarine canyon located farther upslope. Finally, projection of our seismicity sample and of well-located WWSSN events from 1954 to 1980 onto a plane perpendicular to the trench axis shows a distinct gap between the shallow seismicity located by our array, and the deeper Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity located by the WWSSN. We tentatively ascribe this gap to inadequate sampling, but we suggest that it requires further investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11397","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ambos, E.L., Hussong, D., and Holman, C., 1985, An ocean bottom seismometer study of shallow seismicity near the Mid- America Trench offshore Guatemala: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11397-11412, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11397.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11397","endPage":"11412","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea98e4b0c8380cd4897e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ambos, E. L.","contributorId":23957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambos","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hussong, D.M.","contributorId":99696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hussong","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holman, C.E.","contributorId":20892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012310,"text":"70012310 - 1985 - Solid state recording current meter conversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:48:44","indexId":"70012310","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Solid state recording current meter conversion","docAbstract":"The authors describe the conversion of an Endeco-174 current meter to a solid-state recording current meter. A removable solid-state module was designed to fit in the space originally occupied by an 8-track tape cartridge. The module contains a CPU and 128 kilobytes of nonvolatile CMOS memory. The solid-state module communicates with any terminal or computer using an RS-232C interface at 4800 baud rate. A primary consideration for conversion was to keep modifications of the current meter to a minimum. The communication protocol was designed to emulate the Endeco tape translation unit, thus the need for a translation unit was eliminated and the original data reduction programs can be used without any modification. After conversion, the data recording section of the current meter contains no moving parts; the storage capacity of the module is equivalent to that of the original tape cartridge.
","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Ocean Engineering and the Environment - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Wang, L., 1985, Solid state recording current meter conversion, in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), San Diego, CA, USA, p. 752-754.","startPage":"752","endPage":"754","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf6ae4b0c8380cd87592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Lichen","contributorId":79622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Lichen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013413,"text":"70013413 - 1985 - CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013413","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.","docAbstract":"The author examines the uses of ground-water flow models and which classes of use require treatment of stochastic components. He then compares traditional and stochastic procedures for modeling actual (as distinguished from hypothetical) systems. Finally, he examines the conceptual basis and characteristics of the regression approach to modeling ground-water flow.","conferenceTitle":"Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624676","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1985, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW., Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference., Buffalo, NY, USA, p. 891-896.","startPage":"891","endPage":"896","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dde4b0c8380cd4b441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000106,"text":"2000106 - 1985 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:29:12","indexId":"2000106","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined-Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine Systems each have two Subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine System has four Subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no Subsystems.Within the Subsystems, Classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same Classes may appear under one or more of the Systems or Subsystems. Six Classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrates as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrates as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom Classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore Classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The Class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five Classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The Dominance Type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; Dominance Types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the Classes or Subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four Water Regime Modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, eight Regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of Water Chemistry Modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance Types and relationships of plant and anima","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1985, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 132 p.","productDescription":"132 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013239,"text":"70013239 - 1985 - SEISMIC STUDY OF THE AGUA DE PAU GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT, SAO MIGUEL, AZORES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013239","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SEISMIC STUDY OF THE AGUA DE PAU GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT, SAO MIGUEL, AZORES.","docAbstract":"A 16 station array was operated over the 200 km**2 central portion of Sao Miguel utilizing 8 permanent Instituto Nacional de Meterologia e Geofisica stations and 8 USGS portable stations. Forty four local events with well constrained solutions and 15 regional events were located. In addition, hundreds of unlocatable seismic events were recorded. The most interesting seismic activity occurred in a swarm on September 6 and 7, 1983 when over 200 events were recorded in a 16 hour period. The seismic activity around Agua de Pau was centered on the east and northeast slopes of the volcano. The data suggest a boiling hydrothermal system beneath the Agua de Pau volcano, consistent with a variety of other data.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"093441260X","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P.B., Rodrigues da Silva, A., Iyer, H.M., and Evans, J.R., 1985, SEISMIC STUDY OF THE AGUA DE PAU GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT, SAO MIGUEL, AZORES., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 2, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 401-406.","startPage":"401","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf28e4b0c8380cd87402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodrigues da Silva, Antonio","contributorId":80411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigues da Silva","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2002401,"text":"2002401 - 1985 - Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002401","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85-74","title":"Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"595/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1985, Salmonid whirling disease: serological cross-reactivity confirms myxosporidian-actinosporean unity: Research Information Bulletin 85-74, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012360,"text":"70012360 - 1985 - BORATE DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES: DISSIMILAR IN FORM, SIMILAR IN GEOLOGIC SETTING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012360","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"BORATE DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES: DISSIMILAR IN FORM, SIMILAR IN GEOLOGIC SETTING.","docAbstract":"Borate deposits in the western United States have several geologic characteristics in common: All primary deposits are about 20 my or less in age, and they are observed or inferred to be stratigraphically associated with volcanic activity and thermal springs. Most of them lie at least partially in the lacustrine facies of their host formations which implies the existence of closed basins created by contemporaneous tectonic activity. The preservation of the borate and other dissolved salts requires the climate to have been sufficiently arid for evaporation to offset most of the inflow and prevent the loss of salts by overflow.","conferenceTitle":"Borates: Economic Geology and Production. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Fall Meeting of SME-AIME.","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0895205505","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.I., 1985, BORATE DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES: DISSIMILAR IN FORM, SIMILAR IN GEOLOGIC SETTING., Borates: Economic Geology and Production. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Fall Meeting of SME-AIME., Denver, CO, USA, p. 37-51.","startPage":"37","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef84e4b0c8380cd4a2c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barker James M.Lefond Stanley J.","contributorId":128355,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barker James M.Lefond Stanley J.","id":536250,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002136,"text":"2002136 - 1985 - A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"2002136","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 031/02","title":"A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., and Annable, C., 1985, A model of climatic variables affecting bighorn lamb survival in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 031/02, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Annable, C.","contributorId":24053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annable","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013092,"text":"70013092 - 1985 - MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70013092","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.","docAbstract":"This article briefly traces the status of marine minerals development, and it describes papers presented in this special issue on the subject. Subjects covered include types of deposits, marine mining in Canada, Manganese nodules, metalliferous sulfides as seabed minerals, metallurgical processes for reducing sulfide minerals, U. S. phosphate industry, construction materials and placers, and industry problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Technology Society Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Cruickshank, M.J., and Siapno, W., 1985, MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 19, no. 4, p. 3-5.","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab7e4b0c8380cd68faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruickshank, Michael J.","contributorId":97627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruickshank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siapno, William","contributorId":38278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siapno","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002135,"text":"2002135 - 1985 - A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002135","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 006/36","title":"A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Dunn, W., and Douglas, C.L., 1985, A population survey of the Tin Mountain bighorn population: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 006/36, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, W.C.","contributorId":50465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013031,"text":"70013031 - 1985 - Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T12:16:58.968907","indexId":"70013031","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey","docAbstract":"Analyses of results of the National Geodetic Survey's leveling refraction tests indicate that the standard deviation about the mean (σ) for high-scale minus low-scale rod readings closely correlates with measured refraction error. Use of this relation in conjunction with values for σ obtained from routinely constrained surveys provides a basis for estimating the refraction error associated with levelings of stipulated order and class.
Under the assumption that landforms unaffected by drainage channels are degraded according to the linear diffusion equation, a procedure is developed to invert a scarp profile to find its “diffusion age.” Diffusion age, having dimension [length]2, is the product of diffusivity times chronological age. The second moment of scarp slope grows linearly with age. This fact, together with an assumption about initial scarp shape, allows the inverse determination of diffusion age. Age found assuming a vertical initial scarp is termed “apparent age”; any nonvertical initial scarp profile has a nonzero initial apparent age. True diffusion age differs from apparent age by a fraction of scarp offset squared. The inverse procedure applied to synthetic data yields the following rules of thumb. Evidence of initial scarp shape has been lost when apparent age reaches twice its initial value. If a scarp is formed by two events, the inversion gives their offset-weighted-mean age with an error that is a fraction of offset squared. A scarp that appears to have been formed by one event may have been formed by two with an interval between them as large as apparent age. After scarps of two fault traces have diffused to appear as one, the error in inferred age may be as large as half the apparent age. Variation of apparent age along strike would indicate multiple fault traces. The simplicity of scarp profile measurement and this inversion makes profile analysis attractive. If linearity of the flow law, time for a free face to be reduced to the angle of repose, and variation of diffusivity with climate and material could be established, profile analysis would become a reliable dating technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB12p10193","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., and Hanks, T.C., 1985, Scarp degraded by linear diffusion: Inverse solution for age: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B12, p. 10193-10208, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB12p10193.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10193","endPage":"10208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b872ce4b08c986b316359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012344,"text":"70012344 - 1985 - Simulated fissioning of uranium and testing of the fission-track dating method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:03:53","indexId":"70012344","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2913,"text":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated fissioning of uranium and testing of the fission-track dating method","docAbstract":"A computer program (FTD-SIM) faithfully simulates the fissioning of 238U with time and 235U with neutron dose. The simulation is based on first principles of physics where the fissioning of 238U with the flux of time is described by Ns = ??f 238Ut and the fissioning of 235U with the fluence of neutrons is described by Ni = ??235U??. The Poisson law is used to set the stochastic variation of fissioning within the uranium population. The life history of a given crystal can thus be traced under an infinite variety of age and irradiation conditions. A single dating attempt or up to 500 dating attempts on a given crystal population can be simulated by specifying the age of the crystal population, the size and variation in the areas to be counted, the amount and distribution of uranium, the neutron dose to be used and its variation, and the desired ratio of 238U to 235U. A variety of probability distributions can be applied to uranium and counting-area. The Price and Walker age equation is used to estimate age. The output of FTD-SIM includes the tabulated results of each individual dating attempt (sample) on demand and/or the summary statistics and histograms for multiple dating attempts (samples) including the sampling age. An analysis of the results from FTD-SIM shows that: (1) The external detector method is intrinsically more precise than the population method. (2) For the external detector method a correlation between spontaneous track count, Ns, and induced track count, Ni, results when the population of grains has a stochastic uranium content and/or when the counting areas between grains are stochastic. For the population method no correlation can exist. (3) In the external detector method the sampling distribution of age is independent of the number of grains counted. In the population method the sampling distribution of age is highly dependent on the number of grains counted. (4) Grains with zero-track counts, either in Ns or Ni, are in integral part of fissioning theory and under certain circumstances must be included in any estimate of age. (5) In estimating standard error of age the standard error of Ns and Ni and ?? must be accurately estimated and propagated through the age equation. Several statistical models are presently available to do so. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0735-245X(85)90126-7","issn":"0735245X","usgsCitation":"McGee, V., Johnson, N., and Naeser, C.W., 1985, Simulated fissioning of uranium and testing of the fission-track dating method: Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982), v. 10, no. 3, p. 365-379, https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90126-7.","startPage":"365","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268862,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90126-7"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fa8e4b08c986b319073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, V.E.","contributorId":36295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, N.M.","contributorId":105429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013051,"text":"70013051 - 1985 - EARTHQUAKE PERFORMANCE OF A BRIDGE DECK AND ABUTMENT.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013051","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EARTHQUAKE PERFORMANCE OF A BRIDGE DECK AND ABUTMENT.","docAbstract":"During the 24 April 1984 Morgan Hill Earthquake (M equals 6. 1), 15 channels of acceleration records were obtained at the site of the I-280-680/US 101 interchange 12 km west of the epicenter. These records include free field measurements as well as the acceleration response at one of the supporting column bases, and at three locations in one of the spans of the three-span continuous post-tensioned box-girder deck. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance of this bridge deck and its abutment through the study of these records. The objective in extensively instrumenting a bridge deck or any structure is to obtain relevant response data to study its behaviour during strong motion events and ultimately extrapolate conclusions for improved design.","conferenceTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Ltd","publisherLocation":"Southampton, Engl","isbn":"0905451341","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Brady, G., 1985, EARTHQUAKE PERFORMANCE OF A BRIDGE DECK AND ABUTMENT., Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference., Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0452e4b0c8380cd508de","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brebbia, C.A.","contributorId":112425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brebbia","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cakmak, A.S.","contributorId":114101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cakmak","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508478,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghaffar, Abdel","contributorId":113250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghaffar","given":"Abdel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508477,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, G.","contributorId":58650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012735,"text":"70012735 - 1985 - A new look at deep-sea video","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T15:48:41.459674","indexId":"70012735","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new look at deep-sea video","docAbstract":"A deep-towed photographic system with completely self-contained recording instrumentation and power can obtain color-video and still-photographic transects along rough terrane without need for a long electrically conducting cable. Both the video- and still-camera systems utilize relatively inexpensive and proven off-the-shelf hardware adapted for deep-water environments. The small instrument frame makes the towed sled an ideal photographic tool for use on ship or small-boat operations.
The system includes a temperature probe and altimeter that relay data acoustically from the sled to the surface ship. This relay enables the operator to monitor simultaneously water temperature and the precise height off the bottom.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(85)90057-3","usgsCitation":"Chezar, H., and Lee, J., 1985, A new look at deep-sea video: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 32, no. 11, p. 1429-1436, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(85)90057-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1429","endPage":"1436","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a4e4b0c8380cd467cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chezar, H.","contributorId":52321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chezar","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012777,"text":"70012777 - 1985 - Linear inversion of transmitted acoustic wave fields for three-dimensional modulus and density perturbations using a born-type approximation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T15:20:05.802651","indexId":"70012777","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear inversion of transmitted acoustic wave fields for three-dimensional modulus and density perturbations using a born-type approximation","docAbstract":"A Born approximation is used to linearize the relationship, in the horizontal-wavenumber and frequency domains, between lateral perturbations of modulus and density in a layered half-space and the acoustic wave field observed at the surface when a plane wave is incident from below. The resulting equations can be used to perform a linear inversion of observed acoustic wave fields to obtain lateral perturbations in modulus and density. Since modulus and density effects are separated, gravity observations can be included in the inversion procedure without any assumptions about the relationship between density and acoustic velocity. Tests with synthetic data sets reveal that the inversion method gives useful results when the spatial scales of the inhomogeneities are smaller than several acoustic wavelengths. The inclusion of gravity observations in the inversion reduces the strong negative tradeoff between modulus and density perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750010093","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Stauber, D.A., 1985, Linear inversion of transmitted acoustic wave fields for three-dimensional modulus and density perturbations using a born-type approximation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 1, p. 93-114, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750010093.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40e6e4b0c8380cd65118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauber, Douglas A.","contributorId":90870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauber","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012744,"text":"70012744 - 1985 - The near-source strong-motion accelerograms recorded by an experimental array in Tangshan, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:31:11","indexId":"70012744","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The near-source strong-motion accelerograms recorded by an experimental array in Tangshan, China","docAbstract":"A joint research project on strong-motion earthquake studies between the People's Republic of China and the United States is in progress. As a part of this project, an experimental strong-motion array, consisting of twelve Kinemetrics PDR-1 Digital Event Recorders, was deployed in the meizoseismal area of the Ms = 7.8 Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976. These instruments have automatic gain ranging, a specified dynamic range of 102 dB, a 2.5 s pre-event memory, programmable triggering, and are equipped with TCG-1B Time Code Generators with a stability of 3 parts in 107 over a range of 0-50??C. In 2 y of operation beginning July, 1982 a total of 603 near-source 3-component accelerograms were gathered from 243 earthquakes of magnitude ML = 1.2-5.3. Most of these accelerograms have recorded the initial P-wave. The configuration of the experimental array and a representative set of near-source strong-motion accelerograms are presented in this paper. The set of accelerograms exhibited were obtained during the ML = 5.3 Lulong earthquake of October 19, 1982, when digital event recorders were triggered. The epicentral distances ranged from 4 to 41 km and the corresponding range of peak horizontal accelerations was 0.232g to 0.009g. A preliminary analysis of the data indicates that compared to motions in the western United States, the peak acceleration attenuates much more rapidly in the Tangshan area. The scaling of peak acceleration with magnitude, however, is similar in the two regions. Data at more distant sites are needed to confirm the more rapid attenuation. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(85)90148-7","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Peng, K., Xie, L., Li, S., Boore, D., Iwan, W., and Teng, T., 1985, The near-source strong-motion accelerograms recorded by an experimental array in Tangshan, China: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 38, no. 2-3, p. 92-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90148-7.","startPage":"92","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90148-7"},{"id":222496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae09e4b08c986b323ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, K.","contributorId":31909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iwan, W.D.","contributorId":33848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwan","given":"W.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Teng, T.L.","contributorId":62749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70012742,"text":"70012742 - 1985 - Depositional Relations of Umpqua and Tyee Formations (Eocene), Southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:31:10.379486","indexId":"70012742","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional Relations of Umpqua and Tyee Formations (Eocene), Southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Studies of the depositional relations of the Umpqua and Tyee Formations (Eocene) in southwestern Oregon indicate a need for reassessing the correlations and currently used terminology. The Umpqua Formation (as herein restricted) consists of as much as 10,000 ft (3,000 m) of mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate of nonmarine to deep marine origin. A basaltic basement that underlies the sedimentary rocks in most of the area and was formerly included in the Umpqua is herein considered a separate unit and assigned to the Siletz River Volcanics. A proposal to subdivide the Umpqua into three unconformity-bounded formations (in ascending order: Roseburg, Lookingglass, and Flournoy Formations) in the area west of Roseburg, Oregon, is not recognized in this report because of quest onable correlations and limited extent of some units. Foremost of these questionable correlations is that of the Flournoy Formation with rocks formerly assigned to the Tyee Formation in areas as far north as the latitude of Salem, Oregon. My investigations of depositional facies and lithologic criteria do not substantiate this correlation.
The Tyee Formation, which conformably overlies the Umpqua, is a predominantly sandstone unit about 6,000 ft (1,800 m) thick, deposited in environments ranging from shallow marine and nonmarine deltaic on the south, to slope and deep marine basinal to the north. Deposition across the Umpqua-Tyee boundary contact represents a change in tectonic setting from active plate margin of the Umpqua to more stable marginal basin deposition of the Tyee. This change is also reflected in a change in provenance as indicated by the characteristic arkosic and micaceous aspects of Tyee sandstones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462BB9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Molenaar, C.M., 1985, Depositional Relations of Umpqua and Tyee Formations (Eocene), Southwestern Oregon: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1217-1229, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462BB9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1217","endPage":"1229","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua and Tyee Formations","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.61573884056492,\n 44.09401586800607\n ],\n [\n -124.61573884056492,\n 42.38533872872969\n ],\n [\n -121.9551006063869,\n 42.38533872872969\n ],\n [\n -121.9551006063869,\n 44.09401586800607\n ],\n [\n -124.61573884056492,\n 44.09401586800607\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd40e4b0c8380cd4e705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molenaar, C. M.","contributorId":77904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molenaar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}