{"pageNumber":"4567","pageRowStart":"114150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":166004,"records":[{"id":70009914,"text":"70009914 - 1985 - Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission-track age standards: Fission-track workshop-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:02:08","indexId":"70009914","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2913,"text":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission-track age standards: Fission-track workshop-1984","docAbstract":"Five samples were made available as standards for the 1984 Fission Track Workshop held in the summer of 1984 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York). Two zircons, two apatites and a sphene were distributed prior to the meeting to 40 different laboratories. To date, 24 different analysts have reported results. The isotopic ages of the standards ranged from 16.8 to 98.7 Myr. Only the statement that the age of each sample was less than 200 Myr was provided with the set of standards distributed. Consequently, each laboratory was required to use their laboratory's accepted treatment (irradiation level, etching conditions, counting conditions, etc.) for these samples. The results show that some workers have serious problems in achieving accurate age determinations. This emphasizes the need to calibrate experimental techniques and counting procedures against age standards before unknown ages are determined. Any fission-track age determination published or submitted for publication can only be considered reliable if it is supported by evidence of consistent determinations on age standards. Only this can provide the scientific community with the background to build up confidence concerning the validity of the fission-track method. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0735-245X(85)90127-9","issn":"0735245X","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.S., Duddy, I., Green, P., Hurford, A., and Naeser, C.W., 1985, Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission-track age standards: Fission-track workshop-1984: Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982), v. 10, no. 3, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90127-9.","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268860,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90127-9"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aab68e4b0c8380cd86814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D. S.","contributorId":64260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duddy, I.R.","contributorId":41581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duddy","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, P.F.","contributorId":35062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurford, A.J.","contributorId":21669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurford","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012971,"text":"70012971 - 1985 - Adjustment of geochemical background by robust multivariate statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T11:19:38.58121","indexId":"70012971","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adjustment of geochemical background by robust multivariate statistics","docAbstract":"<p>Conventional analyses of exploration geochemical data assume that the background is a constant or slowly changing value, equivalent to a plane or a smoothly curved surface. However, it is better to regard the geochemical background as a rugged surface, varying with changes in geology and environment. This rugged surface can be estimated from observed geological, geochemical and environmental properties by using multivariate statistics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(85)90046-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Zhou, D., 1985, Adjustment of geochemical background by robust multivariate statistics: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 24, no. 2, p. 207-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90046-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f6e4b0c8380cd4775b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, D.","contributorId":98037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012973,"text":"70012973 - 1985 - Morphology and downslope sediment displacement in a deep-sea valley, the Valencia Valley (Northwestern Mediterranean)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70012973","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and downslope sediment displacement in a deep-sea valley, the Valencia Valley (Northwestern Mediterranean)","docAbstract":"The Valencia Valley is a Quaternary, 200 km long deep-sea valley in the Valencia Trough, Western Mediterranean Sea. A swathmapping survey approximately mid-way along the valley length, where the floor has an average gradient of 1:250 (0.2??), shows valley walls that rise 200 to 350 m above the valley floor, with slopes of 2 to 18??. Sediment forming the walls is undergoing retrogressive, upslope-directed slumping with increasing bedding disruption along steeper walls. The valley exhibits a winding course with steep outer and gentler inner walls around bends, and bedforms on the valley floor. Lateral migration around bends is less than 5 km and the valley is deeply entrenched into Quaternary-bedded sediments. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02281632","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"O'Connell, S., Alonso, B., Kastens, K., Maldonado, A., Malinverno, A., Nelson, C., Palanques, A., and Ryan, W., 1985, Morphology and downslope sediment displacement in a deep-sea valley, the Valencia Valley (Northwestern Mediterranean): Geo-Marine Letters, v. 5, no. 3, p. 149-156, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02281632.","startPage":"149","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281632"},{"id":220118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e4ce4b0c8380cd70938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connell, S.","contributorId":37060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alonso, B.","contributorId":51014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kastens, K.A.","contributorId":70917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastens","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maldonado, A.","contributorId":90437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malinverno, A.","contributorId":70919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinverno","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Palanques, A.","contributorId":61155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palanques","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ryan, William B. F.","contributorId":86486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"William B. F.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70012975,"text":"70012975 - 1985 - Chesterian davidsoniacean and orthotetacean brachiopods, Ozark region of Arkansas and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T11:22:40.671733","indexId":"70012975","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesterian davidsoniacean and orthotetacean brachiopods, Ozark region of Arkansas and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Three species of orthotetaceans and one species of davidsoniacean are among the strophomenid brachiopods from Chesterian (Upper Mississippian) rocks of northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma. Type material from the Fayetteville Shale, Orthotetes subglobosus and O. subglobosus var. protensus, is figured for the first time. We regard these species, and O. subglobosus var. batesvillensis Girty from the Batesville Sandstone, as distinct species, for which we are selecting lectotypes. We describe a fourth species, O. stenopsis n.sp., from the Pitkin Limestone. Another species, described from the Pitkin as Streptorhynchus suspectum, has an impunctate shell and is thus not an orthotetacean. This bizarre species generally has a long twisted beak, high interarea, and large forked cardinal process; a myophragm may occur in either valve, but more commonly is in the brachial valve alone. We designate a lectotype for this species and propose a new genus Adectorhynchus and a new family Adectorhynchidae, under the Davidsoniacea, for this taxon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Henry, T.W., and Gordon, M., 1985, Chesterian davidsoniacean and orthotetacean brachiopods, Ozark region of Arkansas and Oklahoma: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 32-59.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304826"},{"id":220167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b5e4b0c8380cd4c399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, T. W.","contributorId":81904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, M. Jr.","contributorId":34260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012977,"text":"70012977 - 1985 - A general earthquake-observation system (GEOS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-26T16:56:59.96196","indexId":"70012977","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A general earthquake-observation system (GEOS)","docAbstract":"Microprocessor technology has permitted the development of a General Earthquake-Observation System (GEOS) useful for most seismic applications. Central-processing-unit control via robust software of system functions that are isolated on hardware modules permits field adaptability of the system to a wide variety of active and passive seismic experiments and straightforward modification for incorporation of improvements in technology. Various laboratory tests and numerous deployments of a set of the systems in the field have confirmed design goals, including: wide linear dynamic range (16 bit/96 dB); broad bandwidth (36 hr to 600 Hz; greater than 36 hr available); selectable sensor-type (accelerometer, seismometer, dilatometer); selectable channels (1 to 6); selectable record mode (continuous, preset, trigger); large data capacity (1. 4 to 60 Mbytes); selectable time standard (WWVB, master, manual); automatic self-calibration; simple field operation; full capability to adapt system in the field to a wide variety of experiments; low power; portability; and modest costs. System design goals for a microcomputer-controlled system with modular software and hardware components as implemented on the GEOS are presented. The systems have been deployed for 15 experiments, including: studies of near-source strong motion; high-frequency microearthquakes; crustal structure; down-hole wave propagation; teleseismicity; and earth-tidal strains.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750061783","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., Fletcher, J.B., Jensen, E., Maxwell, G., VanSchaack, J., Warrick, R., Cranswick, E., Johnston, M., and McClearn, R., 1985, A general earthquake-observation system (GEOS): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1783-1825, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750061783.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"1783","endPage":"1825","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/6/1783/118804/A-general-earthquake-observation-system-GEOS"}],"volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1448e4b0c8380cd5499d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, E.G.","contributorId":19962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, G.L.","contributorId":88376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"VanSchaack, J.R.","contributorId":49515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSchaack","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warrick, R.E.","contributorId":43774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McClearn, R.","contributorId":13374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClearn","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70012894,"text":"70012894 - 1985 - Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:46:51","indexId":"70012894","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","docAbstract":"Two techniques for the conversion of water to hydrogen for stable isotope ratio determination have been developed that are especially suited for automated multisample analysis. Both procedures involve reaction of zinc shot with a water sample at 450 ??C. in one method designed for water samples in bottles, the water is put in capillaries and is reduced by zinc in reaction vessels; overall savings in sample preparation labor of 75% have been realized over the standard uranium reduction technique. The second technique is for waters evolved under vacuum and is a sealed-tube method employing 9 mm o.d. quartz tubing. Problems inherent with zinc reduction include surface inhomogeneity of the zinc and exchange of hydrogen both with the zinc and with the glass walls of the vessels. For best results, water/zinc and water/glass surface area ratios of vessels should be kept as large as possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00284a058","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Coplen, T., 1985, Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination: Analytical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1437-1440, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1440","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269213,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058"},{"id":221975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6095e4b0c8380cd71564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012897,"text":"70012897 - 1985 - CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012897","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES.","docAbstract":"Insoluble residues from three sequences of Paleozoic marine evaporites (Retsof salt bed in western New York, Salado Formation in south-eastern New Mexico, and Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation in southeastern Utah) are rich in trioctahedral clays. Chlorite (clinochlore), corrensite (mixed-layer chlorite-trioctahedral smectite), talc, and illite (the only dioctahedral clay) are the dominant clay minerals; serpentine, discrete trioctahedral smectite (saponite), and interstratified talc-trioctahedral smectite are sporadically abundant. These clay-mineral assemblages differ chemically and mineralogically from those observed in most continental and normal marine rocks, which commonly contain kaolinite, dioctahedral smectite (beidellite-montmorillonite), illite, mixed-layer illite-dioctahedral smectite, and, in most cases, no more than minor quantities of trioctahedral clay minerals. The distinctive clay mineralogy in these evaporite sequences suggests a largely authigenic origin. These clay minerals are thought to have formed during deposition and early diagenesis through interaction between argillaceous detritus and Mg-rich marine evaporite brines.","conferenceTitle":"Mineralogy - Applications to the Minerals Industry, Proceedings of the Paul F. Kerr Memorial Symposium.","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0895204460","usgsCitation":"Bodine, M.W., 1985, CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES., Mineralogy - Applications to the Minerals Industry, Proceedings of the Paul F. Kerr Memorial Symposium., New York, NY, USA, p. 133-156.","startPage":"133","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d0e4b0c8380cd4b3c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodine, Marc W. Jr.","contributorId":25974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodine","given":"Marc","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012898,"text":"70012898 - 1985 - Paraheritschioides, a new rugose coral genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T22:21:36.033928","indexId":"70012898","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paraheritschioides, a new rugose coral genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Colonial rugose corals are rare and generally poorly diversified in the Upper Pennsylvanian of the western interior region, conterminous USA. Paraheritschioides n.gen., which includes P. grandis n.sp., and P. complexa n.sp. from the Oquirrh Formation in Idaho, provides a new tool for distinguishing Upper Pennsylvanian rocks in the western interior. The new genus is also represented by P. stevensi (Wilson) in the Permian McCloud Limestone of northern California. The new family Heritschioididae is created to include Paraheritschioides, Heritschioides, Amandophyllum and Heintzella.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontology Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Sando, W., 1985, Paraheritschioides, a new rugose coral genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Idaho: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, no. 4, p. 979-985.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"979","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430688,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jpaleontol/article/59/4/979/108175/paraheritschioides-a-new-rugose-coral-genus-from"},{"id":222044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74c8e4b0c8380cd77817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012917,"text":"70012917 - 1985 - Remote sensing; a geophysical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:14:20.587013","indexId":"70012917","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing; a geophysical perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this review of developments in the field of remote sensing from a geophysical perspective, the subject is limited to the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.4 mu m to 25 cm. Three broad energy categories are covered: solar reflected, thermal infrared, and microwave.The reflected solar region has been the most intensely studied. Photointerpretation of images from individual spectral bands or from color composites remains the most widely used method of analysis. New instrumentation and digital processing, based on analysis of laboratory and field spectra, provide significant advances that are beginning to be applied to resource exploration. Color compositing techniques have been effectively used to detect the characteristic spectral reflectance features of iron oxides and hydroxyl-bearing materials in satellite multispectral data for mapping areas of hydrothermal alteration. Airborne spectrometers can now detect individual spectral features of many minerals which are diagnostic of different stages of hydrothermal alteration. Evolution was from discrimination, based on empirical experience, to mineralogic identification and leading to quantification. Current developments also indicate new, promising extensions to vegetated terrains.Advances in thermal infrared studies are due to development of thermal models that permit mapping of physical property variations and to detection of spectral differences that provide important compositional information. Analysis techniques are still in their infancy, and thermal satellite data remain appropriate only for regional investigations.Microwave data have been acquired mainly with radar systems, which can provide very high resolution from space, but use of textural and slope information has had limited application. Long-wavelength radiation has been shown to penetrate dry materials, and this may be applicable in extremely arid regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441885","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1985, Remote sensing; a geophysical perspective: Geophysics, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2595-2610, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441885.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2595","endPage":"2610","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa713e4b0c8380cd851eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012978,"text":"70012978 - 1985 - Carboniferous U-Pb age of the Sebago batholith, southwestern Maine: Metamorphic and tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T21:57:08.001591","indexId":"70012978","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carboniferous U-Pb age of the Sebago batholith, southwestern Maine: Metamorphic and tectonic implications","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15275709\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Two phases (pink and white granite) of the Sebago batholith of southwestern Maine have been dated by the U-Pb zircon method. Identical upper concordia intercepts of both rocks indicate an intrusive age of 325 ± 3 m.y. for the batholith. The lower intercept of the pink-phase sample, 114 ± 13 m.y., is inferred to represent episodic lead loss due to the intrusion of the nearby Cretaceous Pleasant Mountain stock. The lower intercept of the white-phase sample, 18 ± 21 m.y., suggests only modern dilatancy lead loss. Monazites have ages of 272 m.y. (pink) and 282 m.y. (white) which are thought to be cooling ages. Rb-Sr whole-rock data have low initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios of 0.7031 (pink) and 0.7053 (white). These data, in conjunction with published<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and fission-track ages, suggest that little or no uplift occurred in this part of New England until the Permian and that the uplift rate from 275 m.y. to 225 m.y. was ∼3 times as rapid as was the rate for 225 m.y. to the present. The Carboniferous age of the Sebago batholith suggests that currently accepted metamorphic and tectonic interpretations for southwestern Maine and for east-central New Hampshire require revision.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<990:CUAOTS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J., Moench, R.H., and Lyons, J., 1985, Carboniferous U-Pb age of the Sebago batholith, southwestern Maine: Metamorphic and tectonic implications: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 8, p. 990-996, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<990:CUAOTS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.3036125395319,\n              44.81568742573111\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3036125395319,\n              42.75380834567113\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.84267503953212,\n              42.75380834567113\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.84267503953212,\n              44.81568742573111\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3036125395319,\n              44.81568742573111\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f373e4b0c8380cd4b811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J.H.","contributorId":74247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, R. H.","contributorId":8853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, J.B.","contributorId":51390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012899,"text":"70012899 - 1985 - Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T16:01:20.994394","indexId":"70012899","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2400,"text":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Raman spectra of crystalline polymorphs of a number of tectosilicate minerals having various sizes of smallest rings of TO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;tetrahedra (T = Si, Al) have been investigated to identify the bands that are sensitive indicators of the smallest rings in the network. The information obtained from the Raman spectra of tectosilicate minerals (e.g., SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;polymorphs, NaAlSi</span><sub>3</sub><span>O</span><sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;(Ab), NaAlSiO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(Ne), KAlSi</span><sub>3</sub><span>O</span><sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;(Or), and KAlSi</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;(Lc)) is used to interpret the Raman spectra of the isochemical glasses. It is shown that the frequency of the dominant&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;(TOT) band in the spectra of both crystals and glasses is related to the dominant size of TO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;rings in the structure. In agreement with previous X-ray RDF work, it is found that in the glasses of Ab and Jd (NaAlSi</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>6</sub><span>) compositions, six-membered rings of TO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;tetrahedra predominate. The Raman spectrum of Or glass, however, indicates that clusters of intermixed four- and six-membered rings of TO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;tetrahedra, similar to those existing in crystalline leucite, are also present in the glass. Raman evidence indicates that four-membered rings of TO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;tetrahedra predominate in the glass of An composition. Similarly, the higher frequency of the&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;(TOT) band in the spectrum of Ne glass as compared with the frequency the&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;(TOT) band in the spectra of crystalline cargenieite and nephelite indicates either an admixture of the four- and six-membered rings or the puckering of six-membered rings in the glass structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-3093(85)90311-4","issn":"00223093","usgsCitation":"Sharma, S., Philpotts, J., and Matson, D., 1985, Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate framework glasses- A raman spectroscopic study: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, v. 71, no. 1-3, p. 403-410, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(85)90311-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad6be4b0c8380cd86ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, S.K.","contributorId":45582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philpotts, J.A.","contributorId":78360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philpotts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, D.W.","contributorId":108366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012979,"text":"70012979 - 1985 - Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:11:13","indexId":"70012979","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologic measurements and analyses of various nitrogen and phosphorus species were made on the Apalachicola River system in northern Florida in 1979 and 1980. Annual outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were not substantially different from annual inflows. However, there was significant net import of ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus and net export of some particulate and organic species. The TN: TP ratio ranged from 12 to 15, but the specific ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: soluble reactive phosphorus was much higher (up to 40) and increased in a downstream direction; this contributed to a phosphorus-limiting situation in Apalachicola estuary. Processes within the flood plain ecosystem accounted for much of the release of organic and particulate species and retention of inorganic species. This flood plain function is probably critical for maintaining a nutrient pool in the estuary which supports secondary productivity and a detrital-based food web.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00724","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., 1985, Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 724-732, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00724.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i005p00724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola river","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c5e4b0c8380cd72fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012980,"text":"70012980 - 1985 - NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70012980","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"National Water Information System (NWIS) has been designed as an interactive, distributed data system. It will integrate the existing, diverse data-processing systems into a common system. It will also provide easier, more flexible use as well as more convenient access and expanded computing, dissemination, and data-analysis capabilities. The NWIS is being implemented as part of a Distributed Information System (DIS) being developed by the Survey's Water Resources Division. The NWIS will be implemented on each node of the distributed network for the local processing, storage, and dissemination of hydrologic data collected within the node's area of responsibility. The processor at each node will also be used to perform hydrologic modeling, statistical data analysis, text editing, and some administrative work.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers).","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M.D., 1985, NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers)., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 94-96.","startPage":"94","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6135e4b0c8380cd71844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Melvin D.","contributorId":94305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012982,"text":"70012982 - 1985 - Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70012982","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes","docAbstract":"The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land, constituting the largest ice-free expanse in the Antarctic, contain numerous lakes whose perennial ice cover is the cause of some unique physical and biological properties 1-3. Although the depth, temperature and salinity of the liquid water varies considerably from lake to lake, the thickness of the ice cover is remarkably consistent1, ranging from 3.5 to 6m, which is determined primarily by the balance between conduction of energy out of the ice and the release of latent heat at the ice-water interface and is also affected by the transmission and absorption of sunlight. In the steady state, the release of latent heat at the ice bottom is controlled by ablation from the ice surface. Here we present a simple energy-balance model, using the measured ablation rate of 30 cm yr-1, which can explain the observed ice thickness. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/313561a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"McKay, C., Clow, G., Wharton, R., and Squyres, S.W., 1985, Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes: Nature, v. 313, no. 6003, p. 561-562, https://doi.org/10.1038/313561a0.","startPage":"561","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313561a0"},{"id":220226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"313","issue":"6003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2a9e4b08c986b32593d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wharton, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":56795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wharton","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012847,"text":"70012847 - 1985 - Sedimentary framework of Penobscot Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:15:15","indexId":"70012847","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary framework of Penobscot Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"<p>Analyses of seismic-reflection profiles, along with previously collected sediment samples and geologic information from surrounding coastal areas, outline the characteristics, distribution, and history of the strata that accumulated within Penobscot Bay, Maine, during the complex period of glaciation, crustal movement, and sea-level change since late Wisconsinan time. Sediments that overlie the rugged, glacially eroded surface of Paleozoic bedrock range in thickness from near zero to more than 50 m and consist of four distinct units.</p><dl class=\"list\"><ol><li>Massive to partly stratified, coarse-grained drift forms thin (&lt; 15 m) isolated patches along the walls and floors of bedrock troughs and constitutes a thick (up to 30 m), hummocky end moraine in the central part of the bay. The drift was deposited by the last ice sheet between 12,700 and 13,500 years ago during deglaciation and coastal submergence (due to crustal depression).</li><li>Well-stratified, fine-grained glaciomarine deposits are concentrated in bedrock depressions beneath the main passages of the bay. During the period of ice retreat and marine submergence, these sediments settled to the sea floor, draped the irregular underlying surface of bedrock or drift, and accumulated without disturbance by physical or biologic processes.</li><li>Heterogeneous fluvial deposits fill ancestral channels of the Penobscot River beneath the head of the bay. The channels were incised during a −40 m postglacial low stand of sea level (due to crustal rebound) and later were filled as base level was increased during Holocene time.</li><li>Muddy marine sediments, which are homogeneous to weakly stratified and rich in organic matter, blanket older deposits within bathymetric depressions in the middle and lower reaches of the bay and cover a pronounced, gently dipping, erosional unconformity in the upper reach. These sediments were deposited during the Holocene transgression as sea level approached its present position and the bay became deeper.</li></ol></dl><p>Late Wisconsinan and Holocene sedimentation in Penobscot Bay has smoothed the sea floor, but it has not completely obscured the ice-sculptured bedrock topography.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90061-1","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., and Scanlon, K.M., 1985, Sedimentary framework of Penobscot Bay, Maine: Marine Geology, v. 65, no. 3-4, p. 305-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90061-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a24e4b08c986b31705f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012846,"text":"70012846 - 1985 - Determining relative error bounds for the CVBEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:54:49.970082","indexId":"70012846","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1514,"text":"Engineering Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining relative error bounds for the CVBEM","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Complex Variable Boundary Element Methods provides a measure of relative error which can be utilized to subsequently reduce the error or provide information for further modeling analysis. By maximizing the relative error norm on each boundary element, a bound on the total relative error for each boundary element can be evaluated. This bound can be utilized to test CVBEM convergence, to analyze the effects of additional boundary nodal points in reducing the modeling error, and to evaluate the sensitivity of resulting modeling error within a boundary element from the error produced in another boundary element as a function of geometric distance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-682X(85)90057-7","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1985, Determining relative error bounds for the CVBEM: Engineering Analysis, v. 2, no. 2, p. 75-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-682X(85)90057-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff3e4b0c8380cd4f4c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012844,"text":"70012844 - 1985 - Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T16:06:54.832392","indexId":"70012844","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic-refraction profiles recorded north of Mammoth Lakes, California, using earthquake sources from the January 1983 swarm complement earlier explosion refraction profiles and provide velocity information from deeper in the crust in the area of the Long Valley caldera. Eight earthquakes from a depth range of 4.9 to 8.0 km confirm the observation of basement rocks with seismic velocities ranging from 5.8 to 6.4 km/sec extending at least to depths of 20 km. The data provide further evidence for the existence of a partial melt zone beneath Long Valley caldera and constrain its geometry. This evidence is in the form of pronounced secondary arrivals, which we interpret as waves that have propagated through a volume with low Q (the magma chamber) and reflected from the lower boundary of the southern edge of this volume at depths of 18 to 20 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750010211","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Luetgert, J.H., and Mooney, W.D., 1985, Crustal refraction profile of the Long Valley caldera, California, from the January 1983 Mammoth Lakes earthquake swarm: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 1, p. 211-221, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750010211.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/1/211/118669/Crustal-refraction-profile-of-the-Long-Valley"},{"id":222171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93592834472656,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93592834472656,\n              37.665342132088284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.665342132088284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01763916015625,\n              37.61858263247881\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e6e4b0c8380cd4b487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":364657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012843,"text":"70012843 - 1985 - Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:21:34","indexId":"70012843","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica","docAbstract":"<p>Radioisotope labelling experiments with the estuarine clam, Macoma balthica, are described, in which a filter chamber device was used to separate solute metal uptake from uptake, of metals associated with suspended bacteria. Solute uptake contributed a majority of the 14-day total body burdens of 65Zn and 109Cd, whereas 57Co uptake largely resulted from ingestion of isotope-laden bacteria. In contrast to those for 109Cd and 65Zn, 57Co tissue distributions at 3 weeks differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) between feeding and non-feeding clams (housed within filter chambers).&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00008711","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica: Hydrobiologia, v. 121, no. 2, p. 97-102, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008711.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d41e4b08c986b318304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012922,"text":"70012922 - 1985 - Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T14:42:20.550031","indexId":"70012922","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Ground-water pumpage for irrigation was measured at 32 sites on the eastern Snake River Plain in southern Idaho during 1983. Pumpage at these sites also was estimated by three commonly used methods, and pumpage estimates were compared to measured values to determine the accuracy of each estimate.</p><p>Statistical comparisons of estimated and metered pumpage using an F-test showed that only estimates made using the instantaneous discharge method were not significantly different (α. = 0.01) from metered values.</p><p>Pumpage estimates made using the power consumption method reflect variability in pumping efficiency among sites. Pumpage estimates made using the crop-consumptive use method reflect variability in water-management practices. Pumpage estimates made using the instantaneous discharge method reflect variability in discharges at each site during the irrigation season.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02795.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S.A., 1985, Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 2, p. 220-226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02795.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dae4b0c8380cd4b423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":364846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012830,"text":"70012830 - 1985 - Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T15:02:58.701796","indexId":"70012830","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sulphur compounds volatilized during pyrolysis of acid-leached char were measured to determine characteristics of char desulphurization reactions. Pyrolysis of char in a hydrogen atmosphere (hydropyrolysis) produced a much higher concentration of thiophenic organics compared with that produced during pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. Hydrogen sulphide gas evolution, at progressively increasing pyrolysis temperature in a helium atmosphere, was measured on five char samples: untreated char, hydrochloric acid-leached char, and three model chars: a demineralized char and two demineralized chars incorporated with sulphur via reactions with elemental sulphur. Hydrogen sulphide gas evolution in untreated char and acid-leached char was found to peak in three temperature regions; the maxima are thought to relate to sulphur in different bonding environments. The amounts of hydrogen sulphide volatilized were much higher for acid-leached char than for untreated char. The gas evolved from each of the remaining three samples showed a single peak region corresponding closely to one of the three peak regions observed for the first two chars. The results of this study indicate that elemental sulphur was produced during hydrochloric acid leaching of the untreated char and suggested that the improved rate of desulphurization observed in the char that had been acid-leached before hydropyrolysis was due in part to the conversion of strongly bound mineral sulphur forms to more weakly bound sulphur forms that are predominantly elemental sulphur in character, and are more easily removed by hydrogen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(85)90001-8","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Loffredo, D., 1985, Sulphur in char and char desulphurization by acid leaching and hydropyrolysis: Fuel, v. 64, no. 6, p. 731-734, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90001-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9debe4b08c986b31db9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loffredo, D.M.","contributorId":61951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loffredo","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012829,"text":"70012829 - 1985 - Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:14:04","indexId":"70012829","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples","docAbstract":"<p>A suite of well-characterized humic and fulvic acids of freshwater, soil and plant origin was subjected to pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and the resulting data were analyzed by pattern recognition and factor analysis. A factor analysis plot of the data shows that the humic acids and fulvic acids can be segregated into two distinct classes. Carbohydrate and phenolic components are more pronounced in the pyrolysis products of the fulvic acids, and saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons contribute more to the humic acid pyrolysis products. A second factor analysis plot shows a separation which appears to be based primarily on whether the samples are of aquatic or soil origin.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90066-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"MacCarthy, P., DeLuca, S., Voorhees, K., Malcolm, R., and Thurman, E., 1985, Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2091-2096, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90066-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2091","endPage":"2096","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9061e4b0c8380cd7fce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCarthy, P.","contributorId":88081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLuca, S.J.","contributorId":65604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voorhees, K.J.","contributorId":16161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voorhees","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012828,"text":"70012828 - 1985 - Time scales of circulation and mixing processes of San Francisco Bay waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:41:14","indexId":"70012828","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time scales of circulation and mixing processes of San Francisco Bay waters","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Conceptual models for tidal period and low-frequency variations in sea level, currents, and mixing processes in the northern and southern reaches of San Francisco Bay describe the contrasting characteristics and dissimilar processes and rates in these embayments: The northern reach is a partially mixed estuary whereas the southern reach (South Bay) is a tidally oscillating lagoon with density-driven exchanges with the northern reach.</p><p class=\"Para\">The mixed semidiurnal tides are mixtures of progressive and standing waves. The relatively simple oscillations in South Bay are nearly standing waves, with energy propagating down the channels and dispersing into the broad shoal areas. The tides of the northern reach have the general properties of a progressive wave but are altered at the constriction of the embayments and gradually change in an upstream direction to a mixture of progressive and standing waves. The spring and neap variations of the tides are pronounced and cause fortnightly varying tidal currents that affect mixing and salinity stratification in the water column.</p><p class=\"Para\">Wind stress on the water surface, freshwater inflow, and tidal currents interacting with the complex bay configuration are the major local forcing mechanisms creating low-frequency variations in sea level and currents. These local forcing mechanisms drive the residual flows which, with tidal diffusion, control the water-replacement rates in the estuary. In the northern reach, the longitudinal density gradient drives an estuarine circulation in the channels, and the spatial variation in tidal amplitude creates a tidally-driven residual circulation. In contrast, South Bay exhibits a balance between wind-driven circulation and tidally-driven residual circulation for most of the year. During winter, however, there can be sufficient density variations to drive multilayer (2 to 3) flows in the channel of South Bay.</p><p class=\"Para\">Mixing models (that include both diffusive and dispersive processes) are based on time scales associated with salt variations at the boundaries and those associated with the local forcing mechanisms, while the spatial scales of variations are dependent upon the configuration of the embayments. In the northern reach, where the estuarine circulation is strong, the salt flux is carried by the mean advection of the mean salt field. Where large salinity gradients are present, the tidal correlation part of the salt flux is of the same order as the advective part. Our knowledge of mixing and exchange rates in South Bay is poor. As this embayment is nearly isohaline, the salt flux is dominated entirely by the mean advection of the mean salt field. During and after peaks in river discharge, water mixing becomes more dynamic, with a strong density-driven current creating a net exchange of both water mass and salt. These exchanges are stronger during neap tides.</p><p class=\"Para\">Residence times of the water masses vary seasonally and differ between reaches. In the northern reach, residence times are on the order of days for high winter river discharge and of months for summer periods. The residence times for South Bay are fairly long (on the order of several months) during summer, and typically shorter (less than a month) during winter when density-driven exchanges occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00048685","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., Cheng, R.T., and Conomos, T.J., 1985, Time scales of circulation and mixing processes of San Francisco Bay waters: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 13-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048685.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048685"},{"id":221972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ade4b08c986b325f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012826,"text":"70012826 - 1985 - Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:53:44.5747","indexId":"70012826","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Data from the United States Oil and Gas File (TOTL) developed by the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, are used to characterize the lithology, location (state and basin), geologic age, year of discovery, depth to top of pay, porosity, permeability, water saturation, volume of crude oil and nonassociated gas originally in place, and net-pay thickness of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States. Distributions of these parameters, representing thousands of reservoirs, establish a framework to which individual carbonate reservoirs can be compared, and provide insights into geologic processes affecting reservoir characteristics.</p><p>Limestone reservoirs are more numerous in the United States than dolomite reservoirs (by a ratio of about 3 to 1) because limestones are more abundant than dolomites. However, in the eight states that account for over 90% of United States carbonate reservoirs, there is a statistical tendency for carbonate reservoirs to occur preferentially in dolomites. Dolomite reservoirs, on the average, are larger and deeper than those of limestone, yet they often have lower matrix porosities and permeabilities. This line of investigation offers supplemental evidence that dolomitization tends to improve the reservoir properties of a given formation, and that effective fracture systems at reservoir depths are more likely to occur in dolomites than in limestones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., Krystinik, K.B., and Halley, R., 1985, Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 5, p. 733-741, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf30e4b0c8380cd8742f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krystinik, Katherine B.","contributorId":77989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krystinik","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012825,"text":"70012825 - 1985 - Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:01:35","indexId":"70012825","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","docAbstract":"In an interlaboratory test, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of 17 major and trace elements in 100 filtered natural water samples. No unacceptable biases were detected. The analysis precision of ICP-AES was found to be equal to or better than alternative methods. Known-addition recovery experiments demonstrated that the ICP-AES determinations are accurate to between plus or minus 2 and plus or minus 10 percent; four-fifths of the tests yielded average recoveries of 95-105 percent, with an average relative standard deviation of about 5 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1366/0003702854248458","issn":"00037028","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., Jones, B.E., and Stein, G., 1985, Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 39, no. 3, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248458.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9729e4b08c986b31b902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B. E.","contributorId":70787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, G.P.","contributorId":30363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012824,"text":"70012824 - 1985 - A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:22:27.925604","indexId":"70012824","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A procedure for estimating <i>Bacillus cereus</i> spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","title":"A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","docAbstract":"<div id=\"SP0005\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The presence of bacterial spores of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Bacillus cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>group in soils and stream sediments appears to be a sensitive indicator of several types of concealed mineral deposits, including vein-type gold deposits. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>assay is rapid, inexpensive, and inherently reproducible. The test, currently under investigation for its potential in mineral exploration, is recommended for use on a research basis.</div><div id=\"SP0010\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Among the aerobic spore-forming bacilli, only<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and closely related strains produce an opaque zone in egg-yolk emulsion agar. This characteristic, also known as the Nagler of lecitho-vitellin reaction, has long been used to rapidly indentify and estimate presumptive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i>. The test is here adapted to permit rapid estimation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. cereus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spores in soil and stream-sediment samples. Relative standard deviation was 10.3% on counts obtained from two 40-replicate pour-plate determinations. As many as 40 samples per day can be processed. Enough procedural detail is included to permit investigation of the test in conventional geochemical laboratories using standard microbiological safety precautions.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(85)90028-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Watterson, J., 1985, A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 23, no. 3, p. 243-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90028-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50be4b0c8380cd46abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watterson, J.R.","contributorId":102890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}