Complex sample matrices of estuarine biota tissue and bed sediment extracts were analyzed for selected chlorinated compounds. By using gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, the coeluting interferences present in gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry were eliminated in the biota tissue and bed sediment extracts. The selected chlorinated compounds included chlorobenzene; 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene; 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene; 1,2,3,4‐, 1,2,3,5‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene; pentachlorobenzene; hexachlorobenzene; hexachloro‐1,3‐butadiene; octachlorostyrene; and octachloronaphthalene. Daughter ion spectra for these compounds are included. The detection limit for most of the compounds was 20 pg, and the instrument response was linear over five orders of magnitude, by using 13C‐labelled hexachlorobenzene as the internal standard.
The M 6.2 Elmore Desert Ranch earthquake of 24 November 1987 was associated spatially and probably temporally with left-lateral surface rupture on many northeast-trending faults in and near the Superstition Hills in western Imperial Valley. Three curving discontinuous principal zones of rupture among these breaks extended northeastward from near the Superstition Hills fault zone as far as 9 km; the maximum observed surface slip, 12.5 cm, was on the northern of the three, the Elmore Ranch fault, at a point near the epicenter. Twelve hours after the Elmore Ranch earthquake, the M 6.6 Superstition Hills earthquake occurred near the northwest end of the right-lateral Superstition Hills fault zone. Surface rupture associated with the second event occurred along three strands of the zone, here named North and South strands of the Superstition Hills fault and the Wienert fault, for 27 km southeastward from the epicenter. In contrast to the left-lateral faulting, which remained unchanged throughout the period of investigation, the right-lateral movement on the Superstition hills fault zone continued to increase with time, a behavior that was similar to other recent historical surface ruptures on northwest-trending faults in the Imperial Valley region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790020252","usgsCitation":"Sharp, R.V., 1989, Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 2, p. 252-281, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790020252.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Superstition Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.38495296678282,\n 33.6537574236756\n ],\n [\n -116.38495296678282,\n 32.7043768352229\n ],\n [\n -114.8853191777201,\n 32.7043768352229\n ],\n [\n -114.8853191777201,\n 33.6537574236756\n ],\n [\n -116.38495296678282,\n 33.6537574236756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9faae4b08c986b31e772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, R. V.","contributorId":33692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015931,"text":"70015931 - 1989 - Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015931","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis","docAbstract":"A challenge encountered with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, which includes data from size reflective spectral bands, is displaying as much information as possible in a three-image set for color compositing or digital analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the six TM bands simultaneously is often used to address this problem. However, two problems that can be encountered using the PCA method are that information of interest might be mathematically mapped to one of the unused components and that a color composite can be difficult to interpret. \"Selective' PCA can be used to minimize both of these problems. The spectral contrast among several spectral regions was mapped for a northern Arizona site using Landsat TM data. Field investigations determined that most of the spectral contrast seen in this area was due to one of the following: the amount of iron and hematite in the soils and rocks, vegetation differences, standing and running water, or the presence of gypsum, which has a higher moisture retention capability than do the surrounding soils and rocks. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P., and Kwarteng, A.Y., 1989, Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 3, p. 339-348.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ae4b0c8380cd533e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwarteng, Andy Y.","contributorId":7423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwarteng","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015585,"text":"70015585 - 1989 - Effect of chlorine in clay-mineral specimens prepared on silver metal-membrane mounts for X-ray powder diffraction analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:12:21","indexId":"70015585","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of chlorine in clay-mineral specimens prepared on silver metal-membrane mounts for X-ray powder diffraction analysis","docAbstract":"Silver metal-membrane filters are commonly used as substrates in the preparation of oriented clay-mineral specimens for X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). They are relatively unaffected by organic solvent treatments and specimens can be prepared rapidly. The filter mounts are adaptable to automatic sample changers, have few discrete reflections at higher 20 angles, and, because of the high atomic number of silver, produce a relatively low overall background compared with other membrane filters, such as cellulose (Poppe and Hathaway, 1979). The silver metal-membrane filters, however, present some problems after heat treatment if either the filters or the samples contain significant amounts of chlorine. At elevated temperature, the chloride ions react with the silver substrate to form crystalline compounds. These compounds change the mass-absorption coefficient of the sample, reducing peak intensities and areas and, therefore, complicating the semiquantitative estimation of clay minerals. A simple procedure that eliminates most of the chloride from a sample and the silver metal-membrane substrate is presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370413","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Commeau, J., and Pense, G., 1989, Effect of chlorine in clay-mineral specimens prepared on silver metal-membrane mounts for X-ray powder diffraction analysis: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 37, no. 4, p. 381-384, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370413.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"384","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c9e4b0c8380cd50f68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pense, G.M.","contributorId":61571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pense","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014953,"text":"70014953 - 1989 - High-resolution two dimensional advective transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70014953","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution two dimensional advective transport","docAbstract":"The paper describes a two-dimensional high-resolution scheme for advective transport that is based on a Eulerian-Lagrangian method with a flux limiter. The scheme is applied to the problem of pure-advection of a rotated Gaussian hill and shown to preserve the monotonicity property of the governing conservation law.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Larock, B., 1989, High-resolution two dimensional advective transport, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 1005-1010.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313ce4b0c8380cd5dd4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larock, B.E.","contributorId":82854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larock","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016115,"text":"70016115 - 1989 - Contribution of metapelitic sediments to the composition, heat production, and seismic velocity of the lower crust of southern New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:30:07.791601","indexId":"70016115","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of metapelitic sediments to the composition, heat production, and seismic velocity of the lower crust of southern New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Granulite xenoliths erupted at Kilbourne Hole maar were recently extracted from the lower crust of southern New Mexico. Garnet- and sillimanite-bearing quartzofeldspathic xenoliths had pelitic protoliths and were probably emplaced in the lower crust by tectonic underplating at a lower Proterozoic subduction zone. Thus the Kilbourne Hole metapelitic xenoliths illustrate the potential role of tectonosedimentary processes at convergent margins in determining the ultimate composition of the crust. Average P-wave velocities for metapelitic xenoliths from Kilbourne Hole are ∼ 7 km/s at 6 kbar, like those of mafic metagabbros and anorthosites. However, in contrast to mafic lithologies, the major element composition of the representative pelitic paragneiss (RPP) described in this paper is relatively siliceous and like that of average upper crust. Except for depletions of U and Cs, the trace element characteristics of the RPP are like those of pelitic sediments and are 3–10 times higher than those typically estimated for the lower crust. The heat production of the RPP is high (1.0 μW/m3) as are those of many granulite- and amphibolite-grade metapelites. In general, portions of the lower crust in which sediments are present may be high in light ion lithophile and rare earth element abundances, heat production, δ18O, and87Sr/86Sr. Moreover, the high Pb contents and unradiogenic Pb isotope signatures of metapelites provide an important reservoir for unradiogenic Pb in the earth as a whole.
Geohistory analysis of Neogene Humboldt basin strata provides important constraints for hypotheses of the tectonic evolution of the southern Cascadia subduction margin, leading up to the arrival of the Mendocino triple junction. This analysis suggests that the tectonic evolution of the Humboldt basin area was dominated by coupling between the downgoing Juan de Fuca plate and the continental margin. This coupling is reflected in the timing of major hiatuses within the basin sedimentary sequence and margin uplift and subsidence which occur during periods of tectonic plate adjustment. Stratigraphic evidence indicates that Humboldt basin originated at the base of the continental slope in early Miocene time. Syndepositional uplift of basin strata began in the late Pliocene and was both thermal isostatic and tectonic in origin. Isostatic uplift was a function of an increasingly more buoyant slab being subducted, whereas tectonic uplift was due to imbricated thrusting of the accretionary complex and underplating of offscraped sediment during subduction. A component of margin uplift is postulated to have been caused by a change in the rate of convergence between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. Coeval with late Pliocene uplift documented onshore was a sharp decrease in covergence rate ∼3 Ma. A reduction in rate of tectonic uplift, observed in the Eel River section, in early Pleistocene time was coeval with a marked increase in relative motion parallel to the continental margin. This localized subsidence may have been caused by syndepositional folding.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB03p03126","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P., 1989, Late Neogene geohistory analysis of the Humboldt basin and its relationship to convergence of the Juan de Fuca plate: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B3, p. 3126-3138, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB03p03126.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3126","endPage":"3138","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f9e4b0c8380cd66f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, P.A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015894,"text":"70015894 - 1989 - Thermal stresses due to cooling of a viscoelastic oceanic lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T16:53:22.799118","indexId":"70015894","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal stresses due to cooling of a viscoelastic oceanic lithosphere","docAbstract":"Theories based upon thermal contraction of cooling oceanic lithosphere provide a successful basis for correlating seafloor bathymetry and heat flow. The horizontal components of the contraction of the lithosphere as it cools potentially give rise to large thermal stresses. Current methods to calculate these stresses assume that on the time scales of cooling, the lithosphere initially behaves as an inviscid fluid and instantly freezes into an elastic solid at some critical temperature. These instant-freezing methods inaccurately predict transient thermal stresses in rapidly cooling silicate glass plates because of the temperature dependent rheology of the material. The temperature dependent rheology of the lithosphere may affect the transient thermal stress distribution in a similar way, and for this reason we use a thermoviscoelastic model to estimate thermal stresses in young oceanic lithosphere. This theory is formulated here for linear creep processes that have an Arrhenius rate dependence on temperature. Our results show that the stress differences between instant freezing and linear thermoviscoelastic theory are most pronounced at early times (0–20 m.y.) when the instant freezing stresses may be twice as large. The solutions for the two methods asymptotically approach the same solution with time. A comparison with intraplate seismicity shows that both methods underestimate the depth of compressional stresses inferred from the seismicity in a systematic way.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB01p00744","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R., and Savage, W.Z., 1989, Thermal stresses due to cooling of a viscoelastic oceanic lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B1, p. 744-752, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB01p00744.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"752","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb25de4b08c986b32576a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015474,"text":"70015474 - 1989 - Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015474","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona","docAbstract":"Alkalic and tholeiitic basalts were erupted in the central Arizona Transition Zone during Miocene-Pliocene time before and after regional faulting. The alkalic lava types differ from the subalkaline lavas in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and trace element ratios and, despite close temporal and spatial relationships, the two types appear to be from discrete mantle sources. Pre-faulting lava types include: potassic trachybasalts (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7052 to 0.7055, e{open}Nd= -9.2 to -10.7); alkali olivine basalts (87Sr/ 86Sr = 0.7049 to 0.7054, e{open}Nd= -2 to 0.2); basanite and hawaiites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7049 to 0.7053, e{open}Nd= -3.5 to -7.8); and quartz tholeiites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7047, e{open}Nd= -1.4 to -2.6). Post-faulting lavas have lower 87Sr/86Sr (<0.7045) and e{open}Nd from -3.2 to 2.3. Pb isotopic data for both preand post-faulting lavas form coherent clusters by magma type with values higher than those associated with MORB but within the range of values found for crustal rocks and sulfide ores in Arizona and New Mexico. Pb isotopic systematics appear to be dominated by crustal contamination. Effects of assimilation and fractional crystallization are inadequate to produce the Sr isotopic variations unless very large amounts of assimilation occurred relative to fractionation. It is impossible to produce the Nd isotopic variations unless ancient very unradiogenic material exists beneath the region. Moreover the assumption that the alkalic lavas are cogenetic requires high degrees of fractionation inconsistent with major- and trace-element data. Metasomatism of the subcontinental lithosphere above a subduction zone by a slab-derived fluid enriched in Sr, Ba, P and K could have produced the isotopic and elemental patterns. The degree of metasomatism apparently decreased upward, with the alkalic lavas sampling more modified regions of the mantle than the tholeiitic lavas. Such metasomatism may have been a regional event associated with crustal formation at about 1.6 Ga. Disruption and weakening of the subcontinental lithosphere in the Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau by volcanism probably made deformation possible. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00387201","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Wittke, J., Smith, D., and Wooden, J.L., 1989, Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 101, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387201.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387201"},{"id":223771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70c3e4b0c8380cd7621e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittke, J.H.","contributorId":107857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.","contributorId":60978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015513,"text":"70015513 - 1989 - Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:27:08","indexId":"70015513","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing","docAbstract":"A filter toolbox has been developed at the EROS Data Center, US Geological Survey, for retrieving or removing specified frequency information from two-dimensional digital spatial data. This filter toolbox provides capabilities to compute the power spectrum of a given data and to design various filters in the frequency domain. Three types of filters are available in the toolbox: point filter, line filter, and area filter. Both the point and line filters employ Gaussian-type notch filters, and the area filter includes the capabilities to perform high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, and wedge filtering techniques. These filters are applied for analyzing satellite multispectral scanner data, airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, gravity data, and the digital elevation models (DEM) data. -from Author","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., 1989, Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1203-1207.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1207","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9534e4b08c986b31adcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015853,"text":"70015853 - 1989 - Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff: implications for middle Tertiary extension in east central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:19:43.686005","indexId":"70015853","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff: implications for middle Tertiary extension in east central Nevada","docAbstract":"The Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff (≃35 Ma) was sampled for paleomagnetic analysis across a 100-km-wide zone of highly extended crust in east central Nevada to estimate between-site vertical axis rotations and thus the relative importance of strike-slip faulting to the mechanism of extension. Subordinate sampling was also undertaken in a younger hornblende dacite intrusion (≃35 Ma) and the overlying tuff of North Creek (≃35 Ma). In general, ash flow tuffs cool and are magnetized within a short period of time relative to geomagnetic secular variation and their eutaxitic structures typically indicate the paleohorizontal. These attributes of ash flow tuffs, in addition to their generally widespread occurrence, make them excellent candidates for combined paleomagnetic and structural studies of regional deformation. However, in this study a number of problems associated with the paleomagnetism of the Kalamazoo Tuff are documented; they include topography-related variations of the eutaxitic structures, secular variation during slow cooling, postblocking rheomorphic flow, and local remagnetization of the tuff by younger igneous activity. The tilt-corrected data, with these sources of error reduced or eliminated, exhibit a 28° ± 12° clockwise rotation of the Schell Creek Range relative to the Kern Mountains region. This rotation implies differential extension accommodated by strike-slip faulting or N-S shortening. The paleomagnetic results also suggest that large changes in strike of layered units near faults with presumed strike-slip movement need not be the result of oroclinal bending, but could result from superimposed sets of orthogonal normal faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB02p01827","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., and Gans, P.B., 1989, Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff: implications for middle Tertiary extension in east central Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B2, p. 1827-1842, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB02p01827.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1827","endPage":"1842","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a742be4b0c8380cd774a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gans, P. B.","contributorId":79913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016044,"text":"70016044 - 1989 - NEIC - the National Earthquake Information Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T21:43:10","indexId":"70016044","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEIC - the National Earthquake Information Center","docAbstract":"The National Earthquake Information Center of the US Geological Survey has three main missions. First, the NEIC determines as rapidly and as accurately as possible, the location and size of all destructive earthquakes that occur worldwide. Second, the NEIC collects and provides to scientists and to the public an extensive seismic database that serves as a solid foundation for scientific research. Third, the NEIC pursues an active research program to improve its ability to locate earthquakes and to understand the earthquake mechanism. These efforts are all aimed at mitigating the risks of earthquakes to mankind. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Masse, R., and Needham, R., 1989, NEIC - the National Earthquake Information Center: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 21, no. 1, p. 4-44.","startPage":"4","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a613ee4b0c8380cd71885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masse, R.P.","contributorId":87182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, R.E.","contributorId":73613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015506,"text":"70015506 - 1989 - State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:44:52.296119","indexId":"70015506","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"Constraints on the current stress regime of the actively extending northern Basin and Range province are provided by deformation data (focal mechanisms and fault slip studies), hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements, borehole elongation (“breakouts”) analyses, and alignment of young volcanic vents. The integrated data indicate significant variations both in principal stress orientations and magnitudes. An approximately E-W least principal stress direction appears to characterize both the eastern and western margins of the Basin and Range province, whereas in the active interior parts of the province extension occurs in response to a least principal stress oriented NW to N60°W. The contrast in stress orientations between the province boundaries and in the interior suggests that along the margins the least principal stress direction may be locally controlled by the generally northerly trending profound lithospheric discontinuities associated with these margins. Active deformation along the southeastern and western province margins is characterized by a combination of strike-slip and normal faulting. Focal mechanisms along northeastern province margin (Wasatch front) and in central Nevada indicate a combination of normal and oblique-normal faulting. Temporal, regional, and depth-dependent variations in the relative magnitudes of the vertical and maximum horizontal stresses can explain much of the observed variations in deformation styles. However, some depth variation in faulting style inferred from focal mechanisms may be apparent and simply a function of the attitude of fault planes being reactivated. Evidence for significant temporal variation (or multiple cycles of variation) in relative stress magnitude comes from the Sierran front-Basin and Range boundary region where recent earthquakes are predominantly strike slip, whereas the profound relative vertical relief across the Sierra frontal fault zone in the last 9–10 m.y. implies a normal faulting stress regime. Using the best data on stress orientation, relative stress magnitudes are constrained from slip vectors of major earthquakes and young fault displacements. Analysis of well-constrained slip vectors in the Owens Valley, California, area indicate that large temporal variations in the magnitude of the approximately N-S oriented maximum horizontal stress are required to explain dominantly dip-slip and strike-slip offsets on subparallel faults. Similar faulting relations are observed throughout much of the boundary zone between the Basin and Range-Sierra Nevada (including the Walker Lane belt). Along the eastern province margin in the Wasatch front area in Utah, available data suggest that the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses may be approximately equal at depths of <4–5 km. Earthquake focal mechanisms in this area suggest more variability in relative magnitude of the two horizontal stresses with depth. Furthermore, superimposed sets of young fault striae along a segment of the Wasatch fault also indicate temporal variations of relative stress magnitudes. Sources of regional and temporal variations in the stress field may be linked to variable shear tractions applied to the base of the brittle crust related to intrusion, thermally induced flow, and the influence of the San Andreas plate boundary. Although difficult to date accurately, the fault slip data suggest that the temporal variations in relative magnitudes stress may occur on the time scale of both a single major earthquake cycle (1000–5000 years) and multiple earthquake cycles (10,000+ years).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07105","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., 1989, State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7105-7128, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07105.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7105","endPage":"7128","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96cfe4b08c986b31b710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015197,"text":"70015197 - 1989 - Water solubility enhancements of DDT and trichlorobenzene by some surfactants below and above the critical micelle concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:12:36","indexId":"70015197","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1414,"text":"ES and T Contents","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water solubility enhancements of DDT and trichlorobenzene by some surfactants below and above the critical micelle concentration","docAbstract":"Water solubility enhancements of 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCB) by aqueous surfactants below and above their critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) have been studied at room temperature with the following surfactants: Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Triton X-405, Brij 35, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. While the solubilities of DDT and TCB are greatly enhanced by all surfactants above the measured CMC, DDT also exhibits significant solubility enhancements below the CMC of the molecularly nonhomogeneous surfactants (the Triton series and Brij 35). The plot of the apparent DDT solubility against the concentration of Triton and Brij surfactants shows an uprising curve below the nominal CMC, which is attributed to the successive micellization of the heterogeneous monomer species. Above the CMC, the enhancement effect with the nonionic surfactants is closely proportional to the nonpolar chain content of the surfactant, whereas the effect with the ionic surfactants is less accountable in terms of their nonpolar chain contents. The solubilization power of a micelle relative to a bulk solvent is evaluated by a comparison of the observed micelle-water and solvent-water partition coefficients.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00065a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., and Chiou, C.T., 1989, Water solubility enhancements of DDT and trichlorobenzene by some surfactants below and above the critical micelle concentration: ES and T Contents, v. 23, no. 7, p. 832-838, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00065a012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"832","endPage":"838","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc73e4b08c986b32db5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015097,"text":"70015097 - 1989 - Geochemistry of thermal water from selected wells, Boise, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015097","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry of thermal water from selected wells, Boise, Idaho","docAbstract":"Samples of thermal water from selected wells in the Boise area were analyzed for chemical composition; stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and dissolved carbon; radioactive carbon; and dissolved-gas concentrations. Chemically, the waters are virtually identical to those of the adjacent Idaho batholith. Isotopically, the thermal waters are more depleted in deuterium and oxygen-18 than coldwater springs in the presumed recharge area. Chemical and isotopic data indicate the presence of two separate geothermal systems. Radioactive carbon and dissolved helium concentrations are interpreted to indicate recharge during the Pleistocene. Hot water in or southeast of Boise probably recharged 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, and warm water 2.5 miles northwest of Boise probably recharged at least 15,000 years ago.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geysers - Three Decades of Achievement: A Window on the Future","conferenceDate":"1 October 1989 through 4 October 1989","conferenceLocation":"Santa Rosa, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Young, H., Parliman, D., and Evans, W.C., 1989, Geochemistry of thermal water from selected wells, Boise, Idaho, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 13, Santa Rosa, CA, USA, 1 October 1989 through 4 October 1989, p. 173-178.","startPage":"173","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1724e4b0c8380cd553c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015099,"text":"70015099 - 1989 - A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:33:15.685231","indexId":"70015099","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","docAbstract":"A reliable method for collection, display, and analysis of low-frequency geophysical data from isolated sites, which can be throughout North and South America and the Pacific Rim, has been developed for use with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system. Geophysical data primarily intended for earthquake hazard and crustal deformation monitoring are digitized with either 12-bit or 16-bit resolution and transmitted every 10 min through a satellite link to a bank of UNIX-based computers in Menlo Park, California. There the data are available for analysis and display within a few seconds of their transmit time. This system provides real-time monitoring of crustal deformation parameters such as tilt, strain, fault displacement, local magnetic field, crustal geochemistry, and water levels, as well as meteorological and other parameters, along faults in California and Alaska, and in volcanic regions in the western United States, Rabaul, and other locations in the New Britain region of the South Pacific. Various mathematical, statistical, and graphical algorithms process the incoming data to detect changes in crustal deformation and fault slip that may indicate the first stages of catastrophic fault failure. Alert trigger levels based on physical models, signal resolution, and previous history have been defined for particular instrument types. Computer-driven remote paging and mail systems are used to notify appropriate personnel when alarm status is reached. The system supports continuous historical records of low-frequency geophysical data, software for extensive analysis of these data, and programs for modeling fault rupture with and without seismic radiation, as well as providing an environment for real-time attempts at earthquake prediction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790010189","usgsCitation":"Silverman, S., Mortensen, C., and Johnston, M., 1989, A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 1, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790010189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e579e4b0c8380cd46d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mortensen, C.","contributorId":67938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.","contributorId":88091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015101,"text":"70015101 - 1989 - A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:30:44.536153","indexId":"70015101","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","docAbstract":"Using the region of the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea, we systematically compare the results of two independent finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics. The model intercomparison provides a means for increasing our understanding of the relevant physical processes in the region in question as well as a means for the evaluation of certain algorithmic procedures of the two models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Werner, F., 1989, A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set: Advances in Water Resources, v. 12, no. 4, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"English Channel, North Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -4.238806932442344,\n 50.3556778594193\n ],\n [\n -3.9245012541310302,\n 48.66277868215653\n ],\n [\n -2.5055163001223946,\n 48.574893516299596\n ],\n [\n -1.4847440767553621,\n 48.6715886582364\n ],\n [\n -1.8533138209136837,\n 49.60324666326741\n ],\n [\n -1.4026293805001444,\n 49.72763916601804\n ],\n [\n -1.0403923729954272,\n 49.361900650268126\n ],\n [\n 0.0760210104153316,\n 49.44574669262283\n ],\n [\n 1.635796455450702,\n 50.222298286305914\n ],\n [\n 1.6665015413279889,\n 50.81452541862126\n ],\n [\n 3.5093411208896157,\n 51.37983407219363\n ],\n [\n 4.804229577841227,\n 53.015076989967184\n ],\n [\n 1.6199525098326717,\n 52.97597192513564\n ],\n [\n 1.684066477339286,\n 52.08219845138507\n ],\n [\n 0.7492061298781039,\n 51.370324917871756\n ],\n [\n 1.353208831024574,\n 51.37760627718626\n ],\n [\n 1.196391279270017,\n 50.86401998692878\n ],\n [\n -1.0133227594474192,\n 50.68434713349774\n ],\n [\n -1.8189956791787267,\n 50.60383129051692\n ],\n [\n -2.584590994819706,\n 50.546533664650156\n ],\n [\n -3.067986178446631,\n 50.633245929843326\n ],\n [\n -3.7034293402499543,\n 50.22220283072102\n ],\n [\n -4.238806932442344,\n 50.3556778594193\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ae4b0c8380cd4605b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Francisco","contributorId":236916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7223,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":370074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015212,"text":"70015212 - 1989 - Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T16:47:28.827703","indexId":"70015212","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments","docAbstract":"In various sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the terminal electron-accepting process, [14C]glucose was fermented to 14C-fatty acids in a manner similar to that observed in methanogenic sediments. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in Fe(III)-reducing sediments, fermentable substrates are oxidized to carbon dioxide by the combined activity of fermentative bacteria and fatty acid-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1989, Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3234-3236, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"3234","endPage":"3236","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n 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]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa908e4b0c8380cd85ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015187,"text":"70015187 - 1989 - Arsenic in ground-water under oxidizing conditions, south-west United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-28T12:17:19.81378","indexId":"70015187","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in ground-water under oxidizing conditions, south-west United States","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved arsenic in ground-water in alluvial basins of Arizona commonly exceed 50 μg L−1 and reach values as large as 1,300 μg L−1. Arsenic speciation analyses show that arsenic occurs in the fully oxidized state of plus 5 (As+5), most likely in the form of HAsO4∼2, under existing oxidizing and pH conditions. Arsenic in source areas presumably is oxidized to soluble As before transport into the basin or, if after transport, before burial. Probable sources of arsenic are the sulphide and arsenide deposits in the mineralized areas of the mountains surrounding the basins. Arsenic content of alluvial material ranged from 2 to 88 ppm. Occurrence and removal of arsenic in ground-water are related to the pH and the redox condition of the ground-water, the oxidation state of arsenic, and sorption or exchange. Within basins, dissolved arsenic correlates (P<0.01) with dissolved molybdenum, selenium, vanadium, and fluoride and with pH, suggesting sorption of negative ions. The sorption hypothesis is further supported by enrichment of teachable arsenic in the basin-fill sediments by about tenfold relative to the crustal abundance and by as much as a thousandfold relative to concentrations found in ground-water. Silicate hydrolysis reactions, as defined within the alluvial basins, under closed conditions cause increases in pH basinward and would promote desorption. Within the region, large concentrations of arsenic are commonly associated with the central parts of basins whose chemistries evolve under closed conditions. Arsenic does not correlate with dissolved iron (r = 0.09) but may be partly controlled by iron in the solid phase. High solid-phase arsenic contents were found in red clay beds. Large concentrations of arsenic also were found in water associated with red clay beds. Basins that contain the larger concentrations are bounded primarily by basalt and andesite, suggesting that the iron content as well as the arsenic content of the basin fill may play a role in the occurrence of arsenic in ground-water. Under oxidizing conditions in Arizona, arsenic in ground-water appears to be controlled in part by sorption or desorption of HAsO4∼2 on active ferric oxyhydroxide surfaces.
The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip amplitude are compared with nonlinear parametrizations for both slip amplitude and rupture time. Inversions using both synthetic and empirical Green's functions are considered. In general, accurate Green's functions are more readily calculable for the teleseismic problem where simple ray theory and flat-layered velocity structures are usually sufficient. However, uncertainties in the variation in t* with frequency most limit the resolution of teleseismic inversions. A set of empirical Green's functions that are well recorded at teleseismic distances could avoid the uncertainties in attenuation. In the inversion of strong motion data, the accurate calculation of propagation path effects other than attenuation effects is the limiting factor in the resolution of source parameters. The assumption of a laterally homogeneous velocity structure is usually not a good one, and the use of empirical Green's functions is desirable. Considering the parametrization of the problem, any degree of fault rupture complexity can be described in terms of a linear parametrization for slip amplitudes. However, a nonlinear parametrization for rupture times and slip amplitudes can have a distinct advantage over a simple linear one by limiting the number of unknown parameters. Regardless of the choice of data or the type of parametrization, the model or solution will be affected by the choice of minimization norm and the type of stabilization used.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07515","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., 1989, Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7515-7534, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07515.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7515","endPage":"7534","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88be4b0c8380cd4d193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016052,"text":"70016052 - 1989 - On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T00:37:33.280479","indexId":"70016052","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation","docAbstract":"We point out basic parallels between theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation. We consider approximations to scattering effects presented by O'Doherty and Anstey (1971), Sato (1982), and Wu (1982). We use the linear theory of anelasticity. We note that the frequency dependence of Q can be related to a distribution of scales of physical properties of the medium. The frequency dependence of anelastic Q is related to the distribution of relaxation times in exactly the same manner as the frequency dependence of scattering Q is related to the distribution of scatterer sizes. Thus, the well-known difficulty of separating scattering from intrinsic attenuation is seen from this point of view as a consequence of the fact that certain observables can be interpreted by identical equations resulting from either of two credible physical theories describing fundamentally different processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790041287","usgsCitation":"Wennerberg, L., and Frankel, A.D., 1989, On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 4, p. 1287-1293, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790041287.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1287","endPage":"1293","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/79/4/1287/102447/On-the-similarity-of-theories-of-anelastic-and"},{"id":223193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dfae4b0c8380cd7541f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wennerberg, Leif","contributorId":96008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016020,"text":"70016020 - 1989 - Coprecipitation and redox reactions of manganese oxides with copper and nickel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:43:07","indexId":"70016020","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coprecipitation and redox reactions of manganese oxides with copper and nickel","docAbstract":"Open-system, continuous-titration experiments have been done in which a slow flux of ∼0.02 molar solution of Mn2+ chloride, nitrate, or perchlorate with Cu2+ or Ni2+ in lesser concentrations was introduced into an aerated reactor solution held at constant temperature and at constant pH by a pH-stat titrator that added dilute NaOH. The resulting mixtures of metal oxyhydroxides and their native solutions were aged for periods as long as 2 1/2 years. Fresh and aged precipitates were characterized by chemical analysis, oxidation state determinations, X-ray and electron diffraction, and electron microscopy. The precipitates can be described as mixtures of oxide and oxyhydroxide species, using concepts of equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical thermodynamics. The metal-ion content of the aged precipitates in systems that contained copper is distributed among three principal components. One of these is a mixed oxide Cu2Mn3O8 in which all Mn is in the 4+ oxidation state. A major component in all precipitates is feitknechtite, βMnOOH. These forms are supplemented by CuO or by birnessite or ramsdellite forms of MnO2 where stoichiometry and thermodynamic calculations predict them. In systems that contained nickel and manganese, identifiable components included βMnOOH, Ni(OH)2, and the same two forms of MnO2. The oxidation number of the precipitated manganese increased during aging, and the pH of the supernatant solution decreased. The maximum Mn oxidation number observed was 3.55 in an Mn + Cu precipitate aged for 18 months. Concentrations of Cu2+ and Ni2+ generally decreased to values substantially below those predicted by oxide or hydroxide equilibrium. Scavenging effects of this type are common in natural aqueous systems.