{"pageNumber":"4571","pageRowStart":"114250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70015400,"text":"70015400 - 1989 - Early concepts of the role of microorganisms in hydrogeology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:55:21","indexId":"70015400","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early concepts of the role of microorganisms in hydrogeology","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologists and geochemists have made great progress in the past few decades in understanding the water/rock interaction that are major controls on the chemical character of ground water. We also recognize that, for many reactions, we do not understand the specific mechanisms generating these reactions, such as those involved in the generation of gases, dissolution of some minerals, and some aspects of isotopic fractionation. Additional understanding will be gained only by study of the interaction of organic material, minerals, and microorganisms in the water and in the pore space of the aquifer material.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00474.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1989, Early concepts of the role of microorganisms in hydrogeology: Ground Water, v. 27, no. 5, p. 618-622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00474.x.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"618","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0482e4b0c8380cd50a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003828,"text":"1003828 - 1989 - Presumed drowning of Aleutian Canada geese on the Pacific coast of California and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:37:35","indexId":"1003828","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presumed drowning of Aleutian Canada geese on the Pacific coast of California and Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carcasses of 42 and 17 Aleutian Canada geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis leucopareia</i><span>), a federally listed endangered species, were found on ocean beaches near Crescent City, California, and near Pacific City, Oregon, respectively, following severe storms. Necropsies and other information suggest that the birds were flushed during the storms and somehow entered the water where they were washed into the surf and drowned.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.276","usgsCitation":"Springer, P.F., Lowe, R.W., Stroud, R.K., and Gullett, P.A., 1989, Presumed drowning of Aleutian Canada geese on the Pacific coast of California and Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 25, no. 2, p. 276-279, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.276.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.24919128417967,\n              41.777456667491066\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.22859191894531,\n              41.801006999656636\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.21520233154297,\n              41.8242928385401\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.20490264892578,\n              41.84859319874276\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.19700622558594,\n              41.86981648734634\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.19528961181639,\n              41.88004206297359\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.19769287109375,\n              41.89052158009614\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.2055892944336,\n              41.89231059415796\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.21142578125,\n              41.89205502378826\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.21520233154297,\n              41.882342592026276\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.21863555908203,\n              41.869049503223515\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.22103881835938,\n              41.859077872227914\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.22687530517577,\n              41.850127648557326\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23236846923828,\n              41.83580468561977\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23854827880858,\n              41.820455096140314\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.2447280883789,\n              41.808940488869375\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25262451171875,\n              41.79640000673747\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25949096679688,\n              41.789232915019845\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26326751708984,\n              41.77924884467945\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25846099853514,\n              41.7746402878631\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.24919128417967,\n              41.777456667491066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.96989822387695,\n              45.15928492042905\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96577835083006,\n              45.1597690983916\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96629333496092,\n              45.16594200676181\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96595001220703,\n              45.17417151082972\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96474838256836,\n              45.1830048020745\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9638900756836,\n              45.19292549504878\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96474838256836,\n              45.19909481002572\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96286010742188,\n              45.20611008088224\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96251678466798,\n              45.20913363773731\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96354675292969,\n              45.2110686297804\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96732330322266,\n              45.21264076234328\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97024154663085,\n              45.21638951846551\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9726448059082,\n              45.21771966285004\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97556304931639,\n              45.21844518303624\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98191452026367,\n              45.21735689928546\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9810562133789,\n              45.21602674641514\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97727966308594,\n              45.21542212118822\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97504806518556,\n              45.21566397205042\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97436141967775,\n              45.21433377957955\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97350311279295,\n              45.21143143345981\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97350311279295,\n              45.20816611702967\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9729881286621,\n              45.20538440332238\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97315979003906,\n              45.200546316347975\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97212982177734,\n              45.19183672297593\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9729881286621,\n              45.17937484824569\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97350311279295,\n              45.17223526390535\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97470474243164,\n              45.16097952529748\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97350311279295,\n              45.159890142239355\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96989822387695,\n              45.15928492042905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a14b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Paul F.","contributorId":70445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroud, Richard K.","contributorId":102837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gullett, Patricia A.","contributorId":65428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullett","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015504,"text":"70015504 - 1989 - Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015504","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites","docAbstract":"Boron isotope ratios (11B/10B) have been measured on 60 tourmaline separates from over 40 massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites from a variety of geologic and tectonic settings. The coverage of these localities is global (5 continents) and includes the giant ore bodies at Kidd Creek and Sullivan (Canada), Broken Hill (Australia), and Ducktown (USA). Overall, the tourmalines display a wide range in ??11B values from -22.8 to +18.3??? Possible controls over the boron isotopic composition of the tourmalines include: 1) composition of the boron source, 2) regional metamorphism, 3) water/rock ratios, 4) seawater entrainment, 5) temperature of formation, and 6) secular variations in seawater ??11B. The most significant control appears to be the composition of the boron source, particularly the nature of footwall lithologies; variations in water/ rock ratios and seawater entrainment are of secondary importance. The boron isotope values seem especially sensitive to the presence of evaporites (marine and non-marine) and carbonates in source rocks to the massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01041751","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Palmer, M.R., and Slack, J.F., 1989, Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 103, no. 4, p. 434-451, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01041751.","startPage":"434","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041751"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f221e4b0c8380cd4b011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, M. R.","contributorId":81256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015063,"text":"70015063 - 1989 - Significance of loessite in the Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian), Eagle Basin, northwest Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T23:13:46.374772","indexId":"70015063","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of loessite in the Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian), Eagle Basin, northwest Colorado","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459883\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Quaternary loess deposits are widespread on the earth's surface, yet pre-Quaternary loess deposits have rarely been reported. The Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian) of the Eagle Basin, northwest Colorado, includes a siltstone-dominated facies interpreted as loessite (lithified loess) along its downwind basin margin. The section of inferred loessite in the Maroon Formation is locally at least 490 m thick and consists in large part of structureless and nearly structureless beds of homogeneous sandy siltstone. Bed contacts are generally planar to undulatory and are either horizontal or are characterized by gentle relief. Loessite beds are separated by common claystone drapes and weakly developed paleosols, and by rare pond deposits, channel deposits, and eolian-ripple-laminated deposits. The loess interpretation is based on 1) the homogeneity and dominance of the sandy silt grain-size; 2) the relative lack of primary sedimentary structures; 3) the gentle character of most bedding contacts and the common mantling of irregular depositional topography; 4) the inferred paleogeographic setting; and 5) the absence of suitable alternative interpretations. The loessite grades laterally into mixed fluvial-eolian deposits of the Maroon Formation in the main part of Eagle Basin, which served as the loessite sediment source. Deposition of the Maroon Formation was probably strongly affected by cyclic climatic changes synchronous with fluctuations in late Paleozoic continental ice sheets. The paleogeography and paleoclimatology of the Maroon Formation depositional system are not unique, suggesting that there are probably many other ancient loessites that have gone unrecognized.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F9070-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., 1989, Significance of loessite in the Maroon Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian), Eagle Basin, northwest Colorado: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 59, no. 5, p. 782-791, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F9070-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f18e4b08c986b318d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015353,"text":"70015353 - 1989 - Geotechnical, geological, and selected radionuclide retention characteristics of the radioactive waste disposal site near the Farallon Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T19:03:42","indexId":"70015353","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical, geological, and selected radionuclide retention characteristics of the radioactive waste disposal site near the Farallon Islands","docAbstract":"A geotechnical and geological investigation of the Farallon Islands low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal area was conducted to qualitatively assess the host sediments' relative effectiveness as a barrier to radionuclide migration, to estimate the portion of the barrier that is in contact with the waste packages at the three primary disposal sites, and to provide a basic physical description of the sediments. Box cores recovered from within the general disposal area at depths of 500, 1000, and 1500 m were subcored to provide samples (~30 cm in length) for detailed descriptions, textural and mineralogical analyses, and a suite of geotechnical tests (index property, CRS consolidation, and CIU triaxial compression). -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641198909379863","issn":"03608867","usgsCitation":"Booth, J., Winters, W., Poppe, L., Neiheisel, J., and Dyer, R., 1989, Geotechnical, geological, and selected radionuclide retention characteristics of the radioactive waste disposal site near the Farallon Islands: Marine Geotechnology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 111-132, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198909379863.","startPage":"111","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268178,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641198909379863"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c8e4b0c8380cd5a3da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, J.S.","contributorId":13619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neiheisel, J.","contributorId":101022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiheisel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dyer, R.S.","contributorId":32684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015492,"text":"70015492 - 1989 - Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015492","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison","docAbstract":"Ecologic studies of benthic Foraminifera in Florida Bay indicate that 1) the bay is a specialized restricted platform interior environment; 2) its fauna is divisible into 3 subfaunas: nearshore, mudbank, and \"lake', 3) substrate, currents, wave intensity, and wave direction affect local distribution but do not alter regional patterns; and 4) faunal assemblages rather than individual species of Foraminifera are diagnostic environmental indicators as many species range over several faunal zones. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., and Rose, P., 1989, Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 399-418.","startPage":"399","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009fe4b0c8380cd4f819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, P.R.","contributorId":31122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015491,"text":"70015491 - 1989 - Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015491","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","docAbstract":"The main objective in seismic instrumentation of structures is to facilitate response studies that lead to improved understanding of the dynamic behavior and the potential for damage to structures under seismic loading. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to review the status of the programs for strong-motion instrumentation of structures in the United States and discuss various procedures and instrumentation schemes designed to best acquire response data from buildings and (2) to discuss preliminary results derived from recorded response data obtained from a well-instrumented structure during the recent Whittier Narrows earthquake of October 1, 1987 (M3 = 5.6).","conferenceTitle":"Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice","conferenceDate":"1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627012","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Safak, E., and Maley, R., 1989, Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program, Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989, p. 247-256.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e5e4b08c986b31a18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maley, R.","contributorId":87929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015490,"text":"70015490 - 1989 - Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T16:45:50.634223","indexId":"70015490","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis","docAbstract":"A set of seven-parameter regression equations was developed for estimating flood discharges at ungaged areas. The regression equations can be used to estimate urban flood discharges throughout the United States for recurrence intervals from 2 through 500 years. The average standard errors of regression range from 37 percent for the 5-year flood to 49 percent for the 500-year flood. Flood hydrographs representing average, or typical, runoff conditions can be estimated by using a dimensionless hydrograph technique. The dimensionless hydrograph is used to simulate a flood hydrograph by using two parameters - the design peak discharge and the basin lagtime.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic engineering: 3rd national conference: Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"August 14-18, 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1989, Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis, <i>in</i> Hydraulic engineering: 3rd national conference: Papers, New Orleans, LA, August 14-18, 1989, p. 379-385.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe0de4b08c986b3293bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015360,"text":"70015360 - 1989 - Sidescan sonar examination of deteriorated revetments and bulkheads along Chicago's lake front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015360","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sidescan sonar examination of deteriorated revetments and bulkheads along Chicago's lake front","docAbstract":"Lakefill for parks along Chicago's lake front is primarily defended with aged, deteriorated revetments. Survey by 100- and 500-kHz sidescan sonar documents that structural failure of the revetments is not related to lake-bottom undermining. The size and weight of the rock fill in the cribs is identified as a critical factor. Long-term effects of wave surge combined with ice action and gravity can remove rock fill either through breaks in the timber crib wall, or where revetment design offers lakeward exposure of the rock fill. Capstones are displaced when they lose underlying support. Revetments with a lakeward face of steel sheetpile, or toe protection mounded high against the structure, have no significant capstone displacement and are models for improved design. This study supports a rebuilding project that will bury the old revetments with new structures having a lakeward face of either steel sheetpile or a rubble mound.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '89: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Chrzastowski, M.J., 1989, Sidescan sonar examination of deteriorated revetments and bulkheads along Chicago's lake front, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 4, no. pt4, Charleston, SC, USA, 11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989, p. 3931-3944.","startPage":"3931","endPage":"3944","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"pt4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ef5e4b08c986b318c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chrzastowski, Michael J.","contributorId":28643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrzastowski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015489,"text":"70015489 - 1989 - Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015489","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","docAbstract":"During 11 sequences of earthquakes that in retrospect can be classed as foreshocks, the accelerating rate at which seismic moment is released follows, at least in part, a simple equation. This equation (1) is {Mathematical expression},where {Mathematical expression} is the cumulative sum until time, t, of the square roots of seismic moments of individual foreshocks computed from reported magnitudes;C and n are constants; and tfis a limiting time at which the rate of seismic moment accumulation becomes infinite. The possible time of a major foreshock or main shock, tf,is found by the best fit of equation (1), or its integral, to step-like plots of {Mathematical expression} versus time using successive estimates of tfin linearized regressions until the maximum coefficient of determination, r2,is obtained. Analyzed examples include sequences preceding earthquakes at Cremasta, Greece, 2/5/66; Haicheng, China 2/4/75; Oaxaca, Mexico, 11/29/78; Petatlan, Mexico, 3/14/79; and Central Chile, 3/3/85. In 29 estimates of main-shock time, made as the sequences developed, the errors in 20 were less than one-half and in 9 less than one tenth the time remaining between the time of the last data used and the main shock. Some precursory sequences, or parts of them, yield no solution. Two sequences appear to include in their first parts the aftershocks of a previous event; plots using the integral of equation (1) show that the sequences are easily separable into aftershock and foreshock segments. Synthetic seismic sequences of shocks at equal time intervals were constructed to follow equation (1), using four values of n. In each series the resulting distributions of magnitudes closely follow the linear Gutenberg-Richter relation log N=a-bM, and the product n times b for each series is the same constant. In various forms and for decades, equation (1) has been used successfully to predict failure times of stressed metals and ceramics, landslides in soil and rock slopes, and volcanic eruptions. Results of more recent experiments and theoretical studies on crack propagation, fault mechanics, and acoustic emission can be closely reproduced by equation (1). Rate-process theory and continuum damage mechanics offer leads toward understanding the physical processes. ?? 1989 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00881603","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Varnes, D.J., 1989, Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 130, no. 4, p. 661-686, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603.","startPage":"661","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603"},{"id":224040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b4e4b0c8380cd7b6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015486,"text":"70015486 - 1989 - Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T16:17:54.986838","indexId":"70015486","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations","docAbstract":"A stable isotope-dilution method using resonance ionization mass spectrometry is suitable for the determination of rhenium and osmium abundances and osmium isotopic composition in carbonaceous chondrites and iron meteorites. The chemical procedure involves sodium peroxide fusion, followed by distillation of osmium from sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide and subsequent anion-exchange separation of rhenium from the same solution. ?? 1989.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81904-2","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Walker, R.J., 1989, Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 222, no. 1, p. 291-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81904-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa8e4b0c8380cd646e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Richard J.","contributorId":117844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015484,"text":"70015484 - 1989 - The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T13:40:24","indexId":"70015484","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The scarcity of both extension and compression features on the Moon strongly constrains the history of the lunar radius—to variations of less than ±1 km over the past 3.8 Gyr. This limit has traditionally been interpreted as requiring a delicate balance between thermal contraction of the near‐surface and expansion of a substantial cold interior region. Recent theories of lunar origin (e.g., giant impact), in contrast, favor a “hot” initial state. We propose that a reconciliation may be possible by taking account of the volume change Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;due to differentiation. We calculate STP densities based on simplified normative mineralogies for a suite of estimates of the bulk lunar composition, of primary lunar basalt, and of the residuum left when the maximum amount of the latter is extracted from the former. Typically Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;≃ 2 to 5%—an expansion equivalent to heating by ∼10</span><sup>3</sup><span>K. Provided the timing of differentiation is correct, one might offset the cooling of a magma ocean as much as 630 km deep by differentiation of the remainder of the Moon (which need not start much below the solidus temperature). A large but not impossible amount of gabbroic melt production is implied: ∼100 times the volume of mare basalts known to have been extruded. We do not address the detailed genetic relationship of this melt to the basalts observed on the lunar surface but point out that it need not have reached the surface directly or even have entered the crust in order for the expansion to have occurred. To assess the timing of melt formation, we investigate a simple conductive lunar thermal model which takes account of both Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and thermal contraction. Our initial state is characterized by a central temperature&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and a depth&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;above which the material (derived from the magma ocean) is already at the solidus and is not suceptible to volume changes upon further differentiation. We find a range of models satisfying the limits on radius increase and decrease. The hottest has&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 1210 K,&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;= 400 km; without Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>, we would need a larger or colder (or both) core, e.g.,&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;≲ 700 K for&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;= 200–400 km, in agreement with previous investigators. Our modeling thus lends credence to the idea that the Moon could have been initially ≳50% molten (with the remainder relatively close to the solidus) and yet experienced little volume change over the last 3.8 Gyr.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB09p12133","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., and Stevenson, D.J., 1989, The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B9, p. 12133-12144, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB09p12133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12133","endPage":"12144","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140331-134907528","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"94","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa46e4b08c986b3227a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevenson, David J.","contributorId":211426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015361,"text":"70015361 - 1989 - Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015361","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","docAbstract":"A relation for rapidly predicting the peak outflow rate from a breached embankment dam has been presented. The prediction equation is based on reliable data from 19 embankment dam failures and requires as input the volume of water in the reservoir at the time a breach begins to form, and the estimated height of the final breach. Peak outflow predicted by the equation can be used with simplified flood routing procedures to determine peak flows at locations downstream of a dam. Use of the prediction equation will improve the accuracy of rapid assessments of damage that would be caused by the flood resulting from an embankment dam failure.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1989, Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 136-141.","startPage":"136","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7610e4b0c8380cd77ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015516,"text":"70015516 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:05:20.579681","indexId":"70015516","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach","docAbstract":"<p>In small limestone islands, the depositional history and subsequent chemical interactions between ground water and the aquifer host rock play critical roles in the occurrence, movement, and chemical quality of ground water. The hydrogeochemistry of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll, Marshall Islands, is an example of these relations.</p><p>Laura is underlain by two principal hydrologic units. The upper unit is a back-reef-marginal-lagoonal deposit which formed during the Holocene interglacial stage. It is composed of moderately permeable carbonate sediments. The lower hydrologic unit consists of highly permeable limestone that was subaerially exposed, most likely during a Pleistocene glacial lowstand. Similar stratification is found at Bikini and Enewetak atolls.</p><p>The upper hydrologic unit contains a calcium bicarbonate-rich fresh-water lens, in which a potable fresh-water nucleus as much as 14 m thick occurs on the lagoon side of the island. Storage in the fresh-water nucleus ranged from 1.70 x 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 2.08 x 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during 1984-1985. Ground-water occurrence and flow are governed by an asymmetric distribution of lithofacies about the longitudinal axis of the island and an abrupt increase in permeability at the contact between the upper and lower hydrologic units. The highly permeable lower hydrologic unit contains sea water and truncates the fresh-water-sea-water mixing zone.</p><p>The fresh-water lens and associated fresh-water-sea-water mixing zone are the site of continuously occurring diagenetic reactions that significantly affect the porosity and permeability of the aquifer. Non-equilibrium dissolution-precipitation reactions, coupled with variations in CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>input, control the chemical evolution of Laura ground water. At the present rate of chemical weathering, 465 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of sediment are being dissolved and transported to the sea by ground water each year. This dissolution results in an annual increase in porosity of 0.01%.</p><p>The primary factors controlling the occurrence and flow of ground water in the leeward reef islet of Laura are (1) the depositional history of the upper hydrologic unit, which has resulted in a greater accumulation of low-permeability (fine-grained) sediments beneath the lagoon side of the island and a high- to low-permeability (coarse-to fine-grained sediment) gradation between the ocean and lagoon; and (2) the diagenetic history of the lower hydrologic unit, which has resulted in a highly permeable basement.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1066:GOTLFW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S.S., Peterson, F., MacKenzie, F., and Hamlin, S.N., 1989, Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 8, p. 1066-1075, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1066:GOTLFW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1066","endPage":"1075","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1827e4b0c8380cd556b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, S. S.","contributorId":89173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.L.","contributorId":14123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014902,"text":"70014902 - 1989 - Simulation of precipitation by weather-type analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014902","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of precipitation by weather-type analysis","docAbstract":"A new approach that uses weather-type analysis as a basis for stochastic precipitation modeling was developed and tested for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The weather types permit the identification of weather conditions associated with varying frequencies, intensities, and amounts of precipitation. Weather-type frequencies were used to stochastically simulate precipitation for Philadelphia and to produce estimates that statistically match observed precipitation. A new method that applies climatic-change scenarios to weather-type frequencies to simulate future precipitation was developed.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Hay, L., Kalkstein, L., Ayers, M.A., and Wolock, D., 1989, Simulation of precipitation by weather-type analysis, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 679-684.","startPage":"679","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9071e4b08c986b3194e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkstein, L.S.","contributorId":21291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkstein","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, M. A.","contributorId":41417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015233,"text":"70015233 - 1989 - The influence of formation material properties on the response of water levels in wells to Earth tides and atmospheric loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:08:40.566375","indexId":"70015233","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of formation material properties on the response of water levels in wells to Earth tides and atmospheric loading","docAbstract":"<p><span>The water level in an open well can change in response to deformation of the surrounding material, either because of applied strains (tidal or tectonic) or surface loading by atmospheric pressure changes. Under conditions of no vertical fluid flow and negligible well bore storage (static-confined conditions), the sensitivities to these effects depend on the elastic properties and porosity which characterize the surrounding medium. For a poroelastic medium, high sensitivity to applied areal strains occurs for low porosity, while high sensitivity to atmospheric loading occurs for high porosity; both increase with decreasing compressibility of the solid matrix. These material properties also influence vertical fluid flow induced by areally extensive deformation and can be used to define two types of hydraulic diffusivity which govern pressure diffusion, one for applied strain and one for surface loading. The hydraulic diffusivity which governs pressure diffusion in response to surface loading is slightly smaller than that which governs fluid flow in response to applied strain. Given the static-confined response of a water well to atmospheric loading and Earth tides, the in situ drained matrix compressibility and porosity (and hence the one-dimensional specific storage) can be estimated. Analysis of the static-confined response of five wells to atmospheric loading and Earth tides gives generally reasonable estimates for material properties.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB09p12403","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rojstaczer, S., and Agnew, D., 1989, The influence of formation material properties on the response of water levels in wells to Earth tides and atmospheric loading: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B9, p. 12403-12411, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB09p12403.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12403","endPage":"12411","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad22e4b08c986b3239d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rojstaczer, S.","contributorId":92709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015463,"text":"70015463 - 1989 - Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T11:56:48.474077","indexId":"70015463","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Geochemical data for samples of overburden from three mines in the Powder River Basin indicate a statistically significant (0.01 confidence level) positive correlation (<i>r</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.74) between Se and organic C. Results of factor analysis with varimax rotation on the major and trace element data from the rock samples indicate large (&gt;50) varimax loadings for Se in two of the three factors. In Factor 1, the association of Se with constituents common to detrital grains indicates that water transporting the detrital particles into the Powder River Basin also carried dissolved Se. The large (&gt;50) varimax loadings of Se and organic C in Factor 2 probably are due to the organic affinities characteristic of Se.</p><p>Dissolved Se concentrations in water samples collected at one coal mine are directly related to the dissolved organic C concentrations. Hydrophilic acid concentrations in the water samples from the mine ranged from 35 to 43% of the total dissolved organic C, and hydrophobic acid concentrations ranged from 40 to 49% of the total dissolved organic C. The largest dissolved organic C concentrations in water from the same mine (34–302 mg/l), coupled with the large proportion of acidic components, may saturate adsorption sites on geothite and similar minerals that comprise the aquifer material, thus decreasing the extent of selenite (SeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) adsorption as a sink for Se as the redox state of ground water decreases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(89)90067-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., and Rice, J., 1989, Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 4, no. 6, p. 565-575, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90067-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.47190543824975,\n              45.01883494747517\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.47190543824975,\n              41.6986083689649\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.13348307176983,\n              41.6986083689649\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.13348307176983,\n              45.01883494747517\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.47190543824975,\n              45.01883494747517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a168de4b0c8380cd551ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015405,"text":"70015405 - 1989 - Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T15:52:49.243761","indexId":"70015405","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment is focusing close attention on the 44-km-long section of the San Andreas fault that last ruptured seismically in 1966 (</span><i>M</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>&nbsp;6.0). The 20-km-long central segment of the 1966 Parkfield rupture, extending from the mainshock epicenter at Middle Mountain southeastward to Gold Hill, forms a 1- to 2-km salient northeastward away from the dominant N40°W strike. Following the 1966 earthquake afterslip, aseismic slip has been nearly constant. Moderate Parkfield earthquakes have recurred on average every 21 years since 1857, when a great earthquake (</span><i>M</i><span>≈8) ruptured at least as far north as the southern Parkfield segment. Many measurements of slip have been made near Parkfield since 1966. Nevertheless, much of the history of surface slip remained uncertain, especially the total amount associated with the 1966 event. In 1985 we measured accumulated slip on the four oldest cultural features offset by the fault along the 1966 Parkfield rupture segment. We interpret net slip on each feature as a sum of event slip (sum of coseismic and rapid preseismic and postseismic slip) from Parkfield earthquakes and steady interseismic slip as measured over the last 20 years on nearby alinement arrays, creep meters, and trilateration lines. We assumed for each site that event slip was identical for the 1922, 1934, and 1966 Parkfield events and that long-term average rate of interseismic slip was constant between all events. Two fences on the southern segment, southeast of Gold Hill, indicate event slip of 13 and 15 cm and interseismic slip rate of 0.36 and 0.30 cm/yr since 1959 and 1908, respectively. At these sites, redundant independent data support our assumption that both event and interseismic slip occur uniformly. On the central segment, near Parkfield, both the 1934 and the 1966 ruptures offset a bridge built in 1932. Interseismic slip rate near the bridge has been about 1.1 cm/yr since 1966; thus we deduce an average event slip of 31 cm for the 1934 and 1966 earthquakes. On a parallel fault trace, 1 km to the southwest, slip was about 8 cm in 1966; thus total event slip summed across the entire fault zone near Parkfield was nearly 40 cm. On Middle Mountain, 4 km north of the 1966 mainshock epicenter, an offset fence indicates 17 cm of slip in 1966 and a 2.26-cm/yr interseismic slip rate since circa 1946. Thus the central segment of the 1966 rupture is characterized by much larger event slip (∼40 cm) than both distal segments (∼15 cm). This amount of surface slip per event is about twice what had been previously assumed. Larger 1966 surface slip in the central part of the rupture is geodetically compatible with a coseismic slip of 65±10 cm slip on a narrow, buried asperity between Middle Mountain and Gold Hill that has been inferred from the depth distribution of early aftershocks. Assuming our characteristic surface slip model, one can further deduce a deficit in slip since the great 1857 earthquake. Taking the long-term slip rate as 3.3 cm/yr, the surface slip deficit is 3±0.2 m south of Gold Hill but only 0.3±0.3 m northward from Parkfield.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB12p17647","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., and Prescott, W., 1989, Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B12, p. 17647-17670, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17647.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"17647","endPage":"17670","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3163e4b0c8380cd5dead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015402,"text":"70015402 - 1989 - Water transport in limestone by X-ray CAT scanning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015402","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water transport in limestone by X-ray CAT scanning","docAbstract":"The transport of water through the interior of Salem limestone test briquettes can be dynamically monitored by computer aided tomography (commonly called CAT scanning in medical diagnostics). Most significantly, unless evaporation from a particular face of the briquette is accelerated by forced air flow (wind simulation), the distribution of water in the interior of the briquette remains more or less uniform throughout the complete drying cycle. Moreover, simulated solar illumination of the test briquette does not result in the production of significant water gradients in the briquette under steady-state drying conditions.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Sessions Related to Structural Materials at Structures Congress '89","conferenceDate":"1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626997","usgsCitation":"Mossoti, V.G., and Castanier, L.M., 1989, Water transport in limestone by X-ray CAT scanning, Proceedings of the Sessions Related to Structural Materials at Structures Congress '89, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989, p. 226-235.","startPage":"226","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc9ae4b08c986b32dc27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mossoti, Victor G.","contributorId":42486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossoti","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanier, Louis M.","contributorId":21823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castanier","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015404,"text":"70015404 - 1989 - Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T15:54:34.339207","indexId":"70015404","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, exposed in five thrust plates of the Wyoming-Idaho-Utah thrust belt, carries directions of remanent magnetization that group most tightly after only partial unfolding. Field, petrographic, and rock magnetic evidence indicates that the carrier of this magnetization is detrital, low-Ti titanomagnetite. The detrital titanomagnetite was remagnetized at low temperatures (75°–150°C) probably completely during folding. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and petrographic observations indicate that the detrital titanomagnetite has been affected by tectonic strain. We suggest that low-temperature remagnetization of the detrital titanomagnetite was either a viscous partial thermoremanent magnetization, the acquisition of which was enhanced by stress, or a piezoremanent magnetization that involved stress-induced movement of domain walls during intracrystalline strain, or was a combination of the two mechanisms. Stress may promote remagnetization at temperatures much lower than predicted by current theoretical models. Other mechanisms, such as acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization during folding, deflection of a prefolding magnetization by internal strain, or combination of components of magnetization with different direction cannot account for the geometry of magnetization in the Preuss. The locus of acquisition of synfolding magnetization in the Preuss migrated in conjunction with deformation in the thrust belt. A model is presented in which synfolding magnetization was acquired during cooling and folding as strata moved up thrust ramps. A lack of reverse-polarity directions remains a puzzling feature of the remanence. The remanent direction is tentatively interpreted to reflect the predominant polarity state during its acquisition over an extended rather than a discrete time period during folding in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (?) periods of predominantly normal polarity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB10p13681","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., Reynolds, R.L., and Fishman, N., 1989, Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B10, p. 13681-13705, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p13681.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"13681","endPage":"13705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba342e4b08c986b31fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015074,"text":"70015074 - 1989 - Igneous history of the Koyukuk terrane, western Alaska: Constraints on the origin, evolution, and ultimate collision of an accreted island arc terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:13:49.827716","indexId":"70015074","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Igneous history of the Koyukuk terrane, western Alaska: Constraints on the origin, evolution, and ultimate collision of an accreted island arc terrane","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Koyukuk terrane of western Alaska consists of volcanic, volcaniclastic, and plutonic rocks which range from Late Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous in age. The terrane crops out in a U-shaped belt which is roughly paralleled by outer belts of ultramafic rocks, oceanic plate basalts and cherts, and retrograded blueschist facies rocks of continental protolith. These rocks have been interpreted as components of a volcanic arc terrane that collided with the North American continental margin in Early Cretaceous time. The Koyukuk terrane consists of four time-stratigraphic units: (1) pre-Middle Jurassic basalts, (2) Middle and Late Jurassic granitic rocks, (3) lower Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks, and (4) upper Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks. Limited chemical data from the basalts of unit 1 indicate that they were erupted in a nonarc tectonic environment, possibly in an oceanic island or back arc setting. Units 2, 3, and 4 have the characteristics of subduction-related volcanic rocks (i.e., depleted Nb and Ta and enriched alkaline elements, relative to the light rare earth elements). Unit 3 contains tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, and alkaline rocks with chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns that range from flat (La</span><sub><i>N</i></sub><span>/Yb</span><sub><i>N</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 1) to highly light rare earth element enriched (La</span><sub><i>N</i></sub><span>/Yb</span><sub><i>N</i></sub><span>&nbsp;&gt; 15). The highly alkaline or shoshonitic lavas were erupted toward the end of unit 3 time (Valanginian) during the final stages of arc-continent collision. These alkaline lavas could have been derived by very small degrees of partial melting of a similar source to that of the earlier arc lavas. Unit 4 lavas are also alkaline or shoshonitic, but their incompatible element composition indicates that they were derived from a different source than that of the earlier arc lavas. These late alkaline lavas are chemically similar to crosscutting mid-Cretaceous plutons whose isotopic compositions (Arth et al., this issue (</span><i>a</i><span>)) suggest derivation by partial melting of distinctly older subcontinental lithosphere. We speculate that the parental magmas of unit 4 lavas may also have been derived by partial melting of this subcontinental mantle which was underthrust beneath the Koyukuk arc terrane during the final stage of arc-continent collision.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB11p15843","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., and Patton, W.W., 1989, Igneous history of the Koyukuk terrane, western Alaska: Constraints on the origin, evolution, and ultimate collision of an accreted island arc terrane: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B11, p. 15843-15867, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB11p15843.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"15843","endPage":"15867","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3865e4b0c8380cd6155b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, W. W. Jr.","contributorId":11231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003766,"text":"1003766 - 1989 - Microcontaminants and reproductive impairment of the Forster's tern on Green Bay, Lake Michigan,1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T16:00:55","indexId":"1003766","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microcontaminants and reproductive impairment of the Forster's tern on Green Bay, Lake Michigan,1983","docAbstract":"<p><span>For the 1983 nesting season, Forster's tern (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sterna forsteri</i><span>) reproductive success was significantly impaired on organochlorine contaminated Green Bay, Lake Michigan compared to a relatively uncontaminated inland location at Lake Poygan, Wisconsin. Compared with tern eggs from Lake Poygan, eggs from Green Bay had significantly higher median concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD), other polychlorinated dibenzo-</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>-dioxins (PCDDs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total (three congeners) non-ortho, ortho' PCBs, five individual PCB congeners known to induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and several other organochlorine contaminants. Conversions of analytical concentrations of TCDD and PCB congeners based on relative AHH induction potencies allowed for estimation of total 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents. Two PCB congeners, 2,3,3′,4,4′- and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB) accounted for more than 90% of the median estimated TCDD equivalents at both Green Bay and Lake Poygan. The median estimated TCDD equivalents were almost 11-fold higher in tern eggs from Green Bay than in eggs from Lake Poygan (2175 and 201 pg/g). The hatching success of Green Bay sibling eggs from nests where eggs were collected for contaminant analyses was 75% lower at Green Bay than at Lake Poygan. Hatchability of eggs taken from other nests and artificially incubated was about 50% lower for Green Bay than for Lake Poygan. Among hatchlings from laboratory incubation, those from Green Bay weighed approximately 20% less and had a mean liver weight to body weight ratio 26% greater than those from Lake Poygan. In both field and laboratory, mean minimum incubation periods were significantly longer for eggs from Green Bay compared to Lake Poygan (8.25 and 4.58 days, respectively). Mean minimum incubation time for Green Bay eggs in the field was 4.37 days longer than in the laboratory. Hatchability was greatly improved when Green Bay eggs were incubated by Lake Poygan adults in an egg-exchange experiment, but was sharply decreased in Lake Poygan eggs incubated in Green Bay nests. Nest abandonment and egg disappearance were substantial at Green Bay but nil at Lake Poygan. Thus, not only factors intrinsic to the egg, but also extrinsic factors (parental attentiveness), impaired reproductive outcome at Green Bay. The epidemiological evidence from this study strongly suggested that contaminants were a causal factor. AHH-active PCB congeners (intrinsic effects) and PCBs in general (extrinsic effects) appeared to be the only contaminants at the concentrations measured in eggs, capable of producing the effects that were observed at Green Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01225009","usgsCitation":"Kubiak, T., Harris, H., Smith, L., Schwartz, T., Stalling, D., Trick, J., Sileo, L., Docherty, D.E., and Erdman, T., 1989, Microcontaminants and reproductive impairment of the Forster's tern on Green Bay, Lake Michigan,1983: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 18, no. 5, p. 706-727, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01225009.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"727","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay Watershed, Green Bay, Lake Poygan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.00848388671875,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.066162109375,\n              44.089557802247725\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              44.01849648651216\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.84368896484375,\n              43.949327348785225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.7310791015625,\n              43.9473499035071\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.65142822265625,\n              43.96514454266273\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.560791015625,\n              44.004669106432225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.35205078124999,\n              44.15265182817537\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.95928955078125,\n              44.345458103018316\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8521728515625,\n              44.453388800301774\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60223388671875,\n              44.68232453976496\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.58575439453125,\n              44.79937794671695\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54730224609375,\n              44.85197466334987\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.53631591796875,\n              44.999767019181306\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5555419921875,\n              45.10842333769411\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.61322021484375,\n              45.12199086176226\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.70660400390625,\n              45.12199086176226\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.79998779296875,\n              45.09679146394738\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.945556640625,\n              45.04635929200553\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.406982421875,\n              44.8344477567128\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.55804443359375,\n              44.72332018895825\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.7860107421875,\n              44.60415728007794\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.91510009765625,\n              44.46711115202032\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.00848388671875,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":89105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, H.J.","contributorId":33684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.M.","contributorId":82650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, T.R.","contributorId":97451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stalling, D.L.","contributorId":36502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalling","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trick, J.A.","contributorId":39334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erdman, T.C.","contributorId":79438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70015221,"text":"70015221 - 1989 - Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:31:00","indexId":"70015221","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Partially fused granitoid blocks were ejected in the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama, which was accompanied by collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Quartz, plagioclase, and glass in the granitoids have much lower&nbsp;</span><i>δ<sup>18</sup>O</i><span>&nbsp;values (−3.4 to +4.9‰) than any fresh lavas of Mount Mazama and the surrounding region (+5.8 to +7.0‰). Oxygen isotope fractionation between phases in granitoids is consistent with equilibrium at&nbsp;</span><i>T ⩾ 900°C</i><span>&nbsp;following subsolidus exchange with hydrothermal fluids of meteoric origin. Assimilation of ∼ 10–20% of material similar to these granitoids can account for the O and Sr isotopic compositions of lavas and juvenile pyroclasts derived from the climactic magma chamber, many of which have&nbsp;</span><i>δ<sup>18</sup>O</i><span>&nbsp;values ∼ 0.5‰ or more lower than comparable lavas of Mount Mazama. The O isotope data provide the only clear evidence for such assimilation because the mineralogy and chemical and radiogenic isotopic compositions of the granitoids (dominantly granodiorite) are similar to those of erupted juvenile magmas. The granitoid blocks from Crater Lake serve as direct evidence for the origin of</span><sup>18</sup><span>O depletion in large, shallow silicic magma bodies.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(89)90132-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Adami, L.H., and Lanphere, M.A., 1989, Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90132-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01afe4b0c8380cd4fcee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adami, Lanford H.","contributorId":146967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adami","given":"Lanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015371,"text":"70015371 - 1989 - Paleozoic age of the Capo Spartivento Orthogneiss, Sardinia, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:02:25.748947","indexId":"70015371","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic age of the Capo Spartivento Orthogneiss, Sardinia, Italy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Zircon&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>U</mtext><mtext>Pb</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">UPb</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;isotope dating of the Capo Spartivento Orthogneiss, proposed as a possible Precambrian basement of southern Sardinia, shows that this rock is Caledonian in age. Conventional multi-grain analyses yield an imprecise age of roughly 480 Ma, and ion-microprobe analyses of cores of single grains yield a consistent age of 449 Ma. Though some inherited grains of Proterozoic age are present in the zircon population, they are neither abundant nor consistent with Caledonian growth of new zircons within an older protolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(89)90017-1","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., and Turi, B., 1989, Paleozoic age of the Capo Spartivento Orthogneiss, Sardinia, Italy: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 79, no. 2, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(89)90017-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7462e4b0c8380cd775f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turi, B.","contributorId":64812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015615,"text":"70015615 - 1989 - Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:17:53","indexId":"70015615","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions have indicated that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh groundwater can produce a water that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Mixing of such waters in coastal carbonate aquifers could lead to significant amounts of limestone dissolution. The potential for such dissolution in coastal saltwater mixing zones is analyzed by coupling the results from a reaction simulation model (PHREEQE) with a variable density groundwater flow and solute transport model. Idealized cross sections of coastal carbonate aquifers are simulated to estimate the potential for calcite dissolution under a variety of hydrologic and geochemical conditions. Results show that limestone dissolution in mixing zones is strongly dependent on groundwater flux and nearly independent of the dissolution kinetics of calcite. The amount of dissolution varies within a mixing zone, depending on the properties, physical dimensions, and boundary conditions of the aquifer system. Nearly all of the dissolution occurs in the fresher side of the mixing zone, with the maximum dissolution occurring in water that is fresher than that predicted solely by geochemical reaction models. The greatest porosity and permeability development occur at the toe and at the top of the mixing zone. If permeability increases as porosity increases, asymmetry in the dissolution causes the mixing zone to migrate landward over time. Dissolution rates indicated by the model show that this mechanism can produce significant increases in porosity and permeability over time spans on the order of tens of thousands of years. Given the comparatively long span of geologic time, this process may be largely responsible for porosity and permeability development observed in those carbonate rocks through which a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone had at one time migrated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i004p00655","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Konikow, L.F., 1989, Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 655-667, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i004p00655.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"667","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9015e4b08c986b3192f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}