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No abstract available.

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Avulsion of the brachial plexus was documented in a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). A fractured scapula was also present. Cause of these injuries was not known but was thought to be due to trauma. Differentiation of musculoskeletal injury from peripheral nerve damage can be difficult in raptors. Use of electromyography and motor nerve conduction velocity was helpful in demonstrating peripheral nerve involvement. A brachial plexus avulsion was suspected on the basis of clinical signs, presence of electromyographic abnormalities in all muscles supplied by the nerves of the brachial plexus and absence of median-ulnar motor nerve conduction velocities.

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J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96328,"text":"96328 - 1989 - Status and management of the least Bell's vireo at the Sweetwater River, San Diego County, California, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96328","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Status and management of the least Bell's vireo at the Sweetwater River, San Diego County, California, 1988","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1989, Status and management of the least Bell's vireo at the Sweetwater River, San Diego County, California, 1988, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003429,"text":"1003429 - 1989 - Comparison of two methods for shipping green eggs of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1003429","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3540,"text":"The Anal Fin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two methods for shipping green eggs of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Anal Fin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Crowther, J., 1989, Comparison of two methods for shipping green eggs of rainbow trout: The Anal Fin, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1-2.","productDescription":"pp. 1-2","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowther, J.R.","contributorId":84698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowther","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":94825,"text":"94825 - 1989 - Emergency striped bass research study report for 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"94825","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Emergency striped bass research study report for 1987","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"89-033/FC","usgsCitation":"Rago, P., Dorazio, R., Richards, R., and Deuel, D., 1989, Emergency striped bass research study report for 1987.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, R.A.","contributorId":88674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deuel, D.G.","contributorId":20683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deuel","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":93747,"text":"93747 - 1989 - Effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:51:19","indexId":"93747","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"This publication is a review of selected literature about prescribed burning in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) for management of wildlife. It also will be useful to other resource managers and researchers and to persons interested in the NGP. It is more 'descriptive' than 'interpretative.'The publication is a joint effort of the South Dakota State Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (SDCFWRU), South Dakota State University, Brookings; the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC), Jamestown, N.D.; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Fergus Falls, Minn. Manuscript typing and library services were shared between SDCFWRU and NPWRC.This publication (EC 761) is the second of three SDSU Extension circulars on grassland fires. EC 760 is Prescribed burning guidelines in the Northern Great Plains; EC 762 is Annotated bibliography of fire literature relative to northern grasslands in South-Central Canada and North-Central United States and contains many more citations than presented in this publication. All three circulars may be obtained from either the Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Department; SDSU Box 2206; ph (605) 688-6121; or from the Ag Communications Bulletin Room; SDSU Box 2231; ph (605) 688-5628; both in Brookings, S.D. 57007.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; South Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K.F., Kruse, A.D., and Piehl, J.L., 1989, Effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_circ/429/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Kenneth F.","contributorId":65032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Arnold D.","contributorId":59381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piehl, James L.","contributorId":81833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piehl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85373,"text":"85373 - 1989 - Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:51:53","indexId":"85373","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"Five themes dominate the literature dealing with the vegetation of palustrine and lacustrine wetlands of the prairie pothole region: environmental conditions (water or moisture regime, salinity), agricultural disturbances (draining, grazing, burning, sedimentation, etc.), vegetation dynamics, zonation patterns, and classification of the wetlands.The flora of a prairie wetland is a function of its water regime, salinity, and disturbance by man. Within a pothole, water depth and duration determines distribution of species. In potholes deep enough to have standing water even during droughts, the central zone will be dominated by submersed species (open water). In wetlands that go dry during periods of drought or annually, the central zone will be dominated by either tall emergent species (deep marsh) or midheight emergents (shallow marsh), respectively. Potholes that are only flooded briefly in the spring are dominated by grasses, sedges, and forbs (wet meadow). Within a pothole, the depth of standing water in the deepest, usually central, part of the basin determines how many zones will be present. Lists of species associated with different water regimes and salinity levels are presented.Disturbances due to agricultural activities have impacted wetlands throughout the region. Drainage has eliminated many potholes, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the region. Grazing, mowing, and burning have altered the composition of pothole vegetation. The composition of different vegetation types impacted by grazing, haying, and cultivation is presented in a series of tables. Indirect impacts of agriculture (increased sediment, nutrient, and pesticide inputs) are widespread over the region, but their impacts on the vegetation have never been studied.Because of the periodic droughts and wet periods, many palustrine and lacustrine wetlands undergo vegetation cycles associated with water-level changes produced by these wet-dry cycles. Periods of above normal precipitation can raise water levels high enough to drown out emergent vegetation or produce 'eat outs' due to increases in the size of muskrat populations that accompany periods of high water. The elimination of emergents creates a lake marsh dominated by submersed vegetation. During the next drought when the marsh bottom is exposed by receding water levels (a drawdown), seeds of emergents and mudflat annuals in the soil (the seed bank) germinate (the dry marsh stage). When the marsh refloods, ending the dry marsh stage, the emergents survive and spread vegetatively. This is the regenerating marsh. This stage continues until high water again eliminates the emergents, starting the next degenerating stage.Zonation patterns are conspicuous because each zone often is dominated by a single species that has a lifeform different from those in adjacent zones. The species composition of each zone is a function of its environment (water or moisture regime, salinity, and disturbance history). Within a zone it may take a year or more for species composition to adjust to a change of environmental conditions. These lags sometimes result in abnormal zonation patterns, particularly after a change in water level.Classification of prairie wetlands is more difficult than for most other wetland type, because of these vegetation cycles. Early attempts to classify prairie wetlands did not take the dynamic nature of their vegetation into account. Stewart and Kantrud (1971) developed a classification system for prairie potholes that recognized different phases of vegetation zones dominated by deep marsh species. It used the composition of the vegetation in the deepest part (zone) of a pothole as an indicator of its water-level regime and water chemistry. The application of the national wetland classification system of Cowardin et al. (1979) to potholes is also discussed, and lists of species that characterize the various dominance types associated with the subclasses in this system are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northern prairie wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Iowa State University Press","publisherLocation":"Ames, IA","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., Millar, J., and Van Der Valk, A., 1989, Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region, chap. of Northern prairie wetlands, p. 132-187.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699807","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van der Valk, A.","contributorId":111845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Valk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504446,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millar, J.B.","contributorId":52516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Der Valk, A.G.","contributorId":27815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Valk","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96359,"text":"96359 - 1989 - Conservation of California's riparian habitats: the case of the least Bell's vireo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96359","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Conservation of California's riparian habitats: the case of the least Bell's vireo","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Lab","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1989, Conservation of California's riparian habitats: the case of the least Bell's vireo.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96358,"text":"96358 - 1989 - Geographic Information System plan for Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96358","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Geographic Information System plan for Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service, Golden Gate NRA","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Howell, J.A., 1989, Geographic Information System plan for Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, J. A.","contributorId":27812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96357,"text":"96357 - 1989 - Distribution of radio-marked pintails in the Sacramento Valley during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96357","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution of radio-marked pintails in the Sacramento Valley during winter","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Suisun Resource Conservation District Annual Report","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1989, Distribution of radio-marked pintails in the Sacramento Valley during winter, v. 1989, p. 30-31.","productDescription":"p. 30-31","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1989","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63d1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014001,"text":"1014001 - 1989 - Comparisons of nonspecific and specific immunomodulation of oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and levamisole in salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T15:20:46","indexId":"1014001","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3682,"text":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of nonspecific and specific immunomodulation of oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and levamisole in salmonids","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0165-2427(89)90122-0","collaboration":"90-026/FH","usgsCitation":"Siwicki, A., Anderson, D.P., and Dixon, O.W., 1989, Comparisons of nonspecific and specific immunomodulation of oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and levamisole in salmonids: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 23, no. 1-2, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90122-0.","productDescription":"p. 195-200","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269932,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90122-0"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siwicki, A.K.","contributorId":71115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siwicki","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007438,"text":"1007438 - 1989 - Another exotic turtle record for Hawaii?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:19:16","indexId":"1007438","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Another exotic turtle record for Hawaii?","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Audobon Society","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., 1989, Another exotic turtle record for Hawaii?: 'Elepaio, v. 49, p. 86-87.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000579,"text":"1000579 - 1989 - Distribution of alewives in southeastern Lake Ontario in autumn and winter: a clue to winter mortalities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T09:13:31","indexId":"1000579","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of alewives in southeastern Lake Ontario in autumn and winter: a clue to winter mortalities","docAbstract":"

Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in the Great Lakes are thought to avoid extreme cold in winter by moving to deep water where the temperature is usually highest because of inverse thermal stratification. Information collected in Lake Ontario during autumn and winter 1981–1984 with an echo sounder and bottom and midwater trawls indicated that many alewives remained at depths above 110 m, regardless of water temperature. Alewives in the Great Lakes that did not descend to greater depths would be exposed to potentially lethal temperatures during cold winters.inters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0687:DOAISL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., and O’Gorman, R., 1989, Distribution of alewives in southeastern Lake Ontario in autumn and winter: a clue to winter mortalities: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 687-692, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0687:DOAISL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":96356,"text":"96356 - 1989 - Analysis of faunal remains from Lake Mohave and Pinto Period sites of the Mohave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96356","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analysis of faunal remains from Lake Mohave and Pinto Period sites of the Mohave Desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Early human occupation in the arid West: 12,000-7,000 B.P. Anthropological Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nevada State Museum","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., Jenkins, D., and Warren, C., 1989, Analysis of faunal remains from Lake Mohave and Pinto Period sites of the Mohave Desert, chap. of Early human occupation in the arid West: 12,000-7,000 B.P. Anthropological Papers.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"28","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db6809d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, D.L.","contributorId":9990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, C.N.","contributorId":63340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013661,"text":"1013661 - 1989 - Portals of entry for salmonid whirling disease in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T01:36:12.526163","indexId":"1013661","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portals of entry for salmonid whirling disease in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/DAO006007","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1989, Portals of entry for salmonid whirling disease in rainbow trout: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 6, no. 1, p. 7-10, https://doi.org/10.3354/DAO006007.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao006007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007437,"text":"1007437 - 1989 - A western range extension for Nereocystis leutkeana in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T21:06:52","indexId":"1007437","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1069,"text":"Botanica Marina","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A western range extension for Nereocystis leutkeana in the North Pacific","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Botanica Marina","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1515/botm.1989.32.6.535","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.A., and Estes, J.A., 1989, A western range extension for Nereocystis leutkeana in the North Pacific: Botanica Marina, v. 32, no. 6, p. 535-538, https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1989.32.6.535.","productDescription":"p. 535-538","startPage":"535","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269550,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botm.1989.32.6.535"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K. 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A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003538,"text":"1003538 - 1989 - Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:59:36","indexId":"1003538","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3800,"text":"Xenobiotica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish","docAbstract":"Interspecies variability in the metabolism of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated by exposing rainbow trout, fathead minnows, sheepshead minnow, firemouth, and goldfish to water-borne super(14)C-PCP for 64 h. The amounts of metabolites in bile and exposure water were species-dependent; all of the metabolites excreted into the water were sulphate conjugates while bile was enriched in glucuronide conjugates. Biliary excretion accounted for less than 30% of the total PCP metabolites. Biliary metabolites alone were a poor indication of the metabolites produced and of the major routes of elimination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Xenobiotica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Environ. Res. Lab., NOAA","doi":"10.3109/00498258909034678","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G., and Hayton, W.L., 1989, Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish: Xenobiotica, v. 19, no. 1, p. 75-81, https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258909034678.","productDescription":"pp. 75-81","startPage":"75","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498258909034678"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. 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L.","contributorId":100325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000101,"text":"7000101 - 1989 - Tree rings : timekeepers of the past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"7000101","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Tree rings : timekeepers of the past","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000101","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., and McGowan, J., 1989, Tree rings : timekeepers of the past: General Interest Publication, 15 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000101.","productDescription":"15 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGowan, J.","contributorId":24734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184283,"text":"70184283 - 1989 - Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T16:28:49","indexId":"70184283","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"

Adult greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) wintering in southern Oregon and California increased or maintained body weight in autumn, lost weight from autumn through winter, and rapidly increased in weight before spring migration in late April. We documented significant annual differences in body weights for both sexes. We related seasonal changes in body weight to changes in lipid levels, which were lowest (12-13% of wet wt in M and F) in mid-March and highest in late April (24% in F). Greater white-fronted geese maintained lipid levels during winter similar to those reported for large subspecies of Canada geese (Branta canadensis), and greater than those reported for small subspecies of Canada geese and other small species of geese. Protein content of carcasses varied significantly in females; i.e., lowest in early October and highest in late October and late April. Differences among species in patterns of weight change and body composition during winter seem to be related to social organization, body size, food type, and foraging behavior. Females left spring staging areas weighing relatively less than most other species of geese and may have benefited from foraging opportunities on the nesting grounds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801310","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., and Raveling, D.G., 1989, Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 80-87, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801310.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin, Sacremento-San Joaquin Delta, Sacremento Valley","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8341e4b014cc3a3a9a31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raveling, Dennis G.","contributorId":89443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raveling","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181876,"text":"70181876 - 1989 - Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T16:56:36","indexId":"70181876","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images","docAbstract":"

Demonstrating long-term habitat use of marine habitats by seabirds is often complicated by short-term changes in habitat locations, persistence, and age. This paper describes iterative techniques for characterizing non-static habitats, such as meso-scale (10-100 km) ocean eddies and fronts, using time-series of satellite images that define sea surface conditions. Seabird use of satellite-detected habitats was compared using survey data and imagery from the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern United States. Time-series examination of satellite images combined with long-term seabird censuses allow 1) estimation of the successional state (age) of some marine habitats, 2) detection of recurring habitats, 3) geographically-referenced measurement of habitat location and areal extent, 4) identification of consistently-used habitats, and 5) demonstration of time-dependent use by seabirds associated with seasonal or annual variation in habitat availability.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521315","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., 1989, Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 12, no. 1, p. 78-89, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521315.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4254ae4b0c825128ad4d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015212,"text":"70015212 - 1989 - Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T16:47:28.827703","indexId":"70015212","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments","docAbstract":"

In various sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the terminal electron-accepting process, [14C]glucose was fermented to 14C-fatty acids in a manner similar to that observed in methanogenic sediments. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in Fe(III)-reducing sediments, fermentable substrates are oxidized to carbon dioxide by the combined activity of fermentative bacteria and fatty acid-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1989, Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)- reducing sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3234-3236, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"3234","endPage":"3236","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n 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]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa908e4b0c8380cd85ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015099,"text":"70015099 - 1989 - A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:33:15.685231","indexId":"70015099","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","docAbstract":"

A reliable method for collection, display, and analysis of low-frequency geophysical data from isolated sites, which can be throughout North and South America and the Pacific Rim, has been developed for use with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system. Geophysical data primarily intended for earthquake hazard and crustal deformation monitoring are digitized with either 12-bit or 16-bit resolution and transmitted every 10 min through a satellite link to a bank of UNIX-based computers in Menlo Park, California. There the data are available for analysis and display within a few seconds of their transmit time. This system provides real-time monitoring of crustal deformation parameters such as tilt, strain, fault displacement, local magnetic field, crustal geochemistry, and water levels, as well as meteorological and other parameters, along faults in California and Alaska, and in volcanic regions in the western United States, Rabaul, and other locations in the New Britain region of the South Pacific. Various mathematical, statistical, and graphical algorithms process the incoming data to detect changes in crustal deformation and fault slip that may indicate the first stages of catastrophic fault failure. Alert trigger levels based on physical models, signal resolution, and previous history have been defined for particular instrument types. Computer-driven remote paging and mail systems are used to notify appropriate personnel when alarm status is reached. The system supports continuous historical records of low-frequency geophysical data, software for extensive analysis of these data, and programs for modeling fault rupture with and without seismic radiation, as well as providing an environment for real-time attempts at earthquake prediction.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790010189","usgsCitation":"Silverman, S., Mortensen, C., and Johnston, M., 1989, A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 1, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790010189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e579e4b0c8380cd46d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mortensen, C.","contributorId":67938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.","contributorId":88091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015176,"text":"70015176 - 1989 - Beyond the Kubler index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T15:35:17.137161","indexId":"70015176","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1243,"text":"Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1471-8030","printIssn":"0009-8558","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond the Kubler index","docAbstract":"

The value of peak width at half-height for the illite 001 XRD reflection is known as the Kubler index or the illite ‘crystallinity’ index. This measurement, which has been related to the degree of metamorphism of very low-grade, pelitic rocks, is a function of at least two crystal-chemical factors: (1) illite X-ray scattering domain size; and (2) illite structural distortions (especially swelling). Reynolds' NEWMOD computer program is used to construct a grid with which these two contributions to illite peak width can be determined independently from measurements of the 001 peak width at half-height and the Środoń intensity ratio. This method yields more information about changes undergone by illite during metamorphism than application of the Kubler index method alone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland","doi":"10.1180/claymin.1989.024.4.01","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., and Velde, B., 1989, Beyond the Kubler index: Clay Minerals, v. 24, no. 4, p. 571-577, https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1989.024.4.01.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"577","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d2e4b0c8380cd4a925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velde, B.","contributorId":41600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velde","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}