{"pageNumber":"4574","pageRowStart":"114325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70015614,"text":"70015614 - 1989 - Significance of new potassium-argon ages from the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations, Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T12:35:18.473736","indexId":"70015614","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of new potassium-argon ages from the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations, Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Exposures of volcanic-sedimentary strata are widely distributed within central Utah. We believe that these volcanic and stratified sedimentary rocks, known by different formational names in different parts of this region, are, in fact, segments of one and the same suite of rocks that formed during the early and middle Tertiary.</p><p>The volcanic-sedimentary complex is exposed on both sides of a north-trending lowland formed by the collinear Juab and Sevier Valleys. West of the lowland, the complex has been named the \"Goldens Ranch Formation\" east of the lowland, it has been called the \"Moroni Formation.\"; Both formations are stratigraphically alike in that each consists of a lower unit composed predominantly of water-laid, variably cemented sediments and sedimentary rocks with some tuff beds near the base, and an upper unit of intermediate-composition volcanic rocks, chiefly ash-flow tuffs, and volcanic breccias. Both formations contain abundant exotic clasts of andesite, tan and purple quartzite, and dark blue limestone and dolomite. Both formations are folded and faulted along with the underlying sedimentary units.</p><p>Potassium-argon ages indicate that both the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations formed during the late Eocene to middle Oligocene. The geochronology and stratigraphic relations are strong evidence that the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations are correlative, and that they are one and the same depositional unit.</p><p>During the latest Oligocene-earliest Miocene, minor monzonitic bodies intruded sedimentary units in the area.</p><p>The new K-Ar data bear on the matter of the origin of the complex structural deformation in central Utah. Different workers have attributed the singular deformation either to recurrent episodes of compression stemming from the Sevier orogeny, or to repeated episodes of salt diapirism. We recognize two sequences of repeated deformation: one that occurred prior to deposition and consolidation of the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations, and a second that occurred after these formations were emplaced, in essence, after early Oligocene time. The Sevier orogeny ended in Paleocene time; thus, the compression and thrusting stemming from the Sevier orogeny could be responsible for the structural complexity that marks pre-Paleocene units. These same orogenic forces do not seem to be viable explanations for the broad flexures and monoclinal downwarps that mark the Goldens Ranch, Moroni, and younger formations. In our view, multiple episodes of salt diapirism more reasonably explain the structural complexity in central Utah.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0534:SONPAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., and Marvin, R.F., 1989, Significance of new potassium-argon ages from the Goldens Ranch and Moroni Formations, Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 4, p. 534-548, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0534:SONPAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.40554338984188,\n              39.776483822588716\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.40554338984188,\n              38.91841705321613\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.26296526484207,\n              38.91841705321613\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.26296526484207,\n              39.776483822588716\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.40554338984188,\n              39.776483822588716\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f1be4b08c986b318d24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, I. J.","contributorId":54221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"I.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, R. F.","contributorId":60597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014992,"text":"70014992 - 1989 - Extraction of terrain features from digital elevation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70014992","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extraction of terrain features from digital elevation models","docAbstract":"Digital elevation models (DEMs) are being used to determine variable inputs for hydrologic models in the Delaware River basin. Recently developed software for analysis of DEMs has been applied to watershed and streamline delineation. The results compare favorably with similar delineations taken from topographic maps. Additionally, output from this software has been used to extract other hydrologic information from the DEM, including flow direction, channel location, and an index describing the slope and shape of a watershed.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., Wolock, D.M., and Ayers, M.A., 1989, Extraction of terrain features from digital elevation models, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 845-850.","startPage":"845","endPage":"850","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e60e4b0c8380cd5340f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015599,"text":"70015599 - 1989 - Basin-scale relations via conditioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015599","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin-scale relations via conditioning","docAbstract":"A rainfall-runoff model is used in conjunction with a probabilistic description of the input to this model to obtain simple regression-like relations for basin runoff in terms of basin and storm characteristics. These relations, similar to those sought in regionalization studies, are computed by evaluating the conditional distribution of model output given basin and storm characteristics. This method of conditioning provides a general way of examining model sensitivity to various components of model input. The resulting relations may be expected to resemble corresponding relations obtained by regionalization using actual runoff to the extent that the rainfall-runoff model and the model input specification are physically realistic. The probabilistic description of model input is an extension of so-called \"random-model\" of channel networks and involves postulating an ensemble of basins and associated probability distributions that mimic the variability of basin characteristics seen in nature. Application is made to small basins in the State of Wyoming. Parameters of the input variable distribution are estimated using data from Wyoming, and basin-scale relations are estimated both, parametrically and nonparametrically using model-generated runoff from simulated basins. Resulting basin-scale relations involving annual flood quantiles are in reasonable agreement with those presented in a previous regionalization study, but error estimates are smaller than those in the previous study, an artifact of the simplicity of the rainfall-runoff model used in this paper. We also obtain relations for peak of the instantaneous unit hydrograph which agree fairly well with theoretical relations given in the literature. Finally, we explore the issues of sensitivity of basin-scale, relations and error estimates to parameterization of the model input probability distribution and of how this sensitivity is related to making inferences about a particular ungaged basin. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01544076","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., Karlinger, M., and Guertin, D., 1989, Basin-scale relations via conditioning: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 111-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076.","startPage":"111","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff0e4b0c8380cd4a519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guertin, D.P.","contributorId":36264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016119,"text":"70016119 - 1989 - Data-collection program for Pamlico River Estuary model calibration and validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016119","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data-collection program for Pamlico River Estuary model calibration and validation","docAbstract":"An investigation is being conducted to collect and interpret continuous records relating to the flow characteristics of the Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina, and to calibrate and validate a numerical model of estuarine hydrodynamics. The study reach is 50 kilometers long and ranges in width from 330 meters at the upstream boundary to 6.4 kilometers at the downstream end. Water levels are recorded at 6 locations along the estuary; daily water-level range is typically greater at the head of the estuary than at the mouth, most likely due to upstream narrowing of the channel. Water-quality data are recorded at 14 locations. These data indicate that saline waters with low dissolved oxygen concentrations move upstream along the bottom of the estuary. Point velocities were monitored for 3 weeks at 7 locations; vertical profiles of horizontal velocity were made at the boundaries of the study reach for about 32 hours. Local tributary inflows and wind speed and direction are also being determined.","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference","conferenceDate":"15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989","conferenceLocation":"Newport, RI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627586","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., 1989, Data-collection program for Pamlico River Estuary model calibration and validation, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference, Newport, RI, USA, 15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989, p. 492-501.","startPage":"492","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdd1e4b0c8380cd4e961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015826,"text":"70015826 - 1989 - Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:17:10.137485","indexId":"70015826","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987","docAbstract":"<p>The M 6.2 Elmore Desert Ranch earthquake of 24 November 1987 was associated spatially and probably temporally with left-lateral surface rupture on many northeast-trending faults in and near the Superstition Hills in western Imperial Valley. Three curving discontinuous principal zones of rupture among these breaks extended northeastward from near the Superstition Hills fault zone as far as 9 km; the maximum observed surface slip, 12.5 cm, was on the northern of the three, the Elmore Ranch fault, at a point near the epicenter. Twelve hours after the Elmore Ranch earthquake, the M 6.6 Superstition Hills earthquake occurred near the northwest end of the right-lateral Superstition Hills fault zone. Surface rupture associated with the second event occurred along three strands of the zone, here named North and South strands of the Superstition Hills fault and the Wienert fault, for 27 km southeastward from the epicenter. In contrast to the left-lateral faulting, which remained unchanged throughout the period of investigation, the right-lateral movement on the Superstition hills fault zone continued to increase with time, a behavior that was similar to other recent historical surface ruptures on northwest-trending faults in the Imperial Valley region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790020252","usgsCitation":"Sharp, R.V., 1989, Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 2, p. 252-281, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790020252.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Superstition Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.38495296678282,\n              33.6537574236756\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38495296678282,\n              32.7043768352229\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.8853191777201,\n              32.7043768352229\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.8853191777201,\n              33.6537574236756\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38495296678282,\n              33.6537574236756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9faae4b08c986b31e772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, R. V.","contributorId":33692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014953,"text":"70014953 - 1989 - High-resolution two dimensional advective transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70014953","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution two dimensional advective transport","docAbstract":"The paper describes a two-dimensional high-resolution scheme for advective transport that is based on a Eulerian-Lagrangian method with a flux limiter. The scheme is applied to the problem of pure-advection of a rotated Gaussian hill and shown to preserve the monotonicity property of the governing conservation law.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Larock, B., 1989, High-resolution two dimensional advective transport, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 1005-1010.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313ce4b0c8380cd5dd4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larock, B.E.","contributorId":82854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larock","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015709,"text":"70015709 - 1989 - Seismic reflection images of the crust of the northern part of the Chugach terrane, Alaska: Results of a survey for the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:38:45.709102","indexId":"70015709","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection images of the crust of the northern part of the Chugach terrane, Alaska: Results of a survey for the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Deep crustal seismic reflection data show strong reflections from the middle and lower crust of the convergent continental margin near the eastern end of the Aleutian trench. These data were collected across the Border Ranges fault system, a major suture zone that separates the Peninsular and Chugach tectonostratigraphic terranes. The Chugach terrane consists of metamorphosed, strongly deformed flysch, subduction melange as well as blueschist- and greenschist-facies rocks. Even so, highly reflective rocks lie at great depth within or beneath this terrane. The shallow part of the seismic section (0–5 s) reveals only a few reflections, which undulate and interweave, indicating that some of them originate outside of the plane of the seismic section. Other undulating events could reveal early Cenozoic granitic plutons or antiformal stacks of rock imbricated along thrust faults. In contrast to this shallow reflection pattern, three reflection bands contain most of the events on the middle part of the seismic section (5–12 s or 12–34 km). We interpret divergent reflections within the uppermost band (5–5.5 s) as gently north dipping thrust faults, and subparallel reflections truncated at the boundaries of the upper and middle bands may image a metamorphic foliation or thrust faults. If the truncated reflections represent thrust faults, then the reflection geometry suggests that subparallel roof and floor thrust faults bound imbricated rocks, forming duplex structures. The upper and middle bands are separated by an area on the seismic section that reveals few reflections. This area correlates approximately in depth with a high velocity (7.5 km/s) layer evident in refraction models. The poorly reflective, high velocity unit might be volcanic rocks like those exposed in the structurally lowest part of the Chugach terrane. If so, then the bottom of the poorly reflective rocks indicates the base of the Chugach terrane. Rocks that cause the upper and middle reflection bands and the intervening, poorly reflective volcanic rocks may form a midcrustal shear zone that is about 10 km thick. The deepest band of subparallel reflections (30–35 km) correlates closely in depth with the top of the Wadati-Benioff zone associated with the underthrusting Pacific plate. The reflections probably stem from the decollement that separates lithospheric plates within the subduction zone. This reflection band increases abruptly in thickness, possibly indicating local underplating of subducted sediment. No events from the oceanic Moho have been recognized. Neither the Border Ranges fault system, the suture between the Chugach and Peninsular terranes, nor deep crustal layers of the Peninsular terrane are evident in these seismic reflection data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB04p04424","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Brocher, T., Nokleberg, W., Plafker, G., and Smith, G., 1989, Seismic reflection images of the crust of the northern part of the Chugach terrane, Alaska: Results of a survey for the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT): Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B4, p. 4424-4440, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04424.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4424","endPage":"4440","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b42e4b08c986b3176e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, G.L.","contributorId":25569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015807,"text":"70015807 - 1989 - Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T06:59:05","indexId":"70015807","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois","docAbstract":"Illinois was free of glacier ice from about 130,000 to 25,000 yr B.P. Deposits of this time interval in northeastern Illinois, represented by core samples from test-hole ISGS S-30, are composed of leached, nonglacigenic, stratified, or pedoturbated silty sediments that typically are organic-rich and pedogenically modified. These deposits overlie the Sangamon Soil, which is identified by its stratigraphic position, soil morphology, and distinct alteration products in the clay-mineral fraction, including a variably swelling vermiculite-like phase and a randomly interstratified kaolinite/10 A?? phase. The regional extent of these deposits suggests that if Altonian ice existed in the Lake Michigan basin, it did not extend westward beyond the cuesta of Silurian dolomite that rims the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(89)90081-1","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., 1989, Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois: Quaternary Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90081-1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266520,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90081-1"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e648e4b0c8380cd472f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015420,"text":"70015420 - 1989 - Morphology and stratigraphy of small barrier-lagoon systems in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T11:05:40.239586","indexId":"70015420","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and stratigraphy of small barrier-lagoon systems in Maine","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The coast of Maine contains over 200 individual barrier-lagoon systems, most quite small, with an aggregate length of nearly 100 km. Although they represent less than 5% of the tidally influenced coastline of Maine, they are widely distributed and occur in a variety of dynamic regimes and physiographic regions. Their morphology and backbarrier stratigraphy are different from better studied coastal plain systems, and provide important clues to the Holocene evolution of the Maine coast. In a study of geomorphic form and backbarrier stratigraphy, inlet processes and Holocene sea-level rise have been identified as the principal controls on coarse-grained barrier stratigraphy.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Barriers in Maine are found in five distinct geomorphic forms, identified herein as: barrier spits, pocket barriers, double tombolos, cuspate barriers and looped barriers. The few long sandy beaches in southwestern Maine are mostly barrier spits. The remainder of the barrier types is composed primarily of gravel or mixed sand and gravel. The barriers protect a variety of backbarrier environments: fresh and brackish ponds, lagoons and fresh- and saltwater marshes. The barriers may or may not have inlets.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Normal wave action, coarse-grain size and a deeply embayed coast result in barriers with steep, reflective profiles several meters above MHW. Occasional storm events completely wash over the barriers, building steep, lobate gravel fans along their landward margin. Few, if any, extensive storm layers are recognized as extending into the distal backbarrier environments, however. During sea-level rise and landward barrier retreat, this abrupt, storm-generated transition zone inters the backbarrier sediments.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Statistical comparisons of barrier morphology, location and backbarrier environment type with backbarrier stratigraphy show that Holocene backbarrier stratigraphy is best predicted by the modern backbarrier environment type. This, in turn, is influenced most by the absence or presence, and long-term stability or instability of a tidal inlet. Geomorphic barrier form and location in coastal geomorphic compartments show little or no correlation with backbarrier stratigraphy. In contrast to previous classifications of barrier-lagoon systems based primarily on sandy, coastal plain examples, in Maine the shape or origin of the backbarrier system is relatively unimportant. The presence or absence of a tidal inlet is of paramount importance in shaping the Holocene stratigraphy of the backbarrier region.</div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(89)90100-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Duffy, W., Belknap, D.F., and Kelley, J.T., 1989, Morphology and stratigraphy of small barrier-lagoon systems in Maine: Marine Geology, v. 88, no. 3-4, p. 243-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90100-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e52e4b0c8380cd70964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, W.","contributorId":49524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015387,"text":"70015387 - 1989 - Mass conservation: 1-D open channel flow equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T17:01:40.420247","indexId":"70015387","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass conservation: 1-D open channel flow equations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Unsteady flow simulation in natural rivers is often complicated by meandering channels of compound section. Hydraulic properties and the length of the wetted channel may vary significantly as a meandering river inundates its adjacent floodplain. The one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel flow equations can be extended to simulate floods in channels of compound section if it is assumed that the lateral velocities are negligible, the water surface is level across the section, and the effects of turbulence and friction may be adequately described by resistance laws used for uniform flow. It is shown that the equations derived from the addition of differential equations individually describing flow in main and overbank channels do not conserve mass when overbank and main channels are of different lengths. Equations derived through the use of appropriate integral relations, however, do conserve mass and momentum in the general case and are not limited to the specification of one main and two overbank channels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1989)115:2(263)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"DeLong, L.L., 1989, Mass conservation: 1-D open channel flow equations: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 115, no. 2, p. 263-269, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1989)115:2(263).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a524ce4b0c8380cd6c2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Lewis L.","contributorId":91146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015743,"text":"70015743 - 1989 - Liquid-vapor relations for the system NaCl-H2O: Summary of the P-T- x surface from 300° to 500°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T16:08:43.440654","indexId":"70015743","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Liquid-vapor relations for the system NaCl-H<sub>2</sub>O: summary of the P-T- x surface from 300° to 500°C","title":"Liquid-vapor relations for the system NaCl-H2O: Summary of the P-T- x surface from 300° to 500°C","docAbstract":"<p>Experimental data on the vapor-liquid equilibrium relations for the system NaCl-H<sub>2</sub>O were compiled and compared in order to provide an improved estimate of the P-T-x surface between 300<span>&deg;</span> to 500<span>&deg;</span>C, a range for which the system changes from subcritical to critical behavior. Data for the three-phase curve (halite + liquid + vapor) and the NaCl-H<sub>2</sub>O critical curve were evaluated, and the best fits for these extrema then were used to guide selection of best fit for isothermal plots for the vapor-liquid region in-between. Smoothing was carried out in an iterative procedure by replotting the best-fit data as isobars and then as isopleths, until an internally consistent set of data was obtained. The results are presented in table form that will have application to theoretical modelling and to the understanding of two-phase behavior in saline geothermal systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.289.3.217","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Pitzer, K.S., 1989, Liquid-vapor relations for the system NaCl-H2O: Summary of the P-T- x surface from 300° to 500°C: American Journal of Science, v. 289, no. 3, p. 217-248, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.289.3.217.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"248","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.289.3.217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4801e4b0c8380cd67b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitzer, Kenneth S.","contributorId":94435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitzer","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015806,"text":"70015806 - 1989 - Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T11:26:49.824903","indexId":"70015806","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459663\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Whitings, drifting clouds of water, milky because of suspended carbonate, have been claimed to originate from either the action of bottom-feeding fish or direct precipitation of calcium carbonate. Five cruises during different seasons were made to the Great Bahama Bank to collect data pertinent to the controversy. Measurements of particulate concentrations average 10 mg/liter with a maximum of 20 mg/liter of carbonate sediment suspended in whiting water, compared with an average of 1.5 mg/liter for clear water outside the whitings. The particles are dominantly acicular aragonite, but Mg calcite composes as much as 20 percent of some whitings. Sedimentation rates, measured with fixed and drifting sediment traps, were as great as 34 g/m<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>/hr. Sediment suspended in whitings aggregated into silt- and sand-size fioccules and settled to the bottom of settling tanks within six hours, even on a rocking ship. Sediment in artificial whitings, created by stirring sediment from the bottom with a shrimp trawl, settled to the bottom in about the same time. Natural whitings, on the other hand, were never observed to dissipate. Because sedimentation from whitings occurs at rates sufficient to cause dissipation of the whitings within six hours, we conclude that the natural whitings are continually replenished by direct precipitation. The search for fish in whitings utilized sidescan sonar and fathometer imaging, shrimp trawls, rotenone, remote video, and direct scuba observation. These methods and 25 years of casual observations leading to this study indicate that fish are not involved in the formation of most Bahamian whitings. Several whitings were found over rocky or sandy bottoms where there was no mud available for fish to suspend. The distance of these whitings from areas of muddy bottom precluded their having been made elsewhere by fish. Stable carbon- and oxygen-isotopic analyses and Delta<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>C activity are interpreted to indicate that the suspended sediment in whitings contains some precipitated calcium carbonate and is not merely bottom sediment stirred into suspension. Estimates indicate that the amount of new carbonate produced in whitings on the Great Bahama Bank is substantially higher than that arising from algal production. Consequently, the amount of sediment transported to deep water may be much greater than previously thought.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8F3A-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Steinen, R., Lidz, B.H., and Swart, P.K., 1989, Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8F3A-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd083e4b08c986b32eecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinen, R.P.","contributorId":26450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinen","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swart, Peter K.","contributorId":96832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swart","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015468,"text":"70015468 - 1989 - Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 μm) mineral spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T09:26:02","indexId":"70015468","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 μm) mineral spectra","docAbstract":"<p>All previously published libraries of infrared mineral spectra are in the form of transmittance. &nbsp;Reflectance spectra are, however, more useful for remote sensing and some&nbsp;potential laboratory applications, such as the use of an infrared microscope for mineral&nbsp;identification on polished sections. This note points out that construction of a new library&nbsp;of infrared (2.1-25.0 <span>&mu;</span>m) mineral spectra is in progress. Both transmittance and reflectance&nbsp;measurements of a selection of 63 different, well-characteized minerals have been published&nbsp;to date. These data are available in both hard copy and digital form.</p>","language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, J.W., Walter, L.S., and Vergo, N., 1989, Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 μm) mineral spectra: American Mineralogist, v. 74, no. 7-8, p. 938-939.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"939","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/msa/collectors_corner/amtoc/toc1989.htm"}],"volume":"74","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef0de4b0c8380cd4a0ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, John W.","contributorId":96420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Louis S.","contributorId":97927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vergo, Norma","contributorId":18394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergo","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015911,"text":"70015911 - 1989 - A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:45:09.551337","indexId":"70015911","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case) horizontal dimensions. This result can be extended to a physical-property model if its behavior in the third (vertical) dimension is defined, either arbitrarily or on the basis of the local geologic situation. The terracing algorithm is computationally fast and appropriate to use with very large digital data sets. Where gravity and magnetic data are both available, terracing provides an effective means by which the two data sets can be compared directly. Results of the terracing operation somewhat resemble those of conventional susceptibility (or density) mapping. In contrast with conventional susceptibility mapping, however, the terraced function is a true step function, which cannot be depicted by means of contour lines. Magnetic or gravity fields calculated from the physical-property model do not, in general, produce an exact fit to the observed data. By intent, the terraced map is more closely analogous to a geologic map in that domains are separated by hard-edged domain boundaries and minor within-domain variation is neglected. The terracing operator was applied separately to aeromagnetic and gravity data from a 136 km X 123 km area in eastern Kansas. Results provide a reasonably good physical representation of both the gravity and the aeromagnetic data. Superposition of the results from the two data sets shows many areas of agreement that can be referenced to geologic features within the buried Precambrian crystalline basement. The emerging picture of basement geology is much better resolved than that obtained either from the scanty available drill data or from interpretation of the geophysical data by inspection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442689","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Cordell, L., and McCafferty, A.E., 1989, A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data: Geophysics, v. 54, no. 5, p. 621-634, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442689.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f5e4b0c8380cd47066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordell, L.","contributorId":84901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015931,"text":"70015931 - 1989 - Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015931","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis","docAbstract":"A challenge encountered with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, which includes data from size reflective spectral bands, is displaying as much information as possible in a three-image set for color compositing or digital analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the six TM bands simultaneously is often used to address this problem. However, two problems that can be encountered using the PCA method are that information of interest might be mathematically mapped to one of the unused components and that a color composite can be difficult to interpret. \"Selective' PCA can be used to minimize both of these problems. The spectral contrast among several spectral regions was mapped for a northern Arizona site using Landsat TM data. Field investigations determined that most of the spectral contrast seen in this area was due to one of the following: the amount of iron and hematite in the soils and rocks, vegetation differences, standing and running water, or the presence of gypsum, which has a higher moisture retention capability than do the surrounding soils and rocks. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P., and Kwarteng, A.Y., 1989, Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 3, p. 339-348.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ae4b0c8380cd533e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwarteng, Andy Y.","contributorId":7423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwarteng","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015918,"text":"70015918 - 1989 - Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015918","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT","docAbstract":"Often the brightness or digital number (DN) range of satellite image data is less than optimal and uses only a portion of the available values (0 to 255) because the range of reflectance values is small. Most imaging systems have been designed with only two gain settings, normal and high. The SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV) imaging system has the capability to collect image data using one of eight different gain settings. With the proper procedure this allows the brightness or reflectance resolution, which is directly related to the range of DN values recorded, to be optimized for any given site as compared to using a single set of gain settings everywhere. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P., 1989, Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 2, p. 195-201.","startPage":"195","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa1e4b08c986b329c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015715,"text":"70015715 - 1989 - Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh area, northern Tibet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:38:28.870026","indexId":"70015715","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh area, northern Tibet","docAbstract":"<p>Within the Ulugh Muztagh area, north central Tibet, an east-west-trending ophiolitic melange marks a suture that apparently was formed during a late Triassic or slightly younger collision between a continental fragment to the south and the rest of Asia. The southern continental fragment carries a thick sequence of upper Triassic sandstone, but the contact between the sandstone and the ophiolitic melange is covered by a younger redbed sequence of unknown age. A suite of 2-mica, tourmaline-bearing leucogranite plutons and dikes intruded the Triassic sandstone at shallow crustal levels 10.5 to 8.4 Ma. These rocks range from granite to tonalite in composition, are geochemically very similar to slightly older High Himalayan leucogranite and are interpreted to have been derived by the partial melting of crustal material. We interpret this to mean that crustal thickening began in this part of the Tibetan plateau at least by 10.5 Ma. Welded rhyolitic tuff rests on a conglomerate that consists of abundant debris from the Ulugh Muztagh intrusive rocks and has yielded Ar Ar ages of about 4 Ma. The tuffs are geochemically identical to the intrusive rocks suggesting that crustal thickening may have continued to 4 Ma. Crustal thickening probably occurred by distributed crustal shortening similar to shortening now occurring north of Ulugh Muztagh along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(89)90083-6","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Burchfiel, B., Molnar, P., Zhao, Z., Liang, K., Wang, S., Huang, M., and Sutter, J., 1989, Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh area, northern Tibet: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 94, no. 1-2, p. 57-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90083-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26b0e4b0c8380cd59294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burchfiel, B.C.","contributorId":30262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchfiel","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnar, P.","contributorId":35075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnar","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Ziyun","contributorId":70929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Ziyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liang, K’uangyi","contributorId":100546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"K’uangyi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Shuji","contributorId":105442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Shuji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huang, Minmin","contributorId":51921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Minmin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutter, J.","contributorId":20083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70015606,"text":"70015606 - 1989 - Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T16:57:48.670765","indexId":"70015606","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface temperatures,&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>s</sub><span>, were estimated for a natural vegetative surface in Owens Valley, California, with infrared thermometric observations collected from an aircraft. The region is quite arid and is composed primarily of bushes (∼30%) and bare soil (∼70%). Application of the bulk transfer equation for the estimation of sensible heat,&nbsp;</span><i>H</i><span>, gave unsatisfactory values when compared to Bowen ratio and eddy correlation methods over a particular site. This was attributed to the inability with existing data to properly evaluate the resistance to heat transfer,&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><sub><i>ah</i></sub><span>. To obtain appropriate&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><sub>ah</sub><span>-values the added resistance to heat transfer,&nbsp;</span><i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup><span>, was allowed to vary although there is both theoretical and experimental evidence that&nbsp;</span><i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for vegetative surfaces can be treated as constant. The present data indicate that for partial canopy cover under arid conditions&nbsp;</span><i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;may be a function of&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;measured radiometrically. The equation determining&nbsp;</span><i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;was simplified and tested over another arid site with good results; however, this had a limited data set (i.e., 6 data points). The dimensionless&nbsp;</span><i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;equation is simplified for use over full canopy cover and is shown to give satisfactory estimates of&nbsp;</span><i>H</i><span>&nbsp;over a fully-grown wheat crop.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(89)90017-8","usgsCitation":"Kustas, W.P., Choudhury, B.J., Moran, M.S., Reginato, R.J., Jackson, R.D., Gay, L.W., and Weaver, H.L., 1989, Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 197-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(89)90017-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc6e4b0c8380cd4f3b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choudhury, B. J.","contributorId":26078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reginato, R. J.","contributorId":20082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reginato","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gay, L. W.","contributorId":53526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gay","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weaver, H. L.","contributorId":58679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70015543,"text":"70015543 - 1989 - A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:16:11","indexId":"70015543","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1985, as part of the EMSLAB Project, Brown University conducted a detailed magnetic variation study of the Oregon Coast Range and Cascades volcanic system along an E-W profile in central Oregon. Comprised of a sequence of 75 remote reference magnetic variation (MV) stations spaced 3-4 km apart, the profile stretched for 225 km from Newport, on the Oregon coast, across the Coast Range, the Willamette Valley, and the High Cascades to a point ??? 50 km east of Santiam Pass. At all of the MV stations, data were collected for short periods (16-100 s), and at 17 of these stations data were also obtained at longer periods (100-1600 s). Data were monitored with a three-component ring core fluxgate magnetometer (Nanotesla), and were recorded with a microcomputer (DEC PDP 11/73) based data acquisition system. A 2-D generalized inversion of the magnetic transfer coefficients over the period range of 16-1600 s indicates four distinct conductors. First, we see the coast effect caused by a large sedimentary wedge offshore. Second, we see the effect of currents flowing in the conductive sediments of the Willamette Valley. Our inversion suggests that the Willamette Valley consists of two electrically distinct features, due perhaps to a horst-like structure imprinted on the valley sediments. Next we note an electric current system centered beneath the High Cascades. This latter feature may be associated with a sediment-filled graben beneath Santiam Pass as suggested by some of the gravity and MT results reported to date. Finally, we detect the presence of a deep conductor at mid-crustal depths which laterally extends westward from beneath the Basin and Range Province, and terminates beneath the western Cascades. One view of this last result is that it appears that modern Basin and Range structure is being imprinted on pre-existing Cascade structure. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Hermance, J., Lusi, S., Slocum, W., Neumann, G., and Green, A., 1989, A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 305-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2.","startPage":"305","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267325,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2"},{"id":224100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e41ee4b0c8380cd4640c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hermance, J.F.","contributorId":59565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermance","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lusi, S.","contributorId":37903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slocum, W.","contributorId":53096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slocum","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neumann, G.A.","contributorId":11767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, A.W. Jr.","contributorId":101007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015506,"text":"70015506 - 1989 - State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:44:52.296119","indexId":"70015506","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"<p><span>Constraints on the current stress regime of the actively extending northern Basin and Range province are provided by deformation data (focal mechanisms and fault slip studies), hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements, borehole elongation (“breakouts”) analyses, and alignment of young volcanic vents. The integrated data indicate significant variations both in principal stress orientations and magnitudes. An approximately E-W least principal stress direction appears to characterize both the eastern and western margins of the Basin and Range province, whereas in the active interior parts of the province extension occurs in response to a least principal stress oriented NW to N60°W. The contrast in stress orientations between the province boundaries and in the interior suggests that along the margins the least principal stress direction may be locally controlled by the generally northerly trending profound lithospheric discontinuities associated with these margins. Active deformation along the southeastern and western province margins is characterized by a combination of strike-slip and normal faulting. Focal mechanisms along northeastern province margin (Wasatch front) and in central Nevada indicate a combination of normal and oblique-normal faulting. Temporal, regional, and depth-dependent variations in the relative magnitudes of the vertical and maximum horizontal stresses can explain much of the observed variations in deformation styles. However, some depth variation in faulting style inferred from focal mechanisms may be apparent and simply a function of the attitude of fault planes being reactivated. Evidence for significant temporal variation (or multiple cycles of variation) in relative stress magnitude comes from the Sierran front-Basin and Range boundary region where recent earthquakes are predominantly strike slip, whereas the profound relative vertical relief across the Sierra frontal fault zone in the last 9–10 m.y. implies a normal faulting stress regime. Using the best data on stress orientation, relative stress magnitudes are constrained from slip vectors of major earthquakes and young fault displacements. Analysis of well-constrained slip vectors in the Owens Valley, California, area indicate that large temporal variations in the magnitude of the approximately N-S oriented maximum horizontal stress are required to explain dominantly dip-slip and strike-slip offsets on subparallel faults. Similar faulting relations are observed throughout much of the boundary zone between the Basin and Range-Sierra Nevada (including the Walker Lane belt). Along the eastern province margin in the Wasatch front area in Utah, available data suggest that the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses may be approximately equal at depths of &lt;4–5 km. Earthquake focal mechanisms in this area suggest more variability in relative magnitude of the two horizontal stresses with depth. Furthermore, superimposed sets of young fault striae along a segment of the Wasatch fault also indicate temporal variations of relative stress magnitudes. Sources of regional and temporal variations in the stress field may be linked to variable shear tractions applied to the base of the brittle crust related to intrusion, thermally induced flow, and the influence of the San Andreas plate boundary. Although difficult to date accurately, the fault slip data suggest that the temporal variations in relative magnitudes stress may occur on the time scale of both a single major earthquake cycle (1000–5000 years) and multiple earthquake cycles (10,000+ years).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07105","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., 1989, State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7105-7128, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07105.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7105","endPage":"7128","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96cfe4b08c986b31b710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015148,"text":"70015148 - 1989 - Deformation of the Eastern Franciscan Belt, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:46:28.877808","indexId":"70015148","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation of the Eastern Franciscan Belt, northern California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The late Jurassic and Cretaceous Eastern Franciscan belt of the northern California Coast Range consists of two multiply deformed, blueschist-facies terranes; the Pickett Peak and Yolla Bolly terranes. Four deformations have been recognized in the Pickett Peak terrane, and three in the Yolla Bolly terrane. The earliest recognized penetrative fabric,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>1</sub>, occurs only in the Pickett Peak terrane. The later penetrative fabrics,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>3</sub>, occur in both the Yolla Bolly and Pickett Peak terranes.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>apparently represent fabrics that formed during subduction and accretion of the terranes. Fabrics from both<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are consistent with SW-NE movement directions with respect to their present geographic positions.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>postdates blueschist-facies metamorphism of the terranes and may be related to emplacement of the terranes to higher structural levels. A broad regional warping,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>4</sub>, is evident from the map pattern and folding of large metamorphosed thrust sheets.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>folds may be related to deformation associated with oblique convergence along the continental margin in late Cretaceous and (or) early Tertiary time.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","largerWorkTitle":"Elsevier","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(89)90016-3","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., and Blake, M., 1989, Deformation of the Eastern Franciscan Belt, northern California: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 375-390, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90016-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe4be4b0c8380cd4ec52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015331,"text":"70015331 - 1989 - Geologic review. Better regulation through interagency cooperation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015331","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic review. Better regulation through interagency cooperation","docAbstract":"The Geologic Review procedure was developed by the Louisiana Geological Survey (LGS) in 1982 for the Louisiana Coastal Management Division. It consists of a thorough review of oil and gas well applications involving impact to environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands. The applicant attends a meeting with a geologist and a petroleum engineer from the LGS who review the relevant geologic, engineering and economic data and make a recommendation as to the technical and economic feasibility of reducing or avoiding environmental impact by either moving the well to a geologically equivalent location, directionally drilling the well, or accessing the proposed location by a different access route or methodology than that proposed.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '89: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J., Rives, J.D., and Soileau, D.M., 1989, Geologic review. Better regulation through interagency cooperation, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 5, no. pt5, Charleston, SC, USA, 11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989, p. 4264-4277.","startPage":"4264","endPage":"4277","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"pt5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21cce4b0c8380cd56ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, John E.","contributorId":38642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rives, James D.","contributorId":30761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rives","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soileau, David M.","contributorId":37078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soileau","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015479,"text":"70015479 - 1989 - Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:21:51","indexId":"70015479","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which may increase winter runoff and decrease spring and summer runoff. Estimates of total annual runoff indicate that a 5 percent increase in precipitation would be needed to counteract runoff decreases resulting from a warming of 2??C; a 15 percent increase for a warming of 4??C. A warming of 2?? to 4??C, without precipitation increases, may cause a 9 to 25 percent decrease in runoff. The general circulation model derived changes in annual runoff ranged from -39 to +9 percent. Results generally agree with those obtained in studies elsewhere. The changes in runoff agree in direction but differ in magnitude. Additional aspects of the subject are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Ayers, M.A., 1989, Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1231-1242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267744,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x"},{"id":223825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"ftp://brrftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/george/wb_mccabe-ayers.pdf"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3613e4b0c8380cd6040e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185834,"text":"70185834 - 1989 - Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:40:10","indexId":"70185834","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5350,"text":"Science Geological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p>Because of the common occurrence of 15 to 25 mole percent hydronium substitution on the alkali site in jarosites, it is necessary to consider the hydronium content of jarosites in any attempt at rigorous evaluation of jarosite solubility or of the saturation state of natural waters with respect to jarosite. A Gibbs free energy of 3293.5±2.1 kJ mol-1 is recommended for a jarosite solid solution of composition K.77Na.03(H3O).20Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6. Solubility determinations for a wider range of natural and synthetic jarosite solid solutions will be necessary to quantify the binary and ternary mixing parameters in the (K-Na-H3O) system. In the absence of such studies, molar volume data for endmember minerals indicate that the K-H3O substitution in jarosite is probably closer to ideal mixing than either the Na-K or Na-H3O substitution. <br><br></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K., and Ball, J., 1989, Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California: Science Geological Bulletin, v. 42, p. 281-298.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"281","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Iron Mountain","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c68574a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015527,"text":"70015527 - 1989 - Crystallization of accessory phases in magmas by local saturation adjacent to phenocrysts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:49:19","indexId":"70015527","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallization of accessory phases in magmas by local saturation adjacent to phenocrysts","docAbstract":"<p>Accessory minerals commonly occur attached to or included in the major crystalline phases of felsic and some intermediate igneous rocks. Apatite is particularly common as inclusions, but Fe-Ti oxides, pyrrhotite, zircon, monazite, chevkinite and xenotime are also known from silicic rocks. Accessories may nucleate near the host crystal/ liquid interface as a result of local saturation owing to formation of a differentiated chemical boundary layer in which accessory mineral solubility would be lower than in the surrounding liquid. Differentiation of this boundary layer would be greatest adjacent to ferromagnesian phenocrysts, especially Fe-Ti oxides; it is with oxides that accessories are most commonly associated in rocks. A boundary layer may develop if the crystal grows more rapidly than diffusion can transport incorporated and rejected elements to and from the phenocryst. Diffusion must dominate over convection as a mode of mass transfer near the advancing crystal/liquid interface in order for a boundary layer to exist. Accumulation of essential structural constituent elements of accessory minerals owing to their slow diffusion in evolved silicate melt also may force local saturation, but this is not a process that applies to all cases. Local saturation is an attractive mechanism for enhancing fractionation during crystallization differentiation. If accessory minerals attached to or included in phenocrysts formed because of local saturation, their host phenocrysts must have grown rapidly when accessories nucleated in comparison to lifetimes of magma reservoirs. Some inconsistencies remain in a local saturation origin for accessory phases that cannot be evaluated without additional information.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90210-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., 1989, Crystallization of accessory phases in magmas by local saturation adjacent to phenocrysts: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1055-1066, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90210-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd02e4b0c8380cd4e594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}