{"pageNumber":"4574","pageRowStart":"114325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":166005,"records":[{"id":70039035,"text":"70039035 - 1984 - United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1983","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70179651,"text":"70179651 - 1984 - Flooding: A unique year","indexId":"70179651","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Flooding: A unique year"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70039035,"text":"70039035 - 1984 - United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1983","indexId":"70039035","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1983"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T16:18:53","indexId":"70039035","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:58:51","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":392,"text":"Yearbook","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1983","docAbstract":"The fiscal year 1983 Yearbook summarizes the activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in response to its scientific and regulatory missions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039035","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1983: Yearbook, vi, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039035.","productDescription":"vi, 113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261275,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039035/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"41.50 mb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc93e4b08c986b328cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000656,"text":"70000656 - 1984 - Submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Gottero Sandstone, Ligurian Apennines, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000656","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Gottero Sandstone, Ligurian Apennines, Italy","docAbstract":"The Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Gottero Sandstone was deposited as a small deep-sea fan on ophiolitic crust in a trench-slope basin. It was thrust northeastward as an allochthonous sheet in Early and Middle Cenozoic time. The Gottero, as thick as 1500 m, was probably derived from erosion of Hercynian granites and associated metamorphic rocks in northern Corsica. Outcrops of inner-fan channel, middle-fan channel and interchannel, outer-fan lobe, fan-fringe, and basin-plain facies associations indicate that the depositional model of Mutti and Ricci Lucchi for mixed-sediment deep-sea fans can be used. The original fan had a radius of 30 to 50 km. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462467","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., and Abbate, E., 1984, Submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Gottero Sandstone, Ligurian Apennines, Italy: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 193-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462467.","startPage":"193","endPage":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462467"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbate, E.","contributorId":50274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbate","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000655,"text":"70000655 - 1984 - Submarine-fan facies associations of the Eocene Butano Sandstone, Santa Cruz mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000655","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine-fan facies associations of the Eocene Butano Sandstone, Santa Cruz mountains, California","docAbstract":"The Eocene Butano Sandstone was deposited as a submarine fan in a relatively small, partly restricted basin in a borderland setting. It is possibly as thick as 3000 m and was derived from erosion of nearly Mesozoic granitic and older metamorphic rocks located to the south. Deposition was at lower bathyal to abyssal water depths. The original fan may have been 120-to 160-km long and 80-km wide. Outcrops of submarine-canyon, innerfan, middle-fan, and outer-fan facies associations indicate that the depositional model of Mutti and Ricci Lucchi can be used to describe the Butano Sandstone. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462463","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., 1984, Submarine-fan facies associations of the Eocene Butano Sandstone, Santa Cruz mountains, California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 167-171, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462463.","startPage":"167","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462463"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000657,"text":"70000657 - 1984 - Monterey Fan: Growth pattern control by basin morphology and changing sea levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monterey Fan: Growth pattern control by basin morphology and changing sea levels","docAbstract":"Monterey Fan is the largest modern fan off the California shore. Two main submarine canyon systems feed it via a complex pattern of fan valleys and channels. The northern Ascension Canyon system is relatively inactive during high sea-level periods. In contrast, Monterey Canyon and its tributaries to the south cut across the shelf and remain active during high sea level. Deposition on the upper fan is controlled primarily by the relative activity within these two canyon systems. Deposition over the rest of the fan is controlled by the oceanic crust topography, resulting in an irregular fan shape and periodic major shifts in the locus of deposition. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462453","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Gutmacher, C., Chase, T.E., and Wilde, P., 1984, Monterey Fan: Growth pattern control by basin morphology and changing sea levels: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462453.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462453"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutmacher, C. E.","contributorId":45284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, T. E.","contributorId":14784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilde, P.","contributorId":61885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000654,"text":"70000654 - 1984 - Ferrelo fan, California: Depositional system influenced by Eustatic sea level changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000654","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferrelo fan, California: Depositional system influenced by Eustatic sea level changes","docAbstract":"Remnants of an Eocene fan system are preserved onshore at San Diego and in the central part of the southern California borderland. Even though faults and erosion have truncated its margins, geophysical data and exploratory wells indicate that remaining parts of the fan extend beneath an offshore area nearly 400-km long and 40- to 100-km wide. Environments representing fluvial, fan-delta, shelf-channel, overlapping inner- to outer-fan, and basin-plain facies are recognized or inferred. Three progradational cycles onshore and two distinct pulses of sand accumulation offshore are attributable to eustatic low sea-level stands rather than to tectonic uplift or shifts in depositional patterns. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462466","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Howell, D.G., and Vedder, J.G., 1984, Ferrelo fan, California: Depositional system influenced by Eustatic sea level changes: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 187-192, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462466.","startPage":"187","endPage":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462466"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vedder, J. G.","contributorId":97873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vedder","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000648,"text":"70000648 - 1984 - Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000648","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems","docAbstract":"To help understand factors that influence submarine fan deposition, we outline some of the principal sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls involved in deep-water sedimentation, give some data on the rates at which they operate, and evaluate their probable effects. Three depositional end-member systems, two submarine fan types (elongate and radial), and a third nonfan, slope-apron system result primarily from variations in sediment type and supply. Tectonic setting and local and global sea-level changes further modify the nature of fan growth, the distribution of facies, and the resulting vertical stratigraphic sequences. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462448","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Stow, D., Howell, D.G., and Nelson, C., 1984, Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462448.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462448"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000652,"text":"70000652 - 1984 - The Laurentian Fan: Sohm Abyssal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000652","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Laurentian Fan: Sohm Abyssal Plain","docAbstract":"The 0.5- to 2-km thick Quaternary Laurentian Fan is built over Tertiary and Mesozoic sediments that rest on oceanic crust. Two 400-km long fan valleys, with asymmetric levees up to 700-m high, lead to an equally long, sandy, lobate basin plain (northern Sohm Abyssal Plain). The muddy distal Sohm Abyssal Plain is a further 400-km long. The sediment supplied to the fan is glacial in origin, and in part results from seismically triggered slumping on the upper continental slope. Sandy turbidity currents, such as the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake event, probably erode the fan-valley floors; but thick muddy turbidity currents build up the high levees. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462459","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., Stow, D., and Normark, W.R., 1984, The Laurentian Fan: Sohm Abyssal Plain: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462459.","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462459"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000641,"text":"70000641 - 1984 - Navy Fan, California Borderland: Growth pattern and depositional processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000641","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Navy Fan, California Borderland: Growth pattern and depositional processes","docAbstract":"Navy Fan is a Late Pleistocene sand-rich fan prograding into an irregularly shaped basin in the southern California Borderland. The middle fan, characterized by one active and two abandoned 'distributary' channels and associated lobe deposits, at present onlaps part of the basin slope directly opposite from the upper-fan valley, thus dividing the lower-fan/basin-plain regions into two separate parts of different depths. Fine-scale mesotopographic relief on the fan surface and correlation of individual turbidite beds through nearly 40 cores on the middle and lower fan provide data for evaluating the Late Pleistocene and Holocene depositional processes. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462454","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., and Piper, D., 1984, Navy Fan, California Borderland: Growth pattern and depositional processes: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 101-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462454.","startPage":"101","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462454"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000644,"text":"70000644 - 1984 - Aftermath of comfan-Comments, not solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000644","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftermath of comfan-Comments, not solutions","docAbstract":"Comparison of descriptions of fans in this volume demonstrates the major problems in developing general models that incorporate modern fans and ancient turbidite sequences. Attempts to develop a unifying fan model are presently premature. The most pressing need is refined definition of the primary common characteristics of submarine turbidite systems such as fans. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462472","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., and Barnes, N., 1984, Aftermath of comfan-Comments, not solutions: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 223-224, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462472.","startPage":"223","endPage":"224","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462472"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db6898ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, N.E.","contributorId":15322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000640,"text":"70000640 - 1984 - Trench-fill submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous Chugach terrane, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000640","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trench-fill submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous Chugach terrane, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Turbidites of the Upper Cretaceous Chugach terrane of southern Alaska were deposited in a trench during northward-directed subduction. The fault-bounded outcrop belt of the Chugach terrane is about 2000-km long and 100-km wide and was accreted to Alaska during the Cenozoic. Turbidites are at least 5000 m thick, are extensively deformed, have been regionally metamorphosed, and have been intruded by anatectic granites. Facies associations indicate an east-to-west progression from inner-fan to middle-fan, outer-fan, fan-fringe, and basin-plain deposits. To the north is a marginal trench-slope facies association and a basin. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462465","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., 1984, Trench-fill submarine-fan facies associations of the Upper Cretaceous Chugach terrane, southern Alaska: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 179-185, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462465.","startPage":"179","endPage":"185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462465"},{"id":203625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000649,"text":"70000649 - 1984 - Fouling community of the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida, 1980-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T15:59:41.492127","indexId":"70000649","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fouling community of the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida, 1980-81","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monthly growth of the fouling community at eight test panel sites in the Loxahatchee River Estuary was related to salinity and temperature. Growth was lowest in January 1981 (averaging 23 g per m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, dry weight), and increased during spring and early summer with increasing water temperature. Maximum growth occurred during early or midsummer at upstream locations, before river or canal discharge substantially reduced salinity, and in late summer at downstream locations. Growth was greatest at salinities slightly less than that of seawater and decreased at salinities less than about 10‰. Growth was suppressed throughout the estuary in August 1981, probably because of the sudden decrease in temperature and salinity, and perhaps the increase in physical scouring, caused by runoff from Tropical Storm Dennis. Large loads of nutrients transported to the estuary from storm runoff, however, may have subsequently stimulated growth, which increased in September 1981 to the maximum for the year (averaging 683 g per m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, dry weight).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1351769","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., Sonntag, W.H., and Sabanskas, M., 1984, Fouling community of the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida, 1980-81: Estuaries, v. 7, no. 2, p. 149-157, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351769.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Loxahatchee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": 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F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonntag, W. H.","contributorId":106127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonntag","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabanskas, M.","contributorId":107405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabanskas","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000650,"text":"70000650 - 1984 - The Crati Submarine Fan, Ionian Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Crati Submarine Fan, Ionian Sea","docAbstract":"The Crati Fan is located in the tectonically active submerged extension of the Apennines chain and foretrough. The small fan system is growing in a relatively shallow (200 to 450 m), elongate nearshore basin receiving abundant input from the Crati River. The fan is characterized by a short, steep, channelized section (inner or upper fan) and a smooth, slightly bulging distal section (outer or lower fan). The numerous subparallel channels head in the shelf or littoral zone and do not form branching distributary patterns. Sand and mud depositional lobes of the outer fan stretch over more than 60% of fan length. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462450","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Lucchi, F., Colella, A., Gabbianelli, G., Rossi, S., and Normark, W.R., 1984, The Crati Submarine Fan, Ionian Sea: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462450.","startPage":"71","endPage":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462450"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchi, F.R.","contributorId":102988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchi","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colella, A.","contributorId":24074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colella","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gabbianelli, G.","contributorId":53925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabbianelli","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rossi, S.","contributorId":96812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000651,"text":"70000651 - 1984 - Specific-lon electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000651","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specific-lon electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters","docAbstract":"Measurements of low-level dissolved-sulfide concentrations in estuarine water from San Francisco Bay have been made using the sulfide-specific electrode after preservation, separation, and preconcentration of the sulfide species. The separation and preconcentration were acheived by coprecipitation of ZnS with Zn(OH)2 followed by collection and dissolution of the precipitate, giving concentration factors up to 160-fold Preconcentration provided sulfide solutions that were adequately measurable within the practical working range of the specific-ion electrode The sulfide detection limit with the preconcentration step is 0 02 ??g/l Spike recoveries in the range of 81 to 10 1% have been achieved for laboratory-prepared samples having S2- concentrations as low as 0 6 ??g/l and 84 to 100% for an estuarine sample spiked in the field with 2 ??g/l (S(-II) Positive correlations have been found between dissolved S(-II) concentrations and concentrations of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni, negative correlations have been found between bisulfide (HS-) activity and activities of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ species ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02509914","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Vivit, D., Ball, J., and Jenne, E., 1984, Specific-lon electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 6, no. 2, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509914.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02509914"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenne, E. A.","contributorId":45716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenne","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000643,"text":"70000643 - 1984 - Miocene Blanca Fan, Northern Channel Islands, California: Small fans reflecting tectonism and volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000643","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene Blanca Fan, Northern Channel Islands, California: Small fans reflecting tectonism and volcanism","docAbstract":"Blanca fan is a submarine fan composed of Miocene volcaniclastic strata. Parts of the fan system are exposed on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands, and possibly correlative strata crop out on San Miguel and Santa Catalina Islands. The Blanca fan and underlying breccia reflect regional transcurrent faulting in the California Continental Borderland and development of a system of rapidly subsiding basins and uplifted linear ridges during early and middle Miocene time. Erosion of uplifted crystalline basement rocks followed by the onset of silicic volcanism created linear sediment sources for the alluvial and submarine fans, respectively. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462462","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"McLean, H., and Howell, D.G., 1984, Miocene Blanca Fan, Northern Channel Islands, California: Small fans reflecting tectonism and volcanism: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462462.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462462"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, H.","contributorId":11212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000635,"text":"70000635 - 1984 - Defining geologic Hazards for natural resources management using tree-ring analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000635","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining geologic Hazards for natural resources management using tree-ring analysis","docAbstract":"Landslides, avalanches, floods, and other geologic hazards impair natural resources management by jeopardizing public safety, damaging or restricting resource utilization, and necessitating expenditures for corrective measures The negative impact of geologic hazard events can be reduced by tailoring resources management to hazard potential of an area This requires assessment of where and how frequently the events occur National forests and other managed wildlands often lack monitoring or historical records to compute frequency of hazard occurrence Tree-ring analysis, based on internal growth response to external events such as tilting and abrasion, can provide frequency data Two examples of the use of tree-ring analysis to date landslide activity illustrate advantages and limitations of the technique An example from the Fishlake National Forest in central Utah illustrates assessment for planning purposes An example from the Sierra National Forest in east-central California shows assessment applied to project design Many geologic hazards in addition to landslides are suited to tree-ring analysis to establish frequency of occurrence Hazard reduction efforts in natural resources management could be enhanced by careful application of tree-ring analysis ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02509908","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"DeGraff, J., and Agard, S., 1984, Defining geologic Hazards for natural resources management using tree-ring analysis: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 6, no. 3, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509908.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02509908"},{"id":203306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67253f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGraff, J.V.","contributorId":57999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGraff","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agard, S.S.","contributorId":28668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agard","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000646,"text":"70000646 - 1984 - Delgada Fan: Preliminary interpretation of channel development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000646","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delgada Fan: Preliminary interpretation of channel development","docAbstract":"The Delgada Fan, an irregularly shaped turbidite deposit extending more than 350 km offshore from northern California, consists of two large leveed-valley units each fed by a separate complex of coalescing submarine canyons and slope gullies. Although the leveed-valley units head within 25 km of each other, both appear to have developed independently during fan growth. The larger southern leveed-valley system has not developed middle-fan distributary channels and appears to illustrate a period of progressive valley abandonment. Although the lower-fan area is underlain by sandy sediments, little sand has been recovered in piston cores from the leveed-valley unit. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462451","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., and Gutmacher, C., 1984, Delgada Fan: Preliminary interpretation of channel development: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462451.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462451"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutmacher, C. E.","contributorId":45284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221899,"text":"5221899 - 1984 - Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-06T17:21:59.947897","indexId":"5221899","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Eighteen pairs of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three different colonies laid second clutches while still feeding young from their first broods. Seven clutches were laid before the chicks from the first brood fledged, and 11 were laid after the chicks from the first brood fledged. In each case, parents alternately fed chicks from the first brood and incubated the second clutch. Sixteen of the 18 clutches disappeared, were addled, or were deserted. Young hatched from the two other second clutches, but all chicks died or disappeared 2-4 days after hatching. We suggest that a second clutch, laid before chicks from the first brood fledged, probably results from a physiological miscue associated with chick loss from the first brood and stimulated by an unusual surplus of food. Conversely, when laid after chicks from the first brood fledge, a second clutch might function as insurance, permitting a pair to raise young late in the season if chicks from the first brood are lost. In either case, parents must partition care between eggs and chicks from the second clutch and fledged chicks from the first brood. Accordingly, the successful fledging of chicks from two broods in a single season is unlikely unless exceptionally favorable conditions occur.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/101.2.281","usgsCitation":"Wiggins, D., Morris, R., Nisbet, I., and Custer, T., 1984, Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns: The Auk, v. 101, no. 2, p. 281-287, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/101.2.281.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6960c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiggins, D.A.","contributorId":42318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiggins","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, R.D.","contributorId":39487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223356,"text":"5223356 - 1984 - Field and laboratory evaluation of the influence of copper-diquat on apple snails in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:54:04","indexId":"5223356","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory evaluation of the influence of copper-diquat on apple snails in southern Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The recent decline of apple snail (<i>Pomacea paludosa</i>) populations in canals surrounding Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge in southern Florida coincided with the use of copper-diquat for the control of the aquatic weed hydrilla (<i>Hydrilla verticillata</i>). Field and laboratory studies were designed to assess the effects of copper-diquat on apple snails, which are the primary food of the endangered snail kite <i>Rostrhamus sociabilis</i> (formerly known as the Everglade kite). Acute toxicities (96-h LC<sub>50</sub> values) of Cutrine-Plus and Komeen (chelated formulations of copper) to immature apple snails were 22 and 24 μg/L, respectively. Diquat was toxic at a concentration of 1,800 μg/L and did not increase the toxicity of copper when the chemicals were used in combination. Evaluation of field samples indicated that copper concentrations were higher in detritus than in water, plants and mud, and that there was a gradient of copper concentration from the canal to the interior, the highest residues being in samples from the canal. Copper associated with detritus (up to 150 μg/g) had no effect on growth or survival of apple snails in field cage and tank studies. Also, field applications of copper-diquat to hydrilla had no effect on survival of caged adult and immature snails. Copper from field applications was rapidly taken out of solution by plants and organic material in the water and subsequently incorporated into the bottom detritus. Although the effects of repeated applications of copper-diquat and high body burdens of copper (accumulated during exposure to herbicidal treatment) on survival and reproduction of apple snails are not known, the information available indicates that treatment of hydrilla with copper-diquat was probably not responsible for the decline in the apple snail population. Application at recommended rates should pose no threat to these snails in the organically rich waters of southern Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620030306","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., Imlay, M., McMillan, W., Martin, T., Takekawa, J.E., and Johnson, W., 1984, Field and laboratory evaluation of the influence of copper-diquat on apple snails in southern Florida: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 3, no. 3, p. 409-424, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620030306.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imlay, M.J.","contributorId":44637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMillan, W.E.","contributorId":106606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, T.W.","contributorId":82422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, W.W.","contributorId":20032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223355,"text":"5223355 - 1984 - Residues of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals in biota from Apalachicola River, Florida, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:39:24.933335","indexId":"5223355","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2533,"text":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals in biota from Apalachicola River, Florida, 1978","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seventy-seven composite samples composed of largemouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>), channel catfish (</span><i>Ictaluras punctatus</i><span>), threadfin shad (</span><i>Dorosoma petenense</i><span>), Asiatic clam (</span><i>Corbicula fluminea</i><span>), burrowing mayfly (</span><i>Hexagenia</i><span>&nbsp;sp.), water snake (</span><i>Natrix</i><span>&nbsp;spp.), and little green heron (</span><i>Butorides virescens</i><span>) were collected from upper and lower reaches of the Apalachicola River, Florida, in 1978 for residue analysis of organochlorine insecticides, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and metals. Compared with data from the National Pesticide Monitoring Program and criteria recommended for the protection of aquatic life, residue concentrations were moderately high in the Apalachicola River. Biota from the upper river generally had higher organic and lower metal residues than those from the lower river. Highest residues in the biota were total DDT, total PCBs, and toxaphene. Although individual mean concentrations were below 2 μg/g and total organic contaminant residues never exceeded 5 μg/g, residue concentrations of DDT, PCBs, and toxaphene (particularly from the upper river) exceeded recommended permissible levels for the protection of aquatic life. Metal residues were generally below 1 μg/g. Exceptions were arsenic residues in threadfin shad (1.07 μg/g) and Asiatic clams (1.75 μg/g), and selenium in eggs of channel catfish (1.39 μg/g). The residues observed in the biota, particularly from the upper station, indicated moderate contamination of the Apalachicola River system at the time samples were collected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/67.2.325","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., Sieckman, C., May, T., and Johnson, W., 1984, Residues of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals in biota from Apalachicola River, Florida, 1978: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 67, p. 325-333, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/67.2.325.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/67.2.325","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sieckman, C.","contributorId":16130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieckman","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, W.W.","contributorId":20032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221905,"text":"5221905 - 1984 - DDE in birds: Lethal residues and loss rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:55:38.385834","indexId":"5221905","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE in birds: Lethal residues and loss rates","docAbstract":"<p>Lethal brain residues of DDE<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were determined experimentally in four species of wild birds given dietary dosage of 1,500 ppm DDE until one-half had died, then sacrificing the survivors, chemically analyzing the tissues, and comparing results in dead birds and survivors. In all species, residues of 300 to 400 ppm of DDE in the brain were considered to show increasing likelihood of death from DDE, confirming results of an earlier study with a single species. Body residues (ppm wet weight) were not diagnostic, overlapping grossly in dead birds and survivors, but averaging higher in survivors. Body residues (ppm lipid base), however, were higher in dead birds and did not overlap those in survivors.</p><p>Loss rate was followed in grackles fed 1,500 ppm DDE for 7 days, then given untreated feed and sacrificed at intervals of 7, 28, 56, and 112 days. DDE was lost slowly from the bodies, at a rate of 0.30% per day (estimated half-life 229 days). DDE was lost more rapidly from brains, half of the initial concentration being reached in 25 days; concentrations in brains increased thereafter in close correlation with percentage of fat in the body.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055640","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Stickel, L.F., Dyrland, R.A., and Hughes, D.L., 1984, DDE in birds: Lethal residues and loss rates: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055640.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, William H.","contributorId":178252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stickel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyrland, R. A.","contributorId":102164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyrland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Donald L.","contributorId":41899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221904,"text":"5221904 - 1984 - Comparison of methods of preserving tissues for pesticide analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:47:25.661354","indexId":"5221904","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods of preserving tissues for pesticide analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Formalin preservation, freezing, spoiling followed by freezing, and phenoxyethanol were compared in terms of concentrations of DDT, DDD, DDE, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide measured in brain, liver and carcass of birds fed dietary dosages of pesticides and in spiked egg homogenate. Phenoxyethanol proved to be an unsatisfactory preservative; the amount of ‘extractable lipid’ was excessive, and measurements of concentrations in replicates were erratic. Concentrations of residues in formalin-preserved and frozen samples did not differ significantly in any tissue. Percentage lipid in brains and eggs, however, were significantly lower in formalin-preserved samples. Samples of muscle and liver that had been spoiled before freezing yielded less DDD, and muscle samples yielded more DDT than formalin-preserved samples. We conclude that formalin preservation is a satisfactory method for preservation of field samples and that the warming and spoiling of samples that may occur unavoidably in the field will not result in misleading analytical results.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00398780","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Stickel, L., Dyrland, R.A., and Hughes, D., 1984, Comparison of methods of preserving tissues for pesticide analysis: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 4, no. 2, p. 113-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398780.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyrland, R. A.","contributorId":102164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyrland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, D.L.","contributorId":85675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221901,"text":"5221901 - 1984 - Sight record of band-rumped storm-petrel off the coast of Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T13:32:26.987701","indexId":"5221901","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1668,"text":"Florida Field Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sight record of band-rumped storm-petrel off the coast of Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Langridge, H., and Trotsky, T., 1984, Sight record of band-rumped storm-petrel off the coast of Palm Beach County, Florida: Florida Field Naturalist, v. 12, no. 1, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/134019"},{"id":197145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.12439892798696,\n              26.913909020530625\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.12439892798696,\n              26.29166255998574\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.49052898183002,\n              26.29166255998574\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.49052898183002,\n              26.913909020530625\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.12439892798696,\n              26.913909020530625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langridge, H.P.","contributorId":53057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langridge","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trotsky, T.","contributorId":13336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trotsky","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221909,"text":"5221909 - 1984 - Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:52:55.553468","indexId":"5221909","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Aroclor 1254<sup>®</sup> residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","title":"Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","docAbstract":"<p>Lethal residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined experimentally in four species of wild birds given dietary dosage of 1,500 ppm of Aroclor 1254<sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>until one-half had died, sacrificing the survivors, chemically analyzing the tissues, and comparing results in dead birds and survivors. For all species, residues of 310 ppm or higher in the brain showed increasing likelihood of death from PCB poisoning. Residues in dead birds did not differ among species except for starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>), which averaged slightly lower than the others. However, the species differed in the length of time to 50% mortality and in the levels of PCBs in brains at sacrifice.</p><p>Concentrations in bodies and livers were not diagnostic when expressed on a wet weight basis. On a lipid basis, however, concentrations of PCBs in bodies of dead birds were higher than in sacrificed birds, but in both groups residues increased with time, suggesting that overlapping values could be expected.</p><p>Loss rates were followed in grackles (<i>Quiscalus quiscula</i>) fed 1,500 ppm PCBs for 8 days, then given untreated feed and sacrificed at intervals of 7, 28, 56, 112, and 224 days. PCB residues were lost from bodies at somewhat irregular rates; overall, the rate was estimated at 0.77% per day (half-life 89 days). Residues in brains generally were related to the percentage of body fat, but also showed a somewhat irregular pattern.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055641","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Stickel, L.F., Dyrland, R.A., and Hughes, D.L., 1984, Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055641.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, William H.","contributorId":178252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stickel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyrland, R. A.","contributorId":102164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyrland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Donald L.","contributorId":41899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221518,"text":"5221518 - 1984 - Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T18:11:24","indexId":"5221518","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Audobon Society","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Sakai, H., and Scott, J.M., 1984, Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii: 'Elepaio, v. 45, no. 3.","startPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakai, H.F.","contributorId":25263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221916,"text":"5221916 - 1984 - Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:00:29.314462","indexId":"5221916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion","docAbstract":"<p>(1) Breeding red-winged blackbirds were used as a model to study the effects of a single application of an organophosphate insecticide, fenthion, on reproduction of altricial songbirds.</p><p>(2) The insecticide had no significant effect on frequency of nest abandonment, clutch size, hatching success, or fledgling success.</p><p>(3) Growth rates of young nestlings were lower in nests on one of two treated areas, but overall growth rates of survivors were not significantly different from controls in nests on nearby unsprayed areas.</p><p>(4) The insecticide had no measured effect on male spatial organization.</p><p>(5) Measures of abundance of the principal nestling food item, noctuid larvae, showed that one application of the insecticide significantly reduced the abundance of the food supply, but the reduction of food supply did not result in a decrease in nestling growth rates or fledgling success.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/2403038","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Powell, G., 1984, Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.2307/2403038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Albany County","city":"Laramie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.48660278320312,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.48660278320312,\n              41.33454482366021\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.33454482366021\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7489013671875,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cc08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, G.V.N.","contributorId":23894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"G.V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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