The Silent Canyon volcanic center consists of a buried Miocene peralkaline caldera complex and outlying peralkaline lava domes. Its location has been corroborated by geophysical data and more than 50 drill holes. Two widespread ash flow sheets, the Tub Spring and overlying Grouse Canyon members of the Miocene Belted Range Tuff, were erupted from the caldera complex and have volumes of 60–100 km3 and 200 km3, respectively. Eruption of the ash flows was preceded by widespread extrusion of precaldera comendite domes and was followed by extrusion of postcollapse peralkaline lavas and tuffs within and outside the caldera complex. Lava flows and tuffs were also deposited between the two major ash flow sheets. Rocks of the Silent Canyon center vary significantly in silica content and peralkalinity. The most mafic rocks are precollapse and postcollapse trachytes (65–69% SiO2). Low-silica comendites (69–73% SiO2) were erupted as the mafic upper part of the chemically zoned Grouse Canyon Member and as postcollapse lavas. The lower part of the Grouse Canyon Member and the underlying rhyolite of Split Ridge are moderately peralkaline comendite (PI is molar ratio Na + K/Al is 1.17–1.26). These comendites have major element characteristics and trace element enrichments approaching those of pantellerites. The Tub Spring Member, by contrast, is a weakly peralkaline chemically unzoned silicic comendite (75–76% SiO2) ash flow tuff. Weakly peralkaline silicic comendites (PI 1.0–1.1) are the most abundant precaldera lavas. Postcollapse lavas range from trachyte to silicic comendite; some have anomalous light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments. Silent Canyon rocks follow a common petrologic evolution from trachyte to low-silica comendite; above 73% SiO2, compositions of the moderately peralkaline comendites diverge from those of the weakly peralkaline silicic comendites. These contrasting differentiation paths are shown in the behavior of Fe and other transition metals, Al, Na, K; the trace elements Ba, Zr, Nb; and probably F and Cl. Weakly peralkaline silicic comendites show a LREE/heavy REE crossover in early erupted/late erupted rocks; moderately peralkaline comendites are enriched in all REE. The development of divergent peralkaline magmas, toward both pantelleritic and weakly peralkaline compositions, is unusual in a single volcanic center.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB05p06021","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D., and Sargent, K.A., 1989, Petrologic evolution of divergent peralkaline magmas from the Silent Canyon caldera complex, southwestern Nevada volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B5, p. 6021-6040, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB05p06021.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6021","endPage":"6040","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7812e4b0c8380cd78619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, K. A.","contributorId":58630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181875,"text":"70181875 - 1989 - Remote characterization of marine bird habitats with satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T16:49:08","indexId":"70181875","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote characterization of marine bird habitats with satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Remote sensing techniques such as radar altimetry, synthetic aperture radar, coastal zone color scanning, and infrared radiometry provide effective, instantaneous, and relatively inexpensive means for characterizing critical habitats of marine birds. In order to make optimal use of satellite-derived data, the rationale for marine habitat classification is presented, and advantages and limitations of different remote sensing techniques are discussed. An application of remote characterization is used to test for short-term habitat use and selection by the Black-Capped Petrel (Pterodroma hasitata). By comparing synoptic satellite mapping (e.g. infrared radiometry) with ship-board censusing, it was possible to demonstrate that petrels did not use all marine habitats equally, nor did petrels use habitats in proportion to their availability (areal extent).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521314","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., 1989, Remote characterization of marine bird habitats with satellite imagery: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 12, no. 1, p. 67-77, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521314.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4254ae4b0c825128ad4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197160,"text":"70197160 - 1989 - Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:52:40","indexId":"70197160","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic study of Permian through Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary strata of the Eastern Klamath terrane has shown the remanent magnetization of many of these rocks to be prefolding and most likely primary. Similarities in magnetic declinations recorded by coeval strata over a broad area are consistent with the hypothesis that the terrane, in general, has behaved as a single rigid block. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the volcanic island arc represented by this terrane, the nucleus of the province, was facing toward the present southwest during late Paleozoic time, although its orientation during earlier periods is unknown. Whether the arc was separated from the North American craton by a small marginal basin or originated far offshore cannot be determined from paleomagnetic data. The declination anomalies for both Permian and Triassic strata are similar (average = 106° ± 12°), so we infer that clockwise rotation of the late Paleozoic arc did not begin until latest Triassic or earliest Jurassic time. The arc may have completed its initial rotation with respect to stable North America by Middle Jurassic time. After some retrograde motion, the arc was again facing west by the Late Jurassic, by which time some of the more westerly terranes of the province had become attached to the Eastern Klamath terrane. The composite Klamath Mountains terranes continued to rotate until the final 60° of clockwise rotation was nearly complete by the Early Cretaceous. Coincidence of the waning stages of rotation, at about 136 Ma, with the beginning of deposition of the basal Great Valley sequence onto the Klamath basement probably represents the completion of accretion of the Klamath Mountains terranes to the North American continent. Nearly all the rotation occurred while the Klamath Mountains terranes were part of a converging oceanic plate, with only about 20° of rotation in mid‐Tertiary time during Basin and Range extension. No data currently available show evidence for any significant latitudinal displacement of any Klamath Mountains terranes relative to cratonic North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB08p10444","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Irwin, W., and Gromme, C.S., 1989, Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B8, p. 10444-10472, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB08p10444.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"10444","endPage":"10472","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff312ae4b0da30c1bfd8b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015985,"text":"70015985 - 1989 - Criteria for a sediment data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015985","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Criteria for a sediment data set","docAbstract":"The transport of sediment through a hydrologic system or basin is an extremely complex phenomenon. Many factors affect this movement. Criteria are established for an 'ultimate' or complete sediment data set, and guidelines are given for the collection of alluvial data. The paper describes what parameters need to be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equation. The criteria address only the collection of data for noncohesive sediment.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627187","usgsCitation":"Glysson, D.G., 1989, Criteria for a sediment data set, Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 675-680.","startPage":"675","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb1e4b0c8380cd4e3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, Douglas G.","contributorId":25296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015986,"text":"70015986 - 1989 - Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in seamount basalts from the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T16:47:28.689097","indexId":"70015986","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in seamount basalts from the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios and their parent/daughter element concentrations for 28 basalts from 10 hotspot and nonhotspot seamounts are reported. Nd and Sr isotopic compositions (143Nd/144Nd = 0.51325–0.51304; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70237–0.70275) plot in the envelope for Juan de Fuca-Gorda ridge basalts with tholeiitic basalts showing more depleted sources and a better negative correlation than transitional to alkalic basalts. Pb isotopic ratios in tholeiitic and alkalic basalts overlap (206Pb/204Pb = 18.29–19.44) and display a trend toward more radiogenic Pb in alkalic basalts. The isotopic data for hotspot and nonhotspot basalts are indistinguishable and correlate broadly with rock composition, implying that they are controlled by partial melting. The isotopic variation in the seamount basalts is about 60% (Nd-Sr) to 100% (Pb) of that in East Pacific Rise basalts and is interpreted as a lower limit for the magnitude of mantle heterogeneity in the northeast Pacific. The data indicate absence of a chemically distinct plume component in the linear seamount chains and strongly suggest an origin from mid-ocean ridge basalt-like east Pacific mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB12p17839","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hegner, E., and Tatsumoto, M., 1989, Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in seamount basalts from the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeast Pacific: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B12, p. 17839-17846, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17839.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"17839","endPage":"17846","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75fce4b0c8380cd77e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hegner, E.","contributorId":32304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegner","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176058,"text":"70176058 - 1989 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1988, with 1934-88 summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T11:45:28","indexId":"70176058","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"48","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1988, with 1934-88 summary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Nalley, G., 1989, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1988, with 1934-88 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 48, 157 p.","productDescription":"157 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef5e4b0f2f0cebe4647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nalley, G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182760,"text":"70182760 - 1989 - Cytopathology and coagulopathy associated with viral erythrocytic necrosis in chum salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:01:39","indexId":"70182760","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytopathology and coagulopathy associated with viral erythrocytic necrosis in chum salmon","docAbstract":"The 8-month cytopathologic progression of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) disease in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta is described. Single to multiple acidophilic, cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies developed first in mature erythrocytes and then, within 1–2 months, all morphologically identifiable hemopoietic cell types contained VEN inclusions. Cytologic analysis indicated that multinucleate giant erythroblasts, ineffective erythropoiesis, and abnormal erythroid cell maturation occurred. A significant increase in blood coagulation time occurred concomitantly. This severe and chronic blood dyscrasia accounts for some of the pathophysiologic sequelae previously observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0255:CACAWV>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacMillian, J.R., Mulcahy, D., and Landolt, M., 1989, Cytopathology and coagulopathy associated with viral erythrocytic necrosis in chum salmon: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 1, no. 4, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0255:CACAWV>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a49e4b01ccd54ff3ffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacMillian, John R.","contributorId":152373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacMillian","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.","contributorId":82642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landolt, M.L.","contributorId":73148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landolt","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015475,"text":"70015475 - 1989 - Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:27:27.377384","indexId":"70015475","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes","docAbstract":"The teleseismic long-period waveforms recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network from the two largest Superstition Hills earthquakes are inverted using an algorithm based on optimal filter theory. These solutions differ slightly from those published in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters Monthly Listing because a somewhat different, improved data set was used in the inversions and a time-dependent moment-tensor algorithm was used to investigate the complexity of the main shock. The foreshock (origin time 01:54:14.5, mb 5.7, Ms 6.2) had a scalar moment of 2.3 × 1025 dyne-cm, a depth of 8 km, and a mechanism of strike 217°, dip 79°, rake 4°. The main shock (origin time 13:15:56.4, mb 6.0, Ms 6.6) was a complex event, consisting of at least two subevents, with a combined scalar moment of 1.0 × 1026 dyne-cm, a depth of 10 km, and a mechanism of strike 303°, dip 89°, rake −180°.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790020493","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., 1989, Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 2, p. 493-499, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790020493.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3536423735327,\n 33.338181461800986\n ],\n [\n -116.3536423735327,\n 32.49432335077522\n ],\n [\n -114.88696756884505,\n 32.49432335077522\n ],\n [\n -114.88696756884505,\n 33.338181461800986\n ],\n [\n -116.3536423735327,\n 33.338181461800986\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d4ee4b0c8380cd702cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015788,"text":"70015788 - 1989 - Spatial patterns of aftershocks of shallow focus earthquakes in California and implications for deep focus earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:34:41.248192","indexId":"70015788","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of aftershocks of shallow focus earthquakes in California and implications for deep focus earthquakes","docAbstract":"Previous workers have pioneered statistical techniques to study the spatial distribution of aftershocks with respect to the focal mechanism of the main shock. Application of these techniques to deep focus earthquakes failed to show clustering of aftershocks near the nodal planes of the main shocks. To better understand the behavior of these statistics, this study applies them to the aftershocks of six large shallow focus earthquakes in California (August 6, 1979, Coyote Lake; May 2, 1983, Coalinga; April 24, 1984, Morgan Hill; August 4, 1985, Kettleman Hills; July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs; and October 1, 1987, Whittier Narrows). The large number of aftershocks accurately located by dense local networks allows us to treat these aftershock sequences individually instead of combining them, as was done for the deep earthquakes. The results for individual sequences show significant clustering about the closest nodal plane and the strike direction for five of the sequences and about the presumed fault plane for all six sequences. This implies that the previously developed method does work properly. Nonrandom behavior was also found about the slip directions, the P axis, the T axis, and the B axis, but this is probably caused by the lack of independence between these axes and the previously mentioned features of the focal mechanisms. Given that the method does work and that deep aftershocks were not shown to cluster about the main shock nodal planes, the shallow focus data were used to simulate the deep focus study. The goal is to determine if there are artificial factors that make clustering in the deep focus data unobservable. To more closely mimic the work on deep earthquakes, the largest aftershocks from each of the six sequences were combined and studied with respect to their respective main shock focal mechanisms. This reduced the significance of the clustering about the focal mechanism parameters, but not below 95% confidence. Gaussian noise was then added to the aftershock hypocenters in order to determine if the larger hypocentral and focal mechanism errors in the deep focus data could account for the previous negative result. The conclusion is that the following reasons are sufficient to explain the lack of clustering about the main shock nodal planes for the deep focus aftershocks: the need to combine aftershocks from several sequences, the size of the hypocentral location and focal mechanism errors, and the alignment of distant aftershocks with the Wadati-Benioff zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB05p05615","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 1989, Spatial patterns of aftershocks of shallow focus earthquakes in California and implications for deep focus earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B5, p. 5615-5626, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB05p05615.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5615","endPage":"5626","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9499e4b08c986b31ab9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162687,"text":"70162687 - 1989 - New fault picture points toward San Francisco Bay area earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T15:08:30","indexId":"70162687","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New fault picture points toward San Francisco Bay area earthquakes","docAbstract":"Recent earthquakes and a new way of looking at faults suggest that damaging earthquakes are closing in on the San Francisco area. Earthquakes Awareness Week 1989 in northern California started off with a bang on Monday, 3 April, when a magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck 15 kilometers northeast of San Jose. The relatively small shock-its primary damage was the shattering of an air-control tower window-got the immediate attention of three U.S Geological Survey seismologists in Menlo Park near San Francisco. David Oppenheimer, William Bakun, and Allan Lindh had forecast a nearby earthquake in a just completed report, and this, they thought, might be it.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1989, New fault picture points toward San Francisco Bay area earthquakes: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 21, no. 3, p. 116-120.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89125061035155,\n 37.50264464701539\n ],\n [\n -121.80404663085939,\n 37.52551993630743\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 36.80048816579081\n ],\n [\n -121.51702880859374,\n 36.65299604498243\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -121.89125061035155,\n 37.50264464701539\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cee4b07ca61bfea59a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196002,"text":"70196002 - 1989 - Hydrologic studies of wetlands in the northern prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:42:01","indexId":"70196002","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrologic studies of wetlands in the northern prairie","docAbstract":"
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northern prairie wetlands","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa State University Press","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1989, Hydrologic studies of wetlands in the northern prairie, chap. of Northern prairie wetlands, p. 16-54.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff313ce4b0da30c1bfd8d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164375,"text":"70164375 - 1989 - Taking the pulse of the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:57:34","indexId":"70164375","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking the pulse of the San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"The ninth of January, 1989, was the 32nd anniversary of the great southern California earthquake of 1857. the latest research shows that, on average, at least part of the section of the San Andreas fault that broke then should break again this year.
\nBut the same research suggests that the fault's average behavior could be misleading. A newly refined dating of the past 10 San Andreas ruptures adjacent to Los Angeles reveals a previously unrecognized clustering of large earthquakes in bunches of two or three. If this pattern were to hold, Los Angeles would wait at least another 80 years for another jolt from there. But the San Andreas is not that easy to get around.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1989, Taking the pulse of the San Andreas Fault: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 21, no. 3, p. 112-115.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"115","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 34.49750272138159\n ],\n [\n -117.76245117187499,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -117.344970703125,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -119.190673828125,\n 34.72355492704221\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 34.49750272138159\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b1e150e4b07a81bb240bad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015600,"text":"70015600 - 1989 - Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:15:58","indexId":"70015600","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments","docAbstract":"Chemical hydrogeology, including organic and inorganic aspects, has contributed to an increased understanding of groundwater flow systems, geologic processes, and stressed environments. Most of the basic principles of inorganic-chemical hydrogeology were first established by investigations of organic-free, regional-scale systems for which simplifying assumptions could be made. The problems of groundwater contamination are causing a shift of emphasis to microscale systems that are dominated by organic-chemical reactions and that are providing an impetus for the study of naturally occurring and manmade organic material. Along with the decrease in scale, physical and chemical heterogeneity become major controls. Current investigations and those selected from the literature demonstrate that heterogeneity increases in importance as the study site decreases from regional-scale to macroscale to microscale. Increased understanding of regional-scale flow systems is demonstrated by selection of investigations of carbonate and volcanic aquifers to show how applications of present-day concepts and techniques can identify controlling chemical reactions and determine their rates; identify groundwater flow paths and determine flow velocity; and determine aquifer characteristics. The role of chemical hydrogeology in understanding geologic processes of macroscale systems is exemplified by selection of investigations in coastal aquifers. Phenomena associated with the mixing zone generated by encroaching sea water include an increase in heterogeneity of permeability, diagenesis of minerals, and formation of geomorphic features, such as caves, lagoons, and bays. Ore deposits of manganese and uranium, along with a simulation model of ore-forming fluids, demonstrate the influence of heterogeneity and of organic compounds on geochemical reactions associated with genesis of mineral deposits. In microscale environments, importance of heterogeneity and consequences of organic reactions in determining the distribution and concentrations cf. constituents are provided by several studies, including infiltration of sewage effluent and migration of creosote in coastal plain aquifers. These studies show that heterogeneity and the dominance of organically controlled reactions greatly increase the complexity of investigations.Current investigations and those selected from the literature demonstrate that heterogeneity increases in importance as the study site decreases from regional-scale to macroscale to microscale. Increased understanding of regional-scale flow systems is demonstrated by selection of investigations of carbonate and volcanic aquifers to show how application of present-day concepts and techniques can identify controlling chemical reactions and determine their rates; identify groundwater flow paths and determine flow velocity; and determine aquifer characteristics. The role of chemical hydrogeology in understanding geologic processes of macroscale systems is exemplified by selection of investigations in coastal aquifers. Ore deposits of manganese and uranium, along with a simulation model of ore-forming fluids, demonstrate the influence of heterogeneity and of organic compounds on geochemical reactions associated with genesis of mineral deposits. In microscale environments, importance of heterogeneity is illustrated by studies of infiltration of sewage effluent and migration of creosote in coastal plain aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(89)90164-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Back, W., and Baedecker, M., 1989, Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90164-9.","productDescription":"28 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57de4b0c8380cd4c264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187697,"text":"70187697 - 1989 - Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in a free-ranging polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:19:25","indexId":"70187697","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3690,"text":"Veterinary and Human Toxicology","printIssn":"0145-6296","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in a free-ranging polar bear","docAbstract":"The bright, fluorescent pink-colored remains of a polar bear were found on an Alaskan island with the gravel and snow adjacent to the bear colored bright purple. Traces of fox urine and feces found nearby were also pink. The punk and purple colors were due to rhodamine B, and ethylene glycol (EG) was present in the soil under the carcass. Evidence is given to suggest the bear consumed a mixture of rhodamine B and EG commonly used to mark roads and runways during snow and ice periods. Such wildlife losses could be prevented by substituting propylene glycol for the EG in such mixtures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas State University","issn":"01456296","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Gardner, C.L., Myers, K.C., and Oehme, F.W., 1989, Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in a free-ranging polar bear: Veterinary and Human Toxicology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 317-319.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Leavitt Island","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, Kevin C.","contributorId":13143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oehme, Frederick W.","contributorId":25648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oehme","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185527,"text":"70185527 - 1989 - Spectroscopic evidence for organic diacid complexation with dissolved silica in aqueous systems—I. Oxalic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:55:43","indexId":"70185527","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for organic diacid complexation with dissolved silica in aqueous systems—I. Oxalic acid","docAbstract":"Increased solubility of quartz and mobilization in contaminated groundwater due to the complexation with dissolved organic acids has been recently proposed [Bennett and Siegel, Nature326, 684–686 (1987)]. Using laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, we have examined mixed solutions of oxalic and silicic acids at near neutral pH in the tenth molar concentration ranges in an attempt to directly observe the proposed organo-silicate complexes.
In both laser Raman and infrared spectra, product bands were observed that indicate an oxalate/silicic acid ester is being formed in the reaction. These data support the observation that organic diacids can lead to enhanced solubility of quartz in hydrogeological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6","usgsCitation":"Marley, N., Bennett, P., Janecky, D., and Gaffney, J., 1989, Spectroscopic evidence for organic diacid complexation with dissolved silica in aqueous systems—I. Oxalic acid: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 5, p. 525-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(89)90032-6.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"525","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marley, N.A.","contributorId":189729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marley","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.","contributorId":189730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janecky, D.R.","contributorId":189731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecky","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaffney, J.S.","contributorId":189732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaffney","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015632,"text":"70015632 - 1989 - A thrust-ridge paleodepositional model for the Upper Freeport coal bed and associated clastic facies, Upper Potomac coal field, Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T00:59:25.060798","indexId":"70015632","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A thrust-ridge paleodepositional model for the Upper Freeport coal bed and associated clastic facies, Upper Potomac coal field, Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A blind-thrust-ridge model is proposed to explain the lack of coarse clastic material in the vast minable Upper Freeport coal bed (UF). This coal bed contains only fine elastic partings and is overlain by regionally extensive, closely spaced channel-belt deposits in the Upper Potomac coal field of the Appalachian basin. A blind-thrust ridge may have formed a sediment trap and prevented c coarse fluvial sediments from entering the swamp during a period (Westphalian D) when the thick Upper Freeport peat accumulated. Anticlinal thrust ridges and associated depressions may have existed uninterrupted for about 40 km parallel to the Appalachian orogen. Sediment shed from the breached anticlinal ridges accumulated in the sediment trap and was carried out of the ends of the trap by streams that occupied the shear zone at the ends of the blind-thrust ridge. The extent, parallel to the orogen, of thick, areally extensive UF is related to the length of the blind-thrust ridge that, in turn, controlled the spacing of the river-derived coarse clastic sediments that entered the main basin from the east. The thrust plane eventually emerged to the surface of the blind-thrust ridge and peat accumulation was terminated when the ridge became eroded and the sediment trapped behind it was released. The peat was buried by abundant coarse clastic sediment, which formed closely spaced channel belts and intervening flood basins. This model has implications for widespread peat deposits (now coal) that developed in tropical regions a few hundred kilometers from the sea in a tectonically active foreland basin.
Spatial distributions of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) were followed along a longitudinal gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in South San Francisco Bay (herein referred to as the South Bay). Dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations ranged from 24 to 66 nM, from 20 to 107 nM and from 1·2 to 4·7 nM, respectively, in samples collected on five dates beginning with the spring phytoplankton bloom and continuing through summer,1985. Dissolved Cu and Zn concentrations varied indirectly with salinity and directly with DOC concentration which ranged from 2·1 to 4·1 mg l−1. Available thermodynamic data strongly support the hypothesis that Cu speciation may be dominated by association with dissolved organic matter. Analogous control of Zn speciation by organic complexation was, however, not indicated in our computations. Computed free ion activity estimates for Cu, Zn and Cd were of the order of 10−10, 10−8 and 10−10 M, respectively. The availability of these metals may be among the factors regulating the growth of certain phytoplankton species within this region of the estuary. In contrast to dissolved Cu, dissolved Cd was directly related to the concentration of suspended particulate matter, suggesting a source of dissolved Cd coincident with elevated particle concentrations in the South Bay (e.g. runoff and solute desorption). Consistent with work in other estuaries, partitioning of all three trace metals onto suspended particulates was negatively correlated with salinity and positively correlated with increases in particulate organic carbon associated with the phytoplankton bloom. These results for the South Bay indicate that sorption processes influence dissolved concentrations of these trace metals, the degree of this influence varies among metals, and processes controlling metal distribution in this estuary appear to be more element-specific than spatially- or temporally-specific.
A Laplace transform solution was obtained for the injection of a tracer in a well situated in a homogeneous aquifer where steady, horizontal, radially convergent flow has been established due to pumping at a second well. The standard advection-dispersion equation for mass transfer was used as the controlling equation. For boundary conditions, mass balances that account for mixing of the tracer with the fluid residing in the injection and pumped wells were used. The derived solution, which can be adapted for either resident or flux-averaged concentration, is of practical use only for the pumped well. This problem is of interest because it is easily applied to field determination of aquifer dispersivity and effective porosity. Breakthrough curves were obtained by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution. It was found that tracer mixing with fluid in the pumped and injection wells, especially in low-porosity aquifers, may have a significant influence on the shape of the tracer breakthrough curves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i003p00439","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1989, Convergent radial dispersion: A Laplace transform solution for aquifer tracer testing: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 439-447, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i003p00439.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd7e4b0c8380cd4dfd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015633,"text":"70015633 - 1989 - Spatial and temporal variability in South San Francisco Bay (USA). I. Horizontal distributions of salinity, suspended sediments, and phytoplankton biomass and productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T17:46:52.717624","indexId":"70015633","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability in South San Francisco Bay (USA). I. Horizontal distributions of salinity, suspended sediments, and phytoplankton biomass and productivity","docAbstract":"The horizontal pattern of mesoscale (1–4 km) variability in salinity was a poor predictor of mesoscale patterns in chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter, and daily primary productivity in the South San Francisco Bay estuary during spring 1987. The tidally-averaged salinity distribution varied over weekly time scales, reflecting inputs of freshwater as well as transport processes. Spatial distributions of the other quantities also varied weekly, but not in concert with the salt field. Spatial patterns of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) deviated from the salinity patterns, largely reflecting in situ production of phytoplankton biomass during the spring bloom. The tidally-averaged distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) was highly dynamic and responded to (1) the riverine input of suspended sediment during a freshet, (2) neap-spring variations in tidally-driven resuspension, and (3) resuspension in shallows following a period of wind mixing. Two-dimensional distributions of primary productivity P′, derived from maps of biomass and turbidity (SPM), also varied weekly, but the spatial variability of P′ was only about half that of SPM and chlorophyll. Since the magnitude and patterns of spatial variability differ among nonconservative quantities, at least in part because of local sources and sinks, we conclude that the spatial distributions of nonconservative quantities cannot be predicted from distributions of conservative tracers, such as salinity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90048-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Powell, T., Cloern, J., and Huzzey, L., 1989, Spatial and temporal variability in South San Francisco Bay (USA). I. Horizontal distributions of salinity, suspended sediments, and phytoplankton biomass and productivity: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 6, p. 583-597, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90048-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13179715269598,\n 37.59951677754732\n ],\n [\n -122.14374468344705,\n 37.661695690463034\n ],\n [\n -122.18812122623602,\n 37.715722012535664\n ],\n [\n -122.20006875698668,\n 37.75081801243701\n ],\n [\n -122.21201628773775,\n 37.7751054969804\n ],\n [\n -122.27346073159953,\n 37.80343081454521\n ],\n [\n -122.32978480513957,\n 37.81287017405491\n ],\n [\n -122.41171073028816,\n 37.80343081454521\n ],\n [\n -122.39634961932303,\n 37.78724624831045\n ],\n [\n -122.39805640943027,\n 37.76431204401011\n ],\n [\n -122.38610887867921,\n 37.73732151963344\n ],\n [\n -122.39976319953752,\n 37.715722012535664\n ],\n [\n -122.39805640943027,\n 37.681960173356075\n ],\n [\n -122.38952245889367,\n 37.65629089380516\n ],\n [\n -122.41000394018093,\n 37.65088570368847\n ],\n [\n -122.38440208857196,\n 37.60898214171742\n ],\n [\n -122.35880023696299,\n 37.585992739598055\n ],\n [\n -122.3280780150319,\n 37.58058243629341\n ],\n [\n -122.27175394149228,\n 37.53051849387157\n ],\n [\n -122.23079097891778,\n 37.49260991432824\n ],\n [\n -122.13862431312492,\n 37.49260991432824\n ],\n [\n -122.13009036258873,\n 37.461456322796096\n ],\n [\n -122.10619530108703,\n 37.43028974602336\n ],\n [\n -122.04987122754697,\n 37.41809059511671\n ],\n [\n -121.9781860430418,\n 37.4086009925654\n ],\n [\n -121.96794530239795,\n 37.43028974602336\n ],\n [\n -121.95087740132558,\n 37.42757899536802\n ],\n [\n -121.92356875960897,\n 37.445197119977934\n ],\n [\n -121.92868912993069,\n 37.47229382763375\n ],\n [\n -121.95941135186177,\n 37.489901421947366\n ],\n [\n -122.0106150550797,\n 37.510212720683285\n ],\n [\n -122.04304406711802,\n 37.50479691458642\n ],\n [\n -122.07035270883422,\n 37.506150902946544\n ],\n [\n -122.04987122754697,\n 37.52104315407374\n ],\n [\n -122.07035270883422,\n 37.5372858568536\n ],\n [\n -122.07717986926357,\n 37.557584261016714\n ],\n [\n -122.0737662890487,\n 37.577877137195514\n ],\n [\n -122.08912740001423,\n 37.60357350966791\n ],\n [\n -122.13179715269598,\n 37.59951677754732\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b944de4b08c986b31a9bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huzzey, L.M.","contributorId":38287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huzzey","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015645,"text":"70015645 - 1989 - Uranium-series nuclides in the Golden fault, Colorado, U.S.A.: Dating latest fault displacement and measuring recent uptake of radionuclides by fault-zone materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T11:54:39.729342","indexId":"70015645","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series nuclides in the Golden fault, Colorado, U.S.A.: Dating latest fault displacement and measuring recent uptake of radionuclides by fault-zone materials","docAbstract":"Concentrations and isotopic ratios of U, Th and Ra were measured in a fault zone near Golden, Colorado where major displacement occurred between about 190 and 615 ka. Faulting created new surfaces for leaching and provided the pathways for U-rich ground water. Uranium and230Th, the latter produced by the decay of dissolved234U, are adsorbed by fault gouge, hematite-stained sand and brecciated sand- and claystones. The observed U enrichment is as much as six times baseline value and the simultaneous enrichment of230Th is estimated at about ninefold relative to238U. The adsorption of radionuclides chemically analogous to Th, such as Pu (IV) and Np, and237Np decay products, on fault-zone materials would contribute to the immobilization of high-level radioactive waste in the vicinity of a repository in the event of leakage from engineered barriers into fractured rock-mass.
This work gives a clear picture of the geometry of aftershock seismicity in a large thrust earthquake. Interpretation of hypocenters and fault plane solutions, from the 1983 Coalinga, Coast Range California, earthquake sequence, in combination with the three-dimensional velocity structure shows that the active faulting beneath the fold primarily consists of a set of southwest dipping thrusts uplifting blocks of higher-velocity material. Above the main listric blind thrust there is a conjugate fault, steeply northeast dipping, that provides the western limit of the aftershocks within the Coalinga Anticline and that corresponds in location and spatial extent with the adjacent Pleasant Valley syncline. The character of the seismicity varies with the degree of previous deformation on each section of the anticline. Where the previous uplift was largest, the shallow seismicity shows secondary faulting on either side of the fold with orientations that correspond to the preexisting geologic structure. Diffuse seismicity characterizes the area with the least previous deformation. The mainshock rupture terminated where the fold trend was no longer uniform but had competing north and west trending features. The upward extent of the mainshock rupture ended at the approximate boundary between Franciscan and Great Valley Sequence rocks. Above that depth the main thrust appears to splay into a steeper segment and a near-horizontal segment. Thus the extent of rupture area is limited by the area of uniform structural orientation and by the variation in the type of material. With the three-dimensional velocity model each individual hypocenter moved slightly (0–2 km) in accord with the details of the surrounding velocity structure, so that secondary features in the seismicity pattern are more detailed than with a local one-dimensional model and station corrections. The overall character of the fault plane solutions was not altered by the three-dimensional model, but the more accurate ray paths did result in distinct changes. In particular, the mainshock has a fault plane dipping 30° southwest instead of the 23° obtained with the one-dimensional model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB11p15565","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1989, Active faulting and deformation of the Coalinga anticline as interpreted from three-dimensional velocity structure and seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B11, p. 15565-15586, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB11p15565.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"15565","endPage":"15586","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6aae4b0c8380cd4758a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001349,"text":"1001349 - 1989 - An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:38:22.849368","indexId":"1001349","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","docAbstract":"Recurring estimates of the size of animal populations are often required by biologists of wildlife managers. Because of cost or other constraints, estimates frequently lack the accuracy desired but cannot readily be improved by additional sampling. This report proposes a statistical method employing empirical Bayes (EB) estimators as alternatives to those customarily used to estimate population size, and evaluates them by a subsampling experiment on waterfowl surveys. EB estimates, especially a simple limited—translation version, were more accurate and provided shorter confidence intervals with greater coverage probabilities than customary estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941361","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1989, An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys: Ecology, v. 70, no. 4, p. 945-952, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941361.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015435,"text":"70015435 - 1989 - Mid-Cretaceous alluvial-plain incision related to eustasy, southeastern Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015435","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Cretaceous alluvial-plain incision related to eustasy, southeastern Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Eustatic effects on the deposition of ancient coastal and marine rocks are well known, but eustasy also can affect depositional patterns and processes well inland from the sea and play an important role in the development of nonmarine unconformities. In the southeastern part of the Colorado Plateau, fluvial rocks of the lowermost Cenomanian (lowermost Upper Cretaceous) Encinal Canyon Member at the base of the Dakota Sandstone fill paleovalleys incised into underlying formations. In the latter part of the Early Cretaceous, an epicontinental sea lay about 240 km east of the southeastern Colorado Plateau and was base level for streams in the plateau region. Near the end of the Early Cretaceous, sea level fell, base level was lowered, and streams incised valleys into alluvial deposits of the Burro Canyon Formation and into older formations. The resulting incised paleodrainage surface was preserved as the sub-Dakota unconformity when the succeeding sea-level rise, in earliest Late Cretaceous time, caused Dakota streams to aggrade and backfill the paleovalleys with alluvial sediments of the Encinal Canyon Member. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Aubrey, W.M., 1989, Mid-Cretaceous alluvial-plain incision related to eustasy, southeastern Colorado Plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 4, p. 443-449.","startPage":"443","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b6e4b0c8380cd6d787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubrey, W. M.","contributorId":18756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubrey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}