{"pageNumber":"4575","pageRowStart":"114350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":166005,"records":[{"id":5221518,"text":"5221518 - 1984 - Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T18:11:24","indexId":"5221518","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Audobon Society","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Sakai, H., and Scott, J.M., 1984, Turkey sighting on Keauhou Ranch, Volcano, Hawaii: 'Elepaio, v. 45, no. 3.","startPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakai, H.F.","contributorId":25263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223553,"text":"5223553 - 1984 - Breeding biology of the blue-gray noddy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223553","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology of the blue-gray noddy","docAbstract":"Blue-gray Noddies, the smallest marine terns, are similar in many respects to all tropical terns in Hawaii: single-egg  clutches are laid, growth and development take about 7 weeks, breeding is colonial. Its small size results in eggs that comprise over 27% of adult body weight, compared to 15-20% for most marine terns (Langham 1983). Blue-gray Noddies are widespread in the tropical Pacific, but populations are generally small. This may be the result of its inshore feeding habits and the fact that it is a resident species (Diamond 1978). However, populations in the Hawaiian Archipelago are probably limited by the availability of suitable nest sites in cliffs or rocky outcrops, not food supplies..... Food habits in Hawaii confirm the unique dependence of this species on sea-striders but consumption may be seasonal Blue-gray Noddies take the smallest prey of any seabird in Hawaii and may feed on a lower trophic level..... The Hawaiian population is apparently  heavier and produces larger eggs than Blue-gray Noddies elsewhere in the Pacific. This conforms with the general proposition that Hawaiian seabirds are larger than those in the central Pacific (Harrison et al. 1983). The Hawaiian population also has a more predictable breeding season than those farther south.This may be due to a greater seasonality of food supply, but the factors that control the timing of breeding are not clear. There does not appear to be any competition for nest sites with other seabirds.....Our information on growth and development will enable future investigators to estimate the ages of chicks  during brief visits to Blue-gray Noddy colonies. This will facilitate programs that are designed to monitor the basic health of seabird populations and to detect changes from baseline that may result from human activities or oceanographic conditions. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rauson, M., Harrison, S., and Clapp, R.B., 1984, Breeding biology of the blue-gray noddy: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 309-321.","productDescription":"309-321","startPage":"309","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v055n03/p0309-p0321.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":200358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rauson, M.J.","contributorId":86071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauson","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":16947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222203,"text":"5222203 - 1984 - Avian endocrine responses to environmental pollutants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:47:36.564154","indexId":"5222203","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2278,"text":"Journal of Experimental Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian endocrine responses to environmental pollutants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many environmental contaminants are hazardous to populations of wild birds. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and industrial pollutants are thought to be responsible for population declines of several species of predatory birds through eggshell thinning. Studies have demonstrated that these contaminants have estrogenic potency and may affect the functioning of the gonadal and thyroidal endocrine subsystems. Petroleum crude oil exerts toxicity externally, by oiling of plumage, and internally, by way of ingestion of oil while feeding or preening. Extensive ultrastructural damage to the inner zone of the adrenal, diminished adrenal responsiveness to adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and reduced corticosterone secretion rate suggest that low levels of plasma corticosterone reflect a direct effect of petroleum on the adrenal gland. Suppressive effects of oil on the ovary and decreases in circulating prolactin have been associated with impaired reproductive function. Large-scale field studies of free-living seabirds have confirmed some of the inhibitory effects of oil on reproduction that have been observed in laboratory studies. Organophosphorus insecticides, representing the most widely used class of pesticides in North America, have been shown to impair reproductive function, possibly by altering secretion of luteinizing hormone and progesterone. Relevant areas of future research on the effects of contaminants on avian endocrine function are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jez.1402320337","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Eroschenko, V., Fox, G., Fry, D., and Gorsline, J., 1984, Avian endocrine responses to environmental pollutants: Journal of Experimental Zoology, v. 232, no. 3, p. 683-689, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402320337.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eroschenko, V.P.","contributorId":46652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eroschenko","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, G.A.","contributorId":17725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, D.M.","contributorId":90693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gorsline, J.","contributorId":30307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorsline","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5221909,"text":"5221909 - 1984 - Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:52:55.553468","indexId":"5221909","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Aroclor 1254<sup>®</sup> residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","title":"Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates","docAbstract":"<p>Lethal residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined experimentally in four species of wild birds given dietary dosage of 1,500 ppm of Aroclor 1254<sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>until one-half had died, sacrificing the survivors, chemically analyzing the tissues, and comparing results in dead birds and survivors. For all species, residues of 310 ppm or higher in the brain showed increasing likelihood of death from PCB poisoning. Residues in dead birds did not differ among species except for starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>), which averaged slightly lower than the others. However, the species differed in the length of time to 50% mortality and in the levels of PCBs in brains at sacrifice.</p><p>Concentrations in bodies and livers were not diagnostic when expressed on a wet weight basis. On a lipid basis, however, concentrations of PCBs in bodies of dead birds were higher than in sacrificed birds, but in both groups residues increased with time, suggesting that overlapping values could be expected.</p><p>Loss rates were followed in grackles (<i>Quiscalus quiscula</i>) fed 1,500 ppm PCBs for 8 days, then given untreated feed and sacrificed at intervals of 7, 28, 56, 112, and 224 days. PCB residues were lost from bodies at somewhat irregular rates; overall, the rate was estimated at 0.77% per day (half-life 89 days). Residues in brains generally were related to the percentage of body fat, but also showed a somewhat irregular pattern.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055641","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Stickel, L.F., Dyrland, R.A., and Hughes, D.L., 1984, Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055641.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, William H.","contributorId":178252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stickel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyrland, R. A.","contributorId":102164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyrland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Donald L.","contributorId":41899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223752,"text":"5223752 - 1984 - Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:37:28.667605","indexId":"5223752","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico","docAbstract":"A collection of 98 breeding Mexican Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) was made in Mexico from six areas between the United States border with Chihuahua and Lake Chapala, Jalisco, in order to study geographic variation. Plumage indices showed a relatively smooth clinal change from north to south; northern populations were most influenced by the Northern Mallard (A. platyrhynchos) phenotype. Measurements of total, wing, and culmen lengths and bill width were usually significantly larger in males at any one site, but showed no regular geographic trends. Hybridization between platyrhynchos and diazi phenotypes may or may not be increasing in the middle Rio Grande and Rio Conchos valleys; available data are insufficient to decide. A spring 1978 aerial census yielded an estimate of 55,500 diazi -like birds in Mexico. Populations of diazi appear to be as large as the available habitat allows; management should be directed towards increasing and stabilizing the nesting habitat; and the stability of the zone of intergradation should be investigated.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366994","usgsCitation":"Scott, N., and Reynolds, R., 1984, Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico: Condor, v. 86, no. 3, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366994.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol86/iss3/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68669d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221935,"text":"5221935 - 1984 - Radio-triggered anesthetic-dart collar for recapturing large mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5221935","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-triggered anesthetic-dart collar for recapturing large mammals","docAbstract":"A re-usable, radio-triggered, anesthetic-dart collar costing about $1,200 has been developed for recapturing large, free-ranging mammals. The collar was tested successfully on captive gray wolves, white-tailed deer, a mountain lion, a black bear, and a tiger, and on wild wolves, a bear, and deer after periods of up to 32 days. The main advantage of the capture collar is that it allows frequent recapture of individuals at will and thus enhances opportunities for new physiological monitoring of wild animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Chapman, R.C., Cochran, W., Simmons, L., and Seal, U., 1984, Radio-triggered anesthetic-dart collar for recapturing large mammals: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 12, no. 1, p. 69-74.","productDescription":"69-74","startPage":"69","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18304,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781508","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Richard C.","contributorId":50234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, W.W.","contributorId":12949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, L.","contributorId":63497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5221934,"text":"5221934 - 1984 - Recuperation of a severely debilitated wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T11:04:23.663523","indexId":"5221934","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recuperation of a severely debilitated wolf","docAbstract":"<p>Opportunities are rare for determining the degree to which an animal can starve and still survive. Therefore we describe here an incident in which a wild wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) starved almost to death and was then restored to her former free-ranging state. The incident took place in northern Lake County, Minnesota</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-20.2.166","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Seal, U., and Arthur, S., 1984, Recuperation of a severely debilitated wolf: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 20, no. 2, p. 166-168, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-20.2.166.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arthur, S.M.","contributorId":65195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221923,"text":"5221923 - 1984 - Observer visitation frequency and success of mourning dove nests: A field experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-06T17:14:18.887711","indexId":"5221923","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observer visitation frequency and success of mourning dove nests: A field experiment","docAbstract":"<p>Field studies of nesting success generally require visits by the investigator to the nests under study. Such visits may themselves influence nesting success, however, and this possibility has been discussed and investigated by a number of workers with a variety of bird species. Livezey (1980) reviewed the relevant literature for duck nests and noted that most studies failed to demonstrate differences in nesting success between visited nests and those not visited. Livezey (1980) found in his own work that nest abandonment may have occurred as a result of disturbance by observers but that nest predation was not related to time spent by observers at nests or number of observers approaching nests. Various components of nesting and breeding success in seabirds are thought to be adversely affected by human disturbance and nest visitation (Gillett et al. 1975, Robert and Ralph 1975, Ollason and Dunnet 1980). Upland, ground-nesting species have also been studied (e.g. Stoddard 1931, Evans and Wolfe 1967, Henry 1969, Roseberry and Klimstra 1970, Klimstra and Roseberry 1975), and, although conclusions have varied, a number of these workers found no effect of observers on nest-predation rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/101.2.384","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Percival, H., Coon, R., Conroy, M., Hensler, G.L., and Hines, J., 1984, Observer visitation frequency and success of mourning dove nests: A field experiment: The Auk, v. 101, no. 2, p. 398-402, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/101.2.384.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"402","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, R.A.","contributorId":43060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5221926,"text":"5221926 - 1984 - Home-range formation and dispersal of deer in northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T11:21:43.261736","indexId":"5221926","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home-range formation and dispersal of deer in northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Eleven white-tailed (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) does and their offspring (10 male and 6 female fawns) were radio-tracked for up to 56 months (2,725 total deer locations) in Minnesota's Superior National Forest from November 1974 through August 1983. All fawns wintered in yards with their does and migrated in spring to their does' summer ranges where they then separated from the does. By 17 months of age, seven males had established new summer ranges up to 9.6 km away, whereas the other three used the same summer ranges as their does, up to at least 29 months of age. One male established a new winter range, but six others continued to use the winter ranges of their does. The female fawns used the same summer range as their does, or areas immediately adjacent, and migrated to and from the same winter ranges, some with their does, for up to 3 years of age. The one female that we followed beyond this age migrated separately to and from the same winter yard during her fifth year. The data fit a hypothesis that non-incestuous inbreeding is common in vertebrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380839","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M., and Mech, L., 1984, Home-range formation and dispersal of deer in northeastern Minnesota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 65, no. 4, p. 567-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380839.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62beb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222484,"text":"5222484 - 1984 - The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:38:26","indexId":"5222484","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with <i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>","title":"The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus","docAbstract":"<p>The robust design of Pollock (1982) was used to estimate parameters of a Maryland <i>M. pennsylvanicus</i> population. Closed model tests provided strong evidence of heterogeneity of capture probability, and model M eta (Otis et al., 1978) was selected as the most appropriate model for estimating population size. The Jolly-Seber model goodness-of-fit test indicated rejection of the model for this data set, and the M eta estimates of population size were all higher than the Jolly-Seber estimates. Both of these results are consistent with the evidence of heterogeneous capture probabilities. The authors thus used M eta estimates of population size, Jolly-Seber estimates of survival rate, and estimates of birth-immigration based on a combination of the population size and survival rate estimates. Advantages of the robust design estimates for certain inference procedures are discussed, and the design is recommended for future small mammal capture-recapture studies directed at estimation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Polska Akademia Nauk","doi":"10.4098/AT.arch.84-34","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Pollock, K.H., and Hines, J., 1984, The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies:  A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus: Acta Theriologica, v. 29, no. 30, p. 357-365, https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.84-34.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"365","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.84-34","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11103"}],"volume":"29","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221930,"text":"5221930 - 1984 - Age-specific productivity and nest site characteristics of Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5221930","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific productivity and nest site characteristics of Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii)","docAbstract":"Nesting Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) were studied in northeastern Oregon.  Second-year (SY) males did not breed, but 22 percent of the breeding females were SY's.  Mean clutch size (P = 0.012) and mean number of young fledged per pair that laid eggs (P < 0.10) were lower for SY females than for adult (after second year [ASY}) females; however, an equal percentage of the eggs (excluding a collected sample egg) yielded fledged young for each age class.  Stepwise discriminant analysis suggested differences in structural characteristics of the nest site habitat for ASY and SY females, i.e., SY female nest sites were associated with younger successional stages than ASY female nest sites.  Nests of both age groups were built in trees with high crown volume, but ASY females utilized mistletoe (Arceuthobium sp.) for nest structures more frequently (P < 0.01) than SY females.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"3049_Moore.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moore, K., and Henny, C.J., 1984, Age-specific productivity and nest site characteristics of Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii): Northwest Science, v. 58, no. 4, p. 290-299.","productDescription":"290-299","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18308,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/org_NWS/NWSci%20journal%20articles/1984%20files/Issue%204/v58%20p290%20Moore%20and%20Henny.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, K.R.","contributorId":11718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221913,"text":"5221913 - 1984 - The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:55:02.114418","indexId":"5221913","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments","docAbstract":"The dependence of animal capture probabilities on auxiliary variables is an important practical problem which has not been considered in the development of estimation procedures for capture-recapture and removal experiments.  In this paper the linear logistic binary regression model is used to relate the probability of capture to continuous auxiliary variables.  The auxiliary variables could be environmental quantities such as air or water temperature, or characteristics of individual animals, such as body length or weight.  Maximum likelihood estimators of the population parameters are considered for a variety of models which all assume a closed population.  Testing between models is also considered.  The models can also be used when one auxiliary variable is a measure of the effort expended in obtaining the sample.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531386","usgsCitation":"Pollock, K.H., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1984, The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments: Biometrics, v. 40, no. 2, p. 329-340, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531386.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222791,"text":"5222791 - 1984 - Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:39:07.134694","indexId":"5222791","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics","docAbstract":"We review metabolizable energy (ME) concepts and present evidence suggesting that the form of ME used for analyses of avian energetics can affect interpretation of results. Apparent ME (AME) is the most widely used measure of food energy available to birds. True ME(TME) differs from AME in recognizing fecal and urinary energy of nonfood origin as metabolized energy. Only AME values obtained from test birds fed at maintenance levels should be used for energy analyses. A practical assay for TME has shown that TME estimates are less sensitive than AME to variation in food intake. The TME assay may be particularly useful in studies of natural foods that are difficult to obtain in quantities large enough to supply test birds with maintenance requirements. Energy budgets calculated from existence metabolism should be expressed as kJ of AME and converted to food requirements with estimates of metabolizability given in kJ AME/g.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366814","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Reinecke, K.J., 1984, Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics: Condor, v. 86, no. 4, p. 396-400, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366814.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221931,"text":"5221931 - 1984 - Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5221931","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range","docAbstract":"A study was conducted on vegetative changes induced by the herbicide glyphosate, and the resultant habitat use of birds nesting on two clearcuts in western Oregon. About 23 percent of total plant cover was initially damaged by aerial application of glyphosate. Most measures of vegetation on the treated site decreased relative to the untreated site 1 year after glyphosate application. By 2 years post-spray, vegetation on the treated site had recovered to near pre-spray status. No difference in density of the bird community was evident between treated and untreated sites during all years of study although individual species densities were modified. Several bird species decreased their use of shrub cover, and increased their use of deciduous trees 1 year after treatment. By 2 years post-spray, many species had returned to pre-spray use of most measured habitat components. Results indicated that application of glyphosate can modify the density and habitat use of birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Morrison, M., and Meslow, E.C., 1984, Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range: Forest Science, v. 30, no. 1, p. 95-106.","productDescription":"95-106","startPage":"95","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18310,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://saf.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/1984/00000030/00000001/art00016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, M.L.","contributorId":83624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meslow, E. Charles","contributorId":75100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meslow","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220004,"text":"5220004 - 1984 - Inheritance patterns of enzymes and serum proteins of mallard-black duck hybrids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:01:58","indexId":"5220004","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":999,"text":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inheritance patterns of enzymes and serum proteins of mallard-black duck hybrids","docAbstract":"From 1974 to 1976, a breeding program was used to produce hybrids of black ducks and mallards for the evaluation of inheritance patterns of serum proteins and serum, liver and muscle enzymes.  In addition to the crosses designed to produce hybrids, a series of matings in 1975 and 1976 were designed to evaluate inheritance patterns of a hybrid with either a black duck or mallard.  At the F1 level, hybrids were easily distinguished using serum proteins.  However, once a hybrid was crossed back to either a mallard or black duck, only 12?23% of the progeny were distinguishable from black ducks or mallards using serum proteins and 23?39% using esterases.  Muscle, serum and liver enzymes were similar between the two species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0305-1978(84)90019-X","collaboration":"3050_Morgan.pdf","usgsCitation":"Morgan, R., Meritt, D.W., Block, S.B., Cole, M., Sulkin, S.T., Lee, F., and Henny, C.J., 1984, Inheritance patterns of enzymes and serum proteins of mallard-black duck hybrids: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 119-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(84)90019-X.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18309,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(84)90019-X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, R.P. II","contributorId":8427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"R.P.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meritt, D. W.","contributorId":79850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meritt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Block, S. B.","contributorId":47751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, M.A.","contributorId":77262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sulkin, S. T.","contributorId":83631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulkin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, F.B.","contributorId":30174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5221937,"text":"5221937 - 1984 - Organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night herons from Colorado and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:00:14.215113","indexId":"5221937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night herons from Colorado and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eggs of black-crowned night-herons&nbsp;</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>&nbsp;(L.) were collected for analysis from seven nesting sites in Colorado and Wyoming in 1979. One egg was taken per nest from as many as 20 nests per site during early incubation. The nests were marked and revisited after hatching, but before fledging, to record the number of live young. DDE was detected in all of the collected eggs (total 147) at a mean concentration of 3.1 ppm, fresh basis (residue means are geometric). Mean DDE at the seven sites varied from 1.8 to 7.6 ppm. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in 81 eggs (mean 1.0 ppm); the highest mean at any site was 2.2 ppm. Twelve other organochlorines were each detected in 1 to 30 eggs, usually at a concentration of &gt; 1.0 ppm. Mean total organochlorines in the eggs from the seven sites ranged from 2.0 to 10.1 ppm and the median number of compounds per egg ranged from one to five. Eggshell thickness was negatively correlated (p &gt; 0.001, r = – 0.585) with DDE levels in the 147 eggs. Average shell thickness (0.258 ± 0.030 mm) was 8.8% lower than the average thickness (0.283 ± 0.016mm) of 40 pre-DDT eggs from this region. The nesting sites with the highest DDE and total organochlorine residues in the eggs had the thinnest shells, produced the fewest young and had more nonviable eggs and dead young. At four of the seven sites, the average number of live young per nest was &gt; 2.0, the minimum long-term mean required for population maintenance. The source of the contaminants found in the heron eggs in this study was not determined.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620030302","usgsCitation":"McEwen, L.C., Stafford, C.J., and Hensler, G.L., 1984, Organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night herons from Colorado and Wyoming: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 3, no. 3, p. 367-376, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620030302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, L. C.","contributorId":33414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221933,"text":"5221933 - 1984 - Changes in levels of organochlorines in woodcock wings from 1971 to 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:49:18.621955","indexId":"5221933","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in levels of organochlorines in woodcock wings from 1971 to 1975","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wings from woodcock (</span><i>Philohela minor</i><span>) were first monitored for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the eastern U.S. in 1971. Regional differences in these compounds were clearly demonstrated and baseline residue levels were obtained for later comparisons. An expanded sampling of wings in 1972 revealed that residues in wings of adult woodcock may differ significantly from those in immatures, and that residues of several important agricultural insecticides and PCBs had declined significantly. More extensive sampling was undertaken in 1975 to determine if changes in residue levels had taken place in the intervening years. PCBs, mirex, and heptachlor epoxide increased significantly between 1972 and 1975 in adult woodcock wings. In immature woodcock wings mirex, dieldrin, and PCBs increased significantly between 1972 and 1975, but DDT residues decreased significantly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00398779","usgsCitation":"McLane, M.A., Hughes, D., and Heinz, G.H., 1984, Changes in levels of organochlorines in woodcock wings from 1971 to 1975: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 4, no. 2, p. 105-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398779.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLane, M. Anne Ross","contributorId":107799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, D.L.","contributorId":85675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221938,"text":"5221938 - 1984 - Hawaii's seabird islands, No. 1: Moke'ehia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T18:12:48","indexId":"5221938","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaii's seabird islands, No. 1: Moke'ehia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Audobon Society","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., Kepler, A., and Simons, T., 1984, Hawaii's seabird islands, No. 1: Moke'ehia: 'Elepaio, v. 44, no. 7, p. 71-74.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, A.K.","contributorId":89253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221936,"text":"5221936 - 1984 - Case report: Isolation of streptococcus zooepidemicus from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T12:22:34.95853","indexId":"5221936","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case report: Isolation of streptococcus zooepidemicus from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Streptococcus zooepidemicus</i> was isolated from the interstinal tract of an adult male bald eagle (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) found dead in Minnesota in 1974.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1590359","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Lamont, T.G., and Harrington, R., 1984, Case report: Isolation of streptococcus zooepidemicus from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus): Avian Diseases, v. 28, no. 2, p. 514-516, https://doi.org/10.2307/1590359.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, T. G.","contributorId":51252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, R. Jr.","contributorId":35420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221941,"text":"5221941 - 1984 - Effects of egg oiling on larid productivity and population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-06T17:27:47.215703","indexId":"5221941","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of egg oiling on larid productivity and population dynamics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Small quantities of petroleum may adhere to the plumage, feet, or nest materials of breeding birds and be transferred to their eggs during incubation. In this study, oil was applied to naturally incubated Great Black-backed Gull (</span><i>Larus marinus</i><span>) and Herring Gull (</span><i>L. argentatus</i><span>) eggs, and its effects on reproductive success were assessed. Embryo survival was inversely proportional to the quantity of petroleum applied to eggshell surfaces. Dose responses, however, were dependent on embryonic age at the time of treatment. Eggs of either species, treated with 10-20&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>l of No. 2 fuel oil 4-8 days after laying, experienced significant reductions in hatching success. Embryos oiled past the midpoint of the 28-day incubation period were insensitive to as much as 100 μl of petroleum. Fuel oil weathered outdoors for several weeks was as toxic as fresh oil to larid embryos. Productivity estimates obtained following various oil treatments indicated that only under severe conditions (e.g. large doses of petroleum contaminating young embryos) could egg oiling have a significant impact upon populations of the Herring Gull and species with similar life-history characteristics. Species that are more sensitive to oil, however, those having lower reproductive potentials and higher postfledging mortality rates or those subject to other stresses, may be more adversely affected by oil pollution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/101.3.584","usgsCitation":"Lewis, S., and Malecki, R., 1984, Effects of egg oiling on larid productivity and population dynamics: The Auk, v. 101, no. 3, p. 584-592, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/101.3.584.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"592","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, S.J.","contributorId":50231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221955,"text":"5221955 - 1984 - High PCB residues in birds from the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T10:56:07","indexId":"5221955","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High PCB residues in birds from the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organochlorine residues were measured in the carcasses and, in some cases, brains and stomach contents of four species of birds collected along the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin during the years 1976 to 1980. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were high in all samples and were the contaminants of greatest concern. Carcass residues ranged from 23 to 218 ppm PCBs on a wet weight basis; these are levels associated with reproductive impairment in laboratory studies with some birds. Food items in the stomachs of collected birds contained from 12 to 58 ppm PCBs, indicating a heavy contamination of food sources. The brain of one bird contained 220 ppm PCBs, a level that is not in the lethal range but is very high. Birds feeding in the contaminated portions of the Sheboygan River may have been harmed by high PCB levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00398784","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., Swineford, D.M., and Katsma, D.E., 1984, High PCB residues in birds from the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 4, no. 2, p. 155-161, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"161","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Sheboygan River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.78573989868164,\n              43.71925681186759\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75887489318848,\n              43.71925681186759\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75887489318848,\n              43.73978616175876\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78573989868164,\n              43.73978616175876\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78573989868164,\n              43.71925681186759\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, Douglas M.","contributorId":176501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swineford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katsma, Dale E.","contributorId":7790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katsma","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221954,"text":"5221954 - 1984 - Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: Technical grade versus granular formulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5221954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: Technical grade versus granular formulations","docAbstract":"The acute toxicities of 13 granular anticholinesterase insecticides were compared with their technical grade active ingredients by administering single oral doses of chemical to adult Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and evaluating resultant LD50 values and dose-response curves. Similar tests with ringed turtledoves (Streptopelia risoria) were conducted with five of the granular formulations to check for interspecific differences. The test chemicals were Amaze 15G (isofenphos), Counter 15G (terbufos), Dasanit 15G (fensulfothion), Diazinon 14G (diazinon), Di-Syston 15G (disulfoton), Dyfonate 20G (fonofos), Furadan 10G (carbofuran), Lorsban 15G (chlorpyrifos), Nemacur 15G (fenamiphos), Parathion 10G (parathion), Tattoo 10G (bendiocarb), Temik 15G (aldicarb), and Thimet 15G (phorate). Information is also presented on dose-response relations and their use in hazard assessment, granule size and hazard, response patterns, and toxic signs. The general conclusions were: (1) The organophosphates (fenamiphos and fensulfothion) and the carbamate (aldicarb) were the most toxic of the insecticides tested. (2) The granular formulation and its technical grade active ingredient were of equivalent toxicity, or the granular was significantly less toxic. (3) The dose-response curve enhances hazard assessment. (4) Ingestion of a single granule of Temik 15G was shown to be life threatening to bobwhite-sized birds, and ingestion of fewer than five granules could be lethal to sparrow-sized birds for Dasanit 15G, Diazinon 14G, Dyfonate 20G, Furadan 15G, and Nemacur 15G. (5) It is therefore suggested that the hazard associated with granular insecticides may be more dependent on which species (cf. size and feeding behavior) inhabit a treated area than on the actual application rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0147-6513(84)90015-0","collaboration":"3024_Hill.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., and Camardese, M., 1984, Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: Technical grade versus granular formulations: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 8, no. 6, p. 551-563, https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(84)90015-0.","productDescription":"551-563","startPage":"551","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18253,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(84)90015-0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221945,"text":"5221945 - 1984 - Avian models for toxicity testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:13:00.891075","indexId":"5221945","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2520,"text":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian models for toxicity testing","docAbstract":"<p><span>The use of birds as test models in experimental and environmental toxicology as related to health effects is reviewed, and an overview of descriptive tests routinely used in wildlife toxicology is provided. Toxicologic research on birds may be applicable to human health both directly by their use as models for mechanistic and descriptive studies and indirectly as monitors of environmental quality. Topics include the use of birds as models for study of teratogenesis and embryotoxicity, neurotoxicity, behavior, trends of environmental pollution, and for use in predictive wildlife toxicology. Uses of domestic and wild-captured birds are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.3109/10915818409104398","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., and Hoffman, D.J., 1984, Avian models for toxicity testing: Journal of the American College of Toxicology, v. 3, no. 6, p. 357-376, https://doi.org/10.3109/10915818409104398.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221960,"text":"5221960 - 1984 - Lead concentrations and reproduction in highway-nesting barn swallows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:45:24.305417","indexId":"5221960","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead concentrations and reproduction in highway-nesting barn swallows","docAbstract":"Swallows (Hirundo rustica) collected within the right-of-way of a major Maryland highway were greater than those found in Barn Swallows nesting within a rural area. Lead concentrations in the feathers of adults from the highway colony were also greater than Lead concentrations in the carcasses and stomach contents of adult and nestling Barn those of rural adults, but concentrations in the feathers of nestlings from the two locations were similar. Activity of u-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells was lower in highway-nesting adults and their young than in their rural counterparts, although hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits did not differ. The number of eggs, nestlings, and body weights of the latter at 16-18 days of age were similar in the two colonies, as were body weights of adults from the two areas. These results suggest that contamination of roadside habitats by lead from automotive emissions does not pose a serious hazard to birds that are aerial feeders.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366811","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., O'Shea, T., and Hoffman, D.J., 1984, Lead concentrations and reproduction in highway-nesting barn swallows: Condor, v. 86, no. 4, p. 383-389, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366811.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol86/iss4/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":196199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223690,"text":"5223690 - 1984 - Estimating prey size and number in crayfish-eating snakes, genus Regina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5223690","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating prey size and number in crayfish-eating snakes, genus Regina","docAbstract":" Snakes of the genus Regina feed almost exclusively on crayfish. The paired, symmetrical gastroliths of crayfish are not digested and are detectable from x-rays of the snake. Gastrolith length is directly proportional to carapace length and can be obtained from x-rays. Carapace length can be converted to kcal of ingested energy. Using these relationships and repeated captures of radio-telemetered Regina, estimates of food consumption and energy intake by freeliving snakes are feasible. New information on prey selectivity, feeding behavior, and predator-prey size relations in Regina grahami and R. septemvittata are presented and compared with similar data for other snakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Godley, J., McDiarmid, R., and Rojas, N., 1984, Estimating prey size and number in crayfish-eating snakes, genus Regina: Herpetologica, v. 40, no. 1, p. 82-88.","productDescription":"82-88","startPage":"82","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18247,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892464","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godley, J.S.","contributorId":15731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rojas, N.N.","contributorId":41555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojas","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}