{"pageNumber":"4577","pageRowStart":"114400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70016027,"text":"70016027 - 1989 - Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T11:01:47.057678","indexId":"70016027","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters","docAbstract":"
Cores collected from Long Island Sound, Connecticut, were used to establish control on the geologic framework of the area. Lithologic and stratigraphic analyses verified the presence of the following units: (1) Cretaceous coastal plain, (2) Pleistocene glacial till, (3) late Pleistocene glacial lake, (4) late Pleistocene glacial outwash, and (5) Holocene fluvial, estuarine and marine deposits.
Cores collected in Block Island Sound, Rhode Island, were obtained from inferred, relict shoreline features and were analyzed for heavy mineral content. Concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.4%; no significant downcore changes were found. The results indicated that surficial sediments in areas of high-velocity tidal flow yield greater amounts of heavy minerals than do inferred placer deposits.
During the second phase of the program of study, Connecticut and Rhode Island pooled resources to develop a study plan for the comprehensive quantification of all non-energy resources in the adjacent waters of the states. A literature and data survey was conducted to assess the occurrence, extent, and accessibility of these resources. Sand and gravel and heavy minerals were found in concentrations offering potential for resource exploitation. Constraints on exploitation include (1) water depth restrictions for the protection of shellfish beds and public beaches, (2) fishing activities, (3) military, commercial, and fishing vessel traffic, (4) seafloor cable routes and (5) dump sites. Deposits composed of Pleistocene glacial sediments and/or Holocene marine sediments in regions of little or no user conflict were identified as sites potentially suitable for resource exploitation. The study plan stated additional data needs (geophysical profiling and vibracore sampling) at these sites. Subsequent to these recommendations, high-resolution seismic profiles and sidescan sonographs were obtained from these sites. Seismic stratigraphic analyses confirm the presence of extensive deposits of potential economic value.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(89)90122-9","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Neff, N., and Lewis, R.S., 1989, Non-energy resources, Connecticut and Rhode Island coastal waters: Marine Geology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 125-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90122-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6743e4b0c8380cd7324e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, N.F.","contributorId":98042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016052,"text":"70016052 - 1989 - On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T00:37:33.280479","indexId":"70016052","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation","docAbstract":"

We point out basic parallels between theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation. We consider approximations to scattering effects presented by O'Doherty and Anstey (1971), Sato (1982), and Wu (1982). We use the linear theory of anelasticity. We note that the frequency dependence of Q can be related to a distribution of scales of physical properties of the medium. The frequency dependence of anelastic Q is related to the distribution of relaxation times in exactly the same manner as the frequency dependence of scattering Q is related to the distribution of scatterer sizes. Thus, the well-known difficulty of separating scattering from intrinsic attenuation is seen from this point of view as a consequence of the fact that certain observables can be interpreted by identical equations resulting from either of two credible physical theories describing fundamentally different processes. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790041287","usgsCitation":"Wennerberg, L., and Frankel, A.D., 1989, On the similarity of theories of anelastic and scattering attenuation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 4, p. 1287-1293, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790041287.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1287","endPage":"1293","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/79/4/1287/102447/On-the-similarity-of-theories-of-anelastic-and"},{"id":223193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dfae4b0c8380cd7541f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wennerberg, Leif","contributorId":96008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015949,"text":"70015949 - 1989 - Hydraulic analysis of the Schoharie Creek bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015949","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydraulic analysis of the Schoharie Creek bridge","docAbstract":"Ten people died on April 5, 1987 as a result of the collapse of two spans of a New York State Thruway bridge into the floodwaters of Schoharie Creek. The cause of the bridge failure was determined to be scour of bed material from under the foundations of piers supporting the bridge. To evaluate the hydraulic conditions that produced the scour, a two-dimensional finite element surface-water flow model was constructed. The model was used to obtain a detailed description of water-surface elevations and depth-averaged velocities within a reach that extends from about 4000 ft downstream of the bridge to about 6000 ft upstream of the bridge.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., and Trent, R.E., 1989, Hydraulic analysis of the Schoharie Creek bridge, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 887-892.","startPage":"887","endPage":"892","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32d2e4b0c8380cd5eadd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trent, Roy E.","contributorId":26815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016030,"text":"70016030 - 1989 - Present-day biogeochemical activities of anaerobic bacteria and their relevance to future exobiological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:04:21","indexId":"70016030","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Present-day biogeochemical activities of anaerobic bacteria and their relevance to future exobiological investigations","docAbstract":"

If the primordial atmosphere was reducing, then the first microbial ecosystem was probably composed of anaerobic bacteria. However, despite the presence of an oxygen-rich atmosphere, anaerobic habitats are important, commonplace components of the Earth's present biosphere. The geochemical activities displayed by these anaerobes impact the global cycling of certain elements (e.g., C, N, S, Fe, Mn, etc.). Methane provides an obvious example of how human-enhanced activities on a global scale can influence the content of a \"radiative\" (i.e., infrared absorbing) trace gas in the atmosphere. Methane can be oxidized by anaerobic bacteria, but this does not appear to support their growth. Acetylene, however, does support such growth. This may form the basis for future exobiological investigations of the atmospheres of anoxic, hydrocarbon-rich planets like Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the latter's satellite Titan.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(89)90218-4","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., 1989, Present-day biogeochemical activities of anaerobic bacteria and their relevance to future exobiological investigations: Advances in Space Research, v. 9, no. 6, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90218-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b4ae4b0c8380cd7e1e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016053,"text":"70016053 - 1989 - Survey of three-dimensional numerical estuarine models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016053","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Survey of three-dimensional numerical estuarine models","docAbstract":"This paper surveys the existing 3-D estuarine hydrodynamic and solute transport models by a review of the commonly used assumptions and approximations, and by an examination of the methods of solution. The model formulations, methods of solution, and known applications are surveyed and summarized in tables. In conclusion, the authors present their modeling philosophy and suggest future research needs.","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference","conferenceDate":"15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989","conferenceLocation":"Newport, RI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627586","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Smith, P.E., 1989, Survey of three-dimensional numerical estuarine models, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference, Newport, RI, USA, 15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989, p. 1-15.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba29ce4b08c986b31f81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Peter E.","contributorId":50609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016021,"text":"70016021 - 1989 - The use of total lake-surface area as an indicator of climatic change: Examples from the Lahontan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:00:30","indexId":"70016021","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of total lake-surface area as an indicator of climatic change: Examples from the Lahontan basin","docAbstract":"Variation in the size of lakes in the Lahontan basin is topographically constrained. River diversion also has played a major role in regulating lake size in Lahontan subbasins. The proper gage of lake response to change in the hydrologic balance is neither lake depth (level) nor lake volume but instead lake-surface area. Normalization of surface area is necessary when comparing surface areas of lakes in basins having different topographies. To a first approximation, normalization can be accomplished by dividing the paleosurface area of a lake by its mean-historical, reconstructed surface area. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(89)90093-8","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., and Paillet, F.L., 1989, The use of total lake-surface area as an indicator of climatic change: Examples from the Lahontan basin: Quaternary Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 262-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90093-8.","startPage":"262","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266521,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90093-8"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb19de4b08c986b32536d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016022,"text":"70016022 - 1989 - Geochemical controls on vanadium accumulation in fossil fuels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70016022","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical controls on vanadium accumulation in fossil fuels","docAbstract":"High vanadium contents in petroleum and other fossil fuels have been attributed to organic-matter type, organisms, volcanic emanations, diffusion of sea water, and epigenetic enrichment. However, these factors are inadequate to account for the high abundance of vanadium in some fossil fuels and the paucity in others. By examining vanadium deposits in sedimentary rocks with sparse organic matter, constraints are placed on processes controlling vanadium accumulation in organic-rich sediments. Vanadium, as vanadate (V(V)), entered some depositional basins in oxidizing waters from dry, subaerial environments. Upon contact with organic matter in anoxic waters, V(V) is reduced to vanadyl (V(IV)), which can be removed from the water column by adsorption. H2S reduces V(IV) to V(III), which hydrolyzes and precipitates. The lack of V(III) in petroleum suggests that reduction of V(IV) to V(III) is inhibited by organic complexes. In the absence of strong complexing agents, V(III) forms and is incorporated in clay minerals.","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints Symposia","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., and Wanty, R., 1989, Geochemical controls on vanadium accumulation in fossil fuels, in Preprints Symposia, v. 34, no. 1.","startPage":"176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15fae4b0c8380cd54ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015950,"text":"70015950 - 1989 - Search for clues to Mesozoic graben on Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T11:03:42.746278","indexId":"70015950","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for clues to Mesozoic graben on Long Island","docAbstract":"
The position of Long Island between the Hartford Basin of Connecticut and graben structures reported from seismic reflection studies offshore to the south of the island suggests the possibility that other grabens associated with the early Mesozoic rifting might be buried beneath central Long Island. The hypothesis that post-rift tectonic activity would be related to the rift grabens and that such activity would be expressed in the post-rift sedimentary deposits led to a study of the Cretaceous and Pleistocene section to seek clues for buried grabens on Long Island.
The Pleistocene glacial deposits in central and eastern Long Island have been mapped and a pollen zonation in the Upper Cretaceous section in the central part established. This work, combined with literature research, suggests the following:
  • 1.
    (1) In central Long Island, the spacing of wells which reach basement enables a NE- striking zone free of basement samples to be defined where a buried graben could occur. This zone is referred to as the “permissible zone” because within it the data permit the existence of a hidden graben.
  • 2.
    (2) The abrupt changes in the thickness of some pollen zones in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of central Long Island may be related to Cretaceous faulting.
  • 3.
    (3) Buried preglacial valleys, the confluence of glacial lobes and major glacial outwash channels seem concentrated in west central and central Long Island. The loci of these drainage features may reflect structural control by a basement depression.
  • 4.
    (4) The “permissible zone” is aligned with the zone of structures in an offshore zone south of central Long Island and with the Hartford Basin in Connecticut. Geophysical anomalies also fit into this pattern.
  • 5.
    (5) A definitive answer to the question of a buried graben on Long Island will require a seismic line across the “permissible zone”, or further drilling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(89)90121-7","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Rogers, W., Aparisi, M., and Sirkin, L., 1989, Search for clues to Mesozoic graben on Long Island: Marine Geology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 119-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90121-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8841e4b08c986b3168a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, W.B.","contributorId":20826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aparisi, M.","contributorId":8999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aparisi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sirkin, L.","contributorId":63954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sirkin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015260,"text":"70015260 - 1989 - The effects of volcanic ash on the maceral and chemical composition of the C coal bed, Emery Coal Field, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T16:51:20.738615","indexId":"70015260","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of volcanic ash on the maceral and chemical composition of the C coal bed, Emery Coal Field, Utah","docAbstract":"

Volcanic ash which fell in the peat swamp that formed the Upper Cretaceous C coal bed (Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, Utah) produced semi-impermeable layers that caused the ponding of surface waters. Coal samples from directly above tonsteins (altered volcanic ash partings) are enriched in desmocollinite, telinite, and detrocollinite, as a result of poorly drained swamp conditions; coal samples from directly below tonsteins are enriched in semifusinite, inertodetrinite, and fusinite, as a result of well-drained conditions. Leaching of the volcanic ash or the incorporation of volcanic ash in peat provided a source for many elements (including Zr, Nb, Th, and Ce) that are enriched in coal samples taken from directly above and below tonsteins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(89)90059-4","usgsCitation":"Crowley, S.S., Stanton, R., and Ryer, T., 1989, The effects of volcanic ash on the maceral and chemical composition of the C coal bed, Emery Coal Field, Utah: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 3, p. 315-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(89)90059-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Emery Coal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.36945135351807,\n 39.001451779888896\n ],\n [\n -111.36945135351807,\n 38.836898312543894\n ],\n [\n -111.09522486740309,\n 38.836898312543894\n ],\n [\n -111.09522486740309,\n 39.001451779888896\n ],\n [\n -111.36945135351807,\n 39.001451779888896\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babaae4b08c986b322fc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryer, Thomas A.","contributorId":46091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryer","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015424,"text":"70015424 - 1989 - Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:09:35.172787","indexId":"70015424","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Primary productivity in the water column was measured 14 times between April 1985 and April 1986 at three sites in Tomales Bay, California, USA The conditions at these three stations encompassed the range of hydrographic conditions, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton community composition, and turbidity typical of this coastal embayment. Linear regression of the measured daily carbon uptake against the composite parameter B Zp Io (where B is the average phytoplankton biomass in the photic zone; Zp is the photic depth; and Io is the daily surface insolation) indicates that 90% of the variability in primary productivity is explained by variations in phytoplankton biomass and light availability. The linear function derived using Tomales Bay data is essentially the same as that which explains more than 80% of the variation in productivity in four other estuarine systems. Using the linear function and measured values for B, Zp, and Io, the daily photic-zone productivity was estimated for 10 sites at monthly intervals over the annual period. The average daily photic-zone productivity for the 10 sites ranged from 0·2 to 2·2 g C m−2. The bay-wide average annual primary productivity in the water column was 400 g C m−2, with most of the uptake occuring in spring and early summer. Spatial and temporal variations in primary productivity were similar to variations in phytoplankton biomass. Productivity was highest in the seaward and central regions of the bay and lowest in the shallow landward region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., 1989, Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 1, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tomales Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.81795834500238,\n 38.064691049842935\n ],\n [\n -122.8186964817126,\n 38.07398879812351\n ],\n [\n -122.82386343868507,\n 38.07960561502537\n ],\n [\n -122.82238716526439,\n 38.091806178957114\n 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-122.84859707940294,\n 38.09228936974523\n ],\n [\n -122.84343012243048,\n 38.088610073341954\n ],\n [\n -122.83629480089712,\n 38.081057253162214\n ],\n [\n -122.8313738894949,\n 38.07582792059921\n ],\n [\n -122.82300834011087,\n 38.06226865033835\n ],\n [\n -122.81759533756818,\n 38.0616874825931\n ],\n [\n -122.81795834500238,\n 38.064691049842935\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f1e4b08c986b3206b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015426,"text":"70015426 - 1989 - Early Proterozoic activity on Archean faults in the western Superior province - evidence from pseudotachylite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:07:16.167332","indexId":"70015426","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Proterozoic activity on Archean faults in the western Superior province - evidence from pseudotachylite","docAbstract":"

Late Archean granitic plutons (∼2700 to 2665 Ma; U-Pb zircon) of the Superior structural province are cut by a variety of brittle discontinuities, including joints, fractures, and faults, the latter of which show evidence of cataclasis and meter to tens of meters displacements. Fluid circulation, alteration of wall rocks, and neomineralization of epidote, actinolite, and chlorite occurred under greenschist facies conditions in these structures at the time of their formation. The Rb-Sr ages of host rocks are ∼2650 Ma, and the fracture-zone materials are 2300 Ma, indicating that most of this activity occurred long after Archean plutonism and was concentrated in Early Proterozoic time. The brittle structures formed in response to horizontal compression on a regional scale, possibly caused by tectonic processes at margins of the craton. The structures are seen as important clues to the tectonic evolution of the Superior province.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1623:EPDITW>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., and Day, W., 1989, Early Proterozoic activity on Archean faults in the western Superior province - evidence from pseudotachylite: Geology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 1089-1092, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1623:EPDITW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1092","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a047ce4b0c8380cd509f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, W. 0000-0002-9278-2120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":72136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015427,"text":"70015427 - 1989 - Patterns of sediment accumulation in the tidal marshes of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:11:46.277946","indexId":"70015427","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of sediment accumulation in the tidal marshes of Maine","docAbstract":"

One year's measurements of surficial sedimentation rates (1986-1987) for 26 Maine marsh sites were made over marker horizons of brick dust. Observed sediment accumulation rates, from 0 to 13 mm yr-1, were compared with marsh morphology, local relative sea-level rise rate, mean tidal range, and ice rafting activity. Marshes with four different morphologies (back-barrier, fluvial, bluff-toe, and transitional) showed distinctly different sediment accumulation rates. In general, back-barrier marshes had the highest accumulation rates and blufftoe marshes had the lowest rates, with intermediate values for transitional and fluvial marshes. No causal relationship between modern marsh sediment accumulation rate and relative sea-level rise rate (from tide gauge records) was observed. Marsh accretionary balance (sediment accumulation rate minus relative sea-level rise rate) did not correlate with mean tidal range for this meso- to macro-tidal area. Estimates of ice-rafted debris on marsh sites ranged from 0% to >100% of measured surficial sedimentation rates, indicating that ice transport of sediment may make a significant contribution to surficial sedimentation on Maine salt marshes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351903","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Wood, M., Kelley, J.T., and Belknap, D.F., 1989, Patterns of sediment accumulation in the tidal marshes of Maine: Estuaries, v. 12, no. 4, p. 237-246, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351903.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75e9e4b0c8380cd77dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, M.E.","contributorId":104227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015428,"text":"70015428 - 1989 - Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:18:34.318727","indexId":"70015428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","docAbstract":"Problems include: a) definition of the spatial and temporal distribution of model input; b) measurement or estimation of snow accumulation, snowmelt, and runoff process parameters for a range of applications and scales; and c) development of accurate short term and long term snowmelt runoff forecasts. Procedures being investigated to solve these problems include: a) integrating conventional and remote-sensing data to improve estimates of input data; b) developing snowmelt process algorithms which have parameters that are closely related to measurable basin and climatic characteristics; and c) updating model paramters and components using measured data or knowledge of past uncertainty. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668909491371","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1989, Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 34, no. 6, p. 617-634, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ce2e4b0c8380cd7e93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015432,"text":"70015432 - 1989 - Nitrogen cycling between sediment and the shallow-water column in the transition zone of the Potomac River and Estuary. II. The role of wind-driven resuspension and adsorbed ammonium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:01:04.98295","indexId":"70015432","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen cycling between sediment and the shallow-water column in the transition zone of the Potomac River and Estuary. II. The role of wind-driven resuspension and adsorbed ammonium","docAbstract":"

During periods of sediment resuspension, desorption of ammonium from sediment solids can be the major pathway for enriching the water column with the ammonium that is produced by bacterial degradation of organic matter in the bottom material. This hyopthesis is based on a three-year study of diffusive flux in the transition zone of the Potomac River at a site 35 m from the Virginia shore where the average water-column depth is approximately 1 m over sandy sediment.

A diffusion-controlled sampler was used to collect water samples at the interface between the water column and sediment and at several tens of centimeters into the sediment. Interstitial water concentration gradients showed that diffusive flux of ammonium from the sandy shallow-water sediments was approximately 1% of the diffusive flux of ammonium from the silty channel sediments in the same zone of the Potomac River.

Organic nitrogen and bound or adsorbed ammonium were the predominant nitrogen forms in the sediment. Adsorbed ammonium concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 3·7 μmol g−1 of sediment. Concentrations of adsorbed ammonium per gram of sediment were one to three orders of magnitude more than interstitial water ammonium concentrations.

Desorption of ammonium from sediment solids appeared to be the controlling factor in the degree of water-column ammonium enrichment. In laboratory experiments that simulated sediment resuspension, 40–80% of the adsorbed ammonium predicted to desorb did so after approximately 30 min of mixing. Based on calculations for 1 m2 to a depth of 4 cm, one resuspenion event lasting minutes could mix more ammonium into the water column from desorption of ammonium from sediment solids than could be delivered to the water column by diffusive flux from shallow-water sediments in 10–1000 days and would be comparable to enrichment by ammonium diffusive flux for 5–50 days from channel sediments in the same river zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90028-0","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., 1989, Nitrogen cycling between sediment and the shallow-water column in the transition zone of the Potomac River and Estuary. II. The role of wind-driven resuspension and adsorbed ammonium: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 5, p. 531-547, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90028-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.02023194914223,\n 38.35984238176678\n ],\n [\n -76.97245257347528,\n 38.365557182987686\n ],\n [\n -76.99026861185914,\n 38.41379751048811\n ],\n [\n -77.02023194914223,\n 38.46517611116633\n ],\n [\n -77.01132392994992,\n 38.492436309451676\n ],\n [\n -77.02428104877454,\n 38.51778537734839\n ],\n [\n -77.14089511819843,\n 38.47975842979767\n ],\n [\n -77.19191377357154,\n 38.430927773770435\n ],\n [\n -77.22187711085384,\n 38.38269887943608\n ],\n [\n -77.24131278909154,\n 38.393489715901154\n ],\n [\n -77.25022080828309,\n 38.41506655819708\n ],\n [\n -77.2445520687977,\n 38.43600262711209\n ],\n [\n -77.25750918762232,\n 38.464542030412844\n ],\n [\n -77.26155828725543,\n 38.487365425224624\n ],\n [\n -77.2445520687977,\n 38.52222054684486\n ],\n [\n -77.20972981195538,\n 38.54629241239056\n ],\n [\n -77.30447874336234,\n 38.57415503527781\n ],\n [\n -77.34173045998388,\n 38.51525087208174\n ],\n [\n -77.38546073601775,\n 38.470248556497694\n ],\n [\n -77.38708037587082,\n 38.437905605153986\n ],\n [\n -77.36845451756007,\n 38.34206011504722\n ],\n [\n -77.25265026806309,\n 38.32046149278494\n ],\n [\n -77.14818349753766,\n 38.33189685939831\n ],\n [\n -77.1174103403284,\n 38.35539722445435\n ],\n [\n -77.07934880377995,\n 38.363019910750694\n ],\n [\n -77.04412163697494,\n 38.38174838959573\n ],\n [\n -77.02023194914223,\n 38.35984238176678\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66cde4b0c8380cd72fd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015441,"text":"70015441 - 1989 - Morphology of sea-floor landslides on Horizon Guyot: application of steady-state geotechnical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:27:53","indexId":"70015441","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of sea-floor landslides on Horizon Guyot: application of steady-state geotechnical analysis","docAbstract":"Mass movement and erosion have been identified on the pelagic sediment cap of Horizon Guyot, a seamount in the Mid-Pacific Mountains. Trends in the size, shape and preservation of bedforms and sediment textural trends on the pelagic cap indicate that bottom-current-generated sediment transport direction is upslope. Slumping of the sediment cap occurred on and that the net bedload transport direction is upslope. Slumping of the sediment cap occurred on the northwest side of the guyot on a 1.6?? to 2.0?? slope in the zone of enhanced bottom-current activity. Submersible investigations of these slump blocks show them to be discrete and to have a relief of 6-15 m, with nodular chert beds cropping out along the headwall of individual rotated blocks. An evaluation of the stability of the sediment cap suggests that the combination of the current-induced beveling of the sea floor and infrequent earthquake loading accompanied by cyclic strength reduction is responsible for the initiation of slumps. The sediment in the area of slumping moved short distances in relatively coherent masses, whereas sediment that has moved beyond the summit cap perimeter has fully mobilized into sediment gravity flows and traveled large distances. A steady-state geotechnical analysis of Horizon Guyot sediment indicates the predisposition of deeply buried sediment towards disintegrative flow failure on appropriately steep slopes. Thus, slope failure in this deeper zone would include large amounts of internal deformation. However, gravitational stress in the near-surface sediment of the summit cap (sub-bottom depth < 14 m) is insufficient to maintain downslope movement after initial failure occurs. The predicted morphology of coherent slump blocks displaced and rafted upon a weakened zone at depth corresponds well with seismic-reflection data and submersible observations. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(89)90114-3","issn":"01980149","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., Torresan, M., Hein, J., Quinterno, P., and Levin, L., 1989, Morphology of sea-floor landslides on Horizon Guyot: application of steady-state geotechnical analysis: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 36, no. 12, p. 1817-1839, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90114-3.","startPage":"1817","endPage":"1839","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269290,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90114-3"},{"id":224038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e59e4b0c8380cd7099c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torresan, M.E.","contributorId":22775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levin, L.A.","contributorId":81149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70015410,"text":"70015410 - 1989 - Moderate-temperature zeolitic alteration in a cooling pyroclastic deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:47:48","indexId":"70015410","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderate-temperature zeolitic alteration in a cooling pyroclastic deposit","docAbstract":"The locally zeolitized Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff (13 Myr.), Yucca Mountain, Nevada, U.S.A., is part of a thick sequence of zeolitized pyroclastic units. Most of the zeolitized units are nonwelded tuffs that were altered during low-temperature diagenesis, but the distribution and textural setting of zeolite (heulandite-clinoptilolite) and smectite in the densely welded Topopah Spring tuff suggest that these hydrous minerals formed while the tuff was still cooling after pyroclastic emplacement and welding. The hydrous minerals are concentrated within a transition zone between devitrified tuff in the central part of the unit and underlying vitrophyre. Movement of liquid and convected heat along fractures from the devitrified tuff to the ritrophyre caused local devitrification and hydrous mineral crystallization. Oxygen isotope geothermometry of cogenetic quartz confirms the nondiagenetic moderate temperature origin of the hydrous minerals at temperatures of ??? 40-100??C, assuming a meteoric water source. The Topopah Spring tuff is under consideration for emplacement of a high-level nuclear waste repository. The natural rock alteration of the cooling pyroclastic deposit may be a good natural analog for repository-induced hydrothermal alteration. As a result of repository thermal loading, temperatures in the Topopah Spring vitrophyre may rise sufficiently to duplicate the inferred temperatures of natural zeolitic alteration. Heated water moving downward from the repository into the vitrophyre may contribute to new zeolitic alteration. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(89)90100-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Levy, S.S., and O’Neil, J.R., 1989, Moderate-temperature zeolitic alteration in a cooling pyroclastic deposit: Chemical Geology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 321-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(89)90100-9.","startPage":"321","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266086,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(89)90100-9"},{"id":224310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c86e4b0c8380cd6fd6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levy, S. S.","contributorId":18630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015442,"text":"70015442 - 1989 - Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:13:41","indexId":"70015442","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Synchronized measurements of geomagnetic field have been recorded along 800 km of the San Andreas fault and in the Long Valley caldera since 1974, and during eruptions on Mount St. Helens since 1980. For shorter periods of time, continuous measurements of geoelectric field measurements have been made on Mount St. Helens and near the San Andreas fault where moderate seismicity and fault slip frequently occurs. Significant tectonic and volcanic events for which nearby magnetic and electric field data have been obtained include: (1) two moderate earthquakes (ML > 5.8) for which magnetometers were close enough to expect observable signals (about three source lengths), (2) one moderate earthquake (MS 7.3) for which magnetometers were installed as massive fluid outflow occurred during the post-seismic phase, (3) numerous fault creep events and moderate seismicity, (4) a major explosive volcanic eruption and numerous minor extrusive eruptions, and (5) an episode of aseismic uplift. For one of the two earthquakes with ML > 5.8, seismomagnetic effects of -1.3 and -0.3 nT were observed. For this event, magnetometers were optimally located near the epicenter and the observations obtained are consistent with simple seismomagnetic models of the event. Similar models for the other event indicate that the expected seismomagnetic effects are below the signal resolution of the nearest magnetometer. Precursive tectonomagnetic effects were recorded on two independent instruments at distances of 30 and 50 km from a ML 5.2 earthquake. Longer-term changes were recorded in one region in southern California where a moderate ML 5.9 earthquake has since occurred. Surface observations of fault creep events have no associated magnetic or electrical signature above the present measurement precision (0.25 nT and 0.01%, respectively) and are consistent with near-surface fault failure models of these events. Longer-term creep is sometimes associated with corresponding longer-term magnetic field perturbations. Correlated changes in gravity, magnetic field, areal strain, and uplift occurred during episodes of aseismic deformation in southern California primarily between 1979 and 1983. Because the relationships between these parameters agrees with those calculated from simple deformation and tectonomagnetic models, the preferred explanation appeals to short-term strain episodes independently detected in each data set. An unknown source of meteorologically generated noise in the strain, gravity, and uplift data and an unknown, but correlated, disturbance in the absolute magnetic data might also explain the data. No clear observations of seismoelectric or tectonoelectric effects have yet been reported. The eruption of Mount St. Helens generated large oscillatory fields and 9 ?? 2 nT offset on the only surviving magnetometer. A large-scale traveling magnetic disturbance passed through the San Andreas array from 1 to 2 h after the eruption. Subsequent extrusive eruptions generated small precursory magnetic changes in some cases. These data are consistent with a simple volcanomagnetic model, magneto-gas dynamic effects, and a blast excited traveling ionospheric disturbance. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), also generated by earthquake-related atmospheric pressure waves, may explain many electromagnetic disturbances apparently associated with earthquakes. Local near-fault magnetic field transients rarely exceed a few nT at periods of a few minutes and longer. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., 1989, Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 47-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267323,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6"},{"id":224039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac75e4b0c8380cd86d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015447,"text":"70015447 - 1989 - Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of Martian surface materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T17:01:30.31105","indexId":"70015447","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of Martian surface materials","docAbstract":"

Important problems that confront future scientific exploration of Mars include the physical properties of Martian surface materials and the geologic processes that formed the materials. The design of landing spacecraft, roving vehicles, and sampling devices and the selection of landing sites, vehicle traverses, and sample sites will be, in part, guided by the physical properties of the materials. Four materials occur in the sample fields of the Viking landers: (1) drift, (2) crusty to cloddy, (3) blocky, and (4) rock. The first three are soillike. Drift materials is weak, loose, and porous. We estimate that it has a dielectric constant near 2.4 and a thermal inertia near 1 &#xD7; 10&#x2212;3to3 &#xD7; 10&#x2212;3(cal cm&#x2212;2sec12K&#x2212;1)\">1 × 10−3 to 3 × 10−3(cal cm−2sec12K−1) because of its low bulk density, fine grain size, and small cohesion. Crusty to cloddy material is expected to have a dielectric constant near 2.8 and a thermal inertia near 4 × 10−3 to 7 × 10−3 because of its moderate bulk density and cementation of grains. Blocky material should have a dielectric constant near 3.3 and a thermal inertia near 7 × 10−3 to 9 × 10−3 because of its moderate bulk density and cementation. Common basaltic rocks have dielectric constants near 8 and thermal inertias near 30 × 10−3 to 60 × 10−3. Comparisons of estimated dielectric constants and thermal inertias of the materials at the landing sites with those obtained remotely by Earth-based radars and Viking Orbiter thermal sensors suggest that the materials at the landing sites are good analogs for materials elsewhere on Mars. Correlation of remotely estimated dielectric constant and thermal inertias indicates two modal values for paired values of dielectric constants and thermal inertias near (A) 2 and 2 × 10−3 and (B) 3 and 6 × 10−3, respectively. These two modes are comparable to the dielectric constants and thermal inertias for drift and crusty to cloddy material, respectively. Dielectric constants and thermal inertias for blocky material are larger but consistent with values in the northern plains. Our interpretations are compatible with an aeolian origin for drift and similar materials elsewhere on Mars. The postulate that moderate dielectric constants and thermal inertias larger than 3 or 4 × 10−3 are produced by cementation of soillike materials is partly consistent with the data. The average dielectric constant and thermal inertia and their correlation with one another suggest that most of the surface of Mars should present few difficulties to future surface exploration, but some surfaces may present difficulties for spacecraft that are not suitably designed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(89)90132-2","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Moore, H., and Jakosky, B., 1989, Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of Martian surface materials: Icarus, v. 81, no. 1, p. 164-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(89)90132-2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc267e4b08c986b32ab09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015456,"text":"70015456 - 1989 - 40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:01:59.528873","indexId":"70015456","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate","docAbstract":"

The mineralogy of shocked mineral and lithic grains in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary claystone worldwide is most consistent with a bolide impact on a continent. Both the concentrations and sizes of these shocked grains are greatest in the western interior of North America. These data suggest that the Manson impact structure in north-central Iowa is a viable candidate for the K-T boundary impact event. Argon-40–argon-39 age spectrum dating of shocked microcline from the crystalline central uplift of the Manson impact structure indicates that there was severe argon-40 loss at 65.7 ± 1.0 million years ago, an age that is indistinguishable from that of the K-T boundary, within the limits of analytical precision.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4912.1565","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Izett, G., Haugerud, R., and Sutter, J.F., 1989, 40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate: Science, v. 244, no. 4912, p. 1565-1568, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4912.1565.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1565","endPage":"1568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","issue":"4912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25fe4b0c8380cd45b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izett, G. A.","contributorId":21131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015459,"text":"70015459 - 1989 - Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:36:25","indexId":"70015459","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

Sediment samples from nearshore sites in south San Francisco Bay and from streams flowing into that section of the Bay have been characterized in terms of their content of biogenic and anthropogenic molecular marker compounds. The distributions, input sources, and applicability of these compounds in determining sediment movement are discussed. By means of inspection and multivariate analysis, the compounds were grouped according to probable input sources and the sampling stations according to the relative importance of source contributions. A suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dominated by pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene, typical of estuarine environments worldwide, and suites of mature sterane and hopane biomarkers were found to be most suitable as background markers for the Bay. A homologous series of long-chain n-aldehydes (C12-C32) with a strong even-over-odd carbon number dominance in the higher molecular weight range and the ubiquitous n-alkanes (n-C24-C34) with a strong odd-over-even carbon number dominance were utilized as terrigenous markers. Several ratios of these terrigenous and Bay markers were calculated for each station. These ratios and the statistical indicators from the multivariate analysis point toward a strong terrigenous signal in the terminus of South Bay and indicate net directional movement of recently introduced sediment where nontidal currents had been considered to be minimal or nonexistent and tidal currents had been assumed to be dominant.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F., Rapp, J.B., Kvenvolden, K., and Samuel, N.L., 1989, Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fc4e4b0c8380cd75c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, N L.","contributorId":107436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"N","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015405,"text":"70015405 - 1989 - Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T15:52:49.243761","indexId":"70015405","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"

The Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment is focusing close attention on the 44-km-long section of the San Andreas fault that last ruptured seismically in 1966 (Ms 6.0). The 20-km-long central segment of the 1966 Parkfield rupture, extending from the mainshock epicenter at Middle Mountain southeastward to Gold Hill, forms a 1- to 2-km salient northeastward away from the dominant N40°W strike. Following the 1966 earthquake afterslip, aseismic slip has been nearly constant. Moderate Parkfield earthquakes have recurred on average every 21 years since 1857, when a great earthquake (M≈8) ruptured at least as far north as the southern Parkfield segment. Many measurements of slip have been made near Parkfield since 1966. Nevertheless, much of the history of surface slip remained uncertain, especially the total amount associated with the 1966 event. In 1985 we measured accumulated slip on the four oldest cultural features offset by the fault along the 1966 Parkfield rupture segment. We interpret net slip on each feature as a sum of event slip (sum of coseismic and rapid preseismic and postseismic slip) from Parkfield earthquakes and steady interseismic slip as measured over the last 20 years on nearby alinement arrays, creep meters, and trilateration lines. We assumed for each site that event slip was identical for the 1922, 1934, and 1966 Parkfield events and that long-term average rate of interseismic slip was constant between all events. Two fences on the southern segment, southeast of Gold Hill, indicate event slip of 13 and 15 cm and interseismic slip rate of 0.36 and 0.30 cm/yr since 1959 and 1908, respectively. At these sites, redundant independent data support our assumption that both event and interseismic slip occur uniformly. On the central segment, near Parkfield, both the 1934 and the 1966 ruptures offset a bridge built in 1932. Interseismic slip rate near the bridge has been about 1.1 cm/yr since 1966; thus we deduce an average event slip of 31 cm for the 1934 and 1966 earthquakes. On a parallel fault trace, 1 km to the southwest, slip was about 8 cm in 1966; thus total event slip summed across the entire fault zone near Parkfield was nearly 40 cm. On Middle Mountain, 4 km north of the 1966 mainshock epicenter, an offset fence indicates 17 cm of slip in 1966 and a 2.26-cm/yr interseismic slip rate since circa 1946. Thus the central segment of the 1966 rupture is characterized by much larger event slip (∼40 cm) than both distal segments (∼15 cm). This amount of surface slip per event is about twice what had been previously assumed. Larger 1966 surface slip in the central part of the rupture is geodetically compatible with a coseismic slip of 65±10 cm slip on a narrow, buried asperity between Middle Mountain and Gold Hill that has been inferred from the depth distribution of early aftershocks. Assuming our characteristic surface slip model, one can further deduce a deficit in slip since the great 1857 earthquake. Taking the long-term slip rate as 3.3 cm/yr, the surface slip deficit is 3±0.2 m south of Gold Hill but only 0.3±0.3 m northward from Parkfield.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB12p17647","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., and Prescott, W., 1989, Historic surface slip along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B12, p. 17647-17670, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17647.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"17647","endPage":"17670","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3163e4b0c8380cd5dead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015404,"text":"70015404 - 1989 - Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T15:54:34.339207","indexId":"70015404","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt","docAbstract":"

The Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, exposed in five thrust plates of the Wyoming-Idaho-Utah thrust belt, carries directions of remanent magnetization that group most tightly after only partial unfolding. Field, petrographic, and rock magnetic evidence indicates that the carrier of this magnetization is detrital, low-Ti titanomagnetite. The detrital titanomagnetite was remagnetized at low temperatures (75°–150°C) probably completely during folding. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and petrographic observations indicate that the detrital titanomagnetite has been affected by tectonic strain. We suggest that low-temperature remagnetization of the detrital titanomagnetite was either a viscous partial thermoremanent magnetization, the acquisition of which was enhanced by stress, or a piezoremanent magnetization that involved stress-induced movement of domain walls during intracrystalline strain, or was a combination of the two mechanisms. Stress may promote remagnetization at temperatures much lower than predicted by current theoretical models. Other mechanisms, such as acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization during folding, deflection of a prefolding magnetization by internal strain, or combination of components of magnetization with different direction cannot account for the geometry of magnetization in the Preuss. The locus of acquisition of synfolding magnetization in the Preuss migrated in conjunction with deformation in the thrust belt. A model is presented in which synfolding magnetization was acquired during cooling and folding as strata moved up thrust ramps. A lack of reverse-polarity directions remains a puzzling feature of the remanence. The remanent direction is tentatively interpreted to reflect the predominant polarity state during its acquisition over an extended rather than a discrete time period during folding in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (?) periods of predominantly normal polarity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB10p13681","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., Reynolds, R.L., and Fishman, N., 1989, Synfolding magnetization in the Jurassic Preuss Sandstone, Wyoming- Idaho-Utah thrust belt: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B10, p. 13681-13705, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p13681.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"13681","endPage":"13705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba342e4b08c986b31fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015463,"text":"70015463 - 1989 - Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T11:56:48.474077","indexId":"70015463","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Geochemical data for samples of overburden from three mines in the Powder River Basin indicate a statistically significant (0.01 confidence level) positive correlation (r = 0.74) between Se and organic C. Results of factor analysis with varimax rotation on the major and trace element data from the rock samples indicate large (>50) varimax loadings for Se in two of the three factors. In Factor 1, the association of Se with constituents common to detrital grains indicates that water transporting the detrital particles into the Powder River Basin also carried dissolved Se. The large (>50) varimax loadings of Se and organic C in Factor 2 probably are due to the organic affinities characteristic of Se.

Dissolved Se concentrations in water samples collected at one coal mine are directly related to the dissolved organic C concentrations. Hydrophilic acid concentrations in the water samples from the mine ranged from 35 to 43% of the total dissolved organic C, and hydrophobic acid concentrations ranged from 40 to 49% of the total dissolved organic C. The largest dissolved organic C concentrations in water from the same mine (34–302 mg/l), coupled with the large proportion of acidic components, may saturate adsorption sites on geothite and similar minerals that comprise the aquifer material, thus decreasing the extent of selenite (SeO32−) adsorption as a sink for Se as the redox state of ground water decreases.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(89)90067-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., and Rice, J., 1989, Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 4, no. 6, p. 565-575, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90067-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.47190543824975,\n 45.01883494747517\n ],\n [\n -107.47190543824975,\n 41.6986083689649\n ],\n [\n -104.13348307176983,\n 41.6986083689649\n ],\n [\n -104.13348307176983,\n 45.01883494747517\n ],\n [\n -107.47190543824975,\n 45.01883494747517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a168de4b0c8380cd551ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015403,"text":"70015403 - 1989 - Effects of runoff changes and sea level rise on salinity in the Delaware River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015403","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of runoff changes and sea level rise on salinity in the Delaware River estuary","docAbstract":"The objective of this study is to investigate changes in the spatial distribution of salt in the Delaware Estuary resulting from climate induced changes in freshwater inflows and in the position of mean sea level. The approach adopted for this study is composed of two parts: An analysis of existing physical data in order to derive a basic understanding of the salt dynamics, and numerical simulation of future conditions based upon this analysis.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1989, Effects of runoff changes and sea level rise on salinity in the Delaware River estuary, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 685-686.","startPage":"685","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07b9e4b0c8380cd517cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015112,"text":"70015112 - 1989 - Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:59:39","indexId":"70015112","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A hydrodynamic modeling study of the effects of freshwater inflow on circulation and mixing in San Francisco Bay has been underway since 1985. This paper describes the multidimensional hydrodynamic models being used on the study and review recent progress with their applications. Particular modeling considerations for San Francisco Bay and future modeling plans are discussed.

","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference","conferenceDate":"15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989","conferenceLocation":"Newport, RI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627586","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Cheng, R.T., 1989, Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference, Newport, RI, USA, 15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989, p. 502-510.","startPage":"502","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9634e4b0c8380cd81e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}