Estimates of juvenile salmon survival are important data for fishery managers in the Yakima River Basin. Radiotelemetry studies during 2012–14 showed that tagged juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that passed through the fish bypass at Roza Dam had lower survival than fish that passed through other routes at the dam. That study also identified flow-survival relationships in the reaches between the Roza Dam tailrace and Sunnyside Dam. During 2012–14, survival also was estimated through reaches downstream of Sunnyside Dam, but generally, sample sizes were low and the estimates were imprecise. In 2016, we conducted an evaluation using acoustic cameras and acoustic telemetry to build on information collected during the previous study. The goal of the 2016 research was to identify areas where mortality occurs in the fish bypass at Roza Dam, and to estimate reach-specific survival in reaches downstream of the dam. The 2016 study included juvenile Chinook salmon and coho salmon (O. kisutch).
Three acoustic cameras were used to observe fish behavior (1) near the entrances to the fish bypass, (2) at a midway point in the fish bypass (convergence vault), and (3) at the bypass outfall. In total, 504 hours of acoustic camera footage was collected at these locations. We determined that smolt-sized fish (95–170 millimeters [mm]) were present in the highest proportions at each location, but predator-sized fish (greater than 250 mm) also were present at each site. Fish presence generally peaked during nighttime hours and crepuscular periods, and was low during daytime hours. In the convergence vault, smolt-sized fish exhibited holding behavior patterns, which may explain why some fish delayed while passing through the bypass.
Some of the acoustic-tagged fish were delayed in the fish bypass following release, but there was no evidence to suggest that they experienced higher mortality than fish that were released at the bypass outfall or downstream of the dam. Most of the tagged fish that were released in the fish bypass moved downstream and re-entered the river within 12 hours, but 9.8 percent of the Chinook salmon and 15.7 percent of the coho salmon remained in the bypass for 2.5–17.4 days. We developed a set of models for Chinook salmon and coho salmon and used model selection to determine if release site was an important predictor of survival of tagged fish. The models that provided the best fit to the Chinook salmon and coho salmon datasets did not include release site as a covariate. Furthermore, survival estimates for groups of fish from the various release sites were nearly identical for both species. Based on these observations, it appears that passage through the fish bypass did not result in increased mortality relative to groups of fish released downstream of the bypass.
Juvenile Chinook salmon migrated downstream faster than juvenile coho salmon and survival for each species varied with release timing. Median travel time from release at Roza Dam to arrival at a detection gate located at river kilometer (rkm) 527.8 on the Columbia River was 15.4 days for Chinook salmon and 37.4 days for coho salmon. Cumulative survival from Roza Dam to the Columbia River detection gate ranged from 0.299 to 0.678 for Chinook salmon, and from 0.321 to 0.627 for coho salmon. Survival was highest for both species when tagged fish were released in mid-April and lowest when tagged fish were released in early-May. Reach-specific survival estimates were standardized to create estimates that described survival per 100 rkm, which showed that survival was very low (less than 0.500) for some release groups, particularly in the Roza, Sunnyside, and Chandler diversion reaches. A more extensive analysis of reach-specific survival is planned for this dataset, which should provide insights into covariates that affected survival during 2016.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Perry, R.W., and Hansen, A.C., 2016, Survival of juvenile Chinook salmon and coho salmon in the Roza Dam fish bypass and in downstream reaches of the Yakima River, Washington, (ver. 1.1, April 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1210, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161210.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079554","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1210/ofr20161210.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1210 Report PDF"},{"id":339521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1210/versionHist.txt","text":"Version 1.1","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1210 Version History"},{"id":339519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1210/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Roza Dam, Yakima River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -119.04235839843749,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -119.04235839843749,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 46.14178273759234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 22, 2016; Version 1.1: April 10, 2017","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
https://wfrc.usgs.gov/
Discharge from springs in Florida is sourced from aquifers, such as the Upper Floridan aquifer, which is overlain by an upper confining unit that locally can have properties of an aquifer. Water levels in aquifers are affected by several factors, such as precipitation, recharge, and groundwater withdrawals, which in turn can affect discharge from springs. Therefore, identifying groundwater sources and recharge characteristics can be important in assessing how these factors might affect flows and water levels in springs and can be informative in broader applications such as groundwater modeling. Recharge characteristics include the residence time of water at the surface, apparent age of recharge, and recharge water temperature.
The groundwater sources and recharge characteristics of three springs that discharge from the banks of the Suwannee River in northern Florida were assessed for this study: Bell Springs, White Springs, and Suwannee Springs. Sources of groundwater were also assessed for a 150-foot-deep well finished within the Upper Floridan aquifer, hereafter referred to as the UFA well. Water samples were collected for geochemical analyses in November 2012 and October 2013 from the three springs and the UFA well. Samples were analyzed for a suite of major ions, dissolved gases, and isotopes of sulfur, strontium, oxygen, and hydrogen. Daily means of water level and specific conductance at White Springs were continuously recorded from October 2012 through December 2013 by the Suwannee River Water Management District. Suwannee River stage at White Springs was computed on the basis of stage at a U.S. Geological Survey streamgage about 2.4 miles upstream. Water levels in two wells, located about 2.5 miles northwest and 13 miles southeast of White Springs, were also used in the analyses.
Major ion concentrations were used to differentiate water from the springs and Upper Floridan aquifer into three groups: Bell Springs, UFA well, and White and Suwannee Springs. When considered together, evidence from water-level, specific conductance, major-ion concentration, and isotope data indicated that groundwater at Bell Springs and the UFA well was a mixture of surface water and groundwater from the upper confining unit, and that groundwater at White and Suwannee Springs was a mixture of surface water, groundwater from the upper confining unit, and groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Higher concentrations of magnesium in groundwater samples at the UFA well than in samples at Bell Springs might indicate less mixing with surface water at the UFA well than at Bell Springs. Characteristics of surface-water recharge, such as residence time at the surface, apparent age, and recharge water temperature, were estimated on the basis of isotopic ratios, and dissolved concentrations of gases such as argon, tritium, and sulfur hexafluoride. Oxygen and deuterium isotopic ratios were consistent with rapid recharge by rainwater for samples collected in 2012, and longer residence time at the surface (ponding) for samples collected in 2013. Apparent ages of groundwater samples, computed on the basis of tritium activity and sulfur hexafluoride concentration, indicated groundwater recharge occurred after the late 1980s; however, the estimated apparent ages likely represent the average of ages of multiple sources. Recharge since the 1980s is consistent with groundwater from shallow sources, such as the upper confining unit and Upper Floridan aquifer. Recharge water temperature computed for the three springs and UFA well averaged 20.1 degrees Celsius, which is similar to the mean annual air temperature of 20.6 degrees Celsius at a nearby weather station for 1960–2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J.F., and McBride, W.S., 2016, Sources of groundwater and characteristics of surface-water recharge at Bell, White, and Suwannee Springs, Florida: 2012–13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1190, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161190.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066218","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1190/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":332419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1190/ofr20161190.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1190"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Bell Spring, Suwannee Spring, White Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.033333,\n 30.583333\n ],\n [\n -83.033333,\n 30.166667\n ],\n [\n -82.616667,\n 30.166667\n ],\n [\n -82.616667,\n 30.583333\n ],\n [\n -83.033333,\n 30.583333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Avian research that involves potential disturbance to the study species may have unintended fitness consequences and could lead to biases in measurements of interest. The effects of band resighting on the behavior of mixed-species flocks of staging waterbirds were evaluated against recreational pedestrian activity that was expected to cause flushing. We found a model with additive effects of distance (near, 0-50 m, or far, 50-200 m) and disturbance type (researcher or pedestrian) best explained flock behaviors. The proportion of staging flocks that flushed in response to pedestrians was greatest when pedestrians were within 50 m of the flock. Virtually no flushes were observed in response to researchers, regardless of distance. These results could assist in alleviating concerns that accepted protocols used for intensive band resighting studies on staging seabirds of special conservation status, such as Roseate (Sterna dougallii) and Common (S. hirundo) terns, may have adverse effects. Our framework could be used by others to test the effects of similar research on sensitive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0412","usgsCitation":"Althouse, M., Cohen, J., Spendelow, J.A., Karpanty, S.M., Davis, K.L., Parsons, K.C., and Luttazi, C.F., 2016, Quantifying the effects of research band resighting activities on staging terns in comparison to other disturbances: Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 4, p. 417-421, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0412.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-074129","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2e9e4b01224f329b96a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Althouse, Melissa","contributorId":177593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Althouse","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Jonathan B.","contributorId":77252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karpanty, Sarah M.","contributorId":63307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karpanty","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Kayla L.","contributorId":177595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, Katharine C.","contributorId":113691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luttazi, Cristin F.","contributorId":177596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luttazi","given":"Cristin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179191,"text":"70179191 - 2016 - Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation the global carbon budget using the IBIS model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T11:15:55","indexId":"70179191","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation the global carbon budget using the IBIS model","docAbstract":"Over the past 100 years, human activity has greatly changed the rate of atmospheric N (nitrogen) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in N saturation in some regions of the world. The contribution of N saturation to the global carbon budget remains uncertain due to the complicated nature of C-N (carbon-nitrogen) interactions and diverse geography. Although N deposition is included in most terrestrial ecosystem models, the effect of N saturation is frequently overlooked. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-scale effects of N saturation during the period 1961–2009. The results of this model indicate that N saturation reduced global NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr−1, respectively. The negative effects of N saturation on carbon sequestration occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands. In response to elevated CO2 levels, global N turnover slowed due to increased biomass growth, resulting in a decline in soil mineral N. These changes in N cycling reduced the impact of N saturation on the global carbon budget. However, elevated N deposition in certain regions may further alter N saturation and C-N coupling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep39173","usgsCitation":"Lu, X., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Jin, J., Zhu, Q., Zhang, Z., and Peng, C., 2016, Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation the global carbon budget using the IBIS model: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39173.","productDescription":"Article 39173 ; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-064996","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2e8e4b01224f329b968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Xuehe","contributorId":175216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Xuehe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":33200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Xiuying","contributorId":175218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Jiaxin","contributorId":13561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Jiaxin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhu, Qiuan","contributorId":85065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qiuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Zhen","contributorId":94945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Zhen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peng, Changhui","contributorId":8357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Changhui","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70178693,"text":"ofr20161200 - 2016 - Concentration, flux, and trend estimates with uncertainty for nutrients, chloride, and total suspended solids in tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1990–2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T11:38:47","indexId":"ofr20161200","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1200","title":"Concentration, flux, and trend estimates with uncertainty for nutrients, chloride, and total suspended solids in tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1990–2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission and the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, estimated daily and 9-month concentrations and fluxes of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, chloride, and total suspended solids from 1990 (or first available date) through 2014 for 18 tributaries of Lake Champlain. Estimates of concentration and flux, provided separately in Medalie (2016), were made by using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) regression model and update previously published WRTDS model results with recent data. Assessment of progress towards meeting phosphorus-reduction goals outlined in the Lake Champlain management plan relies on annual estimates of phosphorus flux. The percent change in annual concentration and flux is provided for two time periods. The R package EGRETci was used to estimate the uncertainty of the trend estimate. Differences in model specification and function between this study and previous studies that used WRTDS to estimate concentration and flux using data from Lake Champlain tributaries are described.
Winter data were too sparse and nonrepresentative to use for estimates of concentration and flux but were sufficient for estimating the percentage of total annual flux over the period of record. Median winter-to-annual fractions ranged between 21 percent for total suspended solids and 27 percent for dissolved phosphorus. The winter contribution was largest for all constituents from the Mettawee River and smallest from the Ausable River.
For the full record (1991 through 2014 for total and dissolved phosphorus and chloride and 1993 through 2014 for nitrogen and total suspended solids), 6 tributaries had decreasing trends in concentrations of total phosphorus, and 12 had increasing trends; concentrations of dissolved phosphorus decreased in 6 and increased in 8 tributaries; fluxes of total phosphorus decreased in 5 and increased in 10 tributaries; and fluxes of dissolved phosphorus decreased in 4 and increased in 10 tributaries (where the number of increasing and decreasing trends does not add up to 18, the remainder of tributaries had no trends). Concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen decreased in 10 and increased in 4 tributaries and of chloride decreased in 2 and increased in 15 tributaries. Concentrations of total suspended solids decreased in 4 and increased in 8 tributaries, and fluxes of total suspended solids decreased in 3 and increased in 11 tributaries.
Although time intervals for the percent changes from this report are not completely synchronous with those from previous studies, the numbers of and specific tributaries with overall negative percent changes in concentration and flux are similar. Concentration estimates of total phosphorus in the Winooski River were used to trace whether changes in trends between a previous study and the current study were due generally to differences in model specifications or differences from 4 years of additional data. The Winooski River analysis illustrates several things: that keeping all model specifications equal, concentration estimates increased from 2010 to 2014; the effects of a smoothing algorithm used in the current study that was not available previously; that narrowing model half-window widths increased year-to-year variations; and that the change from an annual to a 9-month basis by omitting winter estimates changed a few individual points but not the overall shape of the flow-normalized curve. Similar tests for other tributaries showed that the primary effect of differences in model specifications between the previous and current studies was perhaps to increase scatter over time but that changes in trends generally were the result of 4 years of additional data rather than artifacts of model differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission and the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Medalie, Laura, 2016, Concentration, flux, and trend estimates with uncertainty for nutrients, chloride, and total suspended solids in tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1990–2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1200, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161200.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076110","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438482,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RN360M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimates of annual and daily concentration and flux of nutrients, chloride, and suspended sediment in tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1990 through 2014"},{"id":332328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7RN360M","text":"USGS data release - Estimates of annual and daily concentration and flux of nutrients, chloride, and total suspended solids in tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1990 through 2014","description":"Usgs Data Release"},{"id":332327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1200/ofr20161200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"858 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1200"},{"id":332326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1200/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.597412109375,\n 44.01454613545038\n ],\n [\n -73.00140380859375,\n 44.01454613545038\n ],\n [\n -73.00140380859375,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -73.597412109375,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -73.597412109375,\n 44.01454613545038\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way
Pembroke, NH 03275
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The relationship between traditional metrics of research impact (e.g., number of citations) and alternative metrics (altmetrics) such as Twitter activity are of great interest, but remain imprecisely quantified. We used generalized linear mixed modeling to estimate the relative effects of Twitter activity, journal impact factor, and time since publication on Web of Science citation rates of 1,599 primary research articles from 20 ecology journals published from 2012–2014. We found a strong positive relationship between Twitter activity (i.e., the number of unique tweets about an article) and number of citations. Twitter activity was a more important predictor of citation rates than 5-year journal impact factor. Moreover, Twitter activity was not driven by journal impact factor; the ‘highest-impact’ journals were not necessarily the most discussed online. The effect of Twitter activity was only about a fifth as strong as time since publication; accounting for this confounding factor was critical for estimating the true effects of Twitter use. Articles in impactful journals can become heavily cited, but articles in journals with lower impact factors can generate considerable Twitter activity and also become heavily cited. Authors may benefit from establishing a strong social media presence, but should not expect research to become highly cited solely through social media promotion. Our research demonstrates that altmetrics and traditional metrics can be closely related, but not identical. We suggest that both altmetrics and traditional citation rates can be useful metrics of research impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0166570","usgsCitation":"Peoples, B.K., Midway, S.R., Sackett, D.K., Lynch, A., and Cooney, P.B., 2016, Twitter predicts citation rates of ecological research: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, e0166570; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166570.","productDescription":"e0166570; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077000","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166570","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51a9e4b01224f329b5db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peoples, Brandon K.","contributorId":177551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peoples","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midway, Stephen R.","contributorId":172159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sackett, Dana K.","contributorId":141232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sackett","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392 ajlynch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":169460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooney, Patrick B.","contributorId":141249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooney","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179126,"text":"70179126 - 2016 - Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T09:08:29","indexId":"70179126","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Restoring dryland ecosystems is a global challenge due to synergistic drivers of disturbance coupled with unpredictable environmental conditions. Dryland plant species have evolved complex life-history strategies to cope with fluctuating resources and climatic extremes. Although rarely quantified, local adaptation is likely widespread among these species and potentially influences restoration outcomes. The common practice of reintroducing propagules to restore dryland ecosystems, often across large spatial scales, compels evaluation of adaptive divergence within these species. Such evaluations are critical to understanding the consequences of large-scale manipulation of gene flow and to predicting success of restoration efforts. However, genetic information for species of interest can be difficult and expensive to obtain through traditional common garden experiments. Recent advances in landscape genetics offer marker-based approaches for identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species, but tools are still needed to link these approaches with practical aspects of ecological restoration. Here, we combine spatially-explicit landscape genetics models with flexible visualization tools to demonstrate how cost-effective evaluations of adaptive genetic divergence can facilitate implementation of different seed sourcing strategies in ecological restoration. We apply these methods to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers genotyped in two Mojave Desert shrub species of high restoration importance: the long-lived, wind-pollinated gymnosperm Ephedra nevadensis, and the short-lived, insect-pollinated angiosperm Sphaeralcea ambigua. Mean annual temperature was identified as an important driver of adaptive genetic divergence for both species. Ephedra showed stronger adaptive divergence with respect to precipitation variability, while temperature variability and precipitation averages explained a larger fraction of adaptive divergence in Sphaeralcea. We describe multivariate statistical approaches for interpolating spatial patterns of adaptive divergence while accounting for potential bias due to neutral genetic structure. Through a spatial bootstrapping procedure, we also visualize patterns in the magnitude of model uncertainty. Finally, we introduce an interactive, distance-based mapping approach that explicitly links marker-based models of adaptive divergence with local or admixture seed sourcing strategies, promoting effective native plant restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/eap.1447","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D.F., Havrilla, C.A., DeFalco, L.A., Esque, T., Custer, N., and Wood, T.E., 2016, Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 2, p. 429-445, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"445","ipdsId":"IP-070517","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590007e4b03639a6025e27","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/eap.1447","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Shryock Daniel F., Havrilla Caroline A., DeFalco Lesley A., Esque Todd C., Custer Nathan A., Wood Troy E.","journalName":"Ecological Applications","publicationDate":"1/30/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/30/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. dshryock@usgs.gov","contributorId":5139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Havrilla, Caroline A. 0000-0003-3913-0980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0980","contributorId":146326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havrilla","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":16669,"text":"U of CO, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261 ldefalco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":177536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Custer, Nathan ncuster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Nathan","email":"ncuster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Troy E. 0000-0002-1533-5714 twood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-5714","contributorId":4023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Troy","email":"twood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179128,"text":"70179128 - 2016 - Temporal segmentation of animal trajectories informed by habitat use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:20:15","indexId":"70179128","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal segmentation of animal trajectories informed by habitat use","docAbstract":"Most animals live in seasonal environments and experience very different conditions throughout the year. Behavioral strategies like migration, hibernation, and a life cycle adapted to the local seasonality help to cope with fluctuations in environmental conditions. Thus, how an individual utilizes the environment depends both on the current availability of habitat and the behavioral prerequisites of the individual at that time. While the increasing availability and richness of animal movement data has facilitated the development of algorithms that classify behavior by movement geometry, changes in the environmental correlates of animal movement have so far not been exploited for a behavioral annotation. Here, we suggest a method that uses these changes in individual–environment associations to divide animal location data into segments of higher ecological coherence, which we term niche segmentation. We use time series of random forest models to evaluate the transferability of habitat use over time to cluster observational data accordingly. We show that our method is able to identify relevant changes in habitat use corresponding to both changes in the availability of habitat and how it was used using simulated data, and apply our method to a tracking data set of common teal (Anas crecca). The niche segmentation proved to be robust, and segmented habitat suitability outperformed models neglecting the temporal dynamics of habitat use. Overall, we show that it is possible to classify animal trajectories based on changes of habitat use similar to geometric segmentation algorithms. We conclude that such an environmentally informed classification of animal trajectories can provide new insights into an individuals' behavior and enables us to make sensible predictions of how suitable areas might be connected by movement in space and time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1498","usgsCitation":"van Toor, M., Newman, S.H., Takekawa, J.Y., Wegmann, M., and Safi, K., 2016, Temporal segmentation of animal trajectories informed by habitat use: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 10, e01498;16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1498.","productDescription":"e01498;16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066487","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1498","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590007e4b03639a6025e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Toor, Marielle L.","contributorId":177537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Toor","given":"Marielle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wegmann, Martin","contributorId":177540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegmann","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Safi, Kamran","contributorId":83036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safi","given":"Kamran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187588,"text":"70187588 - 2016 - Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:16:48","indexId":"70187588","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models","docAbstract":"A central goal of observing and modeling the earthquake cycle is to forecast when a particular fault may generate an earthquake: a fault late in its earthquake cycle may be more likely to generate an earthquake than a fault early in its earthquake cycle. Models that can explain geodetic observations throughout the entire earthquake cycle may be required to gain a more complete understanding of relevant physics and phenomenology. Previous efforts to develop unified earthquake models for strike-slip faults have largely focused on explaining both preseismic and postseismic geodetic observations available across a few faults in California, Turkey, and Tibet. An alternative approach leverages the global distribution of geodetic and geologic slip rate estimates on strike-slip faults worldwide. Here we use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for similarity of distributions to infer, in a statistically rigorous manner, viscoelastic earthquake cycle models that are inconsistent with 15 sets of observations across major strike-slip faults. We reject a large subset of two-layer models incorporating Burgers rheologies at a significance level of α = 0.05 (those with long-term Maxwell viscosities ηM <~ 4.0 × 1019 Pa s and ηM >~ 4.6 × 1020 Pa s) but cannot reject models on the basis of transient Kelvin viscosity ηK. Finally, we examine the implications of these results for the predicted earthquake cycle timing of the 15 faults considered and compare these predictions to the geologic and historical record.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL070681","usgsCitation":"Devries, P.M., and Evans, E., 2016, Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 23, p. 12,036-12,045, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070681.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12,036","endPage":"12,045","ipdsId":"IP-077441","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl070681","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bbe4b0e541a03e9602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devries, Phoebe M. R.","contributorId":191902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devries","given":"Phoebe","email":"","middleInitial":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Eileen 0000-0002-7290-5269 eevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-5269","contributorId":167021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Eileen","email":"eevans@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177032,"text":"sir20165148 - 2016 - Mechanisms of aquatic species invasions across the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T16:03:23","indexId":"sir20165148","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-15T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5148","title":"Mechanisms of aquatic species invasions across the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","docAbstract":"Invasive species are a global issue, and the southeastern United States is not immune to the problems they present. Therefore, various analyses using modeling and exploratory statistics were performed on the U.S. Geological Survey Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database with the primary objective of determining the most appropriate use of presence-only data as related to invasive species in the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative (SALCC) region. A hierarchical model approach showed that a relatively small amount of high-quality data from planned surveys can be used to leverage the information in presence-only observations, having a broad spatial coverage and high biases of observer detection and in site selection. Because a variety of sampling protocols can be used in planned surveys, this approach to the analysis of presence-only data is widely applicable. An important part of the management of natural landscapes is the preservation of designated protected areas. When the hydrologic connection was considered in this analysis, the number of potential invaders that could spread to each protected area within the SALCC region was greatly increased, with a mean exceeding 30 species and the maximum reaching 57 species. Nearly all protected areas are hydrologically connected to at least 20 nonindigenous aquatic species. To examine possible factors which may contribute to nonindigenous aquatic species richness in the SALCC region, a set of exploratory statistics was employed. The best statistical model that included a combination of three anthropogenic variables (densities of housing, roads, and reservoirs) and two environmental variables (elevation range and longitude) explained approximately 62 percent of the variation in introduced species richness. Highest nonindigenous aquatic species richness occurred in the more upland, mountainous regions, where elevation range favored reservoirs and attracted urban centers. Lastly, patterns seen in a diffusion model may reflect less about the diffusion process of the organism and more about the opportunistic nature of the data collection process. These results of the model are considered exploratory in nature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Benson, A.J., Stith, B.M., and Engel, V.C., 2016, Mechanisms of aquatic species invasions across the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5148, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165148.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074281","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5148/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":332136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75X2721","text":"USGS data release - 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U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st Street
Gainesville, FL 32653
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"A multireaction chemical equilibria geothermometry (MEG) model applicable to high-temperature geothermal systems has been developed over the past three decades. Given sufficient data, this model provides more constraint on calculated reservoir temperatures than classical chemical geothermometers that are based on either the concentration of silica (SiO2), or the ratios of cation concentrations. A set of 23 chemical analyses from Ojo Caliente Spring and 22 analyses from other thermal features in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park are used to examine the sensitivity of calculated reservoir temperatures using the GeoT MEG code (Spycher et al. 2013, 2014) to quantify the effects of solute concentrations, degassing, and mineral assemblages on calculated reservoir temperatures. Results of our analysis demonstrate that the MEG model can resolve reservoir temperatures within approximately ±15°C, and that natural variation in fluid compositions represents a greater source of variance in calculated reservoir temperatures than variations caused by analytical uncertainty (assuming ~5% for major elements). The analysis also suggests that MEG calculations are particularly sensitive to variations in silica concentration, the concentrations of the redox species Fe(II) and H2S, and that the parameters defining steam separation and CO2 degassing from the liquid may be adequately determined by numerical optimization. Results from this study can provide guidance for future applications of MEG models, and thus provide more reliable information on geothermal energy resources during exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.010","usgsCitation":"King, J.M., Hurwitz, S., Lowenstern, J.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and McCleskey, R.B., 2016, Multireaction equilibrium geothermometry: A sensitivity analysis using data from the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 328, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-080520","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.42333984375,\n 43.40903821777055\n ],\n [\n -109.62158203125,\n 43.40903821777055\n ],\n [\n -109.62158203125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -111.42333984375,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -111.42333984375,\n 43.40903821777055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"328","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589ffefbe4b099f50d3e0447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Jonathan M. 0000-0003-0834-2200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-2200","contributorId":179317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":663299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179048,"text":"70179048 - 2016 - Combined exposure of diesel exhaust particles and respirable Soufrière Hills volcanic ash causes a (pro-)inflammatory response in an in vitro multicellular epithelial tissue barrier model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T16:16:03","indexId":"70179048","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5238,"text":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined exposure of diesel exhaust particles and respirable Soufrière Hills volcanic ash causes a (pro-)inflammatory response in an in vitro multicellular epithelial tissue barrier model","docAbstract":"There are justifiable health concerns regarding the potential adverse effects associated with human exposure to volcanic ash (VA) particles, especially when considering communities living in urban areas already exposed to heightened air pollution. The aim of this study was, therefore, to gain an imperative, first understanding of the biological impacts of respirable VA when exposed concomitantly with diesel particles.
A sophisticated in vitro 3D triple cell co-culture model of the human alveolar epithelial tissue barrier was exposed to either a single or repeated dose of dry respirable VA (deposited dose of 0.26 ± 0.09 or 0.89 ± 0.29 μg/cm2, respectively) from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat for a period of 24 h at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Subsequently, co-cultures were exposed to co-exposures of single or repeated VA and diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST SRM 2975; 0.02 mg/mL), a model urban pollutant, at the pseudo-ALI. The biological impact of each individual particle type was also analysed under these precise scenarios. The cytotoxic (LDH release), oxidative stress (depletion of intracellular GSH) and (pro-)inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β) responses were assessed after the particulate exposures. The impact of VA exposure upon cell morphology, as well as its interaction with the multicellular model, was visualised via confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
The combination of respirable VA and DEP, in all scenarios, incited an heightened release of TNF-α and IL-8 as well as significant increases in IL-1β, when applied at sub-lethal doses to the co-culture compared to VA exposure alone. Notably, the augmented (pro-)inflammatory responses observed were not mediated by oxidative stress. LSM supported the quantitative assessment of cytotoxicity, with no changes in cell morphology within the barrier model evident. A direct interaction of the VA with all three cell types of the multicellular system was observed by SEM.
Combined exposure of respirable Soufrière Hills VA with DEP causes a (pro-)inflammatory effect in an advanced in vitro multicellular model of the epithelial airway barrier. This finding suggests that the combined exposure to volcanic and urban particulate matter should be further investigated in order to deduce the potential human health hazard, especially how it may influence the respiratory function of susceptible individuals (i.e. with pre-existing lung diseases) in the population.
Inside soil and saprolite, rock fragments can form weathering clasts (alteration rinds surrounding an unweathered core) and these weathering rinds provide an excellent field system for investigating the initiation of weathering and long term weathering rates. Recently, uranium-series (U-series) disequilibria have shown great potential for determining rind formation rates and quantifying factors controlling weathering advance rates in weathering rinds. To further investigate whether the U-series isotope technique can document differences in long term weathering rates as a function of precipitation, we conducted a new weathering rind study on tropical volcanic Basse-Terre Island in the Lesser Antilles Archipelago. In this study, for the first time we characterized weathering reactions and quantified weathering advance rates in multiple weathering rinds across a steep precipitation gradient. Electron microprobe (EMP) point measurements, bulk major element contents, and U-series isotope compositions were determined in two weathering clasts from the Deshaies watershed with mean annual precipitation (MAP) = 1800 mm and temperature (MAT) = 23 °C. On these clasts, five core-rind transects were measured for locations with different curvature (high, medium, and low) of the rind-core boundary. Results reveal that during rind formation the fraction of elemental loss decreases in the order: Ca ≈ Na > K ≈ Mg > Si ≈ Al > Zr ≈ Ti ≈ Fe. Such observations are consistent with the sequence of reactions after the initiation of weathering: specifically, glass matrix and primary minerals (plagioclase, pyroxene) weather to produce Fe oxyhydroxides, gibbsite and minor kaolinite.
Uranium shows addition profiles in the rind due to the infiltration of U-containing soil pore water into the rind as dissolved U phases. U is then incorporated into the rind as Fe-Al oxides precipitate. Such processes lead to significant U-series isotope disequilibria in the rinds. This is the first time that multiple weathering clasts from the same watershed were analyzed for U-series isotope disequlibrian and show consistent results. The U-series disequilibria allowed for the determination of rind formation ages and weathering advance rates with a U-series mass balance model. The weathering advance rates generally decreased with decreasing curvature: ∼0.17 ± 0.10 mm/kyr for high curvature, ∼0.12 ± 0.05 mm/kyr for medium curvature, and ∼0.11 ± 0.04, 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.06 ± 0.03 mm/kyr for low curvature locations. The observed positive correlation between the curvature and the weathering rates is well supported by predictions of weathering models, i.e., that the curvature of the rind-core boundary controls the porosity creation and weathering advance rates at the clast scale.
At the watershed scale, the new weathering advance rates derived on the low curvature transects for the relatively dry Deshaies watershed (average rate of 0.08 mm/kyr; MAP = 1800 mm and MAT = 23 °C) are ∼60% slower than the rind formation rates previously determined in the much wetter Bras David watershed (∼0.18 mm/kyr, low curvature transect; MAP = 3400 mm and MAT = 23 °C) also on Basse-Terre Island. Thus, a doubling of MAP roughly correlates with a doubling of weathering advance rate. The new rind study highlights the effect of precipitation on weathering rates over a time scale of ∼100 kyr. Weathering rinds are thus a suitable system for investigating long-term chemical weathering across environmental gradients, complementing short-term riverine solute fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.040","usgsCitation":"Engel, J.M., May, L., Sak, P.B., Gaillardet, J., Ren, M., Engle, M.A., and Brantley, S.L., 2016, Quantifying chemical weathering rates along a precipitation gradient on Basse-Terre Island, French Guadeloupe: new insight from U-series isotopes in weathering rinds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 195, p. 29-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.040.","productDescription":"39 p. 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These basanites of the Hana Volcanics exhibit an enrichment in incompatible trace elements and a more depleted isotopic signature than similarly aged Hawaiian shield lavas from Kilauea and Mauna Loa. Here we posit that as the Pacific lithosphere beneath the active shield volcanoes moves away from the center of the Hawaiian plume, increased incorporation of an intrinsic depleted component with relatively low 206Pb/204Pb produces the source of the basanites of the Hana Volcanics. Haleakala Crater basanites have average (230Th/238U) of 1.23 (n = 13), average age-corrected (226Ra/230Th) of 1.25 (n = 13), and average (231Pa/235U) of 1.67 (n = 4), significantly higher than Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiites. U-series modeling shows that solid mantle upwelling velocity for Haleakala Crater basanites ranges from ∼0.7 to 1.0 cm/yr, compared to ∼10 to 20 cm/yr for tholeiites and ∼1 to 2 cm/yr for alkali basalts. These modeling results indicate that solid mantle upwelling rates and porosity of the melting zone are lower for Hana Volcanics basanites than for shield-stage tholeiites from Kilauea and Mauna Loa and alkali basalts from Hualalai. The melting rate, which is directly proportional to both the solid mantle upwelling rate and the degree of melting, is therefore greatest in the center of the Hawaiian plume and lower on its periphery. Our results indicate that solid mantle upwelling velocity is at least 10 times higher at the center of the plume than at its periphery under Haleakala.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.017","usgsCitation":"Phillips, E.H., Sims, K., Sherrod, D.R., Salters, V., Blusztajn, J., and Dulaiova, H., 2016, Isotopic constraints on the genesis and evolution of basanitic lavas at Haleakala, Island of Maui, Hawaii: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 195, p. 201-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.017.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-068629","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8691","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26678466796875,\n 20.915265785641992\n ],\n [\n -156.29150390625,\n 20.83571086093366\n ],\n [\n -156.12121582031247,\n 20.668765746375158\n ],\n [\n -156.104736328125,\n 20.630213817744696\n ],\n [\n -155.99212646484375,\n 20.694461597907797\n ],\n [\n -155.972900390625,\n 20.756113874762082\n ],\n [\n -156.02508544921875,\n 20.82800976296467\n ],\n [\n -156.2200927734375,\n 20.938354479616375\n ],\n [\n -156.26678466796875,\n 20.915265785641992\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"195","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba4e4b01ccd5500bae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Erin H.","contributorId":184202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, K.W.W.","contributorId":184203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"K.W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salters, Vincent","contributorId":184204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salters","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blusztajn, Jurek","contributorId":184205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blusztajn","given":"Jurek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dulaiova, Henrieta","contributorId":184206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dulaiova","given":"Henrieta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179086,"text":"70179086 - 2016 - Introduction to “Global tsunami science: Past and future, Volume I”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T14:49:34","indexId":"70179086","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to “Global tsunami science: Past and future, Volume I”","docAbstract":"Twenty-five papers on the study of tsunamis are included in Volume I of the PAGEOPH topical issue “Global Tsunami Science: Past and Future”. Six papers examine various aspects of tsunami probability and uncertainty analysis related to hazard assessment. Three papers relate to deterministic hazard and risk assessment. Five more papers present new methods for tsunami warning and detection. Six papers describe new methods for modeling tsunami hydrodynamics. Two papers investigate tsunamis generated by non-seismic sources: landslides and meteorological disturbances. The final three papers describe important case studies of recent and historical events. Collectively, this volume highlights contemporary trends in global tsunami research, both fundamental and applied toward hazard assessment and mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-016-1427-4","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., Fritz, H., Rabinovich, A.B., and Tanioka, Y., 2016, Introduction to “Global tsunami science: Past and future, Volume I”: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 173, no. 12, p. 3663-3669, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1427-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3663","endPage":"3669","ipdsId":"IP-081118","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1427-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba37e4b0e2663625f2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritz, Hermann","contributorId":106040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Hermann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabinovich, Alexander B.","contributorId":177506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabinovich","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanioka, Yuichiro","contributorId":177507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanioka","given":"Yuichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176943,"text":"ofr20161176 - 2016 - Building unified geospatial data for land-change modeling—A case study in the area of Richmond, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:00:33","indexId":"ofr20161176","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-13T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1176","title":"Building unified geospatial data for land-change modeling—A case study in the area of Richmond, Virginia","docAbstract":"An effort to build a unified collection of geospatial data for use in land-change modeling (LCM) led to new insights into the requirements and challenges of building an LCM data infrastructure. A case study of data compilation and unification for the Richmond, Va., Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) delineated the problems of combining and unifying heterogeneous data from many independent localities such as counties and cities. The study also produced conclusions and recommendations for use by the national LCM community, emphasizing the critical need for simple, practical data standards and conventions for use by localities. This report contributes an uncopyrighted core glossary and a much needed operational definition of data unification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161176","usgsCitation":"Donato, D.I., and Shapiro, J.L., 2016, Building unified geospatial data for land-change modeling—A case study in the area of Richmond, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016‒1176, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161176.","productDescription":"v, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069929","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1176/ofr20161176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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roperties\":{\"name\":\"Amelia\",\"state\":\"VA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Eastern Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
521 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Telephone: 703–648–4230
http://egsc.usgs.gov/
The High Plains aquifer is a nationally important water resource underlying about 175,000 square miles in parts of eight states: Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Droughts across much of the Northern High Plains from 2001 to 2007 have combined with recent (2004) legislative mandates to elevate concerns regarding future availability of groundwater and the need for additional information to support science-based water-resource management. To address these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey began the High Plains Groundwater Availability Study to provide a tool for water-resource managers and other stakeholders to assess the status and availability of groundwater resources.
A transient groundwater-flow model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater-flow model with Newton-Rhapson solver (MODFLOW–NWT). The model uses an orthogonal grid of 565 rows and 795 columns, and each grid cell measures 3,281 feet per side, with one variably thick vertical layer, simulated as unconfined. Groundwater flow was simulated for two distinct periods: (1) the period before substantial groundwater withdrawals, or before about 1940, and (2) the period of increasing groundwater withdrawals from May 1940 through April 2009. A soil-water-balance model was used to estimate recharge from precipitation and groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. The soil-water-balance model uses spatially distributed soil and landscape properties with daily weather data and estimated historical land-cover maps to calculate spatial and temporal variations in potential recharge. Mean annual recharge estimated for 1940–49, early in the history of groundwater development, and 2000–2009, late in the history of groundwater development, was 3.3 and 3.5 inches per year, respectively.
Primary model calibration was completed using statistical techniques through parameter estimation using the parameter estimation suite of software with Tikhonov regularization. Calibration targets for the groundwater model included 343,067 groundwater levels measured in wells and 10,820 estimated monthly stream base flows at streamgages. A total of 1,312 parameters were adjusted during calibration to improve the match between calibration targets and simulated equivalents. Comparison of calibration targets to simulated equivalents indicated that, at the regional scale, the model correctly reproduced groundwater levels and stream base flows for 1940–2009. This comparison indicates that the model can be used to examine the likely response of the aquifer system to potential future stresses.
Mean calibrated recharge for 1940–49 and 2000–2009 was smaller than that estimated with the soil-water-balance model. This indicated that although the general spatial patterns of recharge estimated with the soil-water-balance model were approximately correct at the regional scale of the Northern High Plains aquifer, the soil-water-balance model had overestimated recharge, and adjustments were needed to decrease recharge to improve the match of the groundwater model to calibration targets. The largest components of the simulated groundwater budgets were recharge from precipitation, recharge from canal seepage, outflows to evapotranspiration, and outflows to stream base flow. Simulated outflows to irrigation wells increased from 7 percent of total outflows in 1940–49 to 38 percent of 1970–79 total outflows and 49 percent of 2000–2009 total outflows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165153","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M., Flynn, A.T., and Traylor, J.P., 2016, Groundwater-flow model of the Northern High Plains aquifer in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5153, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165153.","productDescription":"Report: x, 88 p.; 2 Figures: 11.00 x 8.50 inches; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070028","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5153/sir20165153_fig15.pdf","text":"Figure 15","size":"9.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5153 Figure 15"},{"id":331685,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072C9","text":"USGS data release - Base of aquifer contours for the Northern High Plains aquifer","description":"USGS Data Release"},{"id":331683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5153/sir20165153_fig14.pdf","text":"Figure 14","size":"988 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5153 Figure 14"},{"id":331686,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JS9NKD","text":"USGS data release - MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow model used to evaluate conditions in the Northern High Plains Aquifer in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming","description":"USGS Data Release"},{"id":331678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5153/sir20165153.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5153"},{"id":331677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5153/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is rapidly evolving as a tool for monitoring the distributions of aquatic species. Detection of species’ populations in streams may be challenging because the persistence time for intact DNA fragments is unknown and because eDNA is diluted and dispersed by dynamic hydrological processes. During 2015, the DNA of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis was analyzed from water samples collected at 40 streams across the Adirondack region of upstate New York, where Brook Trout populations were recently quantified. Study objectives were to evaluate different sampling methods and the ability of eDNA to accurately predict the presence and abundance of resident Brook Trout populations. Results from three-pass electrofishing surveys indicated that Brook Trout were absent from 10 sites and were present in low (<100 fish/0.1 ha), moderate (100–300 fish/0.1 ha), and high (>300 fish/0.1 ha) densities at 9, 11, and 10 sites, respectively. The eDNA results correctly predicted the presence and confirmed the absence of Brook Trout at 85.0–92.5% of the study sites; eDNA also explained 44% of the variability in Brook Trout population density and 24% of the variability in biomass. These findings indicate that eDNA surveys will enable researchers to effectively characterize the presence and abundance of Brook Trout and other species’ populations in headwater streams across the Adirondack region and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1243578","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Sporn, L., George, S.D., and Ball, J., 2016, Efficacy of environmental DNA to detect and quantify Brook Trout populations in headwater streams of the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 146, no. 1, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1243578.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-071778","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1243578","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78913ZC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Community composition data for assessing fish populations in headwater streams of the Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA"},{"id":332019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4376220703125,\n 43.40305202432616\n ],\n [\n -75.4376220703125,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -73.751220703125,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -73.751220703125,\n 43.40305202432616\n ],\n [\n -75.4376220703125,\n 43.40305202432616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bae4b08138bf1abd4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sporn, Lee Ann","contributorId":177388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sporn","given":"Lee Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, Jacob","contributorId":177389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70261589,"text":"70261589 - 2016 - Quantification of the intrusion process at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T16:05:03.411715","indexId":"70261589","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-12T09:54:52","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of the intrusion process at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Because natural patterns of streamflow are a fundamental property of the health of streams, there is a critical need to quantify the degree to which human activities have modified natural streamflows. A requirement for assessing streamflow modification in a given stream is a reliable estimate of flows expected in the absence of human influences. Although there are many techniques to predict streamflows in specific river basins, there is a lack of approaches for making predictions of natural conditions across large regions and over many decades. In this study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and Trout Unlimited, the primary objective was to develop empirical models that predict natural (that is, unaffected by land use or water management) monthly streamflows from 1950 to 2012 for all stream segments in California. Models were developed using measured streamflow data from the existing network of streams where daily flow monitoring occurs, but where the drainage basins have minimal human influences. Widely available data on monthly weather conditions and the physical attributes of river basins were used as predictor variables. Performance of regional-scale models was comparable to that of published mechanistic models for specific river basins, indicating the models can be reliably used to estimate natural monthly flows in most California streams. A second objective was to develop a model that predicts the likelihood that streams experience modified hydrology. New models were developed to predict modified streamflows at 558 streamflow monitoring sites in California where human activities affect the hydrology, using basin-scale geospatial indicators of land use and water management. Performance of these models was less reliable than that for the natural-flow models, but results indicate the models could be used to provide a simple screening tool for identifying, across the State of California, which streams may be experiencing anthropogenic flow modification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and Trout Unlimited","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., Howard, J.K., Grantham, T.E., Fesenmyer, Kurt, and Wieczorek, Michael, 2016, Estimating natural monthly streamflows in California and the likelihood of anthropogenic modification: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1189, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161189.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068823","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MP51DS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for: Empirical Models for Estimating Baseline Streamflows in California and their Likelihood of 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\"}}]}","contact":"Chief, National Water-Quality Assessment Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Recreational ground squirrel shooting is a popular activity throughout the western United States and serves as a tool for managing ground squirrel populations in agricultural regions. Belding’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) are routinely shot in California, Nevada, and Oregon across habitats that overlap with breeding avian scavengers. Ground squirrels shot with lead (Pb)-based bullets may pose a risk to avian scavengers if they consume carcasses containing Pb fragments. To assess the potential risk to breeding avian scavengers we developed a model to estimate the number, mass, and distribution of Pb fragments in shot ground squirrels using radiographic images. Eighty percent of shot carcasses contained detectible Pb fragments with an average of 38.6 mg of Pb fragments. Seven percent of all carcasses contained Pb fragment masses exceeding a lethal dose for a model raptor nestling (e.g. American kestrel Falco sparverius). Bullet type did not influence the number of fragments in shot ground squirrels, but did influence the mass of fragments retained. Belding’s ground squirrels shot with .17 Super Mag and unknown ammunition types contained over 28 and 17 times more mass of Pb fragments than those shot with .22 solid and .22 hollow point bullets, respectively. Ground squirrel body mass was positively correlated with both the number and mass of Pb fragments in carcasses, increasing on average by 76% and 56% respectively across the range of carcass masses. Although the mass of Pb retained in ground squirrel carcasses was small relative to the original bullet mass, avian scavenger nestlings that frequently consume shot ground squirrels may be at risk for Pb-induced effects (e.g., physiology, growth, or survival). Using modeling efforts we found that if nestling golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and Swainson’s hawks (B. swainsoni) consumed shot ground squirrels proportionately to the nestling’s mass, energy needs, and diet, 100% of the nestling period would exceed a 50% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase production threshold, the last 13–27% of the nestling stage would exceed a reduced growth rate threshold, but no nestlings would be expected to exceed a level of Pb ingestion that would be lethal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0167926","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Wagner, M.T., 2016, Ground squirrel shooting and potential lead exposure in breeding avian scavengers: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 12, Article e0167926; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167926.","productDescription":"Article e0167926; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-078699","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167926","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337384,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HM56J1","text":"Bullet fragments in Belding's ground squirrels in Oregon and California in 2014-2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","county":"Lake County, Malheur County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.40454862814641\n ],\n [\n -118.70899200439453,\n 43.40454862814641\n ],\n [\n -118.70899200439453,\n 43.414275651763674\n ],\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.414275651763674\n ],\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.40454862814641\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.23494833218762\n ],\n [\n -120.92445373535155,\n 43.23494833218762\n ],\n [\n -120.92445373535155,\n 43.25545538602179\n ],\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.25545538602179\n ],\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.23494833218762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.82199022070215\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 41.82199022070215\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.82199022070215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13ae4b01ccd54f9ee16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Mason T.","contributorId":182024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Mason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178874,"text":"70178874 - 2016 - Cratering on Ceres: Implications for its crust and evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T09:34:50","indexId":"70178874","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cratering on Ceres: Implications for its crust and evolution","docAbstract":"Thermochemical models have predicted that Ceres, is to some extent, differentiated and should have an icy crust with few or no impact craters. We present observations by the Dawn spacecraft that reveal a heavily cratered surface, a heterogeneous crater distribution, and an apparent absence of large craters. The morphology of some impact craters is consistent with ice in the subsurface, which might have favored relaxation, yet large unrelaxed craters are also present. Numerous craters exhibit polygonal shapes, terraces, flowlike features, slumping, smooth deposits, and bright spots. Crater morphology and simple-to-complex crater transition diameters indicate that the crust of Ceres is neither purely icy nor rocky. By dating a smooth region associated with the Kerwan crater, we determined absolute model ages (AMAs) of 550 million and 720 million years, depending on the applied chronology model.
Long-distance movements are important adaptive behaviors that contribute to population, community, and ecosystem connectivity. However, researchers have a poor understanding of the characteristics of long-distance movements for most species. Here, we examined long-distance movements for the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a species of conservation concern. We addressed the following questions: (1) At what distances could populations be connected? (2) What are the characteristics and probability of dispersal movements? (3) Do lesser prairie-chickens display exploratory and round-trip movements? (4) Do the characteristics of long-distance movements vary by site? Movements were examined from populations using satellite GPS transmitters across the entire distribution of the species in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. Dispersal movements were recorded up to 71 km net displacement, much farther than hitherto recorded. These distances suggest that there may be greater potential connectivity among populations than previously thought. Dispersal movements were displayed primarily by females and had a northerly directional bias. Dispersal probabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.43 movements per year for both sexes combined, although these movements averaged only 16 km net displacement. Lesser prairie-chickens displayed both exploratory foray loops and round-trip movements. Half of round-trip movements appeared seasonal, suggesting a partial migration in some populations. None of the long-distance movements varied by study site. Data presented here will be important in parameterizing models assessing population viability and informing conservation planning, although further work is needed to identify landscape features that may reduce connectivity among populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1441","usgsCitation":"Earl, J.E., Fuhlendorf, S.D., Haukos, D.A., Tanner, A.M., Elmore, D., and Carleton, S.A., 2016, Characteristics of lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) long-distance movements across their distribution: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 8, e01441: 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1441.","productDescription":"e01441: 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071103","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 33.742612777346885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0d9e4b077fc20250df2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1441","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1441","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Earl Julia E., Fuhlendorf Samuel D., Haukos David, Tanner Ashley M., Elmore Dwayne, Carleton Scott A.","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earl, Julia E.","contributorId":177320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Earl","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.","contributorId":171488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuhlendorf","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, Ashley M.","contributorId":177321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elmore, Dwayne","contributorId":177322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmore","given":"Dwayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carleton, Scott A. 0000-0001-9609-650X scarleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-650X","contributorId":4060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Scott","email":"scarleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178824,"text":"70178824 - 2016 - Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:23:47","indexId":"70178824","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area","docAbstract":"American pikas (Ochotona princeps) have been heralded as indicators of montane-mammal response to contemporary climate change. Pikas no longer occupy the driest and lowest-elevation sites in numerous parts of their geographic range. Conversely, pikas have exhibited higher rates of occupancy and persistence in Rocky Mountain and Sierra Nevada montane ‘mainlands’. Research and monitoring efforts on pikas across the western USA have collectively shown the nuance and complexity with which climate will often act on species in diverse topographic and climatic contexts. However, to date no studies have investigated habitat, distribution, and abundance of pikas across hundreds of sites within a remote wilderness area. Additionally, relatively little is known about whether climate acts most strongly on pikas through direct or indirect (e.g., vegetation-mediated) mechanisms. During 2007–2009, we collectively hiked >16,000 km throughout the 410,077-ha Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in an effort to identify topographic, microrefugial, and vegetative characteristics predictive of pika abundance. We identified 411 apparently pika-suitable habitat patches with binoculars (in situ), and surveyed 314 of them for pika signs. Ranking of alternative logistic-regression models based on AICc scores revealed that short-term pika abundances were positively associated with intermediate elevations, greater cover of mosses, and taller forbs, and decreased each year, for a total decline of 68% during the three-year study; whereas longer-term abundances were associated only with static variables (longitude, elevation, gradient) and were lower on north-facing slopes. Earlier Julian date and time of day of the survey (i.e., midday vs. not) were associated with lower observed pika abundance. We recommend that wildlife monitoring account for this seasonal and diel variation when surveying pikas. Broad-scale information on status and abundance determinants of montane mammals, especially for remote protected areas, is crucial for land and wildlife-resource managers trying to anticipate mammalian responses to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0167051","usgsCitation":"Moyer-Horner, L., Beever, E.A., Johnson, D.H., Beil, M., and Belt, J., 2016, Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, e0167051; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167051.","productDescription":"e0167051; 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076253","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","volume":"11","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f78e4b07e29c706dd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyer-Horner, Lucas","contributorId":174453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyer-Horner","given":"Lucas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beil, Mark","contributorId":177313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beil","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belt, Jami","contributorId":177314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belt","given":"Jami","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178803,"text":"70178803 - 2016 - Response comment: Carbon sequestration on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T09:15:40","indexId":"70178803","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response comment: Carbon sequestration on Mars","docAbstract":"Martian atmospheric pressure has important implications for the past and present habitability of the planet, including the timing and causes of environmental change. The ancient Martian surface is strewn with evidence for early water bound in minerals (e.g., Ehlmann and Edwards, 2014) and recorded in surface features such as large catastrophically created outflow channels (e.g., Carr, 1979), valley networks (Hynek et al., 2010; Irwin et al., 2005), and crater lakes (e.g., Fassett and Head, 2008). Using orbital spectral data sets coupled with geologic maps and a set of numerical spectral analysis models, Edwards and Ehlmann (2015) constrained the amount of atmospheric sequestration in early Martian rocks and found that the majority of this sequestration occurred prior to the formation of the early Hesperian/late Noachian valley networks (Fassett and Head, 2011; Hynek et al., 2010), thus implying the atmosphere was already thin by the time these surface-water-related features were formed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G37984Y.1","usgsCitation":"Edwards, C., and Ehlmann, B.L., 2016, Response comment: Carbon sequestration on Mars: Geology, v. 44, no. 6, e389; 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/G37984Y.1.","productDescription":"e389; 1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075232","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g37984y.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"44","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f7de4b07e29c706dd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Christopher cedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":147768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Christopher","email":"cedwards@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}