Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of micro- and macro-scale climatic processes. In agriculture, estimates of ET are frequently used to monitor droughts, schedule irrigation, and assess crop water productivity over large areas. Currently, in situ measurements of ET are difficult to scale up for regional applications, so remote sensing technology has been increasingly used to estimate crop ET. Ratio-based vegetation indices retrieved from optical remote sensing, like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, and Enhanced Vegetation Index are critical components of these models, particularly for the partitioning of ET into transpiration and soil evaporation. These indices have their limitations, however, and can induce large model bias and error. In this study, micrometeorological and spectroradiometric data collected over two growing seasons in cotton, maize, and rice fields in the Central Valley of California were used to identify spectral wavelengths from 428 to 2295 nm that produced the highest correlation to and lowest error with ET, transpiration, and soil evaporation. The analysis was performed with hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) at 10 nm intervals and multispectral broadbands (MSBBs) commonly retrieved by Earth observation platforms. The study revealed that (1) HNB indices consistently explained more variability in ET (ΔR2 = 0.12), transpiration (ΔR2 = 0.17), and soil evaporation (ΔR2 = 0.14) than MSBB indices; (2) the relationship between transpiration using the ratio-based index most commonly used for ET modeling, NDVI, was strong (R2 = 0.51), but the hyperspectral equivalent was superior (R2 = 0.68); and (3) soil evaporation was not estimated well using ratio-based indices from the literature (highest R2 = 0.37), but could be after further evaluation, using ratio-based indices centered on 743 and 953 nm (R2 = 0.72) or 428 and 1518 nm (R2 = 0.69).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., Thenkabail, P.S., Biggs, T., and Post, K., 2016, Hyperspectral narrowband and multispectral broadband indices for remote sensing of crop evapotranspiration and its components (transpiration and soil evaporation): Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 218-219, p. 122-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065032","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.07807142745009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"218-219","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bade4b07ca61bfe3bdb","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Marshall Michael, Thenkabail Prasad, Biggs Trent, Post Kirk","journalName":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","publicationDate":"3/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael T. mmarshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"mmarshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggs, Trent","contributorId":152640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biggs","given":"Trent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, Kirk","contributorId":152641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Kirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162515,"text":"70162515 - 2016 - Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:26:54","indexId":"70162515","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5047,"text":"Cancer Prevention Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin","docAbstract":"The PI3Kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway has important roles in cancer development for multiple tumor types, including UV-induced non-melanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressed populations are at increased risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals who are treated with rapamycin, (sirolimus, a classical mTOR inhibitor) have significantly decreased rates of developing new cutaneous SCCs compared to those that receive traditional immunosuppression. However, systemic rapamycin use can lead to significant adverse events. Here we explored the use of topical rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in the context of solar simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis. In SKH-1 mice, topical rapamycin treatment decreased tumor yields when applied after completion of 15 weeks of SSL exposure compared to controls. However, applying rapamycin during SSL exposure for 15 weeks, and continuing for 10 weeks after UV treatment, increased tumor yields. We also examined whether a combinatorial approach might result in more significant tumor suppression by rapamycin. We validated that rapamycin causes increased Akt (S473) phosphorylation in the epidermis after SSL, and show for the first time that this dysregulation can be inhibited in vivo by a selective PDK1/Akt inhibitor, PHT-427. Combining rapamycin with PHT-427 on tumor prone skin additively caused a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity compared to vehicle controls. Our findings indicate that patients taking rapamycin should avoid sun exposure, and that combining topical mTOR inhibitors and Akt inhibitors may be a viable chemoprevention option for individuals at high risk for cutaneous SCC.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0419","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, S.E., Janda, J., Criswell, J., Blohm-Mangone, K., Olson, E.R., Liu, Z., Barber, C., Rusche, J.J., Petricoin, E., Calvert, V., Einspahr, J.G., Dickinson, J.E., Stratton, S.P., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., Saboda, K., Hu, C., Bode, A.M., Dong, Z., Alberts, D.S., and Bowden, G.T., 2016, Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin: Cancer Prevention Research, v. 9, p. 215-224, https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0419.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070816","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4777684","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3baee4b07ca61bfe3bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Sally E","contributorId":152549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janda, Jaroslav","contributorId":152550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janda","given":"Jaroslav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Criswell, Jane","contributorId":152551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Criswell","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blohm-Mangone, Karen","contributorId":152552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm-Mangone","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Erik R.","contributorId":152553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of 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Clara","contributorId":152561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curiel-Lewandrowski","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Saboda, Kathylynn","contributorId":152562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saboda","given":"Kathylynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hu, Chengcheng","contributorId":152563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Chengcheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Bode, Ann M.","contributorId":152564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bode","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Dong, Zigang","contributorId":152565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Zigang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Alberts, David S.","contributorId":152566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alberts","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Bowden, G. Timothy","contributorId":152567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowden","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70162623,"text":"ofr20161012 - 2016 - Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T13:27:53","indexId":"ofr20161012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1012","title":"Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The recovery of endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) in Upper Klamath Lake is limited by poor juvenile survival and failure to recruit into the adult population. Poor water quality, degradation of rearing habitat, and toxic levels of microcystin are hypothesized to contribute to low juvenile survival. Studies of wild juvenile suckers are limited in that capture rates are low and compromised individuals are rarely captured in passive nets. The goal of this study was to assess the use of a mesocosm for learning about juvenile survival, movement, and health. Hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers were PIT (passive integrated transponder) tagged and monitored by three vertically stratified antennas. Fish locations within the mesocosm were recorded at least every 30 minutes and were assessed in relation to vertically stratified water-quality conditions. Vertical movement patterns were analyzed to identify the timing of mortality for each fish. Most mortality occurred from July 28 to August 16, 2014. Juvenile suckers spent daylight hours near the benthos and moved throughout the entire water column during dark hours. Diel movements were not in response to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, temperature, or pH. Furthermore, low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, high temperatures, high pH, high un-ionized ammonia, or high microcystin levels did not directly cause mortality, although indirect effects may have occurred. However, water-quality conditions known to be lethal to juvenile Lost River suckers did not occur during the study period. Histological assessment revealed severe gill hyperplasia and Ichthyobodo sp. infestations in most moribund fish. For these fish, Ichthyobodo sp. was likely the cause of mortality, although it is unclear if this parasite originated in the rearing facility because fish were not screened for this parasite prior to introduction. This study has demonstrated that we can effectively use a mesocosm equipped with antennas to learn about the timing of mortality, movement, and health of PIT-tagged hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hereford, D.M., Burdick, S.M., Elliott, D.G., Dolan-Caret, Amari, Conway, C.M., and Harris, A.C., 2016, Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1012, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161012.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070117","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/ofr20161012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1012 Report PDF"},{"id":314948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
Missouri was the leading producer of lead in the United States—as well as the world—for more than a century. One of the lead sources is known as the Old Lead Belt, located in southeast Missouri. The primary ore mineral in the region is galena, which can be found both in surface deposits and underground as deep as 200 feet. More than 8.5 million tons of lead were produced from the Old Lead Belt before operations ceased in 1972. Although active lead mining has ended, the effects of mining activities still remain in the form of large mine waste piles on the landscape typically near tributaries and the main stem of the Big River, which drains the Old Lead Belt. Six large mine waste piles encompassing more than 2,800 acres, exist within the Big River Basin. These six mine waste piles have been an available source of trace element-rich suspended sediments transported by natural erosional processes downstream into the Big River.
\nA study was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, to calculate and characterize suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River basin after reclamation of the mine waste piles ended in 2012. Streamflow and suspended sediments were quantified and sampled at two locations along a 68-mile reach of the Big River between Bonne Terre and Byrnes Mill, Missouri. The results will help regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, determine impaired reaches and ecosystems for remedial and restoration efforts.
\nContinuous stream stage, water temperature, and turbidity, and discrete suspended-sediment concentration data were collected at the two sites between October 2011 and September 2013. Suspended-sediment samples were collected during various hydrologic conditions to develop a regression model between discrete suspended-sediment concentration and continuous turbidity. Suspended sediments collected during stormflow events were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements such as barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc within two sediment size fractions. Event loads and annual loads of suspended sediment and select trace elements in suspended sediments also were calculated.
\nSuspended-sediment loads computed by the regression model increased downstream from about 201,000 tons at the upstream site to about 355,000 tons at the downstream site during the study period. Stormflow-event-based (hereinafter referred to as “event-based”) suspended-sediment loads ranged from 180 to 32,000 tons at the upstream sampling site and 390 to 53,000 tons at the downstream site along the Big River. Although only seven stormflow events at the upstream site and six at the downstream site were sampled, the event-based suspended-sediment loads accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total suspended-sediment loads computed at both sites, indicating most of the suspended sediment transported through the Big River occurs during higher streamflows.
\nSediment quality guidelines, known as the threshold effect concentration and the probable effect concentration, used to assess toxicity of trace-element concentrations in sediments were compared to the cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in suspended sediment samples collected during stormflow events. All concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples exceeded the threshold and probable effect concentrations. Lead and zinc concentrations in the sediment size fraction less than 0.063 millimeters also exceeded the toxic effect threshold, above which sediment is considered to be heavily polluted causing adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples were notably higher in samples from the upstream site than samples from the downstream site, indicating the sources of sediments enriched in these trace elements decrease in the downstream area of the watershed. The reduction in concentration of cadmium and zinc could be from dissolution of the constituents during transport or possibly a decrease in downstream source material. The lead concentration exceedance of the probable effects concentration as well as the threshold effects concentration indicates that lead-rich suspended sediments in the fraction less than 0.063 millimeters are readily available within the Big River Basin for transport. These sediments remain in the system from historical mining, and as the reclamation of mine waste piles in the upstream area of the watershed reduce additional sediment loadings, these fine sediments may be continually released as the river scours the streambed and erodes stream banks causing the lead-rich suspended sediment to remain in a state of equilibrium.
\nBarium concentrations in suspended-sediments were nearly twice as high in stormflow event samples collected at the downstream site as compared to samples from the upstream site. The source of barium in the Big River could be from Mineral Fork and Mill Creek, which flow through the historical barite (barium sulfate, also known as tiff) mining district in Washington County, and discharge into the Big River between the two study sites.
\nTotal trace-element loads and yields in suspended sediments were computed from the sampled events for each year in the study. The total barium loads in suspended sediments were higher for sampled events collected at the downstream site than the upstream site during both study years. Cadmium and zinc loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site than the upstream site, although the decrease in total load was not substantial during the study period. Lead loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site during the first study year, with a slightly higher load downstream in the second year though the increase from upstream to downstream was small. Event-based yields were higher at the upstream site, indicating that readily available sediment sources are closer to the upstream site where more mining affected areas are located. The estimates determined during large precipitation events indicate that large sources of suspended sediments with large concentrations of trace elements are still available for transport within the Big River.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2016, Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5171, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155171.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-065903","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5171/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314931,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5171/sir20155171.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5171"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.586820096127674\n ],\n [\n -90.6427001953125,\n 38.45789034424927\n ],\n [\n -90.582275390625,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -90.5767822265625,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -90.5877685546875,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -90.362548828125,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -90.0384521484375,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -90.0164794921875,\n 37.57505900514994\n ],\n [\n -90.208740234375,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -90.3900146484375,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -90.538330078125,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -90.7635498046875,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -90.8404541015625,\n 37.17344871200958\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -91.23596191406249,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -91.1920166015625,\n 37.688167468408025\n ],\n [\n -91.3238525390625,\n 37.76637243960176\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -91.131591796875,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -91.04919433593749,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -91.0711669921875,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -90.9173583984375,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -90.9613037109375,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -90.999755859375,\n 38.38472766885085\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 38.5008925889646\n ],\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.586820096127674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"
Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road, MS-100
Rolla, MO 65401
During the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake (Mw 9.2), several fjords, straits, and bays throughout southern Alaska experienced significant tsunami runup of localized, but unexplained origin. Dangerous Passage is a glacimarine fjord in western Prince William Sound, which experienced a tsunami that devastated the village of Chenega where 23 of 75 inhabitants were lost – the highest relative loss of any community during the earthquake. Previous studies suggested the source of the devastating tsunami was either from a local submarine landslide of unknown origin or from coseismic tectonic displacement. Here we present new observations from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection surveys conducted in the waters adjacent to the village of Chenega. The seabed morphology and substrate architecture reveal a large submarine landslide complex in water depths of 120–360 m. Analysis of bathymetric change between 1957 and 2014 indicates the upper 20–50 m (∼0.7 km3) of glacimarine sediment was destabilized and evacuated from the steep face of a submerged moraine and an adjacent ∼21 km2 perched sedimentary basin. Once mobilized, landslide debris poured over the steep, 130 m-high face of a deeper moraine and then blanketed the terminal basin (∼465 m water depth) in 11 ± 5 m of sediment. These results, combined with inverse tsunami travel-time modeling, suggest that earthquake- triggered submarine landslides generated the tsunami that struck the village of Chenega roughly 4 min after shaking began. Unlike other tsunamigenic landslides observed in and around Prince William Sound in 1964, the failures in Dangerous Passage are not linked to an active submarine delta. The requisite environmental conditions needed to generate large submarine landslides in glacimarine fjords around the world may be more common than previously thought.
\nHeavily tuberculated glyptosaur osteoderms were collected in an active limestone quarry in northern Berkeley County, South Carolina. The osteoderms are part of a highly diverse late Paleocene vertebrate assemblage that consists of marine, terrestrial, fluvial, and/or brackish water taxa, including chondrichthyan and osteichthyan fish, turtles (chelonioid, trionychid, pelomedusid, emydid), crocodilians, palaeopheid snakes, and a mammal. Calcareous nannofossils indicate that the fossiliferous deposit accumulated within subzone NP9a of the Thanetian Stage (late Paleocene, upper part of Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age [NALMA]) and is therefore temporally equivalent to the Chicora Member of the Williamsburg Formation. The composition of the paleofauna indicates that the fossiliferous deposit accumulated in a marginal marine setting that was influenced by fluvial processes (estuarine or deltaic).
\nThe discovery of South Carolina osteoderms is significant because they expand the late Paleocene geographic range of glyptosaurines eastward from the US midcontinent to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and provide one of the few North American records of these lizards inhabiting coastal habitats. This discovery also brings to light a possibility that post-Paleocene expansion of this group into Europe occurred via northeastward migration along the Atlantic coast of North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/jpa.2016.16","usgsCitation":"Cicimurri, D.J., Knight, J.L., Self-Trail, J., and Ebersole, S.M., 2016, Late Paleocene glyptosaur (Reptilia: Anguidae) osteoderms from South Carolina, USA: Journal of Paleontology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.16.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066547","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"90","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a183e4b030378fb47439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cicimurri, David J.","contributorId":173001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicimurri","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27137,"text":"South Carolina State Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, James L.","contributorId":113870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebersole, Sandy M.","contributorId":173002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Sandy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27138,"text":"Alabama Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162524,"text":"70162524 - 2016 - Survival and growth of freshwater pulmonate and nonpulmonate snails in 28-day exposures to copper, ammonia, and pentachlorophenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:26:54","indexId":"70162524","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and growth of freshwater pulmonate and nonpulmonate snails in 28-day exposures to copper, ammonia, and pentachlorophenol","docAbstract":"We performed toxicity tests with two species of pulmonate snails (Lymnaea stagnalis and Physa gyrina) and four taxa of nonpulmonate snails in the family Hydrobiidae (Pyrgulopsis robusta,Taylorconcha serpenticola, Fluminicola sp., and Fontigens aldrichi). Snails were maintained in static-renewal or recirculating culture systems with adults removed periodically to isolate cohorts of offspring for toxicity testing. This method successfully produced offspring for both species of pulmonate snails and for two hydrobiid species, P. robusta and Fluminicola sp. Toxicity tests were performed for 28 days with copper, ammonia, and pentachlorophenol in hard reconstituted water with endpoints of survival and growth. Tests were started with 1-week-old L. stagnalis, 2-week-old P. gyrina, 5- to 13-week-old P. robusta and Fluminicola sp., and older juveniles and adults of several hydrobiid species. For all three chemicals, chronic toxicity values for pulmonate snails were consistently greater than those for hydrobiid snails, and hydrobiids were among the most sensitive taxa in species sensitivity distributions for all three chemicals. These results suggest that the toxicant sensitivity of nonpulmonate snails in the family Hydrobiidae would not be adequately represented by results of toxicity testing with pulmonate snails.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-015-0255-3","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Dorman, R.A., Hardesty, D., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2016, Survival and growth of freshwater pulmonate and nonpulmonate snails in 28-day exposures to copper, ammonia, and pentachlorophenol: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 70, no. 2, p. 321-331, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0255-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-067139","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a898b1e4b0b28f1184dbcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorman, Rebecca A. 0000-0002-5748-7046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7046","contributorId":28522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardesty, Douglas K. dhardesty@usgs.gov","contributorId":3281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Douglas K.","email":"dhardesty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176649,"text":"70176649 - 2016 - Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:34:53","indexId":"70176649","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives","docAbstract":"Water temperature is an important factor in river ecology. Numerous models have been developed to predict river temperature. However, many were not designed to predict thermally stressful periods. Because such events are rare, traditionally applied analyses are inappropriate. Here, we developed two logistic regression models to predict thermally stressful events in the Delaware River at the US Geological Survey gage near Lordville, New York. One model predicted the probability of an event >20.0 °C, and a second predicted an event >22.2 °C. Both models were strong (independent test data sensitivity 0.94 and 1.00, specificity 0.96 and 0.96) predicting 63 of 67 events in the >20.0 °C model and all 15 events in the >22.2 °C model. Both showed negative relationships with released volume from the upstream Cannonsville Reservoir and positive relationships with difference between air temperature and previous day's water temperature at Lordville. We further predicted how increasing release volumes from Cannonsville Reservoir affected the probabilities of correctly predicted events. For the >20.0 °C model, an increase of 0.5 to a proportionally adjusted release (that accounts for other sources) resulted in 35.9% of events in the training data falling below cutoffs; increasing this adjustment by 1.0 resulted in 81.7% falling below cutoffs. For the >22.2 °C these adjustments resulted in 71.1% and 100.0% of events falling below cutoffs. Results from these analyses can help managers make informed decisions on alternative release scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/rra.2998","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K., Cole, J.C., and Schmid, M., 2016, Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives: River Research and Applications, no. 32, p. 1428-1437, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2998.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1428","endPage":"1437","ipdsId":"IP-065139","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"32","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6cfe4b0bc0bec09cb7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, M.","contributorId":96000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168486,"text":"70168486 - 2016 - A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T14:48:34","indexId":"70168486","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study","docAbstract":"The Bou Jaber Ba-F-Pb-Zn deposit is located at the edge of the Bou Jaber Triassic salt diapir in the Tunisia Salt Diapir Province. The ores are unconformity and fault-controlled and occur as subvertical column-shaped bodies developed in dissolution-collapse breccias and in cavities within the Late Aptian platform carbonate rocks, which are covered unconformably by impermeable shales and marls of the Fahdene Formation (Late Albian–Cenomanian age). The host rock is hydrothermally altered to ankerite proximal to and within the ore bodies. Quartz, as fine-grained bipyramidal crystals, formed during hydrothermal alteration of the host rocks. The ore mineral assemblage is composed of barite, fluorite, sphalerite, and galena in decreasing abundance. The ore zones outline distinct depositional events: sphalerite-galena, barite-ankerite, and fluorite. Fluid inclusions, commonly oil-rich, have distinct fluid salinities and homogenization temperatures for each of these events: sphalerite-galena (17 to 24 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 112 to 136 °C); ankerite-barite (11 to 17 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 100 to 130 °C); fluorite (19 to 21 wt% NaCl eq., Th from 140 to 165 °C). The mean temperature of the ore fluids decreased from sphalerite (125 °C) to barite (115 °C) and increased during fluorite deposition (152 °C); then decreased to ∼110 °C during late calcite precipitation. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of fluid inclusions in fluorite are metal rich (hundreds to thousands ppm Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe) but the inclusions in barite are deficient in Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe. Inclusions in fluorite have Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of several thousand, consistent with dissolution of halite while the inclusions analysed in barite have values lower than seawater which are indicative of a Br-enriched brine derived from evaporation plus a component of halite dissolution. The salinity of the barite-hosted fluid inclusions is less than obtained simply by the evaporation of seawater to halite saturation and requires a dilution of more than two times by meteoric water. The higher K/Na values in fluid inclusions from barite suggest that the brines interacted with K-rich rocks in the basement or siliciclastic sediments in the basin. Carbonate gangue minerals (ankerite and calcite) have δ13C and δ18O values that are close to the carbonate host rock and indicate fluid equilibrium between carbonate host rocks and hydrothermal brines. The δ34S values for sphalerite and galena fall within a narrow range (1 to 10 ‰) with a bulk value of 7.5 ‰, indicating a homogeneous source of sulfur. The δ34S values of barite are also relatively homogeneous (22 ‰), with 6 ‰ higher than the δ34S of local and regional Triassic evaporites (15 ‰). The latter are believed to be the source of sulfate. Temperature of deposition together with sulfur isotope data indicate that the reduced sulfur in sulfides was derived through thermochemical sulfate reduction of Triassic sulfate via hydrocarbons produced probably from Late Cretaceous source rocks. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Bou Jaber barite (0.709821 to 0.711408) together with the lead isotope values of Bou Jaber galena (206Pb/204Pb = 18.699 to 18.737;207Pb/204Pb = 15.635 to 15.708 and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.321 to 38.947) show that metals were extracted from homogeneous crustal source(s). The tectonic setting of the Bou Jaber ore deposit, the carbonate nature of the host rocks, the epigenetic style of the mineralization and the mineral associations, together with sulfur and oxygen isotope data and fluid inclusion data show that the Bou Jaber lead-zinc mineralization has the major characteristics of a salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit with superimposed events of fluorite and of barite deposition. Field relations are consistent with mineral deposition during the Eocene–Miocene Alpine orogeny from multiple hydrothermal events: (1) Zn-Pb sulfides formed by mixing of two fluids: one fluid metal-rich but reduced sulfur-poor and a second fluid reduced sulfur-rich; (2) barite precipitation involved the influx of a meteoric water component that mixed with a barium-rich fluid; and (3) fluorite precipitated from a highly saline fluid with higher temperatures.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-015-0634-8","collaboration":"Bouhlel, Salah; Leach, David; Johnson, Craig; Salmi-Laouar, Siham; Banks, David","usgsCitation":"Bouhlel, S., Leach, D., Johnson, C.A., Marsh, E.E., Salmi-Laouar, S., and Banks, D., 2016, A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study: Mineralium Deposita, v. 51, no. 6, p. 749-780, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0634-8.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"780","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070675","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/93472/12/bou%20jaber%20pre%20publication.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Algeria, Tunisia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n 7.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n 11.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n 11.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n 7.5,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4563be4b0946c652184dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouhlel, Salah","contributorId":166960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouhlel","given":"Salah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24581,"text":"Faculty of Sciences University Tunis el Manar","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, David","contributorId":41076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salmi-Laouar, Sihem","contributorId":166961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi-Laouar","given":"Sihem","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24582,"text":"University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banks, David A.","contributorId":166966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banks","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176139,"text":"70176139 - 2016 - Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T09:48:01","indexId":"70176139","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys","docAbstract":"
Light availability is an important factor driving primary productivity in benthic ecosystems, but in situ and remote sensing measurements of light quality are limited for coral reefs and seagrass beds. We evaluated the productivity responses of a patch reef and a seagrass site in the Lower Florida Keys to ambient light availability and spectral quality. In situ optical properties were characterized utilizing moored and water column bio-optical and hydrographic measurements. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was also estimated for these study sites using benthic productivity chambers. Our results show higher spectral light attenuation and absorption, and lower irradiance during low tide in the patch reef, tracking the influx of materials from shallower coastal areas. In contrast, the intrusion of clearer surface Atlantic Ocean water caused lower values of spectral attenuation and absorption, and higher irradiance in the patch reef during high tide. Storms during the studied period, with winds >10 m·s−1, caused higher spectral attenuation values. A spatial gradient of NEP was observed, from high productivity in the shallow seagrass area, to lower productivity in deeper patch reefs. The highest daytime NEP was observed in the seagrass, with values of almost 0.4 g·O2·m−2·h−1. Productivity at the patch reef area was lower in May than during October 2012 (mean = 0.137 and 0.177 g·O2·m−2·h−1, respectively). Higher photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels measured above water and lower light attenuation in the red region of the visible spectrum (~666 to ~699 nm) had a positive correlation with NEP. Our results indicate that changes in light availability and quality by suspended or resuspended particles limit benthic productivity in the Florida Keys.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3390/rs8020086","usgsCitation":"Toro-Farmer, G., Muller-Karger, F.E., Vega-Rodriguez, M., Melo, N., Yates, K.K., Johns, E., Cerdeira-Estrada, S., and Herwitz, S.R., 2016, Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020086.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062418","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower Florida Keys, Sugarloaf 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kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johns, Elizabeth","contributorId":174132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cerdeira-Estrada, Sergio","contributorId":174133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerdeira-Estrada","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27366,"text":"National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herwitz, Stan R.","contributorId":171868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herwitz","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":26962,"text":"NASA UAV Collaborative, Moffet Field, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70162540,"text":"70162540 - 2016 - Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:06:31.918059","indexId":"70162540","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","title":"Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","docAbstract":"Abiotic factors have a strong influence on where annual Bromus species are found. At the large regional scale, temperature and precipitation extremes determine the boundaries of Bromus occurrence. At the more local scale, soil characteristics and climate influence distribution, cover, and performance. In hot, dry, summer-rainfall-dominated deserts (Sonoran, Chihuahuan), little or no Bromus is found, likely due to timing or amount of soil moisture relative to Bromus phenology. In hot, winter-rainfall-dominated deserts (parts of the Mojave Desert), Bromus rubens is widespread and correlated with high phosphorus availability. It also responds positively to additions of nitrogen alone or with phosphorus. On the Colorado Plateau, with higher soil moisture availability, factors limiting Bromus tectorum populations vary with life stage: phosphorus and water limit germination, potassium and the potassium/magnesium ratio affect winter performance, and water and potassium/magnesium affect spring performance. Controlling nutrients also change with elevation. In cooler deserts with winter precipitation (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau) and thus even greater soil moisture availability, B. tectorum populations are controlled by nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Experimental nitrogen additions stimulate Bromus performance. The reason for different nutrients limiting in dissimilar climatic regions is not known, but it is likely that site conditions such as soil texture (as it affects water and nutrient availability), organic matter, and/or chemistry interact in a manner that regulates nutrient availability and limitations. Under future drier, hotter conditions,Bromus distribution is likely to change due to changes in the interaction between moisture and nutrient availability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Stark, J.T., Rau, B., Allen, E.B., and Phillips, S.L., 2016, Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 227-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-056701","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3fe4b0571647cf8df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, John Thomas","contributorId":92247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rau, Benjamin","contributorId":69079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156725,"text":"70156725 - 2016 - Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:04:39.168549","indexId":"70156725","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","title":"Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","docAbstract":"An understanding of the impacts of exotic plant species on ecosystems is necessary to justify and guide efforts to limit their spread, restore natives, and plan for conservation. Invasive annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum, B. rubens, B. hordeaceus, and B. diandrus (hereafter collectively referred to as Bromus) transform the structure and function of ecosystems they dominate. Experiments that prove cause-and-effect impacts of Bromus are rare, yet inferences can be gleaned from the combination of Bromus-ecosystem associations, ecosystem condition before/after invasion, and an understanding of underlying mechanisms. Bromus typically establishes in bare soil patches and can eventually replace perennials such as woody species or bunchgrasses, creating a homogeneous annual cover. Plant productivity and cover are less stable across seasons and years when Bromus dominates, due to a greater response to annual climate variability. Bromus’ “flash” of growth followed by senescence early in the growing season, combined with shallow rooting and annual habit, may lead to incomplete use of deep soil water, reduced C sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by Bromus alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notably increases wildfire occurrence. Where Bromus has become dominant, it can decrease soil stability by rendering soils bare for months following fire or episodic, pathogen-induced stand failure. Bromus-invaded communities have lower species diversity, and associated species tend to be generalists adapted to unstable and variable habitats. Changes in litter, fire, and soil properties appear to feedback to reinforce Bromus’ dominance in a pattern that portends desertification.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., Belnap, J., Stark, J., Allen, E.B., and Rau, B.M., 2016, Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 61-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061498","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6c2e4b0b28f1184dbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. mgermino@usgs.gov","contributorId":146934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, John M.","contributorId":152587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"John M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rau, Benjamin M.","contributorId":105247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162545,"text":"70162545 - 2016 - Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:03:29.953265","indexId":"70162545","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","title":"Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","docAbstract":"The factors that determine plant community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species (Bromus hereafter) are diverse and context specific. They are influenced by the environmental characteristics and attributes of the community, the traits of Bromus species, and the direct and indirect interactions of Bromus with the plant community. Environmental factors, in particular ambient and soil temperatures, have significant effects on the ability of Bromus to establish and spread. Seasonality of precipitation relative to temperature influences plant community resistance to Bromus through effects on soil water storage, timing of water and nutrient availability, and dominant plant life forms. Differences among plant communities in how well soil resource use by the plant community matches resource supply rates can influence the magnitude of resource fluctuations due to either climate or disturbance and thus the opportunities for invasion. The spatial and temporal patterns of resource availability and acquisition of growth resources by Bromus versus native species strongly influence resistance to invasion. Traits of Bromus that confer a “priority advantage” for resource use in many communities include early-season germination and high growth and reproductive rates. Resistance to Bromus can be overwhelmed by high propagule supply, low innate seed dormancy, and large, if short-lived, seed banks. Biological crusts can inhibit germination and establishment of invasive annual plants, including several annual Bromus species, but are effective only in the absence of disturbance. Herbivores can have negative direct effects on Bromus, but positive indirect effects through decreases in competitors. Management strategies can be improved through increased understanding of community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10","usgsCitation":"Chambers, J., Germino, M., Belnap, J., Brown, C., Schupp, E.W., and St. Clair, S.B., 2016, Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 275-304, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"304","ipdsId":"IP-057804","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3ee4b0571647cf8dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne","contributorId":32841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia","contributorId":77164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":7824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"St. Clair, Samuel B","contributorId":152583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Clair","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162410,"text":"70162410 - 2016 - Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:24:24","indexId":"70162410","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish","docAbstract":"Climate change is driving rapid changes in environmental conditions and affecting population and species’ persistence across spatial and temporal scales. Integrating climate change assessments into biological resource management, such as conserving endangered species, is a substantial challenge, partly due to a mismatch between global climate forecasts and local or regional conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate how outputs of global climate change models can be downscaled to the watershed scale, and then coupled with ecophysiological metrics to assess climate change effects on organisms of conservation concern. We employed models to estimate future water temperatures (2010–2099) under several climate change scenarios within the large heterogeneous San Francisco Estuary. We then assessed the warming effects on the endangered, endemic Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, by integrating localized projected water temperatures with thermal sensitivity metrics (tolerance, spawning and maturation windows, and sublethal stress thresholds) across life stages. Lethal temperatures occurred under several scenarios, but sublethal effects resulting from chronic stressful temperatures were more common across the estuary (median >60 days above threshold for >50% locations by the end of the century). Behavioral avoidance of such stressful temperatures would make a large portion of the potential range of Delta Smelt unavailable during the summer and fall. Since Delta Smelt are not likely to migrate to other estuaries, these changes are likely to result in substantial habitat compression. Additionally, the Delta Smelt maturation window was shortened by 18–85 days, revealing cumulative effects of stressful summer and fall temperatures with early initiation of spring spawning that may negatively impact fitness. Our findings highlight the value of integrating sublethal thresholds, life history, and in situ thermal heterogeneity into global change impact assessments. As downscaled climate models are becoming widely available, we conclude that similar assessments at management-relevant scales will improve the scientific basis for resource management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0146724","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Komoroske, L., Wagner, R., Morgan-King, T., May, J.T., Connon, R., and Fangue, N.A., 2016, Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish: PLoS ONE, Article e0146724; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146724.","productDescription":"Article e0146724; 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066160","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Bay, Honker Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, upper San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122.3,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122.3,\n 37.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a352afe4b0b28f1183bbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komoroske, Lisa M","contributorId":152475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komoroske","given":"Lisa M","affiliations":[{"id":18933,"text":"NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R Wayne","contributorId":152476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"R Wayne","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan-King, Tara 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":32804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-King","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connon, Richard E","contributorId":152478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connon","given":"Richard E","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fangue, Nann A.","contributorId":152479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fangue","given":"Nann","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159883,"text":"sir20155175 - 2016 - Delineation of the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-13T08:21:35","indexId":"sir20155175","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5175","title":"Delineation of the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report delineates the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley (PMOV) groundwater basin, where recharge occurs, moves downgradient, and discharges to Oasis Valley, Nevada. About 5,900 acre-feet of water discharges annually from Oasis Valley, an area of springs and seeps near the town of Beatty in southern Nevada. Radionuclides in groundwater beneath Pahute Mesa, an area of historical underground nuclear testing at the Nevada National Security Site, are believed to be migrating toward Oasis Valley. Delineating the boundary of the PMOV groundwater basin is necessary to adequately assess the potential for transport of radionuclides from Pahute Mesa to Oasis Valley.
The PMOV contributing area is defined based on regional water-level contours, geologic controls, and knowledge of adjacent flow systems. The viability of this area as the contributing area to Oasis Valley and the absence of significant interbasin flow between the PMOV groundwater basin and adjacent basins are shown regionally and locally. Regional constraints on the location of the contributing area boundary and on the absence of interbasin groundwater flow are shown by balancing groundwater discharges in the PMOV groundwater basin and adjacent basins against available water from precipitation. Internal consistency for the delineated contributing area is shown by matching measured water levels, groundwater discharges, and transmissivities with simulated results from a single-layer, steady-state, groundwater-flow model. An alternative basin boundary extending farther north than the final boundary was rejected based on a poor chloride mass balance and a large imbalance in the northern area between preferred and simulated recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management, under Interagency Agreement, DE-NA0001654","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., Halford, K.J., and Moreo, M.T., 2016, Delineation of the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada (ver. 1.1, May 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5175, 40 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155175.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; Plate: 21.08 x 32.62 inches; Appendix B; Model Archive","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-033349","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438642,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N58JFQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Appendix C of Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5175, Model archive of Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley groundwater flow model"},{"id":314707,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5175/sir20155175_appendixB_BasinBALANCE.zip","text":"Appendix B","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5175 Appendix B zip"},{"id":314708,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5175/sir20155175_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5175 Plate 1 PDF"},{"id":314709,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7N58JFQ","text":"Model Archive"},{"id":314817,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2015_5175_WLcontours.xml","text":"Water-level altitude contours of Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley and surrounding groundwater basins, Nevada and California"},{"id":314705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5175/sir20155175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5175 PDF"},{"id":314706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5175/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":314818,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2015_5175_GWbasins.xml","text":"Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley and surrounding groundwater basins, Nevada and California"},{"id":321195,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5175/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 38.28131307922969\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 38.28131307922969\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.951329861522666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted January 22, 2016; Version 1.1: May 12, 2016","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
Life history traits were compared among four morphs of lake trout at Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Of 738 lake trout caught at Isle Royale, 701 were assigned to a morph (119 humpers, 160 leans, 85 redfins, and 337 siscowets) using a combination of statistical analysis of head and body shape and visual assignment. On average, redfins were longer (544 mm), heavier (1,481 g), heavier at length (Wr = 94), more buoyant, and older (22 years) than siscowets (519 mm; 1,221 g; 90; 19 years), leans (479 mm; 854 g; 82; 13 years), and humpers (443 mm; 697 g; 87; 17 years). On average, leans grew from a younger age at length = 0 and shorter length at age = 0, at a faster early growth rate to a longer asymptotic length than the other three morphs, while redfins grew at a slower instantaneous rate and humpers grew to a shorter asymptotic length than other morphs. On average, leans were longer (562 mm) and older (15 years) at 50% maturity than redfins (427 mm, 12 years), siscowets (401 mm, 11 years), or humpers (394 mm, 13 years). Life history parameters did not differ between males and females within each morph. We conclude that differences in life history attributes of lean, humper, redfin, and siscowet morphs of lake trout are consistent with differential habitat use in waters around Isle Royale, Lake Superior.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.011","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Nate, N.A., Muir, A., Bronte, C.R., Zimmerman, M.S., and Krueger, C., 2016, Life history variation among four lake trout morphs at Isle Royale, Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 2, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071349","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royale","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.406982421875,\n 48.08908799881762\n ],\n [\n -88.33969116210938,\n 48.159673376126634\n ],\n [\n -88.28887939453125,\n 48.25028349849022\n ],\n [\n -88.3245849609375,\n 48.26948322200042\n ],\n [\n -88.42483520507812,\n 48.25211235426607\n ],\n [\n -88.57452392578125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -88.74481201171875,\n 48.16516946195868\n ],\n [\n -88.8409423828125,\n 48.08266633622704\n ],\n [\n -88.99337768554688,\n 48.03310084552225\n ],\n [\n -89.08401489257812,\n 47.98808345357488\n ],\n [\n -89.2364501953125,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -89.36141967773438,\n 47.89516850516946\n ],\n [\n -89.47402954101561,\n 47.823298103444806\n ],\n [\n -89.50836181640625,\n 47.759637380334595\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 47.71992531014397\n ],\n [\n -89.34768676757812,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -89.15817260742188,\n 47.79562911029222\n ],\n [\n -88.73245239257812,\n 47.85648143832489\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 47.931986477556784\n ],\n [\n -88.45367431640624,\n 48.03034580796616\n ],\n [\n -88.406982421875,\n 48.08908799881762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b69e4b0403299f53a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nate, Nancy A.","contributorId":26626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nate","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muir, Andrew M.","contributorId":103933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, Mara S.","contributorId":152687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Mara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13269,"text":"Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":73131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162408,"text":"ofr20161004 - 2016 - A plan for study of hexavalent chromium, CR(VI) in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T12:53:43","indexId":"ofr20161004","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1004","title":"A plan for study of hexavalent chromium, CR(VI) in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California, 2016","docAbstract":"The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station, in the Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, is used to compress natural gas as it is transported through a pipeline from Texas to California. Between 1952 and 1964, cooling water used at the compressor station was treated with a compound containing chromium to prevent corrosion. After cooling, the wastewater was discharged to unlined ponds, resulting in contamination of soil and groundwater in the underlying alluvial aquifer (Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2013). Since 1964, cooling-water management practices have been used that do not contribute chromium to groundwater.
In 2007, a PG&E study of the natural background concentrations of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater estimated average concentrations in the Hinkley area to be 1.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L), with a 95-percent upper-confidence limit of 3.1 μg/L (CH2M-Hill, 2007). The 3.1 μg/L upper-confidence limit was adopted by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) as the maximum background concentration used to map the plume extent. In response to criticism of the study’s methodology, and an increase in the mapped extent of the plume between 2008 and 2011, the Lahontan RWQCB (Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2012) agreed that the 2007 PG&E background-concentration study be updated.
The purpose of the updated background study is to evaluate the presence of natural and man-made Cr(VI) near Hinkley, Calif. The study also is to estimate natural background Cr(VI) concentrations in the aquifer upgradient and downgradient from the mapped Cr(VI) contamination plume, as well as in the plume and near its margins. The study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with a technical working group (TWG) composed of community members, the Independent Review Panel (IRP) Manager (Project Navigator, Ltd.), the Lahontan RWQCB, PG&E, and consultants for PG&E.&E.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Groover, Krishangi, A Plan for Study of Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1004, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161004.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069161","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1004/ofr20161004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","description":"OFR 2016-1004 PDF"},{"id":314700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 34.87860836385923\n ],\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 35.030558627895005\n ],\n [\n -117.12593078613283,\n 35.030558627895005\n ],\n [\n -117.12593078613283,\n 34.87860836385923\n ],\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 34.87860836385923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations between the sexes of mature fish may reveal important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish PCB concentrations in 23 female summer flounder Paralichthys dentatusand 27 male summer flounder from New Jersey coastal waters. To investigate the potential for differences in diet or habitat utilization between the sexes, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were also determined. In 5 of the 23 female summer flounder, PCB concentrations in the somatic tissue and ovaries were determined. In addition, we used bioenergetics modeling to assess the contribution of the growth dilution effect to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Whole-fish PCB concentrations for females and males averaged 87 and 124 ng/g, respectively; thus males were 43% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios did not significantly differ between the sexes, suggesting that diet composition and habitat utilization did not vary between the sexes. Based on PCB determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that PCB concentration of females would increase by 0.6%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. Thus, the change in PCB concentration due to release of eggs did not explain the higher PCB concentrations observed in males. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could account for males being 19% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Thus, the bulk of the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes was not explained by growth dilution. We concluded that a higher rate of energy expenditure in males, stemming from greater activity and a greater resting metabolic rate, was most likely the primary driver for the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0147223","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Jensen, O.P., Rediske, R.R., O'Keefe, J., Vastano, A.R., and Pothoven, S.A., 2016, Differences in energy expenditures and growth dilution explain higher PCB concentrations in male summer flounder: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147223.","productDescription":"e0147223; 20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068626","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147223","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.05334472656249,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.432373046875,\n 40.6723059714534\n ],\n [\n -74.9212646484375,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -74.7125244140625,\n 40.157885249506506\n ],\n [\n -74.8388671875,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -75.0860595703125,\n 39.985538414809746\n ],\n [\n -75.1409912109375,\n 39.90130858574735\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 39.7958755252971\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 39.6606850221923\n ],\n [\n -75.5145263671875,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -75.1849365234375,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -74.8223876953125,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -73.5260009765625,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -72.8118896484375,\n 39.20671884491848\n ],\n [\n -72.6800537109375,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -72.92724609375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.3758437769601\n ],\n [\n -73.66333007812499,\n 40.47620304302563\n ],\n [\n -74.05334472656249,\n 40.613952441166596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bbe4b0b28f1183bbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Olaf P.","contributorId":92159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rediske, Richard R.","contributorId":79053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rediske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Keefe, James P.","contributorId":99499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Keefe","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vastano, Anthony R.","contributorId":152434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vastano","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70177911,"text":"70177911 - 2016 - Volatile-organic molecular characterization of shale-oil produced water from the Permian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:07:08","indexId":"70177911","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-21T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile-organic molecular characterization of shale-oil produced water from the Permian Basin","docAbstract":"Growth in unconventional oil and gas has spurred concerns on environmental impact and interest in beneficial uses of produced water (PW), especially in arid regions such as the Permian Basin, the largest U.S. tight-oil producer. To evaluate environmental impact, treatment, and reuse potential, there is a need to characterize the compositional variability of PW. Although hydraulic fracturing has caused a significant increase in shale-oil production, there are no high-resolution organic composition data for the shale-oil PW from the Permian Basin or other shale-oil plays (Eagle Ford, Bakken, etc.). PW was collected from shale-oil wells in the Midland sub-basin of the Permian Basin. Molecular characterization was conducted using high-resolution solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Approximately 1400 compounds were identified, and 327 compounds had a >70% library match. PW contained alkane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), alkyl benzenes, propyl-benzene, and naphthalene. PW also contained heteroatomic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. 3D van Krevelen and double bond equivalence versus carbon number analyses were used to evaluate molecular variability. Source composition, as well as solubility, controlled the distribution of volatile compounds found in shale-oil PW. The salinity also increased with depth, ranging from 105 to 162 g/L total dissolved solids. These data fill a gap for shale-oil PW composition, the associated petroleomics plots provide a fingerprinting framework, and the results for the Permian shale-oil PW suggest that partial treatment of suspended solids and organics would support some beneficial uses such as onsite reuse and bio-energy production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.116","usgsCitation":"Khan, N.A., Engle, M.A., Dungan, B., Holguin, F.O., Xu, P., and Carroll, K., 2016, Volatile-organic molecular characterization of shale-oil produced water from the Permian Basin: Chemosphere, v. 148, p. 126-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.116.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068901","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.16113281249999,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -101.2060546875,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -101.2060546875,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -105.16113281249999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -105.16113281249999,\n 31.541089879585808\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f4e4b0f497e79a5a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khan, Naima A.","contributorId":176304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Naima","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dungan, Barry","contributorId":176305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dungan","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holguin, F. Omar","contributorId":176306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holguin","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Omar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, Pei","contributorId":176302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Pei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carroll, Kenneth C.","contributorId":176303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Kenneth C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160739,"text":"sim3350 - 2016 - Fish assemblage composition and mapped mesohabitat features over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011-12, summer 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T13:43:58","indexId":"sim3350","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3350","title":"Fish assemblage composition and mapped mesohabitat features over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011-12, summer 2012","docAbstract":"This report documents differences in the mapped spatial extents and physical characteristics of in-channel fish habitat evaluated at the mesohabitat scale during winter 2011–12 (moderate streamflow) and summer 2012 (low streamflow) at 15 sites on the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico starting about 3 kilometers downstream from Cochiti Dam and ending about 40 kilometers upstream from Elephant Butte Reservoir. The results of mesohabitat mapping, physical characterization, and fish assemblage surveys are summarized from the data that were collected. The report also presents general comparisons of physical mesohabitat data, such as wetted area and substrate type, and biological mesohabitat data, which included fish assemblage composition, species richness, Rio Grande silvery minnow relative abundance, and Rio Grande silvery minnow catch per unit effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3350","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Pearson, D.K., Braun, C.L., and Moring, J.B., 2015, Fish assemblage composition and mapped mesohabitat features over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011–12, summer 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3350, 7 sheets, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3350.","productDescription":"7 Sheets","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056794","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314542,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"2.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314543,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314544,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"2.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314545,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","size":"4.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314546,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314547,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","size":"2.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"},{"id":314548,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3350/pdf/sim3350_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","size":"1.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3350"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 33.61461929233378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754-4501
http://tx.usgs.gov/
Phytoplankton is an important and limiting food source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) and San Francisco Bay; the decline of phytoplankton biomass is one possible factor in the pelagic organism decline and specifically in the decline of the protected delta smelt. The bivalves Corbicula fluminea andPotamocorbula amurensis have been shown to control phytoplankton biomass in several locations throughout the system, and their distribution and population dynamics are therefore of great interest. We were able to describe the distribution and dynamics of bivalve biomass through use of samples collected by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as part of a monitoring program from 1977 to 2013. As one element of DWR’s and the Bureau of Reclamation’s Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP), the DWR benthic monitoring program examines the impact of water project operations on the estuary as prescribed by a series of Water Rights Decisions mandated by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The availability of multidecade samples allowed us to examine long-term trends in biomass, recruitment, and size of bivalves at the 15 stations sampled.
\nBiomass and grazing rate had the same basic trends, and the conclusions that we apply to biomass can be applied to grazing rate data. During winter of most years, Potamocorbula biomass was low at all locations and was near zero in the shallow San Pablo Bay station. The Potamocorbula biomass at shallow stations consistently peaked during summer and fall, but there was no consistent peak season in the deep stations. Corbicula had a much less consistent seasonal biomass pattern than Potamocorbula. However, some interannual patterns were consistent between stations. Corbicula biomass at three stations declined after 2003 (C9, D16, and D28). The Franks Tract (D19) Corbicula biomass had a baseline shift up (that is, all values were > 0) in 1985 until DWR ceased sampling at the station in 1995. Two other stations showed a similar increase in baseline but at different times; D24 shifted up after 2007 and D11 shifted up in 1991.
\nPotamocorbula recruitment (any bivalve ≤ 2.5 millimeters [mm] in length) occurred anytime between spring and fall, with bivalves at the most downstream stations in San Pablo Bay recruiting in spring and animals at the most upstream stations recruiting in fall. The bivalves at the stations between these endpoints recruited in (1) spring or (2) summer and fall (Carquinez Strait), or in some combination of two of those three seasons in Grizzly Bay. The few locations where Potamocorbula and Corbicula overlapped showed recruitment abundance opposing each other, with Potamocorbula recruits peaking during the more saline time of year and Corbicula recruits peaking during periods of lower salinities. Corbicula recruits were present throughout most of the year with some peaks in abundance, but the patterns were not seasonally consistent at any station.
\nMean size peaked in both bivalves in late summer and early fall and never got above a certain size; maximum size depended on location. The mean size of both bivalves has decreased over the years, with the size distributions throughout the Delta now skewed toward smaller, younger Corbicula (< 10 mm). The mean size of Potamocorbula has also become skewed toward the small, younger bivalves, with sizes in the range of 2–8 mm. The mean size ofPotamocorbula increased from spring to fall and decreased in winter. A similar generalization is not possible with Corbicula because seasonal patterns in size varied depending on station location. Station D24 on the Sacramento River was the only location with an increase in Corbicula mean size over the sampling period.
\nThe largest mean sized Potamocorbula were seen in the channel areas, where sizes of 15 mm were common at stations D41C, 8.1, and D6; sizes in excess of 15 mm were observed at all three D4 stations during the mid 1990s. The mean size of Potamocorbula in the shoals was ≈5–7 mm in most years in Grizzly Bay (D7) and San Pablo Bay (D41A), with an increase to > 10 mm at D7 in the wet years.
\nThe largest mean sized Corbicula were in the southern Delta (C9 ≈25 mm during 1996–97 and 2012–2013), and the smallest average sizes were in the San Joaquin River (P8 and D16). Corbicula at the upstream Sacramento River station (D24) and in the southern Delta (C9) showed similar interannual patterns in average size although the animals at C9 were consistently larger than those at D24 were. Corbicula in Franks Tract (D19) and the Old River (D28A) south of Franks Tract were also similar in size and in interannual patterns.
\nAt the few stations where Potamocorbula and Corbicula co-occur, it appears that they did not hinder each other’s growth. Both bivalves had large animals at D4, where Corbicula size increased coincident with the presence of Potamocorbula in 1987. Corbicula were observed in wet years prior to Potamocorbula’sinvasion at D7 (Grizzly Bay) and were capable of growing to significant size in wet years (> 20 mm in 1986).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Crauder, J.S., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Anduaga, R.I., Pearson, S.A., Gehrts, K., Fuller, H., and Wells, E., 2016, Bivalve effects on the food web supporting delta smelt—A long-term study of bivalve recruitment, biomass, and grazing rate patterns with varying freshwater outflow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1005, 216 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161005.","productDescription":"xi, 216 p.","numberOfPages":"227","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070546","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1005/ofr20161005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","description":"OFR 2016-1005 PDF"},{"id":314275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.148597559924355\n ],\n [\n -121.30279541015624,\n 38.148597559924355\n ],\n [\n -121.30279541015624,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.81737834565083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff, National Research Program
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This report is intended to synthesize the state of the scientific understanding of pallid sturgeon ecological requirements to provide recommendations for future science directions and context for Missouri River restoration and management decisions. Recruitment of pallid sturgeon has been low to non-existent throughout its range. Emerging understanding of the genetic structure of pallid sturgeon populations sets a broad framework for species and river management decisions, including decisions about managing the future genetic diversity of the species, but also decisions about where and what type of river restoration actions will be effective for subpopulations of this highly migratory species. Adult pallid sturgeon may migrate hundreds of kilometers (km) to spawn and their progeny may disperse even greater distances downstream as drifting free embryos. As a result of their complex life history pallid sturgeon naturally exploit a wide range of habitats during their life cycles. The construction of dams and reservoirs has fragmented habitats and may have shifted Missouri River subpopulations downstream. Research has not identified one primary biological or ecological constraint that appears to limit populations of the pallid sturgeon. With the present (2013) state of knowledge many life stages and life-stage transitions cannot be ruled out as contributing to recruitment failure.
\nBiological opinions in 2000 (and amended in 2003) presented the dominant hypotheses for recruitment failure that existed at that time. Emphasis was on the role of the flow regime, specifically spring flow pulses (“spring rises”), to condition spawning substrate and cue reproductive aggregations and migrations, and on low flows and additional slow, shallow-water area to serve as rearing habitat for age-0 to juvenile pallid sturgeon. Studies on spawning habitat dynamics have documented that habitat patches selected for spawning by fish in the Lower Missouri River (Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam to the confluence with the Mississippi River) are dominantly on outside, revetted bends in the deepest, fastest, and most turbulent water. Studies in more natural habitat on the Yellowstone River have documented spawning in convergent flow in the middle of the channel on discrete patches of gravel within a sand-dominated channel, an arrangement that may be more effective in attracting aggregations of reproductive fish compared to the nearly continuous revetment on the Lower Missouri River. Pallid sturgeon spawn in the spring and early summer during periods of increasing day length. Water temperature consistently exerts a threshold effect for spawning at 16–18 °C. In addition, the role of water temperature is indicated by pauses and reversals in upstream migrations that have been associated with cold weather fronts that create a transient decrease in water temperature. From 2005 to 2012 on the Lower Missouri River, no obvious relations between flow pulses and fish movements and spawning behaviors have been apparent. However, pallid sturgeon tracking at the Upper Missouri–Yellowstone confluence indicates that in most years, most telemetered pallid sturgeon migrate out of the Missouri River and into the Yellowstone River in the June–July timeframe in association with the spring pulse. This pattern was disrupted in 2011 when a high flow pulse with warm temperatures and high turbidity emanated from the Milk River, followed by record releases from Fort Peck Dam, and 36–39 percent of the telemetered population migrated up the Upper Missouri. This result supports the hypothesis that sufficiently large flow pulses may trigger migration and aggregation but it is not clear that functional pulses are within reservoir management authorities. Notably, a pallid sturgeon free embryo was captured on the Upper Missouri River in 2011 and another single, genetically confirmed embryo was captured on the Yellowstone River in 2012.
\nResearch on free-embryo drift has indicated the potential for hundreds of miles of downstream dispersal. Lack of distance to accommodate the extended downstream dispersal period of free embryos on the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers is the predominant hypothesis for recruitment failure in the upper basin. Long drift distances in the Lower Missouri River may be responsible for shifting Lower Missouri River sub-populations further into the Middle Mississippi River. Physical understanding of drift processes indicates that mean velocities could be slowed through decreased discharges or increased channel hydraulic radius (width and topographic diversity) to reduce free-embryo dispersal distances. In addition, the probability that free embryos are transported into and retained in channel-margin habitats is theoretically amenable to channel re-engineering that would increase cross-channel secondary currents in bends or channel expansions. Considerable uncertainty persists, however, about whether extended drift of Lower Missouri River larvae is responsible for recruitment failure. If drift distance is limiting, it is important to discern whether it would be advisable to retain larvae within the Missouri River, and where along the river restoration projects should be placed to optimize survival and growth of age-0 and juvenile sturgeon.
\nLongitudinal differences in female pallid sturgeon fecundity lend support to the hypothesis that recruitment failure may be due, in part, to fish having insufficient nutrition to produce the numbers of gametes needed for the population to grow, perhaps because of simultaneous declines in prey-fish populations and their habitats. Establishing a chain of causality from habitat decline, to prey-fish populations, to sturgeon diets, to sturgeon fecundity, and to pallid sturgeon population growth presents a considerable scientific challenge.
\nIn addition to the dominant hypotheses relating pallid sturgeon populations to changes in flow regime and channel morphology, other factors have been identified that might be sources of stress and contribute to recruitment failure. Among these are water quality and contaminants. Ambient water-quality monitoring on the Missouri River has demonstrated summer episodes when dissolved oxygen dips below 5 milligrams per liter, a threshold that may be stressful especially to age-0 and juvenile sturgeon. Documented cases of intersex in shovelnose and pallid sturgeon indicate that agricultural and municipal sources of endocrine disrupting chemicals also may have a role in pallid sturgeon recruitment failure.
\nScientific understanding of the ecological requirements of pallid sturgeon has increased almost exponentially in the last two decades, and efforts are now turning from understanding fundamental biology of the species to quantifying how population dynamics relate to potential management actions. Progress in developing the science needed to inform management actions on the Missouri River may benefit from continuation of monitoring of reproductive cycles, reproductive movements, growth, and survival of telemetry tagged adults, increased emphasis on focused, complementary field and laboratory studies of factors influencing early life history, implementation of studies to resolve the role of food limitations in growth, survival, and reproductive condition, and implementation of studies designed specifically to parameterize models linking management to populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery—Integrated Science Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., Chojnacki, K.A., Jacobson, R.B., Albers, J.L., Braaten, P.J., Bulliner, E.A., Elliott, C.M., Erwin, S.O., Fuller, D.B., Haas, J.D., Ladd, H.L.A., Mestl, G.E., Papoulias, D.M., and Wildhaber, M.L., 2016, Ecological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—A synthesis of science, 2005 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5145, 224 p. with appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155145.","productDescription":"xiv, 224 p.","numberOfPages":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051552","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research 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4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Allegheny County Health Department and Allegheny County Sanitary Authority, collected surface-water samples from the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries during the period 2001–09 to assess the occurrence and trends in the concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria during both wet- and dry-weather conditions.
\nA total of 1,742 water samples were collected at 52 main-stem and tributary sites. Quantifiable concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were reported in 1,667 samples, or 97.0 percent of 1,719 samples; concentrations in 853 samples (49.6 percent) exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recreational water-quality criterion of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters (col/100 mL). Quantifiable concentrations of fecal coliform (FC) bacteria were reported in 1,693 samples, or 98.8 percent of 1,713 samples; concentrations in 780 samples (45.5 percent) exceeded the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania water contact criterion of 400 col/100 mL. Quantifiable concentrations of enterococci bacteria were reported in 912 samples, or 87.5 percent of 1,042 samples; concentrations in 483 samples (46.4 percent) exceeded the EPA recreational water-quality criterion of 61 col/100 mL. The median percentage of samples in which bacteria concentrations exceeded recreational water-quality standards across all sites with five or more samples was 48 for E. coli, 43 for FC, and 75 for enterococci. E. coli, FC, and enterococci concentrations at main-stem sites had significant positive correlations with streamflow under all weather conditions, with rho values ranging from 0.203 to 0.598. Seasonal Kendall and logistic regression were evaluated to determine whether statistically significant trends were present during the period 2001–09. In general, Seasonal Kendall tests for trends in E. coli and FC bacteria were inconclusive. Results of logistic regression showed no significant trends in dry-weather exceedance of the standards; however, significant decreases in the likelihood that wet-weather E. coli and FC bacteria concentrations will exceed EPA recreational standards were found at the USGS streamgaging station Allegheny River at 9th Street Bridge. Nonparametric correlation analysis, including Spearman’s rho and the paired Prentice-Wilcoxon test, was used to screen for associations among fecal indicator bacteria concentrations and the field characteristics streamflow, water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and turbidity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority and Allegheny County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J.W., Koerkle, E.H., McCoy, J.L., and Zarr, L.F., 2016, Occurrence and trends in the concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria and the relation to field water-quality parameters in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001–09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5136, 47 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155136.","productDescription":"ix, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-006521","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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Modeling streamflow is an important approach for understanding landscape-scale drivers of flow and estimating flows where there are no streamgage records. In this study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Colorado State University, the objectives were to model streamflow metrics on small, ungaged streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin and identify streams that are potentially threatened with becoming intermittent under drier climate conditions. The Upper Colorado River Basin is a region that is critical for water resources and also projected to experience large future climate shifts toward a drying climate. A random forest modeling approach was used to model the relationship between streamflow metrics and environmental variables. Flow metrics were then projected to ungaged reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin using environmental variables for each stream, represented as raster cells, in the basin. Last, the projected random forest models of minimum flow coefficient of variation and specific mean daily flow were used to highlight streams that had greater than 61.84 percent minimum flow coefficient of variation and less than 0.096 specific mean daily flow and suggested that these streams will be most threatened to shift to intermittent flow regimes under drier climate conditions. Map projection products can help scientists, land managers, and policymakers understand current hydrology in the Upper Colorado River Basin and make informed decisions regarding water resources. With knowledge of which streams are likely to undergo significant drying in the future, managers and scientists can plan for stream-dependent ecosystems and human water users.
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https://www.fort.usgs.gov/
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of check dam infrastructure on soil and water conservation at the catchment scale using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This paired watershed study includes a watershed treated with over 2000 check dams and a Control watershed which has none, in the West Turkey Creek watershed, Southeast Arizona, USA. SWAT was calibrated for streamflow using discharge documented during the summer of 2013 at the Control site. Model results depict the necessity to eliminate lateral flow from SWAT models of aridland environments, the urgency to standardize geospatial soils data, and the care for which modelers must document altering parameters when presenting findings. Performance was assessed using the percent bias (PBIAS), with values of ±2.34%. The calibrated model was then used to examine the impacts of check dams at the Treated watershed. Approximately 630 tons of sediment is estimated to be stored behind check dams in the Treated watershed over the 3-year simulation, increasing water quality for fish habitat. A minimum precipitation event of 15 mm was necessary to instigate the detachment of soil, sediments, or rock from the study area, which occurred 2% of the time. The resulting watershed model is useful as a predictive framework and decision-support tool to consider long-term impacts of restoration and potential for future restoration.
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