In spite of extensive research, the causal structure of the 1886 magnitude 7 earthquake near Charleston, South Carolina, has not been identified. In this study I analyzed digital surface topography and river morphology in light of earlier studies using seismic reflection, seismic refraction, earthquake seismology, and gravity and magnetic surveys. This analysis revealed an area approximately 400 km2 northwest of Charleston that may have been repeatedly uplifted by earthquakes. Geologic and seismic reflection data confirm alteration of formations at depth. Deformation of the surface is supported by observations on aerial and LANDSAT photographs. Therefore, the structure on which the 1886 earthquake occurred may be within the uplifted area defined in this report.
Kilauea Iki lava lake, formed in 1959, is a large pond of picritic basalt (average MgO content = 15.34% by weight), which has cooled and crystallized as a small, self-roofed magma chamber. Repeated drilling of the upper crust of the lake, down to its molten core, and more recent (1981) drilling, through the thermal maximum and part way through the lower crust, have made it possible to monitor the differentiation processes in the lake in detail.
Differentiation processes recognized as active in the lake include rather inefficient settling of the larger (2-10 mm) olivine phenocrysts, formation of segregation veins, and formation of diapir-like vertical olivine-rich bodies, all processes which occur in one or more of the other Kilauean lava lakes as well. In addition, most of the central part of Kilauea Iki has been affected by diapiric melt transfer. In this process, relatively low-density liquid, present at 1145-1160 °C, rose from within the loose crystal mush at the base of the lens of melt and intruded the equivalent thermal horizon at the top of the lens of melt, passing through the hotter but denser melt in the core of the lake without mixing. The source volume from which the low-density liquid was extracted is depleted in TiO2 and other incompatible elements and enriched in FeO and CaO. The upper part of the lake shows the opposite effects. The crystalline assemblage present was olivine + augite + minor plagioclase. The crystallinity of both the source and receiving layers was low enough that no obvious textural imprint was left by the transfer process; the principal evidence for its occurrence is the chemical zonation of the lake seen in core from depths of 13 to 80 m.
Diapiric melt transfer was active from 1960 to 1971 and has affected most of the central part of the lake from 13 m to at least 80 m. The process ran simultaneously with the other three main differentia tion processes but started and stopped independently of the others. Calculations suggest that between 21 and 42 wt % liquid has been extracted from the depleted zone at 56-78 m in the center of the lake, making this a very efficient process of chemical differentiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0578:DTOMIK>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., Kirschenbaum, H., and Marinenko, J., 1989, Diapiric transfer of melt in Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: A quick, efficient process of igneous differentiation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 4, p. 578-594, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0578:DTOMIK>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.43470359416597,\n 19.49550358984382\n ],\n [\n -155.43470359416597,\n 19.308980297966755\n ],\n [\n -155.08314109416602,\n 19.308980297966755\n ],\n [\n -155.08314109416602,\n 19.49550358984382\n ],\n [\n -155.43470359416597,\n 19.49550358984382\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a9e4b0c8380cd4f84a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschenbaum, H.","contributorId":33063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschenbaum","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marinenko, J.W.","contributorId":75558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014587,"text":"1014587 - 1989 - Effects of aqueous amino acid solutions on the feed intake of juvenile Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014587","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3330,"text":"Salmonid","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of aqueous amino acid solutions on the feed intake of juvenile Atlantic salmon","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"90-034/TL","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1989, Effects of aqueous amino acid solutions on the feed intake of juvenile Atlantic salmon: Salmonid, v. 13, p. 13-14.","productDescription":"p. 13-14","startPage":"13","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015547,"text":"70015547 - 1989 - Rocky Mountain Tertiary coal-basin models and their applicability to some world basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T01:00:25.767513","indexId":"70015547","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocky Mountain Tertiary coal-basin models and their applicability to some world basins","docAbstract":"Tertiary intermontane basins in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States contain large amounts of coal resources. The first major type of Tertiary coal basin is closed and lake-dominated, either mud-rich (e.g., North Park Basin, Colorado) or mud plus carbonate (e.g., Medicine Lodge Basin, Montana), which are both infilled by deltas. The second major type of Tertiary coal basin is open and characterized by a preponderance of sediments that were deposited by flow-through fluvial systems (e.g., Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, and Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana).
The setting for the formation of these coals varies with the type of basin sedimentation, paleotectonism, and paleoclimate. The mud-rich lake-dominated closed basin (transpressional paleotectonism and warm, humid paleoclimate), where infilled by sandy “Gilbert-type” deltas, contains thick coals (low ash and low sulfur) formed in swamps of the prograding fluvial systems. The mud- and carbonate-rich lake-dominated closed basin is infilled by carbonate precipitates plus coarse-grained fan deltas and fine-grained deltas. Here, thin coals (high ash and high sulfur) formed in swamps of the fine-grained deltas. The coarse-clastic, open basins (compressional paleotectonism and warm, paratropical paleoclimate) associated with flow-through fluvial systems contain moderately to anomalously thick coals (high to low ash and low sulfur) formed in swamps developed in intermittently abandoned portions of the fluvial systems.
These coal development patterns from the Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, although occurring in completely different paleotectonic settings, are similar to that found in the Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Permian intermontane coal basins in China, New Zealand, and India.
The ability of Alteromonas putrefaciens to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of various electron donors to dissimilatory Fe(III) or Mn(IV) reduction was investigated. A. putrefaciens grew with hydrogen, formate, lactate, or pyruvate as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Lactate and pyruvate were oxidized to acetate, which was not metabolized further. With Fe(III) as the electron acceptor, A. putrefaciens had a high affinity for hydrogen and formate and metabolized hydrogen at partial pressures that were 25-fold lower than those of hydrogen that can be metabolized by pure cultures of sulfate reducers or methanogens. The electron donors for Fe(III) reduction also supported Mn(IV) reduction. The electron donors for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction and the inability of A. putrefaciens to completely oxidize multicarbon substrates to carbon dioxide distinguish A. putrefaciens from GS-15, the only other organism that is known to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). The ability of A. putrefaciens to reduce large quantities of Fe(III) and to grow in a defined medium distinguishes it from a Pseudomonas sp., which is the only other known hydrogen-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing microorganism. Furthermore, A. putrefaciens is the first organism that is known to grow with hydrogen as the electron donor and Mn(IV) as the electron acceptor and is the first organism that is known to couple the oxidation of formate to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). Thus, A. putrefaciens provides a much needed microbial model for key reactions in the oxidation of sediment organic matter coupled to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.55.3.700-706.1989","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., Phillips, E.J., and Lonergan, D., 1989, Hydrogen and formate oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese by Alteromonas putrefaciens: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 700-706, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.3.700-706.1989.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"706","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.3.700-706.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3343e4b0c8380cd5ee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lonergan, D.J.","contributorId":86110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonergan","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016443,"text":"70016443 - 1989 - Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T12:06:42","indexId":"70016443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1020,"text":"Biological Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/bms.1200180928","issn":"08876134","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Pereira, W.E., and Leiker, T., 1989, Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry: Biological Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, no. 9, p. 820-827, https://doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180928.","startPage":"820","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268129,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180928"},{"id":223024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffaae4b0c8380cd4f305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015812,"text":"70015812 - 1989 - Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:28:44.805145","indexId":"70015812","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction","docAbstract":"Long-range side scan (GLORIA) sonographs and seismic reflection data acquired during a survey of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in 1984, coupled with information from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites, provide new insights into the growth and evolution of the Delgada Fan. Construction of the fan commenced in the latest Miocene (∼6 Ma) following the filling of the Neogene Point Arena Basin. The fan presently covers more than 50×103 km2 of the Pacific plate and contains approximately 15×103 km3 of predominantly terrigenous detritus. The large size of the fan is incompatible with the small present-day supply of sediment to the canyon system. The GLORIA data show the Delgada Fan to be a hybrid-type fan, exhibiting characteristics of both elongate and radial fans. The morphology and volume of the fan, along with evidence for a decline in accumulation rates on the lower fan during the Quaternary period, suggest that the fan experienced an early growth phase (latest Miocene and Pliocene) characterized by relatively rapid progradation of elongate fan lobes followed by a period (Quaternary) of slower growth that has featured a shift of depocenters to sites closer to the canyons and a transition to distributary channels bordered by less prominent levees and overbank deposits. We examine the growth of Delgada Fan in relation to the Neogene evolution of the North American-Pacific plate boundary using a series of paleogeographic reconstructions based on recently published time displacement histories of the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ), the San Andreas fault (SAF), and the Pacific plate, upon which the fan rests. The time displacement curves for the SAF and the MTJ suggest that the MTJ and Mendocino Fracture Zone overtook and passed Point Arena Basin at about 10 Ma when the basin lay immediately southwest of the present San Francisco Bay area. We suggest that the MTJ joined the SAF at approximately that time and location, thus making the SAF the master fault in the transform system. This interpretation is compatible with evidence from seismic reflection profiles over the fan, which demonstrate that the fan and the canyon system and therefore Point Arena Basin have moved as a unit since the inception of fan growth (∼6–7 Ma). Point Arena Basin lay southwest of the San Francisco area at 10–12 Ma, and the passage of the MTJ caused the disruption of the forearc shelf and slope and the development of local uplifted and subsiding blocks. In particular, uplift of the “bay block” immediately east of the SAF may have provided the source area for the late Miocene sediments that filled Point Arena Basin and set the stage for the growth of Delgada Canyon and Fan system. The growth rate of the fan has decreased, and the style of deposition has changed as the system was tectonically transported to its present location adjacent to the small youthful drainages of the King Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB03p03139","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Cacchione, D., Gardner, J., McCulloch, D.S., and Masson, D., 1989, Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B3, p. 3139-3158, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB03p03139.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3139","endPage":"3158","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e4de4b0c8380cd70947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masson, D.","contributorId":59564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015992,"text":"70015992 - 1989 - Pillow basalts of the Angayucham terrane: Oceanic plateau and island crust accreted to the Brooks Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T16:38:13.299479","indexId":"70015992","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pillow basalts of the Angayucham terrane: Oceanic plateau and island crust accreted to the Brooks Range","docAbstract":"The Angayucham Mountains (north margin of the Yukon-Koyukuk province) are made up of an imbricate stack of four to eight east-west trending, steeply dipping, fault slabs composed of Paleozoic (Devonian to Mississippean), Middle to Late Triassic, and Early Jurassic oceanic upper crustal rocks (pillow basalt, subordinate diabase, basaltic tuff, and radiolarian chert). Field relations and geochemical characteristics of the basaltic rocks suggest that the fault slabs were derived from an oceanic plateau or island setting and were emplaced onto the Brooks Range continental margin. The basalts are variably metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite and low-greenschist facies. Major element analyses suggest that many are hypersthene-normative olivine tholeiites. Classification based on immobile trace elements confirms the tholeiitic character of most of the basalts but suggests that some had primary compositions transitional to alkali basalt. Although field and petrographic features of the basalts are similar, trace element characteristics allow definition of geographically distinct suites. A central outcrop belt along the crest of the mountains is made up of basalt with relatively flat rare earth element (REE) patterns. This belt is flanked to the north and south by LREE (light rare earth element)-enriched basalts. Radiolarian and conodont ages from interpillow and interlayered chert and limestone indicate that the central belt of basalts is Triassic in age, the southern belt is Jurassic in age, and the northern belt contains a mixture of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages. Data for most of the basalts cluster in the “within-plate basalt” fields of trace element discriminant diagrams; none have trace-element characteristics of island arc basalt. The Triassic and Jurassic basalts are geochemically most akin to modern oceanic plateau and island basalts. Field evidence also favors an oceanic plateau or island setting. The great composite thickness of pillow basalt probably resulted from obduction faulting, but the lack of fault slabs of gabbro or peridotite suggests that obduction faults did not penetrate below oceanic layer 2, a likely occurrence if layer 2 were anomalously thick, as in the vicinity of an oceanic island. The presence of basaltic tuff interbeds indicates proximity to an explosive basaltic eruptive center. The juxtaposition of submarine basalts of differing chemical affinity and age, adjacent to higher-grade Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of the Brooks Range to the north, may be explained by obduction of internally complex (thickened) oceanic crust formed in an ocean plateau setting. Emplacement and rotation of thrust plates to steep attitudes occurred during accretion of the Brooks Range passive margin, probably beginning in the Late to Middle Jurassic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB11p15901","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Budahn, J., and Murchey, B., 1989, Pillow basalts of the Angayucham terrane: Oceanic plateau and island crust accreted to the Brooks Range: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B11, p. 15901-15923, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB11p15901.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"15901","endPage":"15923","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b5ee4b0c8380cd793e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchey, B.L.","contributorId":93074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003538,"text":"1003538 - 1989 - Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:59:36","indexId":"1003538","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3800,"text":"Xenobiotica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish","docAbstract":"Interspecies variability in the metabolism of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated by exposing rainbow trout, fathead minnows, sheepshead minnow, firemouth, and goldfish to water-borne super(14)C-PCP for 64 h. The amounts of metabolites in bile and exposure water were species-dependent; all of the metabolites excreted into the water were sulphate conjugates while bile was enriched in glucuronide conjugates. Biliary excretion accounted for less than 30% of the total PCP metabolites. Biliary metabolites alone were a poor indication of the metabolites produced and of the major routes of elimination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Xenobiotica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Environ. Res. Lab., NOAA","doi":"10.3109/00498258909034678","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G., and Hayton, W.L., 1989, Metabolism of pentachlorophenol by fish: Xenobiotica, v. 19, no. 1, p. 75-81, https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258909034678.","productDescription":"pp. 75-81","startPage":"75","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498258909034678"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayton, W. L.","contributorId":100325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000101,"text":"7000101 - 1989 - Tree rings : timekeepers of the past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"7000101","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Tree rings : timekeepers of the past","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000101","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., and McGowan, J., 1989, Tree rings : timekeepers of the past: General Interest Publication, 15 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000101.","productDescription":"15 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGowan, J.","contributorId":24734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181876,"text":"70181876 - 1989 - Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T16:56:36","indexId":"70181876","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images","docAbstract":"Demonstrating long-term habitat use of marine habitats by seabirds is often complicated by short-term changes in habitat locations, persistence, and age. This paper describes iterative techniques for characterizing non-static habitats, such as meso-scale (10-100 km) ocean eddies and fronts, using time-series of satellite images that define sea surface conditions. Seabird use of satellite-detected habitats was compared using survey data and imagery from the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern United States. Time-series examination of satellite images combined with long-term seabird censuses allow 1) estimation of the successional state (age) of some marine habitats, 2) detection of recurring habitats, 3) geographically-referenced measurement of habitat location and areal extent, 4) identification of consistently-used habitats, and 5) demonstration of time-dependent use by seabirds associated with seasonal or annual variation in habitat availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521315","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., 1989, Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 12, no. 1, p. 78-89, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521315.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4254ae4b0c825128ad4d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184283,"text":"70184283 - 1989 - Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T16:28:49","indexId":"70184283","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"Adult greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) wintering in southern Oregon and California increased or maintained body weight in autumn, lost weight from autumn through winter, and rapidly increased in weight before spring migration in late April. We documented significant annual differences in body weights for both sexes. We related seasonal changes in body weight to changes in lipid levels, which were lowest (12-13% of wet wt in M and F) in mid-March and highest in late April (24% in F). Greater white-fronted geese maintained lipid levels during winter similar to those reported for large subspecies of Canada geese (Branta canadensis), and greater than those reported for small subspecies of Canada geese and other small species of geese. Protein content of carcasses varied significantly in females; i.e., lowest in early October and highest in late October and late April. Differences among species in patterns of weight change and body composition during winter seem to be related to social organization, body size, food type, and foraging behavior. Females left spring staging areas weighing relatively less than most other species of geese and may have benefited from foraging opportunities on the nesting grounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801310","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., and Raveling, D.G., 1989, Body composition and weight dynamics of wintering greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 80-87, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801310.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin, Sacremento-San Joaquin Delta, Sacremento Valley","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8341e4b014cc3a3a9a31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raveling, Dennis G.","contributorId":89443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raveling","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015447,"text":"70015447 - 1989 - Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of Martian surface materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T17:01:30.31105","indexId":"70015447","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of Martian surface materials","docAbstract":"Important problems that confront future scientific exploration of Mars include the physical properties of Martian surface materials and the geologic processes that formed the materials. The design of landing spacecraft, roving vehicles, and sampling devices and the selection of landing sites, vehicle traverses, and sample sites will be, in part, guided by the physical properties of the materials. Four materials occur in the sample fields of the Viking landers: (1) drift, (2) crusty to cloddy, (3) blocky, and (4) rock. The first three are soillike. Drift materials is weak, loose, and porous. We estimate that it has a dielectric constant near 2.4 and a thermal inertia near
Primary productivity in the water column was measured 14 times between April 1985 and April 1986 at three sites in Tomales Bay, California, USA The conditions at these three stations encompassed the range of hydrographic conditions, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton community composition, and turbidity typical of this coastal embayment. Linear regression of the measured daily carbon uptake against the composite parameter B Zp Io (where B is the average phytoplankton biomass in the photic zone; Zp is the photic depth; and Io is the daily surface insolation) indicates that 90% of the variability in primary productivity is explained by variations in phytoplankton biomass and light availability. The linear function derived using Tomales Bay data is essentially the same as that which explains more than 80% of the variation in productivity in four other estuarine systems. Using the linear function and measured values for B, Zp, and Io, the daily photic-zone productivity was estimated for 10 sites at monthly intervals over the annual period. The average daily photic-zone productivity for the 10 sites ranged from 0·2 to 2·2 g C m−2. The bay-wide average annual primary productivity in the water column was 400 g C m−2, with most of the uptake occuring in spring and early summer. Spatial and temporal variations in primary productivity were similar to variations in phytoplankton biomass. Productivity was highest in the seaward and central regions of the bay and lowest in the shallow landward region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., 1989, Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton production in Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A.: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 28, no. 1, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(89)90045-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tomales Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.81795834500238,\n 38.064691049842935\n ],\n [\n -122.8186964817126,\n 38.07398879812351\n ],\n [\n -122.82386343868507,\n 38.07960561502537\n ],\n [\n -122.82238716526439,\n 38.091806178957114\n 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mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T16:11:02.489717","indexId":"1003614","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fusarium mycotoxins from peanuts suspected as a cause of sandhill crane mortality","docAbstract":"An estimated 9,500 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) died in Gaines County, Texas and Roosevelt County, New Mexico between 1982 and 1987. The predominant clinical sign observed in sick cranes was their inability to hold their heads erect, both while standing and flying. Multiple muscle hemorrhages and submandibular edema were the most common lesions seen at necropsy. Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium sp. growing during cold, wet weather on peanuts left in the field after harvest, the predominant foods of the dead cranes at the time of these mortality events, were identified as the most likely cause of this mortality. Rendering moldy peanuts inaccessible to the cranes by conventional tillage resulted in reduced crane mortality in these areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.38","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., Cole, R.J., Nelson, P.E., Roffe, T.J., George, R.R., and Dorner, J.W., 1989, Fusarium mycotoxins from peanuts suspected as a cause of sandhill crane mortality: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 25, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.38.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.38","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","county":"Roosevelt County, Gaines County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.2264260047274,\n 32.85602539363107\n ],\n [\n -102.32107907902653,\n 32.85602539363107\n ],\n [\n -102.32107907902653,\n 32.77549522422136\n ],\n [\n -102.2264260047274,\n 32.77549522422136\n ],\n [\n -102.2264260047274,\n 32.85602539363107\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.19600364515465,\n 34.0955734677848\n ],\n [\n -103.19600364515465,\n 34.053344720404496\n ],\n [\n -103.1544132236675,\n 34.053344720404496\n ],\n [\n -103.1544132236675,\n 34.0955734677848\n ],\n [\n -103.19600364515465,\n 34.0955734677848\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, Ronald M.","contributorId":46046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Richard J.","contributorId":71046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Paul E.","contributorId":86621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roffe, Thomas J.","contributorId":56596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George, Ronnie R.","contributorId":90218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Ronnie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorner, Joe W.","contributorId":90973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorner","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70015533,"text":"70015533 - 1989 - Marine origin of pyritic sulfur in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed, Castleman coal field, Maryland (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T01:01:37.968351","indexId":"70015533","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine origin of pyritic sulfur in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed, Castleman coal field, Maryland (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"The amount, kind, distribution, and genesis of pyrite in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed in a 150 × 15 m area of the Bettinger mine, Castleman coal field, Maryland, were studied by various analytical techniques. The mined coal, which had a nonmarine roof rock, contained 1.4–2.8 wt.% total sulfur, generally much lower than the high-sulfur coal (> 3.0 wt.% total S) to the north, which is associated with marine roof rocks. Small-scale systematic and nonsystematic variations in total sulfur and pyrite distribution were found in the mined area. In the column sample, most of the pyrite was found in the upper 9 cm of the 69-cm-thick mined coal and occurred mainly as a pyrite lens containing cell fillings in seed-fern tissue (coal ball). As-bearing pyrite was detected by laser microprobe techniques in the cell walls of this tissue but not elsewhere in the column sample. This may indicate that the As was derived from decomposition of organic matter in the cell walls. The sulfur isotopic composition and distribution of pyrite in the coal are consistent with introduction of marine sulfate shortly after peat deposition, followed by bacterial reduction and pyrite precipitation. Epigenetic cleat pyrite in the coal is isotopically heavy, implying that later aqueous sulfate was 34S-enriched.
The complex interplay between source-terrain uplift, basin subsidence, paleoclimatic shifts, and sea-level change, left an extensive sedimentary record in the contiguous offshore basins of the U.S. middle Atlantic margin (Salisbury Embayment, Baltimore Canyon Trough, and Hatteras Basin). Isopach maps of 23 postrift (Lower Jurassic to Quaternary) a allostratigraphic units, coupled with a revised stratigraphic framework, reveal that tectonism, by regulating sediment supply (accumulation rate), dominated the interplay of forcing mechanisms. Tectonic pulses are evidenced by abruptly accelerated sediment accumulation, marked latitudinal shifts in the location of depocenters, and regional changes in lithofacies. Relatively rapid tectonic subsidence during the Early and Middle Jurassic history of the basins may have enhanced sediment accumulation rates. Beginning in the Late Jurassic, however, subsidence rates decreased significantly, though occasional short pulses of subsidence may have effected relative sea-level rises. Sea-level change heavily influenced the distribution and redistribution of sediments one they reached the basins, and paleoclimate regulated the relative abundance of carbonates and evaporites in the basins.
We conclude that source terrains of the central Appalachian Highlands were tectonically uplifted, intensely weathered, and rapidly eroded three times since the Late Triassic: (1) Early to Middle Jurassic (Aalenian to Callovian); (2) mid-Early Cretaceous (Barremian); and (3) Late Cenozoic (Middle Miocene). Intervals of tectonic quiescence following these three tectonic pulses provided conditions suitable for the formation of regional erosion surfaces, geomorphic features commonly reported to characterize the central Appalachian Highlands. This series of three, irregularly spaced, tectonic/quiescent cycles does not, however, match the traditional four-cycle concept of post-Triassic Appalachian “peneplanation”.
Sediment samples from nearshore sites in south San Francisco Bay and from streams flowing into that section of the Bay have been characterized in terms of their content of biogenic and anthropogenic molecular marker compounds. The distributions, input sources, and applicability of these compounds in determining sediment movement are discussed. By means of inspection and multivariate analysis, the compounds were grouped according to probable input sources and the sampling stations according to the relative importance of source contributions. A suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dominated by pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene, typical of estuarine environments worldwide, and suites of mature sterane and hopane biomarkers were found to be most suitable as background markers for the Bay. A homologous series of long-chain n-aldehydes (C12-C32) with a strong even-over-odd carbon number dominance in the higher molecular weight range and the ubiquitous n-alkanes (n-C24-C34) with a strong odd-over-even carbon number dominance were utilized as terrigenous markers. Several ratios of these terrigenous and Bay markers were calculated for each station. These ratios and the statistical indicators from the multivariate analysis point toward a strong terrigenous signal in the terminus of South Bay and indicate net directional movement of recently introduced sediment where nontidal currents had been considered to be minimal or nonexistent and tidal currents had been assumed to be dominant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F., Rapp, J.B., Kvenvolden, K., and Samuel, N.L., 1989, Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fc4e4b0c8380cd75c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, N L.","contributorId":107436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"N","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015456,"text":"70015456 - 1989 - 40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:01:59.528873","indexId":"70015456","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate","docAbstract":"The mineralogy of shocked mineral and lithic grains in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary claystone worldwide is most consistent with a bolide impact on a continent. Both the concentrations and sizes of these shocked grains are greatest in the western interior of North America. These data suggest that the Manson impact structure in north-central Iowa is a viable candidate for the K-T boundary impact event. Argon-40–argon-39 age spectrum dating of shocked microcline from the crystalline central uplift of the Manson impact structure indicates that there was severe argon-40 loss at 65.7 ± 1.0 million years ago, an age that is indistinguishable from that of the K-T boundary, within the limits of analytical precision.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.244.4912.1565","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Izett, G., Haugerud, R., and Sutter, J.F., 1989, 40Ar-39Ar dating of the Manson impact structure: A Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary crater candidate: Science, v. 244, no. 4912, p. 1565-1568, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4912.1565.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1565","endPage":"1568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","issue":"4912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25fe4b0c8380cd45b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izett, G. A.","contributorId":21131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015221,"text":"70015221 - 1989 - Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:31:00","indexId":"70015221","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Partially fused granitoid blocks were ejected in the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama, which was accompanied by collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Quartz, plagioclase, and glass in the granitoids have much lower δ18O values (−3.4 to +4.9‰) than any fresh lavas of Mount Mazama and the surrounding region (+5.8 to +7.0‰). Oxygen isotope fractionation between phases in granitoids is consistent with equilibrium at T ⩾ 900°C following subsolidus exchange with hydrothermal fluids of meteoric origin. Assimilation of ∼ 10–20% of material similar to these granitoids can account for the O and Sr isotopic compositions of lavas and juvenile pyroclasts derived from the climactic magma chamber, many of which have δ18O values ∼ 0.5‰ or more lower than comparable lavas of Mount Mazama. The O isotope data provide the only clear evidence for such assimilation because the mineralogy and chemical and radiogenic isotopic compositions of the granitoids (dominantly granodiorite) are similar to those of erupted juvenile magmas. The granitoid blocks from Crater Lake serve as direct evidence for the origin of18O depletion in large, shallow silicic magma bodies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(89)90132-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Adami, L.H., and Lanphere, M.A., 1989, Direct evidence for the origin of low-18O silicic magmas: quenched samples of a magma chamber's partially-fused granitoid walls, Crater Lake, Oregon: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90132-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01afe4b0c8380cd4fcee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adami, Lanford H.","contributorId":146967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adami","given":"Lanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015442,"text":"70015442 - 1989 - Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:13:41","indexId":"70015442","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Synchronized measurements of geomagnetic field have been recorded along 800 km of the San Andreas fault and in the Long Valley caldera since 1974, and during eruptions on Mount St. Helens since 1980. For shorter periods of time, continuous measurements of geoelectric field measurements have been made on Mount St. Helens and near the San Andreas fault where moderate seismicity and fault slip frequently occurs. Significant tectonic and volcanic events for which nearby magnetic and electric field data have been obtained include: (1) two moderate earthquakes (ML > 5.8) for which magnetometers were close enough to expect observable signals (about three source lengths), (2) one moderate earthquake (MS 7.3) for which magnetometers were installed as massive fluid outflow occurred during the post-seismic phase, (3) numerous fault creep events and moderate seismicity, (4) a major explosive volcanic eruption and numerous minor extrusive eruptions, and (5) an episode of aseismic uplift. For one of the two earthquakes with ML > 5.8, seismomagnetic effects of -1.3 and -0.3 nT were observed. For this event, magnetometers were optimally located near the epicenter and the observations obtained are consistent with simple seismomagnetic models of the event. Similar models for the other event indicate that the expected seismomagnetic effects are below the signal resolution of the nearest magnetometer. Precursive tectonomagnetic effects were recorded on two independent instruments at distances of 30 and 50 km from a ML 5.2 earthquake. Longer-term changes were recorded in one region in southern California where a moderate ML 5.9 earthquake has since occurred. Surface observations of fault creep events have no associated magnetic or electrical signature above the present measurement precision (0.25 nT and 0.01%, respectively) and are consistent with near-surface fault failure models of these events. Longer-term creep is sometimes associated with corresponding longer-term magnetic field perturbations. Correlated changes in gravity, magnetic field, areal strain, and uplift occurred during episodes of aseismic deformation in southern California primarily between 1979 and 1983. Because the relationships between these parameters agrees with those calculated from simple deformation and tectonomagnetic models, the preferred explanation appeals to short-term strain episodes independently detected in each data set. An unknown source of meteorologically generated noise in the strain, gravity, and uplift data and an unknown, but correlated, disturbance in the absolute magnetic data might also explain the data. No clear observations of seismoelectric or tectonoelectric effects have yet been reported. The eruption of Mount St. Helens generated large oscillatory fields and 9 ?? 2 nT offset on the only surviving magnetometer. A large-scale traveling magnetic disturbance passed through the San Andreas array from 1 to 2 h after the eruption. Subsequent extrusive eruptions generated small precursory magnetic changes in some cases. These data are consistent with a simple volcanomagnetic model, magneto-gas dynamic effects, and a blast excited traveling ionospheric disturbance. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), also generated by earthquake-related atmospheric pressure waves, may explain many electromagnetic disturbances apparently associated with earthquakes. Local near-fault magnetic field transients rarely exceed a few nT at periods of a few minutes and longer. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., 1989, Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 47-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267323,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90213-6"},{"id":224039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac75e4b0c8380cd86d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}