The United States as a Nation possesses abundant water resources and has developed and used those resources extensively. The national renewable supply of water is about 1,400 billion gallons per day (for the conterminous 48 States). Approximately 380 billion gallons per day of freshwater is withdrawn for use by the Nation's homes, farms, and industries, and about 280 billion gallons per day is returned to streams. Although a large percentage of the Nation's waste is carried in this return flow, the quality of water in streams has improved in many respects as a result of the pollution-control pro- grams of recent years. However, much remains to be learned about water quality particularly the extent of contamination by synthetic organic chemicals and heavy metals, and the effects of these contaminants on human health.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2250","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, National water summary 1983: Hydrologic events and issues: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2250, vi, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2250.","productDescription":"vi, 243 p.","numberOfPages":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2250/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2250/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30133,"text":"wri834114C - 1984 - Maps showing distribution of dissolved solids and dominant chemical type in ground water, Basin and Range Province, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri834114C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4114","chapter":"C","title":"Maps showing distribution of dissolved solids and dominant chemical type in ground water, Basin and Range Province, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834114C","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T.H., Nuter, J., and Anderson, T.W., 1984, Maps showing distribution of dissolved solids and dominant chemical type in ground water, Basin and Range Province, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4114, 7 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834114C.","productDescription":"7 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58938,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58939,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58940,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58941,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4114c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60571c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T. H.","contributorId":23927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuter, J.A.","contributorId":95517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuter","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, T. W.","contributorId":105686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":48889,"text":"ofr84358I - 1984 - Preliminary geologic map of Guide Rock 7.5 minutes Quadrangle, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr84358I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-358","chapter":"I","title":"Preliminary geologic map of Guide Rock 7.5 minutes Quadrangle, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr84358I","usgsCitation":"Snyder, G.L., 1984, Preliminary geologic map of Guide Rock 7.5 minutes Quadrangle, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-358, 2 over-size sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84358I.","productDescription":"2 over-size sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":85723,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0358i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85724,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0358i/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, George L.","contributorId":6843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44162,"text":"ofr844 - 1984 - Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1978 in Norton Sound and the eastern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"ofr844","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4","title":"Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1978 in Norton Sound and the eastern Bering Sea","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr844","issn":"ma","usgsCitation":"Mann, D.M., and Fisher, M.A., 1984, Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1978 in Norton Sound and the eastern Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-4, 1 map :photocopy ;67 x 107 cm. +1 pamphlet ([3] leaves : map ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr844.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;67 x 107 cm. +1 pamphlet ([3] leaves : map ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81548,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81549,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Dennis M.","contributorId":50528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":229262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49451,"text":"ofr80630 - 1984 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Duluth, Minnesota; Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:26","indexId":"ofr80630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-630","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Duluth, Minnesota; Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80630","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Duluth, Minnesota; Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-630, Lat 46 degrees to 47 degrees, long 92 degrees to 94 degrees., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80630.","productDescription":"Lat 46 degrees to 47 degrees, long 92 degrees to 94 degrees.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64590,"text":"i1503 - 1984 - Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7131,"text":"ofr82613 - 1982 - Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"ofr82613","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64590,"text":"i1503 - 1984 - Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"i1503","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:01","indexId":"i1503","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1503","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1503","usgsCitation":"Mayfield, C., Curtis, S., Ellersieck, I., and Tailleur, I., 1984, Reconnaissance geologic map of southeastern Misheguk Mountain Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1503, 1 map and 3 cross sections on 2 sheets :col. ;117 x 65 cm., sheets 145 x 105 cm. and 76 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1503.","productDescription":"1 map and 3 cross sections on 2 sheets :col. ;117 x 65 cm., sheets 145 x 105 cm. and 76 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106770,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9264"},{"id":187059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,68 ], [ -160,68.66666666666667 ], [ -159,68.66666666666667 ], [ -159,68 ], [ -160,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db6436fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayfield, C.F.","contributorId":95467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayfield","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, S.M.","contributorId":16823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellersieck, Inyo","contributorId":34914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Inyo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tailleur, I.L.","contributorId":59027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18806,"text":"ofr84378 - 1984 - Reconnaissance geology of the Jibal Matalli Quadrangle, sheet 27/40 D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:41:52","indexId":"ofr84378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-378","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Jibal Matalli Quadrangle, sheet 27/40 D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Jibal Matalli quadrangle lies along the northern boundary of the Arabian Shield about 90 km west-southwest of Ha'il. The quadrangle consists of about 45 percent Precambrian bedrock, 50 percent Quaternary deposits, and 5 percent sedimentary cover rocks. The Precambrian rocks include volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks that are slightly metamorphosed and various granitic plutons. The volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks are correlated with the Hulayfah group and the Hadn formation. The older Hulayfah is principally basalt of probably submarine origin that has locally been metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The Hadn is composed of submarine and subaerial deposits. These consist of volcanic-derived sandstone and siltstone and lesser amounts of chiefly rhyolite volcanic rocks. In most areas, the Hadn shows little in the way of metamorphic effects, but locally it too has been metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The volcanic rocks of the Hadn include ash-flow tuffs; some appear to be water-laid, but others are subaerial. The oldest pluton is diorite, those of intermediate age are monzogranite and syenogranite, and the youngest are alkali feldspar granites. The largest pluton, a metaluminous, low-calcium, biotite monzogranite, occupies much of the southern part of the quadrangle. The alkali feldspar granites are mostly peralkaline; the two youngest are particularly so. The latter two are located in the southwest and southeast corners of the quadrangle, and both contain arfvedsonite and kataphorite. The pluton in the southeast grades outward from a peraluminous core to a peralkaline, comenditic peripheral zone and is inferred to be genetically related to a spectacular, west-trending comendite dike swarm in the southern half of the quadrangle.
\nTwo northeast-trending buried right-lateral faults are inferred in the quadrangle; one in the southeast and one in the northwest. The one in the northwest probably offsets the comendite dike swarm about 3 km. This fault appears to be part of a broad right-lateral fault and flexure zone that juxtaposes the Hadn formation on the west against the Hulayfah group on the east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84378","usgsCitation":"Ekren, E.B., 1984, Reconnaissance geology of the Jibal Matalli Quadrangle, sheet 27/40 D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-378, ii, 38 p. . :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84378.","productDescription":"ii, 38 p. . :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48176,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0378/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 40,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 27\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6409ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ekren, E. B.","contributorId":14371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19616,"text":"ofr84159 - 1984 - Reconnaissance geology of the Qufar Quadrangle, sheet 27/41 D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:38:30","indexId":"ofr84159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-159","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Qufar Quadrangle, sheet 27/41 D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Qufar quadrangle, south of the city of Ha' il in the northern Arabian Shield is underlain by late Proterozoic granitic and dioritic rocks and two volcano-sedimentary sequences. Phanerozoic rocks include a few outcrops of the Cambrian and Ordovician Saq Sandstone and small remnants of Miocene basalt flows and plugs.
\nThe oldest rocks in the quadrangle comprise the Nuf formation, a layered sequence of submarine, tholeiitic metabasalt and meta-andesite, and interbedded metagraywacke and marble. The Nuf formation may correlate with rocks mapped as Halaban or Hulayfah group (approximately 780-720 Ma old) to the south of the quadrangle. Cogenetic subvolcanic rocks include gabbro and diorite. Voluminous plutonic rocks of approximately monzogranite composition intruded and dismembered the Nuf formation, gabbro, and diorite, which were simultaneously metamorphosed and internally deformed. Metamorphism of the Nuf formation was variable, but generally' upper greenstone-facies assemblages were produced.
\nFollowing a period of extensive erosion, the Hadn formation, dacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrite and flow breccia, and interbedded subgraywacke, arkose, and minor conglomerate was deposited. The Hadn formation may be a continental equivalent of the Murdama group, which is mapped to the south of the quadrangle and is approximately 650 to 610 Ma old.
\nNumerous plutons, predominantly monzogranite, but ranging from gabbro to alkali-feldspar granite, post-date the Hadn formation. Of these, the Malayhah granite is particularly noteworthy because it has a broad zone of cataclasis along the western and southern border. Country rock within several kilometers of the western contact is also highly sheared, predominantly along northerly trends. Locally, a melange of several rock types was produced. Contact metamorphism to garnet-amphibolite hornfels facies occurred at this time, and may be responsible for the formation of small sub-economic magnetite lenses interlayered with some of the marbles of the Nuf formation. In the northern part of the quadrangle, southeast dipping imbricate thrust faults probably closely post-date the emplacement of the Mulayhah granite. These thrusts were followed in time by predominantly northeast-trending high-angle faults.
\nThe last major plutonic event in the area is the intrusion of the alkalic granite complexes at Jabal Aja and Jabal Sal ma about 580 Ma ago. Of particular note is a per alkalic border facies of the Jabal Aja complex that is associated with pegmatites enriched in thorium, niobium, and rare-earth elements.
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Geological Survey, fiscal year 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-309, 16 p. ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84309.","productDescription":"16 p. ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68643f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43306,"text":"ofr84176 - 1984 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for McIntosh, South Dakota-North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr84176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-176","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for McIntosh, South Dakota-North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr84176","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Land use and land cover and associated maps for McIntosh, South Dakota-North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-176, 4 sheets :photocopy ;45 x 67 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84176.","productDescription":"4 sheets :photocopy ;45 x 67 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16810,"text":"ofr84103 - 1984 - Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and eolian samples from the Kelso Dunes Wilderness Study Area (CDCA 250), San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:18","indexId":"ofr84103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-103","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and eolian samples from the Kelso Dunes Wilderness Study Area (CDCA 250), San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84103","usgsCitation":"Detra, D., Goldfarb, R., Meier, A.L., and Weaver, S., 1984, Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment and eolian samples from the Kelso Dunes Wilderness Study Area (CDCA 250), San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-103, ii,12 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84103.","productDescription":"ii,12 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45881,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0103/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, S.C.","contributorId":8873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29870,"text":"wri844328 - 1984 - Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri844328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4328","title":"Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada","docAbstract":"Nine plant macrofossil assemblages from the Eleana Range-2 packrat (Neotoma sp.) midden span 6,500 radiocarbon years and record local vegetational changes in the southern Great Basin of Nevada during the last one-half of the Late Wisconsin glacial age. Climatic reconstructions were developed to account for these changes. During the late full glacial episode (17,000 to 15,000 radiocarbon years before the present), winter precipitation was about 70% greater than present winter precipitation, and summer rainfall was minimal. Average annual precipitation probably exceeded present annual precipitation by less than 40%. Annual temperatures were about 6 to 7 C lower than the present average, and evidence exists for winter temperatures much lower than those of the present. A major warming trend occurred between about 16,000 and 12,000 radiocarbon years before present. By the latest Wisconsin (12 ,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon years before present), annual temperatures were within 2 C of temperatures of the present. During the latest Wisconsin, precipitation was greater during the winter, relative to the present. The climate of this pluvial event was much different from that of the preceding full glacial episode and is consistent with current models of astronomically induced climatic changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844328","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, W., Robinson, S., and Paillet, F.L., 1984, Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4328, iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844328.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58681,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58682,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58683,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, W. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT831","usgsCitation":"Blackey, F., Cotton, J.E., and Toppin, K., 1984, Water resources data, New Hampshire and Vermont water year 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-83-1, vii, 145 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNHVT831.","productDescription":"vii, 145 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-83-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":374507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-83-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackey, F.E.","contributorId":51797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackey","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotton, J. E.","contributorId":52976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toppin, K. W.","contributorId":35776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppin","given":"K. 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The model simulates, in cross section, the sedimentary wedge from the Delaware River estuary in New Jersey to the Continental Slope. Simulated steady-state freshwater flow is separated from static saltwater by a sharp interface. The model was used to test the sensitivity of the simulated interface position to anisotropy as well as to sea-level elevation. Increasing anisotropy causes the interface to be shallower and extend farther offshore. Lowering sea level causes the interface to be deeper and to extend farther offshore. Simulations using hydraulic conductivities based on available data suggest that the transition zone is not in equilibrium with present sea level. The position of the transition zone probably reflects a long-term average sea level of between 50 and 100 ft below present sea level. The cyclic movement of salty ground water in response to sea-level fluctuations during the Quaternary and Late Tertiary caused the saltwater to mix with freshwater, thus producing a broad transition zone. The freshwater is predominantly sodium bicarbonate in character. The saltwater, from New Jersey to Virginia, probably is a sodium calcium chloride brine. In North Carolina, it is primarily seawater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2255","usgsCitation":"Meisler, H., Leahy, P.P., and Knobel, L.L., 1984, The effect of eustatic sea-level changes on saltwater-freshwater relations in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2255, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2255.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25307.htm"},{"id":28087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2255/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.72802734375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -78.72802734375,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -78.72802734375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meisler, Harold","contributorId":34103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meisler","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leahy, P. 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Historical data from two wells are also included. A description of each observation well is provided that gives the well location, site identification number, hydrologic unit, owner, aquifer, well characteristics, general remarks, period of record, and extreme measurements for the period of record. A hydrograph for the period of record is presented for each well. The method and frequency of water-level measurements at each well are presented in tabular format. 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T.","contributorId":57055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santos, E.S.","contributorId":95883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38513,"text":"pp1342 - 1984 - The evolution of the southern California uplift, 1955 through 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:11:50","indexId":"pp1342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1342","title":"The evolution of the southern California uplift, 1955 through 1976","docAbstract":"The southern California uplift culminated in 1974 as a 150- km-wide crustal swell that extended about 600 km eastward and east-southeastward from Point Arguello to the Colorado River and Salton Sea, respectively; it was characterized by remarkably uniform height changes between 1959 and 1974 of 0.30-0.35 m over at least half of its 60,000-70,000 km2 area. At its zenith, the uplift included virtually the entire Transverse Ranges geologic province and parts of the Coast Ranges, San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada, Basin and Range, Mojave Desert, Peninsular Ranges, and Salton Trough provinces. The alinement of the western part of the uplift closely paralleled the east-trending Transverse Ranges, whereas the southern flank of the eastern lobe roughly coincided with the west-northwest-trending San Andreas fault. The position and configuration of the uplift associate it with a singularly complex section of the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates that has certainly sustained major modification during the past 5 million years and probably during the past 1 million years.
Surface deformation can be categorized as tectonic or nontectonic. Nontectonic vertical displacements associated with the activities of man have overwhelmed natural compaction and areally significant soil expansion in the southern California area. Because tectonic displacements are implicitly defined as those that cannot be otherwise explained, those vertical movements that can be reasonably attributed to artificial processes have been subtracted from our reconstructed configurations of the uplift. Hence this reconstruction has necessarily included the assembly and evaluation of an enormous volume of data on oil-field operations, changes in ground-water levels, and measured subsidence (or rebound) associated with changes in the underground fluid regimen.
Measured changes in height at various stages in the evolution of the uplift have been based chiefly on first-order levelings carried out between 1953 and 1976. Exceptions to this generalization consist largely of the results of pre-1953 surveys through the western Transverse Ranges and the eastern Mojave Desert. Errors in measured height differences derive from blunders, systematic survey errors, random survey errors, improperly formulated orthometric corrections, and intrasurvey movement; the last of these has created the most serious problems encountered in our reconstruction of the basic data. A variety of independent tests indicate that survey error associated with the utilized levelings was generally small and fell largely within the predicted random-error range. Moreover, the redundancy and coherence displayed by the entire data set provide convincing evidence of survey accuracy and the virtual absence of height- and slope-dependent error in particular.
Our reconstructions of the changing configuration of the uplift derive chiefly from comparisons among sequentially developed observed elevations along the same route. Most of the observed elevations from which the vertical displacements were computed have been reconstructed with respect to bench mark Tidal 8, San Pedro, as invariant in height. Because the San Pedro tide station has been characterized by a history of modest relative uplift, vertical displacements referred to this station are biased slightly toward the appearance of subsidence. Where the observed elevations cannot be conveniently tied to Tidal 8, they have been referred to secondary control points whose history with respect to Tidal 8 can be independently established. Each of the lines of observed elevation changes provides, accordingly, a section athwart or along the axis of the uplift from which the changes in the configuration of the uplift can be roughly generalized. Because relatively few surveys were run in 1955, which we choose as a representative temporal datum, we have commonly incorporated the results of earlier or of somewhat later levelings as the equivalents of 1955 surveys. Although this procedure introduces a certain subjectivity, the probable equivalence between the results of these earlier or later surveys with those that would have been obtained had this leveling been carried out in 1955, usually can be independently tested. Wherever the calculated vertical displacements are based on comparisons between the results of levelings over different routes, the observed elevations have been orthometrically corrected to agree with those that would have been produced had each of these surveys been along the same route.
The growth of the southern California uplift consisted of two well-defined spasms of positive movement, the second of which was closely followed by partial collapse. Our reconstruction, although it clearly errs in detail, indicates that the uplift, together with marginal and apparently ephemeral tectonic subsidence, nucleated in the west-central Transverse Ranges near Ozena, sometime between the spring of 1959 and the spring of 1960. The uplift expanded rapidly eastward (and probably westward as well), and by the fall of 1961 much of the Transverse Ranges and the Mojave Desert at least as far east as Twentynine Palms had risen by as much as 0.25 m. Between 1962 and 1972 the area included by the initially developed (1959-61) uplift sustained additional but clearly decelerating uplift accompanied locally by oscillatory displacements. Between 1972/ 73 and 1974 a second crustal spasm extended the uplift eastward to the Colorado River and elevated much of the eastern Mojave Desert by values that equaled or exceeded those developed within the western lobe. Between 1974 and 1976, at least the central part of the uplift sustained partial collapse that nowhere amounted to less than 50 percent of the cumulative uplift since 1959. Whether this collapse affected the entire uplift is conjectural, but we now recognize well-defined evidence of major down-to-the-north tilting that must have occurred within the eastern part of the uplift at some time between 1974 and 1976.
Accumulating evidence indicates that nearly all the area included with the southern California uplift underwent similar uplift and partial collapse during the early part of the 20th century. Thus we infer that the recent uplift represents but a single event in an ongoing, more or less cyclic deformational process characterized by a period of about 50 years. Even though less than two full cycles are expressed in the geodetic record, the cumulative rate of uplift near the center of the recent uplift probably has averaged about 5 mm/yr, a value that is roughly consistent with the uplift rates that have been deduced for the late Quaternary emergent marine terraces along the south flank of the Transverse Ranges.
Although the evolution of the recent uplift is relatively well defined, its correlation with the regional seismicity is poorly defined. A comparison between the occurrence of southern California earthquakes of magnitude ≥4 during the period 1932 to 1976 with the 1974 configuration of the uplift demonstrates the existence of (1) relatively aseismic areas within the western lobe of the uplift (in the western Transverse Ranges), in the central part of the uplift (in the western Mojave Desert), and along an east-trending zone that extends into the eastern Mojave athwart the south flank of the uplift (north of the Salton Sea) and (2) localized concentrations of seismic activity along the flanks of the uplift. Moreover, 9 of the 10 largest earthquakes recorded within or around the area of the southern California uplift during the period 1932 to 1976 (the 1933 Long Beach, the 1941 Santa Barbara, the 1946 Walker Pass, the 1947 Manix, the 1948 Desert Hot Springs, and the four major 1952 Kern County shocks) occurred before the inception of the uplift in 1959 or 1960.
The area embraced by the southern California uplift has been identified with geodetically defined horizontal strain, part of which may have accumulated as a major north-south contractional event that roughly coincided with the first spasm of uplift. Nonetheless, continuing contractional strain associated with regionally developed partial collapse argues that the uplift cannot be fully explained simply as the vertical expression of continuing north-south compression. Consideration of the two well-defined historical episodes of uplift and partial collapse indicate that the southern California uplift may be the product of decoupling and viscous flow beneath the seismogenic zone, presumably driven by continuing motion between the irregularly margined plates south of the great bend of the San Andreas fault. Because the magnitude of the maximum uplift associated with each episode was approximately the same, there may be some threshold value above which collapse (viscous flow) may ensue; the absence of total collapse may be a function of precollapse strain hardening within the postulated subseismogenic viscoelastic layer.
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