During 2005-8, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Water Department, measured concentrations of sodium and chloride, plant nutrients, commonly used pesticides, and caffeine in base-flow and stormwater samples collected from 11 tributaries in the Cambridge drinking-water source area. These data were used to characterize current water-quality conditions, to establish a baseline for future comparisons, and to describe trends in surface-water quality. The data also were used to assess the effects of watershed characteristics on surface-water quality and to inform future watershed management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., and Waldron, M.C., 2015, Water quality in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area, 2005-8: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3030, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153030.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-046036","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153030.jpg"},{"id":299464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3030/pdf/fs2015-3030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3030 Report"},{"id":299463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3030/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Cambridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.06420516967773,\n 42.38504955243599\n ],\n [\n -71.15741729736328,\n 42.39531906359705\n ],\n [\n -71.23191833496094,\n 42.42700448967684\n ],\n [\n -71.24839782714844,\n 42.45411449876218\n ],\n [\n -71.2957763671875,\n 42.456647545121605\n ],\n [\n -71.33663177490234,\n 42.44296787761998\n ],\n [\n -71.33251190185545,\n 42.36133451106724\n ],\n [\n -71.26556396484375,\n 42.34154398944032\n ],\n [\n -71.06403350830078,\n 42.348648996207956\n ],\n [\n -71.06420516967773,\n 42.38504955243599\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524f19fe4b027f0aee3d461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144431,"text":"sir20155038 - 2015 - Potential groundwater recharge for the State of Minnesota using the Soil-Water-Balance model, 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T15:06:47","indexId":"sir20155038","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5038","title":"Potential groundwater recharge for the State of Minnesota using the Soil-Water-Balance model, 1996-2010","docAbstract":"Groundwater recharge is one of the most difficult components of a water budget to ascertain, yet is an important boundary condition necessary for the quantification of water resources. In Minnesota, improved estimates of recharge are necessary because approximately 75 percent of drinking water and 90 percent of agricultural irrigation water in Minnesota are supplied from groundwater. The water that is withdrawn must be supplied by some combination of (1) increased recharge, (2) decreased discharge to streams, lakes, and other surface-water bodies, and (3) removal of water that was stored in the system. Recent pressure on groundwater resources has highlighted the need to provide more accurate recharge estimates for various tools that can assess the sustainability of long-term water use. As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, used the Soil-Water-Balance model to calculate gridded estimates of potential groundwater recharge across Minnesota for 1996‒2010 at a 1-kilometer (0.621-mile) resolution. The potential groundwater recharge estimates calculated for Minnesota from the Soil-Water Balance model included gridded values (1-kilometer resolution) of annual mean estimates (that is, the means for individual years from 1996 through 2010) and mean annual estimates (that is, the mean for the 15-year period 1996−2010).
\nThe Soil-Water-Balance model uses a modified Thornthwaite-Mather soil-water-balance approach, with components of the soil-water balance calculated on a daily basis. A key advantage of this approach includes the use of commonly available geographic information system data layers that incorporate land cover, soil properties, and daily meteorological data to produce temporally and spatially variable gridded estimates of potential recharge. The Soil-Water-Balance model was calibrated by using a combination of parameter estimation techniques, making manual adjustments of model parameters, and using parameter values from previously published Soil-Water-Balance models. Each calibration simulation compared the potential recharge estimate from the model against base-flow estimates derived from three separate hydrograph separation techniques. A total of 35 Minnesota watersheds were selected for the model calibration.
\nMeteorological data necessary for the model included daily precipitation, minimum daily temperature, and maximum daily temperature. All of the meteorological data were provided by the Daymet dataset, which included daily continuous surfaces of key climatological data. Land-cover data were provided by the 2001 and 2006 National Land Cover Database: the 2001 classification was used from 1994 through 2003, and the 2006 classification was used from 2004 through 2010. Soil data used in the model included hydrologic soils group and the available soil-water capacity. These soil data were obtained from the Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database and the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database.
\nThe statewide mean annual potential recharge rate from 1996–2010 was 4.9 inches per year. Potential recharge estimates increased from west to east across Minnesota. The mean annual potential recharge estimates across Minnesota at a 1-km resolution for the overall simulation period (1996–2010) ranged from less than 0.1 to 17.8 inches per year. Some of the lowest potential recharge rates for the simulation period were in the Red River of the North Basin of northwestern Minnesota, and generally were between 1.0 and 1.5 inches per year. The highest potential recharge rates were in northeastern Minnesota and the Anoka Sand Plain in central Minnesota. Eighty-eight percent of the potential recharge rates (by grid cell) were between 2 and 8 inches per year from 1996–2010. Only about 3 percent of all the potential recharge estimates (by grid cell) were less than 2 inches per year, and 9 percent of estimates were greater than 8 inches per year.
\nOn an annual basis, however, potential recharge rates were as high as 27.2 inches per year. The highest annual mean recharge estimate across the State was for 2010, and the lowest mean recharge estimate was for 2003. Although precipitation variability partially explained the annual differences in potential recharge estimates, precipitation alone did not account for these differences, and other factors such as antecedent moisture conditions likely were important. Also, because precipitation gradients across the State can vary from year to year, the dominant land-cover class and hydrologic soil group combinations for a particular region had a large effect on the resulting potential recharge value. During 1996–2010, April had the greatest monthly mean potential recharge compared to all other months, accounting for a mean of 30 percent of annual potential recharge in this single month.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2015, Potential groundwater recharge for the State of Minnesota using the Soil-Water-Balance model, 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5038, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155038.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","startPage":"85","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-034584","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155038.jpg"},{"id":299399,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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easmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-0798","contributorId":1405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"easmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142541,"text":"sir20155042 - 2015 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T16:56:44","indexId":"sir20155042","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5042","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13","docAbstract":"From 2011 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in 11 boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system (MLMS) consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers.
\nMultilevel monitoring at the INL has been ongoing since 2006 and this report summarizes data collected from 2011 to 2013 in 11 multilevel monitoring wells. Hydraulic head (head) and groundwater temperature data were collected from 11 multilevel monitoring wells, including 177 hydraulically isolated depth intervals from 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface. One port (port 3) within borehole USGS 134 was not monitored because of a valve failure.
\nHead and temperature profiles reveal unique patterns for vertical examination of the aquifer’s complex basalt and sediment stratigraphy, proximity to aquifer recharge and discharge, and groundwater flow. These features contribute to some of the localized variability even though the general profile shape remained consistent over the period of record. Twenty-two major head inflections were described for 9 of 11 MLMS boreholes and almost always coincided with low‑permeability sediment layers and occasionally thick layers of dense basalt. However, the presence of a sediment layer or dense basalt layer was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change within a borehole without knowing the true areal extent and relative transmissivity of the lithologic unit. Temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the Big Lost Trough indicate linear conductive trends; whereas, temperature profiles for boreholes completed within volcanic rift zones and near the southern boundary of the Idaho National Laboratory, indicate mostly convective heat transfer. Select boreholes along the southern boundary show a temperature reversal and cooler water deeper in the aquifer resulting from the vertical movement of groundwater.
\nVertical head and temperature change were quantified for each of the 11 multilevel monitoring systems. Vertical head gradients defined for the major inflections in the head profiles were as high as 2.9 feet per foot. In general, fractured basalt zones displayed relatively small vertical head differences and show a high occurrence within volcanic rift zones. Poor connectivity between fractures and higher vertical gradients were generally attributed to sediment layers and layers of dense basalt, or both. Groundwater temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.8 to 16.3 °C.
\nNormalized mean head values were analyzed for all 11 multilevel monitoring wells for the period of record (2007–13). The mean head values suggest a moderately positive correlation among all boreholes and generally reflect regional fluctuations in water levels in response to seasonal climatic changes. Boreholes within volcanic rift zones and near the southern boundary (USGS 103, USGS 105, USGS 108, USGS 132, USGS 135, USGS 137A) display a temporal correlation that is strongly positive. Boreholes in the Big Lost Trough display some variations in temporal correlations that may result from proximity to the mountain front to the northwest and episodic flow in the Big Lost River drainage system. For example, during June 2012, boreholes MIDDLE 2050A and MIDDLE 2051 showed head buildup within the upper zones when compared to the June 2010 profile event, which correlates to years when surface water was reported for the Big Lost River several months preceding the measurement period. With the exception of borehole USGS 134, temporal correlation between MLMS wells completed within the Big Lost Trough is generally positive. Temporal correlation for borehole USGS 134 shows the least agreement with other MLMS boreholes located within the Big Lost Trough; however, borehole USGS 134 is close to the mountain front where tributary valley subsurface inflow is suspected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., and Fisher, J.C., 2015, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5042, Report: vii, 49 p.; 8 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155042.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; 8 Appendices","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056607","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155042.jpg"},{"id":299323,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppH.pdf","text":"Appendix H","size":"161 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/"},{"id":299315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir2015-5042.pdf","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppA.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"98 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299317,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"202 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299318,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppC.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"125 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299319,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppD.pdf","text":"Appendix D","size":"109 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299320,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppE.pdf","text":"Appendix E","size":"592 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299321,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppF.pdf","text":"Appendix F","size":"103 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299322,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppG.pdf","text":"Appendix G","size":"148 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.104248046875,\n 43.52664646047308\n ],\n [\n -113.104248046875,\n 43.880077621969065\n ],\n [\n -112.61123657226562,\n 43.880077621969065\n ],\n [\n -112.61123657226562,\n 43.52664646047308\n ],\n [\n -113.104248046875,\n 43.52664646047308\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"DOE/ID-22235","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a1fe4b027f0aee3b87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144855,"text":"sir20145209 - 2015 - The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model, version 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T09:14:54","indexId":"sir20145209","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5209","title":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model, version 2","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of water-level gages, interpolation models that generate daily water-level and water-depth data, and applications that compute derived hydrologic data across the freshwater part of the greater Everglades landscape. The U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science provides support for EDEN in order for EDEN to provide quality-assured monitoring data for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
\nThe EDEN surface-water model, version 2 (V2), interpolates water-level data from a network of 240 gages to generate gridded daily water-level surfaces for the freshwater domain of the Everglades. When these spatiotemporal continuous surfaces are combined with EDEN’s digital elevation model of ground surface, derived hydrologic data provide scientists and water managers working in the Everglades with data necessary to analyze ecological and biotic responses to hydrologic changes in the Everglades. Derived datasets include water depth, recession rates, days since last dry, water-surface slopes, and hydroperiod. The V2 model includes enhancements from the previous model (version 1; V1) to accommodate changes in the water-level gage network, adjustments to water-level data, improved understanding of the flow dynamics (particularly near canals), and installation of an elevation benchmark network. Enhancements to the V2 model included
\nModel performance statistics show a general improvement in the V2 model as compared to the V1 model. Overall, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was reduced by 2.42 centimeters (cm) to 4.68 cm. In Water Conservation Area 3A North and Water Conservation Area 3B, the RMSE was reduced by 10.88 and 9.15 cm, respectively. In addition to evaluating model performance statistics, 2-cm water-level maps were generated and evaluated for irregular contours that would indicate a potential problem either with data input or water-level estimates.
\nThree applications of the EDEN-modeled water surfaces and other EDEN datasets are presented in the report to show how scientists and resource managers are using EDEN datasets to analyze biological and ecological responses to hydrologic changes in the Everglades. The biological responses of two important Everglades species, alligators and wading birds, to changes in hydrology are described. The effects of hydrology on fire dynamics in the Everglades are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145209","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Telis, P., Xie, Z., Liu, Z., Li, Y., and Conrads, P., 2015, The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model, version 2: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5209, Report: viii, 42 p. ; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145209.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 42 p. ; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050914","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145209.jpg"},{"id":299239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5209/"},{"id":299240,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5209/pdf/sir2014-5209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299241,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5209/appendix/sir2014-5209_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"58.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 1. Water-level gages used to develop the EDEN surface-water model, version 2."},{"id":299242,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5209/appendix/sir2014-5209_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"14.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 2. Network of benchmarks in greater Everglades used to evaluate EDEN surface-water model."},{"id":299243,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5209/appendix/sir2014-5209_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"39.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 3. Water-level measurements at elevation benchmarks and differences between the modeled surfaces for the EDEN surface-water model, versions 1 and 2."}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 25.12539261151203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551d08a0e4b0256c24f42159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":140030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela A.","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Zhixiao","contributorId":40336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Zhixiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Zhongwei","contributorId":34245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Zhongwei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Yingru","contributorId":140031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yingru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70141336,"text":"sir20155022 - 2015 - Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T11:53:07","indexId":"sir20155022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5022","title":"Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. The potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas at Pahute Mesa and into the accessible environment is greatest by groundwater transport through fractured volcanic rocks. The 12.9 Ma (mega-annums, million years) Calico Hills Formation, which consists of a mixture of rhyolite lava flows and intercalated nonwelded and bedded tuff and pyroclastic flow deposits, occurs in two areas of the Nevada National Security Site. One area is north of the Rainier Mesa caldera, buried beneath Pahute Mesa, and serves as a heterogeneous volcanic-rock aquifer but is only available to study through drilling and is not described in this report. A second accumulation of the formation is south of the Rainier Mesa caldera and is exposed in outcrop along the western boundary of the Nevada National Security Site at the Calico Hills near Yucca Mountain. These outcrops expose in three dimensions an interlayered sequence of tuff and lava flows similar to those intercepted in the subsurface beneath Pahute Mesa. Field description and geologic mapping of these exposures described lithostratigraphic variations within lava flows and assisted in, or at least corroborated, conceptualization of the rhyolite lava-bearing parts of the formation.
\nIn the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface exposures and nearby subsurface equivalents were studied through compilation of geologic maps, new field mapping, subsurface information from boreholes, and data extracted from three-dimensional geologic framework models. Rhyolite lava flows within the Calico Hills Formation are described in terms of lithostratigraphic variations established for rhyolite lava flows in other volcanic fields. In general, the flows consist of a core of crystallized, flow-banded rhyolite lava, surrounded by a carapace of obsidian, commonly mantled by blocky, pumiceous rhyolite lava and flow breccia. Rhyolite lava flows were correlated and mapped on the basis of distinctive appearance in outcrop, stratigraphic sequence, and the presence of stratigraphic markers. Pyroclastic deposits that are spatially, temporally, and genetically related to the rhyolite lava flows consist of a series of intercalated pyroclastic flows, bedded ash-fall, and reworked tuff that have varying amounts of pumice and volcanic rock clasts.
\nIn the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface and subsurface geologic data are combined to interpret the overall thickness of the Calico Hills Formation and the proportion of lava flow lithology across the study area. The formation is at least 500 meters (m) thick and contains the greatest proportion of rhyolite lava flow to the northeast of Yucca Mountain in the lower part of Fortymile Canyon. The formation thins to the south and southwest where it is between 50 and 200 m thick beneath Yucca Mountain and contains no rhyolite lavas. Geologic mapping and field-based correlation of individual lava flows allow for the interpretation of the thickness and extent of specific flows and the location of their source areas. The most extensive flows have widths from 2 to 3 kilometers (km) and lengths of at least 5–6 km. Lava flow thickness varies from 150 to 250 m above interpreted source vents to between 30 and 80 m in more distal locations. Rhyolite lavas have length-to-height ratios of 10:1 or greater and, in one instance, a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 or greater, implying a tongue-shaped geometry instead of circular domes or tabular bodies. Although geologic mapping did not identify any physical feature that could be positively identified as a vent, lava flow thickness and the size of clasts in subjacent pyroclastic deposits suggest that primary vent areas for at least some of the flows in the study area are on the east side of Fortymile Canyon, to the northeast of Yucca Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-NA0001654/004","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Bova, S.C., 2015, Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5022, Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155022.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057359","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155022.jpg"},{"id":299002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/pdf/sir2015-5022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/downloads/sir2015-5022_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Lithologic Description of Calico Hills Formation From Selected Boreholes in the Study Area"},{"id":299001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -115.68603515624999,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -115.68603515624999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f98e4b03238427816b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bova, Shiera C.","contributorId":45607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bova","given":"Shiera","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143528,"text":"fs20153026 - 2015 - Streamflow of 2014: water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T09:23:08","indexId":"fs20153026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3026","title":"Streamflow of 2014: water year summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water year 2014 (October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014) in the context of the 85-year period from 1930 through 2014, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP) (http://water.usgs.gov/nsip/). The period 1930–2014 was used because, prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.
\nIn the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin or other geographic area, such as a State, would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed over the area. Runoff can also be used to quantify the magnitude of water flowing through rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area of the Nation to another.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153026","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Jenter, H.L., and Brady, S., 2015, Streamflow of 2014: water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3026, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153026.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-10-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-062607","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153026.jpg"},{"id":298988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3026/"},{"id":298989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3026/pdf/fs2015-3026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 49.15296965617039\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -68.203125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.59046718130883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 19.020577110966798\n ],\n [\n -65.0830078125,\n 19.020577110966798\n ],\n [\n -65.0830078125,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 17.43451055152291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f99e4b03238427816be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, Harry L. 0000-0002-1307-8785 hjenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-8785","contributorId":228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"hjenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":139910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137830,"text":"sir20155007 - 2015 - Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:30:26","indexId":"sir20155007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5007","title":"Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, assessed hydraulic properties of geologic material, recharge, and evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching on the groundwater resources in the Stoney Brook watershed in the Fond du Lac Reservation. Geologic, groundwater, and surface-water data were collected during 2006–9 to estimate hydrologic properties in the watershed. Streamflow and groundwater levels in the shallow glacial deposits in the Stoney Brook watershed were analyzed to estimate groundwater-flow directions, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration within the watershed and to assess the effect of ditches on surrounding groundwater resources. Groundwater, streamflow, and precipitation data collected during the study (2006–9) can be used to update the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service and Fond du Lac Resource Management Division surface-water models, which are used to evaluate the effect of proposed adjustments to the ditching system on streamflow on wild rice production and aquatic habitats.
\nSpecific yields calculated from the well water levels ranged from 0.11 to 0.40, and hydraulic conductivities determined from water levels measured during well slug tests ranged from 1 to 7 feet per day. The values for specific yields were similar to values obtained in other studies done in glacial materials of similar composition in Minnesota. The higher hydraulic conductivity estimate (7 feet per day) was similar to lower hydraulic conductivities estimated in another hydrologic study conducted in Carlton County, Minnesota.
\nThe installation of drainage ditches in the Stoney Brook watershed has reduced water levels in lakes connected to the ditch system, and has locally reduced groundwater levels in shallow groundwater adjacent to the ditches and lakes. Differences in near-ditch groundwater hydrographs relative to far-ditch groundwater hydrographs indicate that the effect of the ditches on groundwater is only localized to near-ditch areas. These hydrograph differences resulted in large differences between recharge estimated at wells near and far from ditches. In this study, recharge estimated at wells within 50 feet of a ditch was influenced by ditch-water levels. Annual groundwater recharge estimates from water levels and streamflows during 2006–9 ranged from 0.36 to 34.8 inches, and varied with climate, geology, and well location relative to ditches. The higher recharge estimates were determined from analysis of groundwater levels in wells near the ditches because the shallow groundwater in these wells received both infiltration from ditches and areal groundwater recharge from precipitation. The water-table fluctuation method using a manual groundwater recession approach for wells far from ditches provided the best estimates of areal groundwater recharge to the shallow glacial aquifer because water levels in these wells were not affected by water infiltrating from ditches (bank storage). For wells more than 400 feet from ditches, mean annual areal groundwater recharge estimates using the manual groundwater recession approach for wells screened mostly in outwash sands during 2007, 2008, and 2009 ranged from 4.47 to 18.6 inches (wells 5, 7, 13, 14 and 15), and ranged from 0.43 to 2.85 inches for wells screened mostly in clayey sand or sandy clay (wells 9 and 16). Recharge estimates at wells far from ditches were similar to basinwide recharge estimates from streamflow.
\nDaily fluctuations in water levels in two wells indicated that the evapotranspiration extinction depth in the Stoney Brook watershed is approximately 4.6 to 6 feet below the land surface. A polynomial regression fit of the daily evapotranspiration rates during 2006–9 for well 1 produced a total evapotranspiration estimate of 16.1 inches from June 26 to October 6 for every year. Evapotranspiration estimated from daily water-level fluctuations in wells near ditches is relatively high. The ditch-water surface allowed for relatively high evaporation compared to the land surface, which, with a good hydraulic connection to surrounding groundwater, resulted in relatively high fluctuations in daily groundwater levels near ditches, resulting in high evapotranspiration estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., and Tomasek, A.A., 2015, Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5007, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155007.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048896","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155007.jpg"},{"id":298965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5007/"},{"id":298966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5007/pdf/sir2015-5007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fond du Lac Reservation, Stoney Brook watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.64461517333984,\n 46.79488875091874\n ],\n [\n -92.67894744873045,\n 46.79935438115391\n ],\n [\n -92.7187728881836,\n 46.83553581454299\n ],\n [\n -92.7304458618164,\n 46.836944988044465\n ],\n [\n -92.82159805297852,\n 46.7988843322654\n ],\n [\n -92.82142639160156,\n 46.78830714664984\n ],\n [\n -92.80477523803711,\n 46.7660882900233\n ],\n [\n -92.80082702636719,\n 46.71915170604123\n ],\n [\n -92.76477813720702,\n 46.68100772325949\n ],\n [\n -92.70709991455078,\n 46.641422536237094\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 46.641422536237094\n ],\n [\n -92.63980865478514,\n 46.713267047330255\n ],\n [\n -92.62504577636719,\n 46.722682193238484\n ],\n [\n -92.625732421875,\n 46.75773915478246\n ],\n [\n -92.60307312011719,\n 46.76926297371475\n ],\n [\n -92.60307312011719,\n 46.784780956138846\n ],\n [\n -92.64461517333984,\n 46.79488875091874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5513ce17e4b032384276c98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomasek, Abigail A.","contributorId":138614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasek","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141916,"text":"sir20155033 - 2015 - Geospatial assessment of ecological functions and flood-related risks on floodplains along major rivers in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-19T09:50:10","indexId":"sir20155033","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-23T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5033","title":"Geospatial assessment of ecological functions and flood-related risks on floodplains along major rivers in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Ecological functions and flood-related risks were assessed for floodplains along the 17 major rivers flowing into Puget Sound Basin, Washington. The assessment addresses five ecological functions, five components of flood-related risks at two spatial resolutions—fine and coarse. The fine-resolution assessment compiled spatial attributes of floodplains from existing, publicly available sources and integrated the attributes into 10-meter rasters for each function, hazard, or exposure. The raster values generally represent different types of floodplains with regard to each function, hazard, or exposure rather than the degree of function, hazard, or exposure. The coarse-resolution assessment tabulates attributes from the fine-resolution assessment for larger floodplain units, which are floodplains associated with 0.1 to 21-kilometer long segments of major rivers. The coarse-resolution assessment also derives indices that can be used to compare function or risk among different floodplain units and to develop normative (based on observed distributions) standards. The products of the assessment are available online as geospatial datasets (Konrad, 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2SJC).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, Washington State Department of Ecology, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., 2015, Geospatial assessment of ecological functions and flood-related risks on floodplains along major rivers in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5033, Report: v, 28 p.; Flood Plain Unit Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155033.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; Flood Plain Unit Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059005","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155033.PNG"},{"id":299116,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2SJC","text":"Geospatial data on ecological functions and flood-related risks to people on major river floodplains in the Puget Sound basin, Washington","description":"Data Release","linkHelpText":"USGS Data Release"},{"id":298852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298863,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5033/downloads/sir2015-5033_fpu_indices.csv","text":"Indices","size":"151 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"Indices","linkHelpText":"Flood Plain Unit Table"},{"id":298861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5033/pdf/sir2015-5033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298862,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5033/downloads/sir2015-5033_fpu_attributes.csv","text":"Attributes","size":"116 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"Attributes","linkHelpText":"Flood Plain Unit Table"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.64401245117188,\n 48.393649752479995\n ],\n [\n -124.71954345703126,\n 48.38977412459175\n ],\n [\n -124.7281265258789,\n 48.384758167957436\n ],\n [\n -124.3817138671875,\n 48.11843396091691\n ],\n [\n -123.71704101562499,\n 48.00094957553023\n ],\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 47.454094290400015\n ],\n [\n -123.35998535156249,\n 47.28295557691231\n ],\n [\n -123.19244384765625,\n 46.97275640318636\n ],\n [\n -121.97296142578124,\n 46.592843997427416\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 47.14116119721895\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 48.206371336358906\n ],\n [\n -120.60791015625,\n 48.52388120259336\n ],\n [\n -120.59417724609375,\n 48.7362668466753\n ],\n [\n -120.69854736328125,\n 49.44312875803005\n ],\n [\n -121.35910034179688,\n 49.44580743661371\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 49.00004203215395\n ],\n [\n -122.20367431640624,\n 49.0027448364445\n ],\n [\n -122.20367431640624,\n 49.00724918431423\n ],\n [\n -122.20367431640624,\n 49.01445529346132\n ],\n [\n -122.2119140625,\n 49.09185510395163\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 49.09185510395163\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 49.0027448364445\n ],\n [\n -123.12927246093751,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -123.26797485351561,\n 48.6927734325279\n ],\n [\n -123.16909790039062,\n 48.46563710044979\n ],\n [\n -123.10455322265625,\n 48.42373281900577\n ],\n [\n -122.67196655273436,\n 48.39729713260604\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 48.219182942479165\n ],\n [\n -123.09494018554686,\n 48.186232335871836\n ],\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 48.15051192444076\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 48.22101291025667\n ],\n [\n -124.56298828125001,\n 48.36811076994179\n ],\n [\n -124.64401245117188,\n 48.393649752479995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55112b1de4b02e76d75b50b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141851,"text":"sir20155030 - 2015 - Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T12:40:05","indexId":"sir20155030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5030","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13","docAbstract":"This report updates and examines hydrologic data gathered to characterize the performance of two stormwater-control measure (SCM) sites in the Chagrin River watershed, Ohio. At the Sterncrest Drive site, roadside bioswales and rain gardens were used to alleviate drainage problems in this residential neighborhood area. At the Washington Street site, a treatment train (including a pervious-paver system, rain garden, and bioswales) was used to reduce and delay stormwater runoff at a small business development. Selected metrics were used to demonstrate SCM system performance with regard to stormwater-management objectives at each site. Rain-garden overflow-frequency data collected at the Sterncrest Drive site during 2008–13 were used to characterize system sensitivity to rainfall characteristics. Approximately 70 percent of storms exceeding 0.75 inches during 3 hours or more resulted in overflows. Drainage-design features that may restrict flow through the system were identified. Overall, the data and local observations confirmed the continued success of the SCM at the Sterncrest Drive site in preventing roadway closure due to flooding. The additional years of data collected at the Washington Street site indicated that a previous analysis of increased runoff removal, based on only the first 2 years (2009–10) of data, provided premature conclusions. With 5 years of data (2009–13) and adjusting for changes in rainfall characteristics, it appears that the percentage of runoff removed by the system is decreasing; however, the lag time (time from onset of rainfall to runoff) has remained nearly constant. The annual mean percent removal for 2010–13 ranged from 55 to 37 percent with an overall mean of 45 percent, and this does meet the project objective of reducing runoff from the business complex. One possible explanation for the combination of increased volume of runoff and no change in the timing of runoff is the preferential flow paths developed in the SCM, increasing the capacity for internal drainage. Data indicated that the SCM system at the Washington Street site had reduced functionality over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., Shuster, W.D., and Dumouchelle, D.H., 2015, Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5030, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155030.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056876","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155030.jpg"},{"id":298839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5030/"},{"id":298840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5030/pdf/sir2015-5030.pdf","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.47838592529297,\n 41.381703200976666\n ],\n [\n -81.47838592529297,\n 41.45301999377133\n ],\n [\n -81.34620666503906,\n 41.45301999377133\n ],\n [\n -81.34620666503906,\n 41.381703200976666\n ],\n [\n -81.47838592529297,\n 41.381703200976666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369ce4b02e76d759d869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuster, William D.","contributorId":139413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuster","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135764,"text":"sir20145228 - 2015 - Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T09:35:52","indexId":"sir20145228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5228","title":"Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed geophysical logs from 20 test wells and 23 residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site in East Fishkill, New York, from 2006 through 2010 as part of an Interagency Agreement to provide hydrogeologic technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2. The geophysical logs collected include caliper, gamma, acoustic and optical televiewer, deviation, electromagnetic-induction, magnetic-susceptibility, fluid-property, and flow under ambient and pumped conditions. The geophysical logs were analyzed along with single-well aquifer test data and drilling logs to characterize the lithology, fabric, fractures, and flow zones penetrated by the wells. The results of the geophysical log analysis were used as part of the hydrogeologic characterization of the site and in the design of discrete-zone monitoring installations in the test wells and selected residential wells.
\nMost of the logged test and residential wells penetrated gneiss of the Hudson Highlands Complex or dolostones in the Wappinger Group, and some wells penetrated both the dolostone and gneiss. The bedrock fabric reflects the regional northeast-southwest structural trend, as well as localized folding, and includes foliation in the gneiss and bedding in the dolostone. Many fractures were oriented along the bedrock fabric, whereas others were orthogonal to the fabric.
\nTotal wellbore transmissivity of the wells was estimated from short-term, single-well aquifer test data through the use of the Cooper-Jacob analytical solution. An empirical relation was established to estimate total wellbore transmissivity from specific-capacity data for wells with insufficient transient drawdown measurements. Wellbore transmissivity estimates ranged from 0.36 to 370 feet squared per day (ft2/d), whereas specific capacities ranged from 0.03 to 2.1 gallons per minute per foot ((gal/min)/ft).
\nTransmissivity and hydraulic heads of individual fracture zones were estimated from the total wellbore transmissivity and flow logs through use of an analytical model based on the Thiem equation. The model-estimated transmissivity of 95 fracture zones delineated in the 43 wells ranged from 0.25 to 340 ft2/d, with a median value of 6.7 ft2/d. The difference between model-estimated fracture-zone heads and the composite heads in each well ranged from less 0.01 to more than 10 feet (ft). Flow-log analysis generally provided an order of magnitude estimate for the fracture-zone hydraulic-head difference on the basis of a comparison of estimated and measured values.
\nThe geophysical logs and their analyses are available for display and download from the U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, online geophysical log archive (http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/) in LAS (Log ASCII Standard), PDF, and WellCad formats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., Anderson, J.A., and Williams, J., 2015, Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5228, Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145228.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042201","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145228.jpg"},{"id":298824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/pdf/sir2014-5228.pdf","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298825,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/","text":"Geophysical Log Archive","linkHelpText":"The USGS New York Water Science Center has developed an online geophysical log archive where the logs and log analysis of the Shenandoah Road Superfund site wells, as well as many others throughout the State, can be viewed or downloaded."},{"id":298823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/"},{"id":298826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.alt.lu/downloads.htm","text":"WellCad reader download","linkHelpText":"The locations of the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site wells are shown on the index map. The user can zoom-in to the well cluster located just east of Fishkill, N.Y., to expand the view of the wells logged. Clicking on an individual well will bring up a menu of the available log formats, which are LAS, PDF, and WellCad Reader. WellCad Reader is available online free of charge."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Dutchess County","city":"East Fishkill","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.80074501037598,\n 41.5186034007529\n ],\n [\n -73.80074501037598,\n 41.545075129729334\n ],\n [\n -73.7743091583252,\n 41.545075129729334\n ],\n [\n -73.7743091583252,\n 41.5186034007529\n ],\n [\n -73.80074501037598,\n 41.5186034007529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369be4b02e76d759d867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton aanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":1602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139748,"text":"ds918 - 2015 - Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T14:13:31","indexId":"ds918","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"918","title":"Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The BP-3-USGS well was drilled at the southwestern corner of Great Sand Dunes National Park in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 68 feet (ft, 20.7 meters [m]) southwest of the National Park Service’s boundary-piezometer (BP) well 3. BP-3-USGS is located at latitude 37°43ʹ18.06ʺN. and longitude 105°43ʹ39.30ʺW., at an elevation of 7,549 ft (2,301 m). The well was drilled through poorly consolidated sediments to a depth of 326 ft (99.4 m) in September 2009. Water began flowing from the well after penetrating a clay-rich layer that was first intercepted at a depth of 119 ft (36.3 m). The base of this layer, at an elevation of 7,415 ft (2,260 m) above sea level, likely marks the top of a regional confined aquifer recognized throughout much of the San Luis Valley. Approximately 69 ft (21 m) of core was recovered (about 21 percent), almost exclusively from clay-rich zones. Coarser grained fractions were collected from mud extruded from the core barrel or captured from upwelling drilling fluids. Natural gamma-ray, full waveform sonic, density, neutron, resistivity, spontaneous potential, and induction logs were acquired. The well is now plugged and abandoned.
\nThis report presents lithologic descriptions from the well samples and core, along with a compilation and basic data processing of the geophysical logs. The succession of sediments in the well can be generalized into three lithologic packages: (1) mostly sand from the surface to about 77 ft (23.5 m) depth; (2) interbedded sand, silt, and clay, decreasing in overall grain size downward, from 77 to 232 ft (23.5 to 70.7 m) depth; and (3) layers of massive clay alternating with layers of fine sand to silt from 232 to 326 ft (70.7 to 99.4 m), the total depth of the well. The topmost clay layers of the deepest package have a blue tint, prompting a correlation with the “blue clay” of the San Luis Valley that is commonly considered as the top of the confined aquifer. However, a confining clay was intercepted 113 ft (34.4 m) higher than the blue clay in BP-3-USGS.
\nMost of the geophysical logs have good correspondence to the lithologic variations in the well. Exceptions are the gamma-ray log, which is likely affected by naturally occurring radiation from abundant volcanic detritus, and one interval within the deepest lithologic package, which appears to be abnormally electrically conductive. Resistivity logs and variations in sand versus clay content within the well are consistent with electrical resistivity models derived from time-domain electromagnetic geophysical surveys for the area. In particular, the topmost blue clay corresponds to a strong electrical conductor that is prominent in the electromagnetic geophysical data throughout the park and vicinity.
\nBP-3-USGS was sited to test hypotheses developed from geophysical studies and to answer questions about the history and evolution of Pliocene and Pleistocene Lake Alamosa, which is represented by lacustrine deposits sampled by the well. The findings reported here represent a basis from which future studies can answer these questions and address other important scientific questions in the San Luis Valley regarding geologic history and climate change, groundwater hydrology, and geophysical interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds918","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Skipp, G.L., Thomas, J.V., Davis, J.K., and Benson, M.E., 2015, Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 918, Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds918.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059656","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds918.jpg"},{"id":298632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/pdf/ds918.pdf","size":"3.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/LogFiles/","text":"Log files--data for borehole geophysical logs"},{"id":298634,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/PhotoFiles/","text":"Photographs of samples taken onsite"},{"id":298630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dune National Park, Great Sand Dune National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -104.117431640625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -104.117431640625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094222e4b02e76d757d919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Joshua K.","contributorId":138996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benson, Mary Ellen 0000-0002-4424-0730 mbenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-0730","contributorId":4724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Mary","email":"mbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142045,"text":"sir20155031 - 2015 - Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T09:03:43","indexId":"sir20155031","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5031","title":"Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, Southwestern Energy, the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, developed regression equations for estimation of dry season mean monthly flows and harmonic mean flows that are representative of natural streamflow conditions at selected ungaged basins in Arkansas. Observed values of dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow computed from daily-mean flow data were used with basin characteristics to identify significant explanatory variables for multiple-linear-regression equations to estimate predicted values of dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow. Five dry season mean monthly flow regression equations and two harmonic mean flow regression equations were developed using dry season mean monthly flows and harmonic mean flows established for 91 and 93 U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, respectively. The dry season in Arkansas is defined as the months of July through November for this study. For harmonic mean flow calculations and regression equations, the study area is composed of the Springfield-Salem Plateaus (Arkansas and Missouri), Boston Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains (Arkansas and Oklahoma), and West Gulf Coastal Plain (Arkansas) physiographic sections. All continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations used to compute dry season mean monthly flows were located within Arkansas.
\nEquations for two regions were found to be statistically significant for developing regression equations for estimating harmonic mean flows at ungaged basins; thus, equations are applicable only to streams in those respective regions in Arkansas. Regression equations for dry season mean monthly flows are applicable only to streams located throughout Arkansas. All regression equations are applicable only to unaltered streams where flows were not significantly affected by regulation, diversion, or urbanization. The median number of years used for dry season mean monthly flow calculation was 43, and the median number of years used for harmonic mean flow calculations was 34 for region 1 and 43 for region 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Breaker, B.K., 2015, Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas (Version 1: Originally posted March 17, 2015; Version 1.1: June 13, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5031, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155031.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062868","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5031/"},{"id":298613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5031/pdf/sir2015-5031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 36.5184659896759\n ],\n [\n -90.010986328125,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -89.637451171875,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 35.8356283888737\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.55055114384406\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted March 17, 2015; Version 1.1: June 13, 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421ee4b02e76d757d911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breaker, Brian K. 0000-0002-1985-4992 bbreaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-4992","contributorId":4331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breaker","given":"Brian","email":"bbreaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138818,"text":"ds915 - 2015 - Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T16:36:48","indexId":"ds915","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","docAbstract":"Water-quality, hydrological, and ecological data collected from June 2005 through September 2013 from the Little Blue River and smaller streams within the City of Independence, Missouri, are presented in this report. These data were collected as a part of an ongoing cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department to characterize the water quality and ecological condition of Independence streams. The quantities, sources of selected constituents, and processes affecting water quality and aquatic life were evaluated to determine the resulting ecological condition of streams within Independence. Data collected for this study fulfill the municipal separate sewer system permit requirements for the City of Independence and can be used to provide a baseline with which city managers can determine the effectiveness of current (2014) and future best management practices within Independence. Continuous streamflow and water-quality data, collected during base flow and stormflow, included physical and chemical properties, inorganic constituents, common organic micro-constituents, pesticides in streambed sediment and surface water, fecal indicator bacteria and microbial source tracking data, and suspended sediment. Dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and turbidity data were measured continuously at seven sites within Independence. Base-flow and stormflow samples were collected at eight gaged and two ungaged sites. Fecal sources samples were collected for reference for microbial source tracking, and sewage influent samples were collected as additional source samples. Dry-weather screening was done on 11 basins within Independence to identify potential contaminant sources to the streams. Benthic macroinvertebrate community surveys and habitat assessments were done on 10 stream sites and 2 comparison sites outside the city. Sampling and laboratory procedures and quality-assurance and quality-control methods used in data collection for this study are described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds915","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Niesen, S.L., and Christensen, E.D., 2015, Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 915, Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds915.","productDescription":"Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables","startPage":"80","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-059795","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds915.jpg"},{"id":298466,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"170 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":298464,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/"},{"id":298467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"266 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":298468,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table08.xlsx","text":"Table 8","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8"},{"id":298465,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/pdf/ds915.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298469,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table09.xlsx","text":"Table 9","size":"231 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 9"},{"id":298470,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"229 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10"},{"id":298473,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table19.xlsx","text":"Table 19","size":"237 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 19"},{"id":298474,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table21.xlsx","text":"Table 21","size":"282 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 21"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.13964713662539\n ],\n [\n -94.32518005371094,\n 39.13964713662539\n ],\n [\n -94.32518005371094,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.03945298873317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5502aa98e4b02e76d7564e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137387,"text":"sir20155001 - 2015 - Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:18:37","indexId":"sir20155001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5001","title":"Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources, compiled updated low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected continuous-record streamgages in North Carolina. The compilation of updated streamflow statistics provides regulators and planners with relevant hydrologic information reflective of the recent droughts, which can be used to better manage the quantity and quality of streams in North Carolina. Streamflow records available through the 2012 water year1 were used to determine the annual (based on climatic year2) and winter 7-day, 10-year (7Q10, W7Q10) low-flow discharges, the 30-day, 2-year (30Q2) low-flow discharge, and the 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low-flow discharge. Consequently, streamflow records available through March 31, 2012 (or the 2011 climatic year) were used to determine the updated low-flow characteristics. Low-flow characteristics were published for 177 unregulated sites, 56 regulated sites, and 33 sites known or considered to be affected by varying degrees of minor regulation and (or) diversions upstream from the streamgages (266 sites total). The updated 7Q10 discharges were compared for 63 streamgages across North Carolina where (1) long-term streamflow record consisted of 30 or more climatic years of data available as of the 1998 climatic year, and (2) streamflows were not known to be regulated. The 7Q10 discharges did not change for 3 sites, whereas increases and decreases were noted at 5 and 55 sites, respectively. Positive changes (increases) ranged from 4.3 percent (site 362) to 34.1 percent (site 112) with a median of 13.2 percent. Negative percentage changes (decreases) ranged from –3.3 percent (site 514) to –80.0 percent (site 308) with a median of –22.2 percent. The median percentage change for all 63 streamgages was –18.4 percent. Streamflow statistics determined as a part of this compilation included minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges for categorical periods. Flow-duration statistics based on the daily mean discharge records were compiled in this study for the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Flow-duration statistics were determined for each complete water year of record at a streamgage as well as the available period of record (or selected periods if flows were regulated) and selected seasonal, monthly, and calendar day periods. In addition to the streamflow statistics compiled for each of the water years, the number of days the daily mean discharge was at or below the 10th percentile was summed for each water year as well as the number of events during the water year when streamflow was consistently at or below the 10th percentile. All low-flow characteristics for the streamgages were added into the StreamStatsDB, which is a database accessible to users through the recently released USGS StreamStats application for North Carolina. The minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record were updated in the North Carolina StreamStatsDB. However, for the selected seasonal, monthly, calendar day, and annual water year periods, tab-delimited American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) tables of the streamflow statistics are available online to users from a link provided in the StreamStats application. 1The annual period from October 1 through September 30, designated by the year in which the period ends. 2The annual period from April 1 through March 31, designated by the year in which the period begins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J.C., 2016, Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012 (ver. 1.1, March 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5001, 89 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155001.","productDescription":"vii, 89 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051713","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"An alternative method to accessing the streamflow statistcs not provided in the report outside of the StreamStats application http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/north_carolina.html is through the Downloads Directory link above. Tables 3 and 5 in the report provide the low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics, respectively, for the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of records at the streamages. The Downloads directory contains the minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record, each complete water year of record, each calendar day, each month, and selected seasonal periods."},{"id":318508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/pdf/sir20155001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/images/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":298463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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U.S. Geological Survey
3916 Sunset Ridge Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
http://nc.water.usgs.gov/
In the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds in southwestern Montana, there was intensive mining during a 40-year period after the discovery of gold in the early 1860s. Potential effects from the historic mining activities include acid-mine drainage and elevated concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements from mining remnants such as waste rock and tailing piles. In support of remediation efforts, water-quality monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey began in 1997 in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds and has continued to present (2014). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, investigated temporal trends in water quality at 13 sites, including 2 adit (or mine entrance) sites and 11 stream sites. The primary purpose of this report is to present results of trend analysis of specific conductance, selected trace-elements (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic), and suspended sediment for the 13 sites.
\nTrend results for most stream sites in the Boulder River watershed for water years 2000–13 (water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends) indicate decreasing trends in flow-adjusted specific conductance, in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) for most filtered and unfiltered-recoverable trace elements, and in suspended sediment. Overall, magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of metallic contaminants are largest for Bullion Mine tributary at mouth (site 3), Jack Creek at mouth (site 4), and Cataract Creek at Basin (site 8). For sites 3, 4, and 8, magnitudes of decreasing trends generally ranged from about -5 to -10 percent per year. Notably, the watersheds upstream from sites 3, 4, and 8 have been targeted by substantial remediation activities. Consideration of trend patterns among all stream sites in the Boulder River watershed provides strong evidence that remediation activities are the primary cause of decreasing trends in metallic contaminants.
\nTrend results for sites in the Tenmile Creek watershed generally are more variable and difficult to interpret than for sites in the Boulder River watershed. Trend results for Tenmile Creek above City Diversion (site 11) and Minnehaha Creek near Rimini (site 12) for water years 2000–13 indicate decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium, copper, and zinc. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of copper generally are moderate and statistically significant for sites 11 and 12. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium and zinc for site 11 are minor to small and not statistically significant; however, the magnitudes for site 12 are moderate and statistically significant. In general, patterns in FACs for Tenmile Creek near Rimini (site 13) are not well represented by fitted trends within the short data collection period, which might indicate that the trend-analysis structure of the study is not appropriate for describing trends in FACs for site 13. The large decreasing trend in FACs of suspended sediment is the strongest indication of change in water quality during the short period of record for site 13; however, this trend is not statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Clark, M.L., Cleasby, T., and Barnhart, E.P., 2015, Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5008, Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 figures","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-058590","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155008.jpg"},{"id":298429,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix02_table.pdf","text":"Appendix 2 table","size":"70 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2 table"},{"id":298430,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix03_tables.pdf","text":"Appendix 3 tables","size":"400 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3 tables"},{"id":298426,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/"},{"id":298427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/pdf/sir2015-5008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298431,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix03_figures.pdf","text":"Appendix 3 figures","size":"2.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3 figures"},{"id":298428,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix01_tables.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 tables","size":"294 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1 tables"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed, Tenmile Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.10174560546875,\n 46.22402775339081\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 46.63105019776468\n ],\n [\n -112.45811462402342,\n 46.63057868059483\n ],\n [\n -112.46292114257812,\n 46.22284011773094\n ],\n [\n -112.10174560546875,\n 46.22402775339081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65bde4b032384278347d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleasby, Tom 0000-0003-0694-1541 tcleasby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":1137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Tom","email":"tcleasby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142156,"text":"ofr20131024E - 2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70142156,"text":"ofr20131024E - 2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024E","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:56:25","indexId":"ofr20131024E","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","docAbstract":"Correlating laboratory resistivity measurements with geophysical resistivity models helps constrain these models to the geology and lithology of an area. Throughout the Fort Irwin National Training Center area, 111 samples from both cored boreholes and surface outcrops were collected and processed for laboratory measurements. These samples represent various lithologic types that include plutonic and metamorphic (basement) rocks, lava flows, consolidated sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that formed in a series of intermountain basins. Basement rocks, lava flows, and some lithified tuffs are generally resistive (≥100 ohm-meters [Ω·m]) when saturated. Saturated unconsolidated samples are moderately conductive to conductive, with resistivities generally less than 100 Ω·m, and many of these samples are less than 50 Ω·m. The unconsolidated samples can further be separated into two broad groups: (1) younger sediments that are moderately conductive, owing to their limited clay content, and (2) older, more conductive sediments with a higher clay content that reflects substantial amounts of originally glassy volcanic ash subsequently altered to clay. The older sediments are believed to be Tertiary. Time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired near most of the boreholes, and, on the whole, close agreements between laboratory measurements and resistivity models were found.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Bloss, B.R., and Bedrosian, P.A, 2015, Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California, chap. E of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2013-1024, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024E.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 104 p.; Supplemental Data ReadMe; Supplemental Data ZIP","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060545","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":298308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e_README.pdf","text":"Supplemental Data README","size":"78 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data README"},{"id":298310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_supplemental_data.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"362 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Watersheds of three streams, the Mousam River, Branch Brook, and Merriland River in southeastern Maine were investigated from 2010 through 2013 under a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Maine Geological Survey. The Branch Brook watershed previously had been deemed “at risk” by the Maine Geological Survey because of the proportionally large water withdrawals compared to estimates of the in-stream flow requirements for habitat protection. The primary groundwater withdrawals in the study area include a water-supply well in the headwaters of the system and three water-supply wells in the coastal plain near the downstream end of the system. A steady-state groundwater flow model was used to understand the movement of water within the system, to evaluate the water budget and the effect of groundwater withdrawals on streamflows, and to understand streamflow depletion in relation to the State of Maine’s requirements to maintain in-stream flows for habitat protection.
\nDelineation of the simulated groundwater divides compared to the surface-water divides suggests that the groundwater divides in the headwater areas do not exactly correspond to the surface-water divides. Under both pumping and non-pumping conditions, groundwater flows from the headwaters of the Branch Brook watershed into the Mousam River watershed. Pumping in the Mousam River watershed captures a small amount of groundwater from the Branch Brook basin.
\nThe cumulative effect of groundwater withdrawals on base flows in two rivers in the study area (Branch Brook and the Merriland River) was evaluated using the groundwater flow model. Streamflow depletion in the headwaters of Branch Brook was 0.12 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) for the steady-state simulation, or about 10 percent of the average base flow at that location. Downstream on Branch Brook, the total streamflow depletion from all the wells was 0.59 ft3/s, or 3 percent of the average base flow at that location. In the Merriland River downstream from the Merriland River well, the total amount of streamflow depletion was 0.6 ft3/s, or about 7 percent of the average base flow.
\nThe groundwater model was used to evaluate several different scenarios that could affect streamflow and groundwater discharging to the rivers and streams in the study area. The scenarios were (1) no pumping from the water-supply wells; (2) current pumping from the water-supply wells, but simulated drought conditions (25 percent reduction in recharge); (3) current recharge, but with increased pumping from the large water-supply wells; and (4) drought conditions and increased pumping combined.
\nSimulations of increased pumping in the water-supply wells resulted in streamflow depletion in the headwaters of Branch Brook increasing to 16 percent of the headwater base flow. Simulated increases in the pumping in the coastal plain wells increased the amount of streamflow depletion to 6 percent of the flow in Branch Brook and to 8 percent of the flow in the Merriland River. The additional stress of a drought imposed on the model (25 percent less recharge) had a substantial impact on streamflows, as expected. If the simulated drought occurred simultaneously with an increase in pumping, the base flows would be reduced 48 percent in the headwaters of Branch Brook, compared to the no-pumping scenario. Downstream in Branch Brook, the total reduction in flow would be 29 percent of the simulated base flows in the no-pumping scenario, and in the Merriland River, the reduction would be 33 percent of the base flows in the no-pumping scenario.
\nThe study evaluated two different methods of calculating in-stream flow requirements for Branch Brook and the Merriland River—a set of statewide equations used to calculate monthly median flows and the MOVE.1 record-extension technique used on site-specific streamflow measurements. The August median in-stream flow requirement in the Merriland River was calculated as 7.18 ft3/s using the statewide equations but was 3.07 ft3/s using the MOVE.1 analysis. In Branch Brook, the August median in-stream flow requirements were calculated as 20.3 ft3/s using the statewide equations and 11.8 ft3/s using the MOVE.1 analysis. In each case, using site-specific data yields an estimate of in-stream flow that is much lower than an estimate the statewide equations provide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Locke, D.B., 2015, Simulation of groundwater flow and streamflow depletion in the Branch Brook, Merriland River, and parts of the Mousam River watersheds in southern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5235, x, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145235.","productDescription":"x, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057435","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145235.jpg"},{"id":298272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5235/"},{"id":298273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5235/pdf/sir2014-5235.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Branch Brook, Merriland River, Mousam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.303944586803205\n ],\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.4576541092803\n ],\n [\n -70.49789428710938,\n 43.4576541092803\n ],\n [\n -70.49789428710938,\n 43.303944586803205\n ],\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.303944586803205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cb0e4b02419550d99e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Daniel B.","contributorId":131153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7257,"text":"Maine Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139227,"text":"ds916 - 2015 - Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T08:39:00","indexId":"ds916","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-03T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"916","title":"Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to present geochronologic data for unaltered volcanic rocks, hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, and mineral deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills and Pliocene to Pleistocene Aurora volcanic fields of east-central California and west-central Nevada. Most of the data presented here were derived from samples collected between 2000–13, but some of the geochronologic data, compiled from a variety of sources, pertain to samples collected during prior investigations. New data presented here (tables 1 and 2; Appendixes 1–3) were acquired in three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 40Ar/39Ar labs by three different geochronologists: Robert J. Fleck (Menlo Park, CA), Lawrence W. Snee (Denver, CO), and Michael A. Cosca (Denver, CO). Analytical methods and data derived from each of these labs are presented separately.
\nThe middle to late Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field (BHVF) is a large (>700 km2), long-lived (~9 million years [m.y.]), episodic eruptive complex (John and others, 2012) in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc (du Bray and others, written commun., 2015) north of Mono Lake and east of Bridgeport, California (fig. 1). The field is near the west edge of the Walker Lane and the northwest edge of the Mina deflection where structures related to these shear zones may have localized magmatism. The Walker Lane (fig. 1) is a broad, northwest-striking zone of right-lateral shear that accommodates right-lateral motion between the Pacific and North America plates; the Mina deflection constitutes a 60-km-long right step in the Walker Lane (Faulds and Henry, 2008; Oldow, 1992, 2003; Stewart, 1988). The Bodie Hills volcanic field includes at least 31 volcanic rock units erupted from 21 significant volcanic eruptive centers.
\nFour trachyandesite stratovolcanoes developed along the margins of the volcanic field and numerous silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes erupted more centrally. Volcanism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field peaked at two periods, ~15.0 to 12.6 million years before present (Ma) and ~9.9 to 8.0 Ma, which were dominated by emplacement of large stratovolcanoes and large silicic trachyandesite-dacite lava domes, respectively. A final period of small-volume silicic dome emplacement began in the western part of the volcanic field at ~6 Ma and culminated at ~5.5 Ma (John and others, 2012).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds916","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., du Bray, E.A., John, D.A., Vikre, P., Cosca, M.A., Snee, L., and Box, S.E., 2015, Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 916, Report: iii, 26 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds916.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 26 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060692","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds916.gif"},{"id":298232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/"},{"id":298233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_report.pdf","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298234,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"709 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of CO2-laser-fusion and resistance-furnace incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."},{"id":298236,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix3.xls","text":"Appendix 3","size":"26 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of CO2-laser incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar experiments (Denver lab, Cosca) for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."},{"id":298235,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","size":"101 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of furnace incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar experiments (Denver lab, Snee) for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Bodie Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.32250976562499,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -119.32250976562499,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -118.7017822265625,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -118.7017822265625,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -119.32250976562499,\n 38.013476231041935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f6db29e4b02419550d3092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 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mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70142095,"text":"ds909 - 2015 - Hydrographic surveys at seven chutes and three backwaters on the Missouri River in Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T11:22:33","indexId":"ds909","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-02T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"909","title":"Hydrographic surveys at seven chutes and three backwaters on the Missouri River in Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri, 2011-13","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey cooperated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Omaha District, to complete hydrographic surveys of seven chutes and three backwaters on the Missouri River yearly during 2011–13. These chutes and backwaters were constructed by the USACE to increase the amount of available shallow water habitat (SWH) to support threatened and endangered species, as required by the amended “2000 Biological Opinion” on the operation of the Missouri River main-stem reservoir system. Chutes surveyed included Council chute, Plattsmouth chute, Tobacco chute, Upper Hamburg chute, Lower Hamburg chute, Kansas chute, and Deroin chute. Backwaters surveyed included Ponca backwater, Plattsmouth backwater, and Langdon backwater. Hydrographic data from these chute and backwater surveys will aid the USACE to assess the current (2011–13) amount of available SWH, the effects river flow have had on evolving morphology of the chutes and backwaters, and the functionality of the chute and backwater designs. Chutes and backwaters were surveyed from August through November 2011, June through November 2012, and May through October 2013. During the 2011 surveys, high water was present at all sites because of the major flooding on the Missouri River. The hydrographic survey data are published along with this report in comma-separated-values (csv) format with associated metadata.
\nHydrographic surveys included bathymetric and Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System surveys. Hydrographic data were collected along transects extending across the channel from top of bank to top of bank. Transect segments with water depths greater than 1 meter were surveyed using a single-beam echosounder to measure depth and a differentially corrected global positioning system to measure location. These depth soundings were converted to elevation using water-surface-elevation information collected with a Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System. Transect segments with water depths less than 1 meter were surveyed using Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Surveyed features included top of bank, toe of bank, edge of water, sand bars, and near-shore areas.
\nDischarge was measured at chute survey sites, in both the main channel of the Missouri River upstream from the chute and the chute. Many chute entrances and control structures were damaged by floodwater during the 2011 Missouri River flood, allowing a larger percentage of the total Missouri River discharge to flow through the chute than originally intended in the chute design. Measured discharge split between the main channel and the chute at most chutes was consistent with effects of the 2011 Missouri River flood damages and a larger percent of the total Missouri River discharge was flowing through the chute than originally intended. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers repaired many of these chutes in 2012 and 2013, and the resulting hydraulic changes are reflected in the discharge splits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds909","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Krahulik, J., Densmore, B.K., Anderson, K.J., and Kavan, C.L., 2015, Hydrographic surveys at seven chutes and three backwaters on the Missouri River in Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 909, Report: vi, 28 p.; 10 Figures: 8.5 inches x 11 inches; GIS Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds909.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; 10 Figures: 8.5 inches x 11 inches; GIS Datasets","startPage":"28","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057194","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science 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jkrahuli@usgs.gov","contributorId":5855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahulik","given":"Justin R.","email":"jkrahuli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Kayla J. kjanderson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kayla","email":"kjanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science 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Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3014","title":"Maine StreamStats: a water-resources web application","docAbstract":"Maine StreamStats is a tool that any user with Internet access can use to delineate a basin on the fly and estimate a wide variety of streamflow statistics for ungaged sites on rivers and streams in Maine. Estimates are based on regression equations or are from data from similar gaged locations on the stream. Maine StreamStats is based on a national StreamStats application that can be used for streamflow estimates in many other states across the country.
\nReports referenced in this fact sheet present the regression equations used to estimate the flow statistics, describe the errors associated with the estimates, and describe the methods used to develop the equations and to measure the basin characteristics used in the equations. Limitations of the methods are also described in the reports; for example, all of the equations are appropriate only for ungaged, unregulated, rural streams in Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Maine Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2015, Maine StreamStats: a water-resources web application: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3014, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153014.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063510","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153014.jpg"},{"id":298150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3014/pdf/fs2015-3014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"739 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298151,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://streamstats.usgs.gov/","text":"Maine StreamStats","linkHelpText":"a geographic information system-based Web application of the U.S. Geological Survey, is a tool for calculating basin characteristics and streamflow statistics for user-selected sites on streams in Maine."},{"id":298149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3014/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043aee4b02419550ce868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. plombard@usgs.gov","contributorId":871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","email":"plombard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128289,"text":"sim3311 - 2015 - Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T13:27:04","indexId":"sim3311","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3311","title":"Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer is the primary source of fresh groundwater for public supply as well as industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses in several parishes in northwestern Louisiana, including Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, De Soto, Natchitoches, Red River, Sabine, and Webster. In 2010, about 19 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in Louisiana. This is an increase of over 6 Mgal/d from 1990 withdrawal amounts. The largest increase in withdrawals occurred in Caddo (3.79 Mgal/d) and De Soto Parishes (2.32 Mgal/d), whereas the largest decrease in withdrawals occurred in Natchitoches Parish (1.17 Mgal/d). Groundwater withdrawals from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer have caused water-level declines throughout much of the aquifer in the study area. Additional knowledge about the effects of withdrawals on water levels and flow directions in the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer are needed to assess current conditions in the aquifer. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources began a study to document current water levels and water-level changes in selected aquifers.
\nThis report presents data and maps that illustrate the potentiometric surface of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer during March–May 2013 and water-level differences from 1991 to 2013. The potentiometric surface map can be used for determining the direction of groundwater flow, hydraulic gradients, and effects of withdrawals on the groundwater resource. The rate of groundwater movement also can be estimated from the gradient when the hydraulic conductivity is applied. Water-level data collected for this study are stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) and are on file at the USGS office in Baton Rouge, La.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3311","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fendick, R., and Carter, K., 2015, Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3311, 44.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3311.","productDescription":"44.0 x 34.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057693","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3311.jpg"},{"id":298025,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3311/"},{"id":298031,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3311/pdf/sim3311.pdf","text":"Map","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.194007509998823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7eee4b02d776a669ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Kayla kcarter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Kayla","email":"kcarter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141204,"text":"ofr20141256 - 2015 - Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T14:32:39","indexId":"ofr20141256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1256","title":"Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began monitoring the saltwater interface near Lake Okeechobee to evaluate changes in interface depth that could possibly be related to the repair of the Herbert Hoover Dike. A seepage barrier (or cut-off wall), installed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is a wall of grout designed to protect the Herbert Hoover Dike from internal erosion caused by the piping of water. The seepage barrier prevents water from flowing through or immediately under the dike by diverting the flow below the dike, into the surficial aquifer system. The seepage barrier extends below the saltwater interface in some areas. Monitoring consisted of collecting water samples and time series electromagnetic-induction log (TSEMIL) datasets from 10 well clusters, each of which have 1 shallow and 1 deep monitoring well, with 5- to 10-foot- (ft) long-screened intervals. The deep wells are 120 to 187 ft deep, and the shallow wells are 44 to 100 ft deep.
\nChanges in the depth of the saltwater interface were identified that correspond closely to the depth of the bottom of the seepage barrier. These changes may have been the consequence of changes in groundwater flow initiated by the seepage barrier installation. In areas of the dike where a seepage barrier had not been installed, or where the bottom of the seepage barrier is well above the saltwater interface, monitoring detected no changes in the depth of the saltwater interface.
\nAt five of the monitoring-well cluster locations, a long-screened well was also installed for monitoring and comparison purposes. These long-screened wells are 160 to 200 ft deep, and have open intervals ranging from 145 to 185 ft in length. Water samples were collected at depth intervals of about 5 to 10 ft, using 3-ft-long straddle packers to isolate each sampling interval. The results of monitoring conducted using these long-screened interval wells were generally too variable to identify any changes that might be associated with the seepage barrier. Samples from one of these long-screened interval wells failed to detect the saltwater interface evident in samples and TSEMIL datasets from a collocated well cluster. This failure may have been caused by downward flow of freshwater from above the saltwater interface in the well bore.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141256","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., and Valderrama, R., 2015, Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1256, Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141256.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058177","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141256.jpg"},{"id":297979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected long-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/pdf/ofr2014-1256.pdf","size":"6.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297980,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected short-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2028e4b08de9379b3a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valderrama, Robert rvalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":5710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valderrama","given":"Robert","email":"rvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140587,"text":"fs20143098 - 2015 - Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T14:43:33","indexId":"fs20143098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-09T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3098","title":"Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources","docAbstract":"The BCM is a fine-scale hydrologic model that uses detailed maps of soils, geology, topography, and transient monthly or daily maps of potential evapotranspiration, air temperature, and precipitation to generate maps of recharge, runoff, snow pack, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit. With these comprehensive environmental inputs and experienced scientific analysis, the BCM provides resource managers with important hydrologic and ecologic understanding of a landscape or basin at hillslope to regional scales. The model is calibrated using historical climate and streamflow data over the range of geologic materials specific to an area. Once calibrated, the model is used to translate climate-change data into hydrologic responses for a defined landscape, to provide managers an understanding of potential ecological risks and threats to water supplies and managed hydrologic systems. Although limited to estimates of unimpaired hydrologic conditions, estimates of impaired conditions, such as agricultural demand, diversions, or reservoir outflows can be incorporated into the calibration of the model to expand its utility. Additionally, the model can be linked to other models, such as groundwater-flow models (that is, MODFLOW) or the integrated hydrologic model (MF-FMP), to provide information about subsurface hydrologic processes. The model can be applied at a relatively small scale, but also can be applied to large-scale national and international river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143098","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Thorne, J.H., 2015, Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3098, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143098.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045835","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143098.JPG"},{"id":297877,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3098/pdf/fs2014-3098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297875,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3098/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ee4b08de9379b301c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorne, James H.","contributorId":139144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12659,"text":"U C Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134473,"text":"sir20145220 - 2015 - Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T12:59:44","indexId":"sir20145220","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5220","title":"Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010","docAbstract":"The lakes, rivers, and streams of New York State provide an essential water resource for the State. The information provided by time series hydrologic data is essential to understanding ways to promote healthy instream ecology and to strengthen the scientific basis for sound water management decision making in New York. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, has developed the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool to estimate a daily mean hydrograph for the period from October 1, 1960, to September 30, 2010, at ungaged locations across the State. The New York Streamflow Estimation Tool produces a complete estimated daily mean time series from which daily flow statistics can be estimated. In addition, the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool provides a means for quantitative flow assessments at ungaged locations that can be used to address the objectives of the Clean Water Act—to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.
\nThe New York Streamflow Estimation Tool uses data from the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow network for selected streamgages in New York (excluding Long Island) and surrounding States with shared hydrologic boundaries, and physical and climate basin characteristics to estimate the natural unaltered streamflow at ungaged stream locations. The unaltered streamflow is representative of flows that are minimally altered by regulation, diversion, or mining, and other anthropogenic activities. With the streamflow network data, flow-duration exceedance probability equations were developed to estimate unaltered streamflow exceedance probabilities at an ungaged location using a methodology that equates streamflow as a percentile from a flow-duration curve for a particular day at a hydrologically similar reference streamgage with streamflow as a percentile from the flow-duration curve for the same day at an ungaged location. The reference streamgage is selected using map correlation, a geostatistical method in which variogram models are developed that correlate streamflow at one streamgage with streamflows at all other locations in the study area. Regression equations used to predict 17 flow-duration exceedance probabilities were developed to estimate the flow-duration curves at ungaged locations for New York using geographic information system-derived basin characteristics.
\nA graphical user interface, with an integrated spreadsheet summary report, has been developed to estimate and display the daily mean streamflows and statistics and to evaluate different water management or water withdrawal scenarios with the estimated monthly data. This package of regression equations, U.S. Geological Survey streamgage data, and spreadsheet application produces an interactive tool to estimate an unaltered daily streamflow hydrograph and streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in New York. Among other uses, the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool can assist water managers with permitting water withdrawals, implementing habitat protection, estimating contaminant loads, or determining the potential affect from chemical spills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Gazoorian, C.L., 2015, Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5220, Report: viii, 29 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes; NYSET application, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145220.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes; NYSET application","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055442","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145220.jpg"},{"id":297792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/"},{"id":297793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/pdf/sir2014-5220.pdf"},{"id":297794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_readme.pdf","text":"Readme Appendix 1-5","size":"58 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297795,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_app1-4.pdf","text":"Appendix 1-4 PDF","size":"308 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297796,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_app1-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-4 XLS","size":"75 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297797,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/SIR2014-5220_app5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"696 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"User’s Guide for the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool (NYSET) version 1.0"},{"id":297798,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/nyset/","text":"NYSET application","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -73.773193359375,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -73.223876953125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -79.068603515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a74e4b08de9379b3070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazoorian, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5408-6212 cgazoori@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-6212","contributorId":2929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazoorian","given":"Christopher","email":"cgazoori@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137267,"text":"sir20145237 - 2015 - Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system of the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T09:37:21","indexId":"sir20145237","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5237","title":"Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system of the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A regional, two-dimensional, steady-state groundwater-flow model was developed to simulate the groundwater-flow system and groundwater/surface-water interactions within the Menominee Indian Reservation. The model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, to contribute to the fundamental understanding of the region’s hydrogeology. The objectives of the regional model were to improve understanding of the groundwater-flow system, including groundwater/surface-water interactions, and to develop a tool suitable for evaluating the effects of potential regional water-management programs. The computer code GFLOW was used because of the ease with which the model can simulate groundwater/surface-water interactions, provide a framework for simulating regional groundwater-flow systems, and be refined in a stepwise fashion to incorporate new data and simulate groundwater-flow patterns at multiple scales. Simulations made with the regional model reproduce groundwater levels and stream base flows representative of recent conditions (1970–2013) and illustrate groundwater-flow patterns with maps of (1) the simulated water table and groundwater-flow directions, (2) probabilistic areas contributing recharge to high-capacity pumped wells, and (3) estimation of the extent of infiltrated wastewater from treatment lagoons.
\nThe groundwater-flow model described in this report simulates the major hydrogeologic features of the modeled area, including surficial unconsolidated aquifers, groundwater/surface-water interactions, and groundwater withdrawals from existing high-capacity production wells. Areas contributing recharge to pumped high-capacity wells on the Menominee Indian Reservation were delineated by tracking simulated water particles from the water table to wells in combination with Monte Carlo techniques, and maps of the probability of capture for each well nest were produced. Groundwater-agebased areas contributing recharge to wells were simulated by using the calibrated set of parameters and porosity values adjusted to account for bias in simulated saturated thickness. Simulations were performed for current (2013) pumping rates. The simulations show a range in sensitivity of the simulated areas contributing recharge to wells given the parameters evaluated through the Monte Carlo analysis. The areas contributing recharge to supply wells for the villages of Zoar and Neopit are long and narrow, with a sharp gradation from high to low probability of capture. The areas contributing recharge to supply wells for Middle Village and the village of Keshena exhibit a sharp gradation from high to low probability over a relatively small area between the well and a local groundwater mound. The highest probability areas contributing recharge to the supply wells for the Villages of Onekewat and Redwing are in the immediate vicinity of the wells. These wells also have an extensive area with low probability for capturing water that is likely due to a locally low hydraulic gradient and the large degree of uncertainty associated with the lakebed resistance parameters that control interaction between groundwater and local lakes. Additional field investigations and associated local model refinements would facilitate further reductions in uncertainty associated with simulated areas contributing recharge to the wells.
\nThe likely extent of the Neopit wastewater plume was simulated by using the groundwater-flow model and Monte Carlo techniques to evaluate the sensitivity of predictive simulations to a range of model parameter values. Wastewater infiltrated from the currently operating lagoons flows predominantly south toward Tourtillotte Creek. Some of the infiltrated wastewater is simulated as having a low probability of flowing beneath Tourtillotte Creek to the nearby West Branch Wolf River. Results for the probable extent of the wastewater plume are considered to be qualitative because the method only considers advective flow and does not account for processes affecting contaminant transport in porous media. Therefore, results for the probable extent of the wastewater plume are sensitive to the number of particles used to represent flow from the lagoon and the resolution of a synthetic grid used for the analysis. Nonetheless, it is expected that the qualitative results may be of use for identifying potential downgradient areas of concern that can then be evaluated using the quantitative “area contributing recharge to wells” method or traditional contaminant-transport simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145237","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Dunning, C., 2015, Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system of the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5237, Report: vi, 40 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145237.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051827","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145237.jpg"},{"id":297770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5237/pdf/sir2014-5237.pdf","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5237/appendix/sir2014-5237_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"43 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Data from auger surveys near the Villages of Neopit, Zoar, and Keshena."},{"id":297768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5237/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Menominee Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.98376464843749,\n 45.11133093583214\n ],\n [\n -88.98239135742188,\n 44.94633342311665\n ],\n [\n -88.73794555664062,\n 44.94438944516438\n ],\n [\n -88.7310791015625,\n 44.85100108620397\n ],\n [\n -88.47152709960938,\n 44.8490538825394\n ],\n [\n -88.472900390625,\n 45.11326925230233\n ],\n [\n -88.98376464843749,\n 45.11133093583214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab4e4b08de9379b3192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}