{"pageNumber":"46","pageRowStart":"1125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1769,"records":[{"id":70022934,"text":"70022934 - 2000 - Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:36:00","indexId":"70022934","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","docAbstract":"On December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander and Mars Microprobes will land on the planet's south polar layered deposits near (76°S, 195°W) and conduct the first in situ studies of the planet's polar regions. The scientific goals of these missions address several poorly understood and globally significant issues, such as polar meteorology, the composition and volatile content of the layered deposits, the erosional state and mass balance of their surface, their possible relationship to climate cycles, and the nature of bright and dark aeolian material. Derived thermal inertias of the southern layered deposits are very low (50-100 J m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), suggesting that the surface down to a depth of a few centimeters is generally fine grained or porous and free of an appreciable amount of rock or ice. The landing site region is smoother than typical cratered terrain on ∼1 km pixel<sup>-1</sup> Viking Orbiter images but contains low-relief texture on ∼5 to 100 m pixel<sup>-1</sup> Mariner 9 and Mars Global Surveyor images. The surface of the southern deposits is older than that of the northern deposits and appears to be modified by aeolian erosion or ablation of ground ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001108","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Vasavada, A., Williams, J., Paige, D.A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Bridges, N.T., Greeley, R., Murray, B.C., Bass, D.S., and McBride, K.S., 2000, Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E3, p. 6961-6969, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6961","endPage":"6969","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fb9e4b08c986b31e7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":84125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":90507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan T.","contributorId":45005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, Bruce C.","contributorId":61992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bass, Deborah S.","contributorId":36718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McBride, Karen S.","contributorId":9817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022325,"text":"70022325 - 2000 - Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:47:07","indexId":"70022325","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3550,"text":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","printIssn":"0894-802X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane","docAbstract":"<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Kansas has large amounts of bituminous coal both at the surface and in the subsurface of eastern Kansas. Preliminary studies indicate at least 53 billion tons (48 billion MT) of deep coal [>100 ft (>30 m)] determined from 32 different coal beds. Strippable coal resources at a depth < 100 ft (<30 m) total 2.8 billion tons (2.6 billion MT), and this total is determined from 17 coals. Coal beds present in the Cherokee Group (Middle Pennsylvanian) represent most of these coal resource totals. Deep coal beds with the largest resource totals include the Bevier, Mineral, \\&quot;Aw\\&quot; (unnamed coal bed), Riverton, and Weir-Pittsburg coals, all within the Cherokee Group. Based on chemical analyses, coals in the southeastern part of the state are generally high volatile A bituminous, whereas coals in the east-central and northeastern part of the state are high-volatile B bituminous coals. The primary concern of coal beds in Kansas for deep mining or development of coalbed methane is the thin nature [<2 ft (0.6 m)] of most coal beds. Present production of coalbed methane is centered mainly in the southern Wilson/northern Montgomery County area of southeastern Kansas where methane is produced from the Mulky, Weir-Pittsburg, and Riverton coals.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:8403202,&quot;4&quot;:[null,2,16777215],&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Inconsolata, monospace, arial, sans, sans-serif&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;26&quot;:400}\" data-sheets-formula=\"=VLOOKUP(R[0]C[-5],Fixed!R2C[-6]:C[-4],3,false)\">Kansas has large amounts of bituminous coal both at the surface and in the subsurface of eastern Kansas. Preliminary studies indicate at least 53 billion tons (48 billion MT) of deep coal [&gt;100 ft (&gt;30 m)] determined from 32 different coal beds. Strippable coal resources at a depth &lt; 100 ft (&lt;30 m) total 2.8 billion tons (2.6 billion MT), and this total is determined from 17 coals. Coal beds present in the Cherokee Group (Middle Pennsylvanian) represent most of these coal resource totals. Deep coal beds with the largest resource totals include the Bevier, Mineral, \"Aw\" (unnamed coal bed), Riverton, and Weir-Pittsburg coals, all within the Cherokee Group. Based on chemical analyses, coals in the southeastern part of the state are generally high volatile A bituminous, whereas coals in the east-central and northeastern part of the state are high-volatile B bituminous coals. The primary concern of coal beds in Kansas for deep mining or development of coalbed methane is the thin nature [&lt;2 ft (0.6 m)] of most coal beds. Present production of coalbed methane is centered mainly in the southern Wilson/northern Montgomery County area of southeastern Kansas where methane is produced from the Mulky, Weir-Pittsburg, and Riverton coals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","issn":"0894-802X","usgsCitation":"Brady, L.L., 2000, Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane: The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 75, no. 2-3, p. 122-133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"75","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4056e4b0c8380cd64c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022698,"text":"70022698 - 2000 - A review of the contrasting behavior of two magmatic volatiles: Chlorine and carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022698","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A review of the contrasting behavior of two magmatic volatiles: Chlorine and carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Chlorine (Cl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are common magmatic volatiles with contrasting behaviors. CO2 solubility increases with pressure whereas Cl solubility shows relatively little pressure or temperature effect. CO2 speciation changes with silicate melt composition, dissolving as carbonate in basaltic magmas and molecular CO2 in more silicic compositions. In H2O-bearing systems, the strongly non-ideal behavior of alkali chlorides causes unmixing of the volatile phase to form a H2O-rich vapor and a hydrosaline phase with important implications for the maximum concentration of Cl in magmas. Addition of CO2 to magma hastens immiscibility at crustal pressures (<500 MPa), inducing the formation of CO2-rich vapors and Cl-rich hydrosaline melts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Chlorine (Cl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are common magmatic volatiles with contrasting behaviors. CO2 solubility increases with pressure whereas Cl solubility shows relatively little pressure or temperature effect. CO2 speciation changes with silicate melt composition, dissolving as carbonate in basaltic magmas and molecular CO2 in more silicic compositions. In H2O-bearing systems, the strongly non-ideal behavior of alkali chlorides causes unmixing of the volatile phase to form a H2O-rich vapor and a hydrosaline phase with important implications for the maximum concentration of Cl in magmas. Addition of CO2 to magma hastens immiscibility at crustal pressures (<500 MPa), inducing the formation of CO2-rich vapors and Cl-rich hydrosaline melts.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","conferenceTitle":"Geofluids III - 3rd International Conference on Fluid Evolution, Migration and Interaction in Sedimentary Basins and Orogenic Belts","conferenceDate":"12 July 2000 through 14 July 2000","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00075-3","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., 2000, A review of the contrasting behavior of two magmatic volatiles: Chlorine and carbon dioxide, <i>in</i> Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 69-70, Barcelona, Spain, 12 July 2000 through 14 July 2000, p. 287-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00075-3.","startPage":"287","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00075-3"},{"id":233600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69-70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e558e4b0c8380cd46cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022877,"text":"70022877 - 2000 - Volcanic lake systematics II. Chemical constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T14:43:17","indexId":"70022877","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Volcanic lake systematics II. Chemical constraints","docAbstract":"<p>A database of 373 lake water analyses from the published literature was compiled and used to explore the geochemical systematics of volcanic lakes. Binary correlations and principal component analysis indicate strong internal coherence among most chemical parameters. Compositional variations are influenced by the flux of magmatic volatiles and/or deep hydrothermal fluids. The chemistry of the fluid entering a lake may be dominated by a high-temperature volcanic gas component or by a lower-temperature fluid that has interacted extensively with volcanic rocks. Precipitation of minerals like gypsum and silica can strongly affect the concentrations of Ca and Si in some lakes. A much less concentrated geothermal input fluid provides the mineralized components of some more dilute lakes. Temporal variations in dilution and evaporation rates ultimately control absolute concentrations of dissolved constituents, but not conservative element ratios.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most volcanic lake waters, and presumably their deep hydrothermal fluid inputs, classify as immature acid fluids that have not equilibrated with common secondary silicates such as clays or zeolites. Many such fluids may have equilibrated with secondary minerals earlier in their history but were re-acidified by mixing with fresh volcanic fluids. We use the concept of 'degree of neutralization' as a new parameter to characterize these acid fluids. This leads to a classification of gas-dominated versus rock-dominated lake waters. A further classification is based on a cluster analysis and a hydrothermal speedometer concept which uses the degree of silica equilibration of a fluid during cooling and dilution to evaluate the rate of fluid equilibration in volcano-hydrothermal systems.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00182-1","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Pasternack, G., and Rowe, G., 2000, Volcanic lake systematics II. Chemical constraints, v. 97, no. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00182-1.","startPage":"161","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00182-1"},{"id":233540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2fae4b08c986b32aeb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pasternack, G.B.","contributorId":70566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasternack","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":54242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022737,"text":"70022737 - 2000 - Fumaroles in ice caves on the summit of Mount Rainier: preliminary stable isotope, gas, and geochemical studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:29:54","indexId":"70022737","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Fumaroles in ice caves on the summit of Mount Rainier: preliminary stable isotope, gas, and geochemical studies","docAbstract":"<p>The edifice of Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, has episodically collapsed leading to major debris flows. The largest debris flows are related to argillically altered rock which leave areas of the edifice prone to failure. The argillic alteration results from the neutralization of acidic magmatic gases that condense in a meteoric water hydrothermal system fed by the melting of a thick mantle of glacial ice. Two craters atop a 2000-year-old cone on the summit of the volcano contain the world's largest volcanic ice-cave system. In the spring of 1997 two active fumaroles (T=62°C) in the caves were sampled for stable isotopic, gas, and geochemical studies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Stable isotope data on fumarole condensates show significant excess deuterium with calculated δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O values (−234 and −33.2‰, respectively) for the vapor that are consistent with an origin as secondary steam from a shallow water table which has been heated by underlying magmatic–hydrothermal steam. Between 1982 and 1997, δD of the fumarole vapor may have decreased by 30‰.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The compositions of fumarole gases vary in time and space but typically consist of air components slightly modified by their solubilities in water and additions of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>. The elevated CO<sub>2</sub> contents δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> = -11.8±0.7‰, with spikes of over 10,000 ppm, require the episodic addition of magmatic components into the underlying hydrothermal system. Although only traces of H<sub>2</sub>S were detected in the fumaroles, most notably in a sample which had an air δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> signature (−8.8‰), incrustations around a dormant vent containing small amounts of acid sulfate minerals (natroalunite, minamiite, and woodhouseite) indicate higher H<sub>2</sub>S (or possibly SO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations in past fumarolic gases.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Condensate samples from fumaroles are very dilute, slightly acidic, and enriched in elements observed in the much higher temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens (K and Na up to the ppm level; metals such as Al, Pb, Zn Fe and Mn up to the ppb level and volatiles such as Cl, S, and F up to the ppb level).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The data indicate that the hydrothermal system in the edifice at Mount Rainier consists of meteoric water reservoirs, which receive gas and steam from an underlying magmatic system. At present the magmatic system is largely flooded by the meteoric water system. However, magmatic components have episodically vented at the surface as witnessed by the mineralogy of incrustations around inactive vents and gas compositions in the active fumaroles. The composition of fumarole gases during magmatic degassing is distinct and, if sustained, could be lethal. The extent to which hydrothermal alteration is currently occurring at depth, and its possible influence on future edifice collapse, may be determined with the aid of on site analyses of fumarole gases and seismic monitoring in the ice caves.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00180-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 2000, Fumaroles in ice caves on the summit of Mount Rainier: preliminary stable isotope, gas, and geochemical studies, v. 97, no. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00180-8.","startPage":"457","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487441,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(99)00180-8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00180-8"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140fe4b0c8380cd548b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landis, G. P.","contributorId":102846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022363,"text":"70022363 - 2000 - Influence of acid volatile sulfides and metal concentrations on metal partitioning in contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T19:28:14.15264","indexId":"70022363","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of acid volatile sulfides and metal concentrations on metal partitioning in contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The influence of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) on the partitioning of Cd, Ni, and Zn in porewater (PW) and sediment as reactive metals (SEM, simultaneously extracted metals) was investigated in laboratory microcosms. Two spiking procedures were compared, and the effects of vertical geochemical gradients and infaunal activity were evaluated. Sediments were spiked with a Cd−Ni−Zn mixture (0.06, 3, 7.5 μmol/g, respectively) containing four levels of AVS (0.5, 7.5, 15, 35 μmol/g). The results were compared to sediments spiked with four levels of Cd−Ni−Zn mixtures at one AVS concentration (7.5 μmol/g). A vertical redox gradient was generated in each treatment by an 18-d incubation with an oxidized water column. [AVS] in the surface sediments decreased by 65−95% due to oxidation during incubation; initial [AVS] was maintained at 0.5−7.5 cm depth. PW metal concentrations were correlated with [SEM − AVS] among all data. But PW metal concentrations were variable, causing the distribution coefficient, Kd<sub>pw</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(the ratio of [SEM] to PW metal concentrations) to vary by 2−3 orders of magnitude at a given [SEM − AVS]. One reason for the variability was that vertical profiles in PW metal concentrations appeared to be influenced by diffusion as well as [SEM − AVS]. The presence of animals appeared to enhance the diffusion of at least Zn. The generalization that PW metal concentrations are controlled by [SEM − AVS] is subject to some important qualifications if vertical gradients are complicated, metal concentrations vary, or equilibration times differ.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001034+","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Lee, B., Luoma, S., Choi, H., Koh, C., and Brown, C.L., 2000, Influence of acid volatile sulfides and metal concentrations on metal partitioning in contaminated sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 21, p. 4511-4516, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001034+.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4511","endPage":"4516","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b0be4b0c8380cd621a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, H.J.","contributorId":105466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022387,"text":"70022387 - 2000 - Influence of acid volatile sulfide and metal concentrations on metal bioavailability to marine invertebrates in contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:30:55","indexId":"70022387","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of acid volatile sulfide and metal concentrations on metal bioavailability to marine invertebrates in contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">An 18-day microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and metal additions on bioaccumulation from sediments of Cd, Ni, and Zn in two clams (<i>Macoma balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i>) and three marine polychaetes (<i>Neanthes arenaceodentata, Heteromastus filiformis,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Spiophanes missionensis</i>). Manipulation of AVS by oxidation of naturally anoxic sediments allowed use of metal concentrations typical of nature and evaluation of processes important to chronic metal exposure. A vertical sediment column similar to that often found in nature was used to facilitate realistic biological behavior. Results showed that AVS or porewater (PW) metals controlled bioaccumulation in only 2 of 15 metal-animal combinations. Bioaccumulation of all three metals by the bivalves was related significantly to metal concentrations extracted from sediments (SEM) but not to [SEM − AVS] or PW metals. SEM predominantly influenced bioaccumulation of Ni and Zn in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N. arenaceodentata</i>, but Cd bioaccumulation followed PW Cd concentrations. SEM controlled tissue concentrations of all three metals in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>H. filiformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. missionensis</i>, with minor influences from metal-sulfide chemistry. Significant bioaccumulation occurred when SEM was only a small fraction of AVS in several treatments. Three factors appeared to contribute to the differences between these bioaccumulation results and the results from toxicity tests reported previously:  differences in experimental design, dietary uptake, and biological attributes of the species, including mode and depth of feeding.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001033h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lee, B., Lee, J., Luoma, S., Choi, H., and Koh, C., 2000, Influence of acid volatile sulfide and metal concentrations on metal bioavailability to marine invertebrates in contaminated sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 21, p. 4517-4523, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001033h.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4517","endPage":"4523","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001033h"}],"volume":"34","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b0ae4b0c8380cd621a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, H.J.","contributorId":105466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022091,"text":"70022091 - 2000 - Volatile organic compounds in storm water from a parking lot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:24:56","indexId":"70022091","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile organic compounds in storm water from a parking lot","docAbstract":"<p><span>A mass balance approach was used to determine the most important nonpoint source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in storm water from an asphalt parking lot without obvious point sources (e.g., gasoline stations). The parking lot surface and atmosphere are important nonpoint sources of VOCs, with each being important for different VOCs. The atmosphere is an important source of soluble, oxygenated VOCs (e.g., acetone), and the parking lot surface is an important source for the more hydrophobic VOCs (e.g., benzene). VOCs on the parking lot surface appear to be concentrated in oil and grease and organic material in urban particles (e.g., vehicle soot). Except in the case of spills, asphalt does not appear to be an important source of VOCs. The uptake isotherm of gaseous methyl&nbsp;</span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether on urban particles indicates a mechanism for dry deposition of VOCs from the atmosphere. This study demonstrated that a mass balance approach is a useful means of understanding non-point-source pollution, even for compounds such as VOCs, which are difficult to sample.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:12(1137)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., Fallon, J.D., Rutherford, D., and Hiatt, M., 2000, Volatile organic compounds in storm water from a parking lot: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 126, no. 12, p. 1137-1143, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:12(1137).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:12(1137)"},{"id":230661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c5e4b08c986b32ad57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, T. J.","contributorId":9631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiatt, M.H.","contributorId":80449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiatt","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29950,"text":"wri004245 - 2000 - A mass-balance approach for assessing PCB movement during remediation of a PCB-contaminated deposit on the Fox River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T13:01:16","indexId":"wri004245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4245","title":"A mass-balance approach for assessing PCB movement during remediation of a PCB-contaminated deposit on the Fox River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, collected water samples during the September 1 - December 15, 1999 removal of sediment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a reach of the Lower Fox River designated Sediment Management Unit (SMU) 56/57. Results of analyses of the samples, along with monitoring activities of several other organizations, were used to delineate and compare PCB mass pathways during the cleanup effort (fig. 1). Results indicate that the cleanup at SMU 56/57 had the following effect on PCB mass: dredging permanently removed more than 650 kg (1441 lb) of PCBs, transported 14.5 kg (32 lb) downstream, and volatilized 2.6 kg (5.7 lb) to the atmosphere; associated activities on the shore returned 0.1 kg (0.3 lb) to the river. This report documents the USGS data-collection efforts and details the mass-balance approach for PCB pathway delineation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004245","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., 2000, A mass-balance approach for assessing PCB movement during remediation of a PCB-contaminated deposit on the Fox River, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4245, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004245.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-00-4245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4245/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58771,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay, Fox River, Lake Winebago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.0609130859375,\n              44.64911632343077\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8521728515625,\n              44.54742015866829\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.187255859375,\n              44.21174128124646\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.29711914062499,\n              44.14476875978378\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.47564697265625,\n              44.16447445668458\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.23944091796875,\n              44.54154764174371\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.16253662109375,\n              44.5924231071787\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0609130859375,\n              44.64911632343077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":75136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30312,"text":"wri20004182 - 2000 - Diffusion sampler testing at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego County, California, November 1999 to January 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T14:04:34","indexId":"wri20004182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4182","title":"Diffusion sampler testing at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego County, California, November 1999 to January 2000","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compound concentrations in water from diffusion samplers were compared to concentrations in water obtained by low-flow purging at 15 observation wells at the Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California. Multiple diffusion samplers were installed in the wells. In general, comparisons using bladder pumps and diffusion samplers showed similar volatile organic carbon concentrations. In some wells, sharp concentration gradients were observed, such as an increase in cis-1,2-dichloroethene concentration from 100 to 2,600 micrograms per liter over a vertical distance of only 3.4 feet. In areas where such sharp gradients were observed, concentrations in water obtained by low-flow sampling at times reflected an average concentration over the area of influence; however, concentrations obtained by using the diffusion sampler seemed to represent the immediate vicinity of the sampler. When peristaltic pumps were used to collect ground-water samples by low-flow purging, the volatile organic compound concentrations commonly were lower than concentrations obtained by using diffusion samplers. This difference may be due to loss of volatiles by degassing under negative pressures in the sampling lines induced while using the peristaltic pump, mixing in the well screen, or possible short-circuiting of water from an adjacent depth. Diffusion samplers placed in buckets of freephase jet fuel (JP-5) and Stoddard solvent from observation wells did not show evidence of structural integrity loss during the 2 months of equilibration, and volatile organic compounds detected in the free-phase fuel also were detected in the water from the diffusion samplers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwestern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Peters, B.C., 2000, Diffusion sampler testing at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego County, California, November 1999 to January 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4182, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004182.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4182/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353624,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4182/wri20004182.pdf","text":"Report","size":"598 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station North Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.24523544311523,\n              32.6656796405623\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              32.6656796405623\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              32.733140517450266\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24523544311523,\n              32.733140517450266\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24523544311523,\n              32.6656796405623\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;</li><li>Methods&nbsp;</li><li>Results and Discussion</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Brian C.","contributorId":60689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24614,"text":"ofr0082 - 2000 - Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr0082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-82","title":"Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997","docAbstract":"The hydrology and water quality of streams and lakes in the Guanella Pass area could be affected by the proposed reconstruction of the existing road over Guanella Pass between Georgetown and Grant, Colo. Data were collected during water years 1995 through 1997 (October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997) that describe the preconstruction hydrology, water quality, sediment transport, and bulk atmospheric deposition in the Guanella Pass study area with most data being collected primarily during water years 1996-97. Data were collected at 17 stream sites, 7 road-runoff sites, 10 ground-water sites, 3 lake sites, 1 reservoir site, 2 snow-precipitation sites, and 4 bulk atmospheric-deposition sites. Data include onsite measurements of streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, barometric pressure, and dissolved oxygen; concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements; organic carbon and trace organic compounds; suspended-sediment concentration and particle-size analyses; field measurement and depth profiles, and chlorophyll concentrations in lakes and reservoirs; trace element, nutrient, and trace organic (semi-volatiles, PCBs, and insecticides) analyses of lake and reservoir bottom sediment; and bulk atmospheric deposition rates of solids. Daily values for streamflow, maximum and minimum water temperature, specific conductance, and suspended sediment were computed at seven streamflow-monitoring stations located along South Clear Creek, Leavenworth Creek, Duck Creek, Geneva Creek, and Deer Creek. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr0082","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.R., 2000, Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-82, iv, 24 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0082.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29691,"text":"wri994269 - 2000 - Ground-water quality in the Appalachian Plateaus, Kanawha River basin, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri994269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4269","title":"Ground-water quality in the Appalachian Plateaus, Kanawha River basin, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 30 privately-owned and small public-supply wells in the Appalachian Plateaus of the Kanawha River Basin were analyzed for a wide range of constituents, including bacteria, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radon, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of most constituents from samples analyzed did not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards.\r\n\r\nConstituents that exceeded drinking-water standards in at least one sample were total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), iron, manganese, and sulfate. Total coliform bacteria were present in samples from five sites, and E. coli were present at only one site. USEPA secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) were exceeded for three constituents -- sulfate exceeded the SMCL of 250 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in samples from 2 of 30 wells; iron exceeded the SMCL of 300 ?g/L (micrograms per liter) in samples from 12 of the wells, and manganese exceeded the SMCL of 50 ?g/L in samples from 17 of the wells sampled.\r\n\r\nNone of the samples contained concentrations of nutrients that exceeded the USEPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for these constituents. The maximum concentration of nitrate detected was only 4.1 mg/L, which is below the MCL of 10 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrate in precipitation and shallow ground water are similar, potentially indicating that precipitation may be a source of nitrate in shallow ground water in the study area.\r\n\r\nRadon concentrations exceeded the recently proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 pCi/L at 50 percent of the sites sampled. The median concentration of radon was only 290 pCi/L. Radon-222 is a naturally occurring, carcinogenic, radioactive decay product of uranium. Concentrations, however, did not exceed the alternate maximum contaminant level (AMCL) for radon of 4,000 pCi/L in any of the 30 samples.\r\n\r\nArsenic concentrations exceeded the proposed MCL of 5?g/L at 4 of the 30 sites. No samples exceeded the current MCL of 50 ?g/L. \r\n\r\nNeither pesticides nor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were prevalent in the study area, and the concentrations of the compounds that were detected did not exceed any USEPA MCLs. Pesticides were detected in only two of the 30 wells sampled, but four pesticides -- atrazine, carbofuran, DCPA, and deethylatrazine -- were detected in one well; molinate was detected in the other well. All of the pesticides detected were at estimated concentrations of only 0.002 ?g/L. Of the VOCs detected, trihalomethane compounds (THMs), which can result from chlorination of a well, were the most common. THMs were detected in 13 of the 30 wells sampled. Gasoline by-products, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX compounds) were detected in 10 of the 30 wells sampled. The maximum concentration of any of the VOCs detected in this study, however, was only 1.040 ?g/L, for the THM dichlorofluoromethane.\r\n\r\nWater samples from 25 of the wells were analyzed for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to estimate the apparent age of ground water. The analyses indicated that age of water ranged from 10 to greater than 57 years, and that the age of ground water could be correlated with the topographic setting of the wells sampled. Thus the apparent age of water in wells on hilltops was youngest (median of 13 years) and that of water in wells in valleys was oldest (median of 42 years). Water from wells on hillsides was intermediate in age (median of 29 years). These data can be used to define contributing areas to wells, corroborate or revise conceptual ground-water flow models, estimate contaminant travel times from spills to other sources such as nearby domestic or public supply wells, and to manage point and nonpoint source activities that may affect critical aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994269","usgsCitation":"Sheets, C.J., and Kozar, M.D., 2000, Ground-water quality in the Appalachian Plateaus, Kanawha River basin, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4269, v, 25 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994269.","productDescription":"v, 25 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, Charlynn J.","contributorId":43392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"Charlynn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45061,"text":"wri004207 - 2000 - Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri004207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4207","title":"Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"Shrub mud volcano, one of three mud volcanoes of the Klawasi group in the Copper River Basin, Alaska, has been discharging warm mud and water and CO2?rich gas since 1996. A field visit to Shrub in June 1999 found the general level of hot-spring discharge to be similar, but somewhat more widespread, than in the previous two years. Evidence of recent animal and vegetation deaths from CO2 exposure were confined to localized areas around various gas and fluid vents. Maximum fluid temperatures in each of three main discharge areas, ranging from 48-54?C, were equal to or higher than those measured in the two previous years; such temperatures are significantly higher than those observed intermittently over the past 30 years. At Upper Klawasi mud volcano, measured temperatures of 23-26?C and estimated rates of gas and water discharge in the summit crater lake were also similar to those observed in the previous two years. Gas discharging at Shrub and Upper Klawasi is composed of over 98% CO2 and minor amounts of meteoric gases (N2, O2, Ar) and gases partly of deeper origin (CH4 and He). The rate of CO2 discharge from spring vents and pools at Shrub is estimated to be ~10 metric tonnes per day. This discharge, together with measured concentrations of bicarbonate, suggest that a total CO2 upflow from depth of 20-40 metric tonnes per day at Shrub.Measurements were made of diffuse degassing rates from soil at one ~300 m2 area near the summit of Shrub that included vegetation kill suggestive of high CO2 concentrations in the root zone. Most of measured gas flow rates in this area were significantly higher than background values, and a CO2 concentration of 26 percent was measured at a depth of 10 cm where the gas flow rate was highest. Although additional measurements of diffuse gas flow were made elsewhere at Shrub, no other areas of vegetation kill related to diffuse degassing and high soil-gas CO2 concentrations could be seen from the air.Chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas and water discharging at Shrub and Upper Klawasi indicate derivation from a combination of mantle (magmatic) and crustal (marine sedimentary rock) sources and suggest a common fluid reservoir at depth. In particular, both the total dissolved carbon and values of 13C in CO2 are similar for fluids and gas sampled at each area, and do not appear to have changed with the onset of increased spring temperatures and fluid discharge at Shrub. This suggests that the underlying cause of the recent changes in discharge rate and temperature at Shrub is not an increase in the rate of input of magmatic heat and volatiles, but rather increases in the permeability of the upflow conduits that connect the gas-rich reservoir to the surface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004207","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M.L., Werner, C., McGimsey, R.G., and Evans, W.C., 2000, Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4207, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004207.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004207","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Cindy","contributorId":75611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":47746,"text":"wri004246 - 2000 - Field testing of passive diffusion bag samplers for volatile organic compound concentrations in ground water, Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota, November 1999 and May 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"wri004246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4246","title":"Field testing of passive diffusion bag samplers for volatile organic compound concentrations in ground water, Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota, November 1999 and May 2000","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compound concentrations from passive diffusion bag samplers were compared with concentrations from conventional purge (three or more casing volumes) sampling and low-flow purge sampling in side-by-side tests in 17 wells at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota. An initial comparison of 1,2-dichloroethene and trichloroethene concentrations obtained by using passive diffusion bag samplers and the conventional purge method in wells where one passive diffusion bag sampler was deployed showed good agreement at several wells but poor agreement at others. Collection of data from multiple diffusion samplers during the conventional purge sampling and during the low-flow sampling, however, suggests that the volatile organic compound concentrations from the passive diffusion bag samplers accurately reflect the volatile organic compound distribution in the screened interval, whereas the conventional purge and low-flow purge samples reflect mixing during pumping. The data also show that contaminant stratification was present in some wells. In one well, trichloroethene concentrations ranged from 470 to 1,600 micrograms per liter over a vertical distance of approximately 6 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004246","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Petkewich, M.D., 2000, Field testing of passive diffusion bag samplers for volatile organic compound concentrations in ground water, Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota, November 1999 and May 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4246, iv, 10 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004246.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100053,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4246/report.pdf","size":"1687","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22421,"text":"ofr2000236 - 2000 - Chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from wells in the vicinity of the naval reactors facility, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T21:38:22.514196","indexId":"ofr2000236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-236","title":"Chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from wells in the vicinity of the naval reactors facility, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1997-98","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in response to a\r\nrequest from the U.S. Department of Energy?s\r\nPhtsburgh Naval Reactors Ofilce, Idaho Branch\r\nOffice, sampled water from 13 wells during\r\n1997?98 as part of a long-term project to monitor\r\nwater quality of the Snake River Plain aquifer in\r\nthe vicinity of the Naval Reactors Facility, Idaho\r\nNational Engineering and Environmental Laboratory,\r\nIdaho. Water samples were analyzed for naturally\r\noccurring constituents and man-made\r\ncontaminants. A totalof91 samples were collected\r\nfrom the 13 monitoring wells. The routine samples\r\ncontained detectable concentrations of total cations\r\nand dissolved anions, and nitrite plus nitrate as\r\nnitrogen. Most of the samples also had detectable\r\nconcentrations of gross alpha- and gross beta-particle\r\nradioactivity and tritium. Fourteen qualityassurance\r\nsamples also were collected and analyze~\r\nseven were field-blank samples, and seven\r\nwere replicate samples. Most of the field blank\r\nsamples contained less than detectable concentrations\r\nof target constituents; however, some\r\nblank samples did contain detectable concentrations\r\nof calcium, magnesium, barium, copper,\r\nmanganese, nickel, zinc, nitrite plus nitrate, total\r\norganic halogens, tritium, and selected volatile\r\norganic compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Knobel, L.L., Tucker, B.J., and Twining, B.V., 2000, Chemical and radiochemical constituents in water from wells in the vicinity of the naval reactors facility, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-236, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000236.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0236/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2000-0236"},{"id":404610,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33867.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0236/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.952,\n              43.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.867,\n              43.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.867,\n              43.71\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.952,\n              43.71\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.952,\n              43.61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e462f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Betty J.","contributorId":27885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22478,"text":"ofr99195 - 1999 - Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr99195","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-195","title":"Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","docAbstract":"The City of Albuquerque has collected and analyzed more than 5,000 \r\nwater-quality samples from 113 water-supply wells in the Albuquerque \r\narea, including many drinking-water supply wells, since May of 1988. \r\nAs a result, a large water-quality data base has been compiled that \r\nincludes data for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, carbon,  \r\nvolatile organic compounds, radiological constituents, and bacteria. \r\nThese data are intended to improve the understanding and management of \r\nthe ground-water resources of the region, rather than demonstrate \r\ncompliance with Federal and State drinking-water standards. This \r\nreport gives summary statistics for selected physical properties \r\nand chemical constituents for ground water from wells used by the \r\nCity of Albuquerque for drinking-water supply between 1988 and 1997. \r\nMaps are provided to show the general spatial distribution of selected \r\nparameters and water types around the region. Although the values of \r\nsome parameters vary substantially across the city, median values for \r\nall parameters included in this report are less than their respective \r\nmaximum contaminant levels in each drinking-water supply well. The \r\ndominant water types are sodium plus potassium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the western part of the city and calcium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the eastern part of the city.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99195","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Lindberg, W., and Anderholm, S.K., 1999, Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-195, vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99195.","productDescription":"vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51995,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, William E.","contributorId":27091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28503,"text":"wri994257 - 1999 - Occurrence, distribution, and trends of volatile organic compounds in the Ohio River and its major tributaries, 1987-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:11:57","indexId":"wri994257","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4257","title":"Occurrence, distribution, and trends of volatile organic compounds in the Ohio River and its major tributaries, 1987-96","docAbstract":"The Ohio River is a source of drinking water for more than 3 million people. Thus, it is important to monitor the water quality of this river to determine if contaminants are present, their concentrations, and if water quality is changing with time. This report presents an analysis of the occurrence, distribution, and trends of 21 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along the main stem of the Ohio River and its major tributaries from 1987 through 1996. The data were collected by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission's Organics Detection System, which monitors daily for VOCs at 15 stations. Various statistical methods were applied to basinwide data from all monitoring stations and to data from individual monitoring stations. For the basinwide data, one or more VOCs were detected in 45 percent of the 44,837 river-water samples. Trichloromethane, detected in 26 percent of the samples, was the most frequently detected VOC followed by benzene (11 percent), methylbenzene (6.4 percent), and the other 18 VOCs, which were detected in less than 4 percent of the samples. In samples from 8 of the 15 monitoring stations, trichloromethane was also the most frequently detected VOC. These stations were generally near large cities along the Ohio River. The median trichloromethane concentration was 0.3 microgram per liter (&mu;g/L), and concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 to 125.3 &mu;g/L. Most of the VOCs had median detected concentrations that ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 &mu;g/L for the basinwide data and for samples from individual stations. Samples from stations in the upstream part of the basin and from the Kanawha River had the highest median concentrations. Ninety-nine percent of the detected VOC concentrations were within U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water regulations. Of the 268 exceedances of drinking-water regulations, 188 were due to the detection of 1,2-dichloroethane prior to 1993 in samples from the monitoring station near Paducah, Ky. Time trend analyses indicated that most VOCs had no trend in samples at most monitoring stations because they were detected infrequently. At one or more stations, 14 VOCs had decreasing trends in monthly mean concentrations that ranged from -0.01 to -0.42 &mu;/L per year. Nine VOCs had significant decreasing trends in percentage detection that ranged from -1.08 to -12.90 percent per year. These trends suggest that source-control efforts are working and that water quality is improving.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Rapid City, SD","doi":"10.3133/wri994257","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, R.F., and Lopes, T.J., 1999, Occurrence, distribution, and trends of volatile organic compounds in the Ohio River and its major tributaries, 1987-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4257, x, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994257.","productDescription":"x, 89 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994257.jpg"},{"id":286070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4257/report.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.183,36.4204 ], [ -89.183,42.3272 ], [ -78.6509,42.3272 ], [ -78.6509,36.4204 ], [ -89.183,36.4204 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30655,"text":"wri994250 - 1999 - Baseline water quality and preliminary effects of artificial recharge on ground water, south-central Kansas, 1995–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T11:25:47","indexId":"wri994250","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4250","displayTitle":"Baseline Water Quality and Preliminary Effects of Artificial Recharge on Ground Water, South-Central Kansas, 1995–98","title":"Baseline water quality and preliminary effects of artificial recharge on ground water, south-central Kansas, 1995–98","docAbstract":"<p>To investigate the feasbility of artificial recharge as a method of meeting future water-supply needs and to protect the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer from saltwater intrusion from natural and anthropogenic sources to the west, the <i>Equus</i> Beds Ground-Water Recharge from Demonstration Project was begun in 1995. The project is a cooperative effort between the city of Wichita and the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. During the project, high flows from the Little Arkansas River are captured and recharged into the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer through recharge basins, a trench, or a recharge well, located at two recharge sites near Halstead and Sedgwick, Kansas. To document baseline concentrations and compatibility of stream (recharge) and aquifer water, the U.S. Geological Survey collected water samples from February 1995 through August 1998. These samples were analyzed for dissolved solids, total and dissolved inorganic constituents, nutrients, organic and volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and bacteria. Results of baseline sampling indicated that the primary constituents of concern for recharge were sodium, chloride, nitrite plus nitrate, iron and manganese, total coliform bacteria, and atrazine. Chloride and atrazine were of particular concern because concentrations of these constituents in water from the Little Arkansas River frequently exceeded regulatory criteria. The Little Arkansas River is used as the source water for recharge. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for chloride is 250 mg/L (milligrams per liter), and the Maximum Contaminant Level for atrazine is 3.0 μg/L (micrograms per liter) as an annual mean. Baseline concentrations of chloride in surface water ranged from 8.0 to 400 μg/L. Baseline concentrations of atrazine in surface water ranged from less than 0.10 to 46 μg/L. </p><p>Concentrations of chloride and atrazine have increased in water from some of the wells at both the Halstead and Sedgwick recharge sites after recharge began, although concentrations remained within the range of baseline values in the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer and are considerably less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water criteria. However, a substantial quantity of water has not been recharged at the Sedgwick site to determine the overall effects of artificial recharge on aquifer quality. Continued monitoring is necessary to determine long-term effects at both sites. </p><p>Major ion and trace element concentrations in source water and receiving water were analyzed to determine the compatibility of recharge and receiving ground water for artificial recharge. Stiff diagrams of major ions were used to show the similarity or differences between source surface water and receiving ground water. The water from both sources, for the most part, was chemically compatible to the receiving aquifer water at both recharge sites. </p><p>It may be possible to decrease the monitoring frequency at the Halstead recharge site because water-quality changes in receiving water at this site are very gradual. However, real-time water-quality monitoring of surrogates needs to be site specific for the determination of chloride and atrazine. Real-time water-quality monitoring potentially can be used to more effectively manage the artificial recharge process, enabling project officials to respond more rapidly to changes in water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994250","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, A., Christensen, V.G., and Ross, H.C., 1999, Baseline water quality and preliminary effects of artificial recharge on ground water, south-central Kansas, 1995–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4250, Report: vi, 74 p.; 2 Additional pieces: Figures, Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994250.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 74 p.; 2 Additional pieces: Figures, Tables","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4250/figures/","text":"Figures","description":"WRIR 1999–4250 Figures"},{"id":3006,"rank":199,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4250/wrir19994250.pdf","text":"Report ","size":"143 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1999–4250"},{"id":362200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4250/tables/","text":"Tables","description":"WRIR 1999–4250 Tables"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\">Kansas Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1217 Biltmore Drive<br>Lawrence, KS 66049</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Methods</li><li>Baseline Water Quality, 1995–98</li><li>Preliminary Effects of Artificial Recharge, 1996–98</li><li>Compatibility of Source Water for Artificial Recharge</li><li>Constituents of Concern for Future Monitoring</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64879f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Heather C.","contributorId":101650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26040,"text":"wri994180 - 1999 - Relation of Land Use to Streamflow and Water Quality at Selected Sites in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1993-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T14:02:00","indexId":"wri994180","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4180","title":"Relation of Land Use to Streamflow and Water Quality at Selected Sites in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1993-98","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow and water-quality data were collected at nine sites in the city of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, during 1993–97. Six of the basins drained areas having relatively homogeneous land use and were less than 0.3 square mile in size; the other three basins had mixed land use. Atmospheric wet-deposition data were collected in three of the basins during 1997–98.</p><p>Streamflow yield varied by a factor of six among the sites, despite the fact that sites were in close proximity to one another. The lowest yield occurred in a residential basin having no curbs and gutters. The variability in mean flow from these small, relatively homogeneous basins is much greater than is found in streams draining basins that are 10 square miles in size or larger. The ratio of runoff to rainfall in the developing basin appears to have increased during the study period.</p><p>Low-flow suspended-sediment concentrations in the study basins were about the same magnitude as median stormflow concentrations in Piedmont agricultural basins. Sediment concentrations were higher in the mixed land-use basins and in the developing basin. Median suspended-sediment concentrations in these basins generally were an order of magnitude greater than median concentrations in the other five basins, which had stable land use.</p><p>Some of the highest total nitrogen concentrations occurred in residential basins. Total nitrogen concentrations detected in this study were about twice as high as concentrations in small Piedmont streams affected by agriculture and urbanization. Most of the total nitrogen consisted of organic nitrogen at all of the sites except in two residential land- use basins. The high ammonia content of lawn fertilizer may explain the higher ammonia concentration in stormflow from residential basins.</p><p>The two basins with the highest median suspended-sediment concentrations also had the highest total phosphorus concentrations. Median total phosphorus concentrations measured in this study were several times greater than median concentrations in small Piedmont streams but almost an order of magnitude less than total phosphorus concentrations in Charlotte streams during the late 1970's.</p><p>Bacteria concentrations are not correlated to streamflow. The highest bacteria levels were found in 'first-flush' samples. Higher fecal coliform concentrations were associated with residential land use.</p><p>Chromium, copper, lead, and zinc occurred at all sites in concentrations that exceeded the North Carolina ambient water-quality standards. The median chromium concentration in the developing basin was more than double the median concentration at any other site. As with chromium, the maximum copper concentration in the developing basin was almost an order of magnitude greater than maximum concentrations at other sites. The highest zinc concentration also occurred in the developing basin. Samples were analyzed for 121 organic compounds and 57 volatile organic compounds. Forty-five organic compounds and seven volatile organic compounds were detected. At least five compounds were detected at all sites, and 15 or more compounds were detected at all sites except two mixed land-use basins. Atrazine, carbaryl, and metolachlor were detected at eight sites, and 90 percent of all samples had measurable amounts of atrazine. About 60 percent of the samples had detectable levels of carbaryl and metolachlor. Diazinon and malathion were measured in samples from seven sites, and methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, alachlor, and 2,4-D were detected at four or more sites. The fewest compounds were detected in the larger, mixed land-use basins. Residential basins and the developing basin had the greatest number of detections of organic compounds.</p><p>The pH of wet atmospheric deposition in three Charlotte basins was more variable than the pH measured at a National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)site in Rowan County. Summer pH values were significantly lower than pH measured during the remainder of the year, probably as a result of poorer air quality and different weather patterns during the summer.</p><p>Concentrations of ammonia and nitrate at the Charlotte sites generally were lower than those measured at the NADP site. Summer concentrations of ammonia and nitrate at both the Charlotte and the NADP sites were significantly greater than concentrations measured during the remainder of the year, again probably reflecting poorer summertime air-quality conditions.</p><p>Sediment yields at the nine sites ranged from 77 tons per square mile per year in a residential basin to 4,700 tons per square mile per year at the developing basin. Residential areas that have been built-out for several years and industrial areas appear, in general, to have the lowest sediment yields for the Charlotte study sites.</p><p>Average annual yields of total nitrogen loads ranged from about 1.7 tons per square mile to 6.6 tons per square mile. Average annual total phosphorus yields for all sites except the developing basin were less than 1.4 tons per square mile. Phosphorus yield at the developing basin was 13 .4 tons per square mile per year.</p><p>Biochemical oxygen demand loading in 1993 from all of the permitted wastewater-treatment facilities in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County was about 1.5 tons per day or 548 tons per year. Converting this point-source loading to an annual yield for the 528 square-mile area of Mecklenburg County is equivalent to 1.03 tons per square mile per year, or a yield much lower than any of the yields measured at the nine study sites. In other words, biochemical oxygen demand loading from nonpoint sources in Mecklenburg County probably exceeds loading from all point sources by a large amount.</p><p>Loads and average annual yields were computed for five metals-chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. The highest annual average yields for all five of these metals were in the developing basin, which also had the highest annual average suspended-sediment yield of all the sites. Estimated wet-deposition watershed loadings suggest that atmospheric deposition may be an important source of some metals, including chromium, copper, lead, and zinc, in Charlotte storm water.</p><p>Storm water from residential land-use basins has higher concentrations of total nitrogen, fecal coliform bacteria, and organic compounds than do other land-use types. Reductions in suspended-sediment concentrations should generally result in reduced export of phosphorus and metals. Stable land uses, such as industrial areas and built-out residential basins, have lower sediment concentrations in stormwater than do mixed land use and developing basins. Finally, atmospheric deposition may be an important source of nitrogen and some metals in Charlotte stormwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Weaver, J., and Robinson, J.B., 1999, Relation of Land Use to Streamflow and Water Quality at Selected Sites in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1993-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4180, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994180.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4180/wri19994180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4180"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center </a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of study area and data-collection sites</li><li>Methods of data collection and loadings computation</li><li>Streamflow, water-quality, and atmospheric wet-deposition characteristics</li><li>Water-quality loads</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected references</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Jerald B. jbrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Jerald","email":"jbrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28460,"text":"wri994108 - 1999 - Summary of hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data and hydrogeologic framework at selected well sites, Adams County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T09:41:37","indexId":"wri994108","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4108","title":"Summary of hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data and hydrogeologic framework at selected well sites, Adams County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Rapid population growth in Adams County has increased the demand for ground water and led Adams County planning officials to undertake an effort to evaluate the capabilities of existing community water systems to meet future, projected growth and to begin wellhead-protection programs for public-supply wells. As part of this effort, this report summarizes ground-water data on a countywide scale and provides hydrogeologic information needed to delineate wellheadprotection areas in three hydrogeologic units (Gettysburg Lowland, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Lowland).</p><p>Reported yields, specific capacities, well depths, and reported overburden thickness can vary by hydrogeologic unit, geologic formation, water use (domestic and nondomestic), and topographic setting. The reported yields of domestic wells drilled in the Gettysburg Lowland (median reported yield of 10 gallons per minute) are significantly greater than the reported yields from the Blue Ridge, Piedmont Lowland, and Piedmont Upland (median reported yields of 7.0, 8.0, and 7.0 gallons per minute, respectively). Reported yields of domestic wells completed in the diabase and the New Oxford Formation of the Gettysburg Lowland, and in the metarhyolite and metabasalt of the Blue Ridge, are significantly lower than reported yields of wells completed in the Gettysburg Formation. For nondomestic wells, reported yields from the Conestoga Formation of the Piedmont Lowland are significantly greater than in the diabase. Reported yields of nondomestic wells drilled in the Gettysburg, New Oxford, and Conestoga Formations, and the metarhyolite are significantly greater than those for domestic wells drilled in the respective geologic formations. Specific capacities of nondomestic wells in the Conestoga and Gettysburg Formations are significantly greater than their domestic counterparts. Specific capacities of nondomestic wells in the Conestoga Formation are significantly greater than the specific capacities of nondomestic wells in the metarhyolite, diabase, and Gettysburg and New Oxford Formations.Well depths do not vary considerably by hydrogeologic unit; instead, the greatest variability is by water use. Nondomestic wells drilled in the metarhyolite, Kinzers, Conestoga, Gettysburg, and New Oxford Formations are completed at significantly greater depths than their domestic counterparts. The reported thickness of overburden varies significantly by geologic formation and water use, but not by topographic setting. The median overburden thickness of the Blue Ridge (35 feet) is greater than in any other hydrologic unit.</p><p>Except where adversely affected by human activities, ground water in Adams County is suitable for most purposes. Calcium and magnesium are the dominant cations, and bicarbonate is the dominant anion. In general, the pH and hardness of ground water is lower in areas that are underlain by crystalline rocks (Blue Ridge and Piedmont Upland) than in areas underlain by sedimentary rocks, especially where limestone or dolomite is dominant (Piedmont Lowland). Dissolved nitrate (as N) and dissolved nitrite (as N) concentrations in the water from 9 of 69 wells and 3 of 80 wells sampled exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant levels (MCL) of 10 and 1.0 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively. Sulfate concentrations greater than the proposed USEPA MCL of 500 mg/L were reported from the water in 3 of 110 wells sampled. Iron concentrations in the water from 13 of 67 wells sampled and manganese in the water from 9 of 64 wells sampled exceeded the USEPA secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) of 300 and 50 mg/L (micrograms per liter), respectively. Aluminum concentrations in the water from 16 of 22 wells sampled exceeded the lower USEPA SMCL threshold of 50 µg/L. Pesticides were detected in the water from seven wells but at concentrations that did not exceed USEPA MCL's. Most volatile organic compounds detected in the ground water were confined to USEPA Superfund sites or the immediate area around the sites.</p><p>The hydrogeologic framework in the vicinity of four public-supply well fields (Gettysburg, Abbottstown, Fairfield, and Littlestown) consists of two zones—an upper zone and a lower zone. In general, the upper zone is thin (5 to 60 feet or more) and dominated by saturated regolith and deeply weathered bedrock. The upper zone is bounded at the top by the water table and below by bedrock in which secondary porosity and permeability are considerably lower. Ground water is generally unconfined, and recharge rates are rapid. Ground-water flow is influenced more strongly by the topography of the ground surface and bedrock surface than by geologic structure. The lower zone is relatively thick (400 to 1,000 feet) and consists of slightly weathered to highly competent bedrock. Ground-water flow paths in the lower zone are generally greater and recharge rates are longer than in the upper zone; confined conditions are common, especially at depth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994108","collaboration":"Adams County Office of Planning and Development","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., and Dugas, D.L., 1999, Summary of hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data and hydrogeologic framework at selected well sites, Adams County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4108, viii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994108.","productDescription":"viii, 86 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4108/wri19994108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4108"},{"id":159423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4108/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> Pennsylvania Water Science Center<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Summary of hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data</li><li>Hydrogeologic framework at selected well sites</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected references</li><li>Appendix A. Pesticides sampled in ground water, Adams County</li><li>Appendix&nbsp;B. Volatile organic compounds sampled in ground water, Adams County</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69926e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugas, Diana L.","contributorId":66744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29701,"text":"wri994084 - 1999 - Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1989-93, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Part 2. Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T22:09:37.387952","indexId":"wri994084","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4084","title":"Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1989-93, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Part 2. Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Irondequoit Creek, which drains 169 square miles in the eastern part of Monroe County, has been recognized as a source of contaminants that contribute to the eutrophication of Irondequoit Bay on Lake Ontario. The discharge from sewage-treatment plants to the creek and its tributaries was eliminated in 1979 by diversion to another wastewater-treatment facility, but sediment and nonpoint-source pollution remain a concern. This report presents data from five surface-water sites in the Irondequoit Creek basin. Irondequoit Creek at Railroad Mills, East Branch Allen Creek, Allen Creek near Rochester, Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road, and Irondequoit Creek at Empire Boulevard, to supplement published data from 1984-88. Data from Northrup Creek, which drains 11.7 square miles in western Monroe County, provide information on surface-water quality west of the Genesee River. Also presented are water-level and water-quality data from 12 observation-well sites in Ellison and Powdermill Parks and atmospheric-deposition data from 1 site (Mendon Ponds). </p><p>Concentrations of several chemical constituents in streams of the Irondequoit Creek basin showed statistically significant trends during 1989-93. Concentrations of total suspended-solids and volatile suspended-solids in Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road decreased 13.5 and 12.5 percent per year, respectively, and those at Empire Boulevard decreased 33.5 and 22 percent per year, respectively. </p><p>Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen increased 17.6 percent per year at one site in the basin, but decreased 8.5 and 22.3 percent per year at two sites. Nitrite plus nitrate decreased at only one site (3.5 percent per year). Concentrations of total phosphorus increased at two sites (about 7 percent per year) and decreased at two other sites (7.6 and 29.9 percent per year), and orthophosphate concentrations increased at one site (10.8 percent per year). Dissolved chloride increased at three sites (1.7 to 10.9 percent per year), and dissolved sulfate decreased at one site (2.1 percent per year) and increased at one site (6.8 percent per year). </p><p>Median concentrations of constituents were significantly lower in atmospheric deposition than in streamflow, although annual deposition of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate in the basin exceeded the amounts removed by streamflow. Atmospheric deposition of chloride and sulfate, by contrast, represented only 1 and 12 percent, respectively, of the loads transported by Irondequoit Creek (Blossom Road site). </p><p>Comparison of water-quality data from the Allen Creek site and Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road from water years 1989-93 with corresponding data from 1984-88 indicates significant changes in median concentrations of several constituents. The concentration of dissolved chloride increased at Blossom Road and was unchanged at Allen Creek, whereas sulfate decreased at both sites. Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and nitrite plus nitrate, were significantly lower during 1989-93 than during 1984-88 at both sites. Total phosphorus concentration was lower during 1984-88 than during 1989-93 at Blossom Road but showed no change at Allen Creek, and orthophosphate concentration for 1989-93 was lower than in 1984-88 at both sites. Comparison of chemical loads in atmospheric deposition also indicates significant changes in many constituents. Five-year-mean loads of sodium, sulfate, and lead in atmospheric deposition for 1989-93 exceeded those for 1984-88, whereas 5-year-mean loads of calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, and orthophosphate for 1989-93 were lower than in 1984-88. </p><p>The changes in surface-water quality resulted from several factors within the basin, including land-use changes, annual and seasonal variations in streamflow, and year-to-year variations in the application of deicing salts on area roads. Statistical analyses of long-term (9 years or more) flow records of three unregulated streams in Monroe County indicate that annual mean flows for water years 1989- 93 were in the normal range (20th- to 80th-percentile). The greatest mean annual flow in this period-about 140 percent of normal at Irondequoit Creek and Black Creek-occurred in 1993, but the annual mean flow for that water year at Allen Creek was only 98 percent of normal. The lowest annual mean flows of these streams-ranging from 75 percent of normal to 93 percent of normal-occurred in 1989. The average annual mean flows for these streams for 1989-93 was 104 percent of normal, and that for 1984-88 was normal. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994084","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, D.A., 1999, Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1989-93, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Part 2. Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4084, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994084.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22770.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":274647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4084/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","otherGeospatial":"Irondequoit Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.625,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.625,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.375,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.375,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.625,\n              43.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5ca5c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Donald A.","contributorId":103267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Donald","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25560,"text":"wri994070 - 1999 - Ground-water resources in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawaii, and numerical simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T20:46:52.570508","indexId":"wri994070","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4070","title":"Ground-water resources in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawaii, and numerical simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawals","docAbstract":"Within the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, which was established in 1978, the ground-water flow system is composed of brackish water overlying saltwater. Ground-water levels measured in the Park range from about 1 to 2 feet above mean sea level, and fluctuate daily by about 0.5 to 1.5 feet in response to ocean tides. The brackish water is formed by mixing of seaward flowing fresh ground water with underlying saltwater from the ocean. The major source of fresh ground water is from subsurface flow originating from inland areas to the east of the Park. Ground-water recharge from the direct infiltration of precipitation within the Park area, which has land-surface altitudes less than 100 feet, is small because of low rainfall and high rates of evaporation. Brackish water flowing through the Park ultimately discharges to the fishponds in the Park or to the ocean. The ground water, fishponds, and anchialine ponds in the Park are hydrologically connected; thus, the water levels in the ponds mark the local position of the water table. \r\n\r\nWithin the Park, ground water near the water table is brackish; measured chloride concentrations of water samples from three exploratory wells in the Park range from 2,610 to 5,910 milligrams per liter. Chromium and copper were detected in water samples from the three wells in the Park and one well upgradient of the Park at concentrations of 1 to 5 micrograms per liter. One semi-volatile organic compound, phenol, was detected in water samples from the three wells in the Park at concentrations between 4 and 10 micrograms per liter. \r\n\r\nA regional, two-dimensional (areal), freshwater-saltwater, sharp-interface ground-water flow model was used to simulate the effects of regional withdrawals on ground-water flow within the Park. For average 1978 withdrawal rates, the estimated rate of fresh ground-water discharge to the ocean within the Park is about 6.48 million gallons per day, or about 3 million gallons per day per mile of coastline. Although the coastal discharge within the Park is actually brackish water, the model assumes that freshwater and saltwater do not mix and therefore the model-calculated coastal discharge within the Park is in the form of freshwater discharge.\r\n\r\nModel results indicate that ground-water withdrawals in excess of average 1978 withdrawal rates will reduce the rate of freshwater coastal discharge within the Park. Withdrawals from wells directly upgradient of the Park had the greatest effect on the model-calculated freshwater coastal discharge within the Park, whereas withdrawals from wells south of Papa Bay had little effect on the freshwater discharge within the Park. For an increased ground-water withdrawal rate of 56.8 million gallons per day, relative to average 1978 withdrawal rates in the Kona area, model-calculated freshwater coastal discharge within the Park was reduced by about 47 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994070","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Tribble, G.W., Souza, W.R., and Bolke, E.L., 1999, Ground-water resources in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawaii, and numerical simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawals: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4070, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994070.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414047,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23011.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.05,\n              19.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.05,\n              19.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.017,\n              19.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.017,\n              19.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.05,\n              19.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tribble, Gordon W. gtribble@usgs.gov","contributorId":2643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tribble","given":"Gordon","email":"gtribble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Souza, William R.","contributorId":90295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolke, Edward L.","contributorId":44957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28774,"text":"wri994229 - 1999 - Volatile organic compounds in ground water of the lower Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri994229","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4229","title":"Volatile organic compounds in ground water of the lower Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 60 wells in the lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) in 1996 were sampled and analyzed for 73 volatile organic compounds (VOC?s). There were only six VOC detections in more than 4,300 analyses of the ground-water samples: three detections of chloroform, one detection of carbon tetrachloride, one detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and one detection of 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl benzene (TeMB). VOC concentrations ranged from 0.22 to 4.7 micrograms per liter (?g/L), with only one VOC concentration greater than 1 ?g/L. A VOC was detected in one sample from the deep glacial drift aquifer, indicating that shallow aquifers may be more susceptible to VOC contamination than deep aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri994229","usgsCitation":"Morrow, W.S., 1999, Volatile organic compounds in ground water of the lower Illinois River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4229, 1 folded sheet; 6 p. :col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994229.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet; 6 p. :col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2312,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=99-4229","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27319,"text":"wri994155 - 1999 - Water-quality assessment of south-central Texas — Descriptions and comparisons of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds at three intensive fixed sites, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T20:52:16.218148","indexId":"wri994155","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4155","title":"Water-quality assessment of south-central Texas — Descriptions and comparisons of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds at three intensive fixed sites, 1996-98","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples were collected during April 1996-April 1998 at three intensive fixed sites in the San Antonio region of the South-Central Texas study unit as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The sampling strategy for the intensive fixed-site assessment is centered on obtaining information about the occurrence and seasonal patterns of selected constituents including nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The three sites selected to determine the effects of agriculture and urbanization on surface-water quality in the study unit are Medina River at LaCoste (agriculture indicator site), Salado Creek (lower station) at San Antonio (urban indicator site), and San Antonio River near Elmendorf (integrator site).Concentrations of two nutrients, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus, were largest at the integrator site, which is downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at this site often exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. All total phosphorus concentrations at the site exceeded the EPA recommended maximum concentration for streams not discharging directly into reservoirs. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at the integrator site tended to be smaller, and total phosphorus concentrations at the urban site tended to be larger in samples collected during stormflow than during base flow. The most detections and largest concentrations of three pesticides (atrazine, diazinon, and prometon) were in samples collected at the urban site. Some pesticide concentrations at the agriculture site showed a seasonal pattern of increasing concentrations during spring, the peak application season. Four pesticides (atrazine, deethylatrazine, diazinon, and prometon) were detected in at least 38 percent of samples collected at all three sites. The concentrations of all detected pesticides that have an MCL were less than the MCL at the three sites. More volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected at the urban indicator site than at the agriculture indicator site, mostly likely because more sources are located in urbanized areas. The most VOCs detected and the largest concentrations of two VOCs (chloroform and tetrahydrofuran) were in samples from the integrator site. More VOCs were detected in samples collected at the integrator site during stormflow than during base flow. The concentrations of all detected VOCs that have an MCL were less than the MCL at the three sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994155","usgsCitation":"Ging, P.B., 1999, Water-quality assessment of south-central Texas — Descriptions and comparisons of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds at three intensive fixed sites, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4155, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994155.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994155.PNG"},{"id":393468,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22938.htm"},{"id":327296,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994155/99-4155.pdf"},{"id":2191,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994155","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.546,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.694,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.694,\n              30.233\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.546,\n              30.233\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.546,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25822,"text":"wri994135 - 1999 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1995-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:41:44.97828","indexId":"wri994135","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4135","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1995-98","docAbstract":"<p>From 1995 through 1998, water-quality and aquatic-biological samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the Upper Mississippi River Basin in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Sites were selected and samples collected for integrated studies designed to provide a comprehensive description of water-quality conditions, to identify trends, and to determine the factors that affect existing conditions.</p>\n<p>This report describes the design, site-selection, and implementation of the study. Methods used to collect, process, and analyze samples; characterize sites; and assess habitat are described. A comprehensive list of sample sites is provided. Sample analyses for water-quality studies included chlorophyll <i>a</i>, major inorganic constituents, nutrients, trace elements, tritium, radon, environmental isotopes, organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and other synthetic and naturallyoccurring organic compounds. Aquatic-biological samples included fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and algal enumeration and identification, as well as synthetic-organic compounds and trace elements in fish tissue.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994135","usgsCitation":"Stark, J.R., Fallon, J.D., Fong, A.L., Goldstein, R.M., Hanson, P.E., Kroening, S., and Lee, K.E., 1999, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1995-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4135, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994135.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12250,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-4135.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392985,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22633.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ], [ -91.40625, 46.10370875598026 ], [ -91.4501953125, 46.0998999106273 ], 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