Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa consist of collecting hydrologic data and conducting interpretive studies. Hydrologic investigations in Iowa are made through three basic types of projects: (1) hydrologic data-collection programs; (2) local or areal studies; and (3) statewide or regional investigations. These projects are funded through cooperative joint-funding agreements with Federal, State, and local agencies and direct Federal funds. The data and the results of the interpretive studies are published or released by either the U.S. Geological Survey or by cooperating agencies. This report describes: (1) the hydrologic data-collection programs; (2) the local or areal hydrologic investigations; and (3) statewide or regional studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa during fiscal year 1992 and provides a list of selected water-resources references for Iowa.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the workshop on the effects of global climate change on hydrology and water resources at the catchment scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the Effects of Global Climate Change on Hydrology, and Water Resources at the Catchment Scale","conferenceDate":"Feb 3-6, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tsukuba, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"The Committee","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Bates, G.T., and Giorgi, F., 1992, Coupling of a lake model with a high resolution climate model for climate change studies, in Proceedings of the workshop on the effects of global climate change on hydrology and water resources at the catchment scale, Tsukuba, Japan, Feb 3-6, 1992, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, G. T.","contributorId":29147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":28186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169037,"text":"70169037 - 1992 - Herbicide and nitrate variation in alluvium underlying a cornfield at a site in Iowa County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T16:02:13","indexId":"70169037","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-01T17:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicide and nitrate variation in alluvium underlying a cornfield at a site in Iowa County, Iowa","docAbstract":"A hydrologic investigation to determine vertical and seasonal variation of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and nitrate at one location and to relate the variation to ground-water movement in the Iowa River alluvium was conducted in Iowa County, Iowa, from March 1986 to December 1987. Water samples were collected at discrete intervals through the alluvial sequence from the soil zone to the base of the aquifer. Alachlor, atrazine, and cyanazine were detected most frequently in the soil zone but also were present in the upper part of the alluvial aquifer. Alachlor was detected sporadically, whereas, atrazine, cyanazine, and nitrate were present throughout the year. In the alluvial aquifer, the herbicides generally were not detected during 1986 and were present in detectable concentrations for only a short period of time in the upper 1.6 meters of the aquifer during 1987. Nitrate was present throughout the alluvium and was stratified in the alluvial aquifer. The largest nitrate concentrations were detected in the middle part of the aquifer. Nitrate concentrations were variable only in the upper 2 meters of the aquifer. Vertical movement of herbicides and nitrate in the soil correlated with precipitation and degree of saturation. A clay layer retarded vertical movement of atrazine but not nitrate from the soil layer to the aquifer. Vertical movement could not account for the chemical variation in the alluvial aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb04012.x","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., Detroy, M., Cherryholmes, K., and Kuzniar, R., 1992, Herbicide and nitrate variation in alluvium underlying a cornfield at a site in Iowa County, Iowa: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1001-1011, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb04012.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1001","endPage":"1011","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Iowa County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8327,41.775],[-91.8335,41.6865],[-91.8337,41.6006],[-91.827,41.6001],[-91.8291,41.5116],[-91.9463,41.5108],[-92.0659,41.5104],[-92.183,41.5098],[-92.2995,41.5096],[-92.2986,41.6008],[-92.3017,41.6008],[-92.3014,41.6889],[-92.2999,41.7765],[-92.299,41.8623],[-92.1832,41.8626],[-92.066,41.8627],[-91.949,41.8618],[-91.8318,41.8617]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e3fa4fe4b0f59b85d49444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detroy, M.G.","contributorId":6066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detroy","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherryholmes, K.","contributorId":67672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherryholmes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185759,"text":"70185759 - 1992 - Deposition of aerially applied BT in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:26:47","indexId":"70185759","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition of aerially applied BT in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model","docAbstract":"Data are provided from 17 single-swath aerial spray trials that were conducted over a fully leafed, 16-m tall, mixed oak forest. The distribution of cross-swath spray deposits was sampled at the top of the canopy and below the canopy. Micrometeorological conditions were measured above and within the canopy during the spray trials. The USDA Forest Service FSCBG (Forest Service-Cramer-Barry-Grim) model was run to predict the target sampler catch for each trial using forest stand, airplane-application-equipment configuration, and micrometeorological conditions as inputs. Observations showed an average cross-swath deposition of 100 IU cm−2 with large run-to-run variability in deposition patterns, magnitudes, and drift. Eleven percent of the spray material that reached the top of the canopy penetrated through the tree canopy to the forest floor.
The FSCBG predictions of the ensemble-averaged deposition were within 17% of the measured deposition at the canopy top and within 8% on the ground beneath the canopy. Run-to-run deposit predictions by FSCBG were considerably less variable than the measured deposits. Individual run predictions were much less accurate than the ensemble-averaged predictions as demonstrated by an average root-mean-square-error (rmse) of 27.9 IU CM−2 at the top of the canopy. Comparisons of the differences between predicted and observed deposits indicated that the model accuracy was sensitive to atmospheric stability conditions. In neutral and stable conditions, a regular pattern of error was indicated by overprediction of the canopy-top deposit at distances from 0 to 20 m downwind from the flight line and underprediction of the deposit both farther downwind than 20 m and upwind of the flight line. In unstable conditions the model generally underpredicted the deposit downwind from the flight line, but showed no regular pattern of error.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society ","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1457:DOAABI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.E., Miller, D.R., Wang, Y., Yendol, W.G., Mierzejewski, K., and McManus, M.L., 1992, Deposition of aerially applied BT in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, p. 1457-1466, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1457:DOAABI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"1457","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1457:doaabi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":true,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David R.","contributorId":189614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Yansen","contributorId":189613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yansen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yendol, William G.","contributorId":189987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yendol","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mierzejewski, Karl","contributorId":189988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mierzejewski","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70127887,"text":"70127887 - 1992 - Influence of landscape structure on the hydrologic cycle and regional and global climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:52:46","indexId":"70127887","displayToPublicDate":"1992-11-05T10:21:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Influence of landscape structure on the hydrologic cycle and regional and global climate","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Influence of Landscape Structure on the Hydrologic Cycle and Regional and Global Climate: AWRA Symposium on Managing Water Resources During Global Change","conferenceTitle":"Influence of Landscape Structure on the Hydrologic Cycle and Regional and Global Climate: AWRA Symposium on Managing Water Resources During Global Change","conferenceDate":"1992-11-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Pielke, R.A., Baron, J., Kittel, T.G., Lee, T.J., Chase, T.N., and Cram, J.M., 1992, Influence of landscape structure on the hydrologic cycle and regional and global climate, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6964e4b092f17df5a8be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pielke, R. A.","contributorId":13163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, T. J.","contributorId":26234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chase, T. N.","contributorId":30927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cram, J. M.","contributorId":78260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cram","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185459,"text":"70185459 - 1992 - Deep-living microbes mount a relentless attack on rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:22:23","indexId":"70185459","displayToPublicDate":"1992-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep-living microbes mount a relentless attack on rock","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.258.5080.222","usgsCitation":"Appenzeller, T., 1992, Deep-living microbes mount a relentless attack on rock: Science, v. 258, no. 5080, p. 222-222, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5080.222.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"222","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"5080","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appenzeller, T.","contributorId":189668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Appenzeller","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185475,"text":"70185475 - 1992 - Modeling biotic uptake by periphyton and transient hyporrheic storage of nitrate in a natural stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:03:14","indexId":"70185475","displayToPublicDate":"1992-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling biotic uptake by periphyton and transient hyporrheic storage of nitrate in a natural stream","docAbstract":"To a convection-dispersion hydrologic transport model we coupled a transient storage submodel (Bencala, 1984) and a biotic uptake submodel based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Kim et al., 1990). Our purpose was threefold: (1) to simulate nitrate retention in response to change in load in a third-order stream, (2) to differentiate biotic versus hydrologie factors in nitrate retention, and (3) to produce a research tool whose properties are consistent with laboratory and field observations. Hydrodynamic parameters were fitted from chloride concentration during a 20-day chloride-nitrate coinjection (Bencala, 1984), and biotic uptake kinetics were based on flume studies by Kim et al. (1990) and Triska et al. (1983). Nitrate concentration from the 20-day coinjection experiment served as a base for model validation. The complete transport retention model reasonably predicted the observed nitrate concentration. However, simulations which lacked either the transient storage submodel or the biotic uptake submodel poorly predicted the observed nitrate concentration. Model simulations indicated that transient storage in channel and hyporrheic interstices dominated nitrate retention within the first 24 hours, whereas biotic uptake dominated thereafter. A sawtooth function for Vmax ranging from 0.10 to 0.17 μg NO3-N s−1 gAFDM−1 (grams ash free dry mass) slightly underpredicted nitrate retention in simulations of 2–7 days. This result was reasonable since uptake by other nitrate-demanding processes were not included. The model demonstrated how ecosystem retention is an interaction between physical and biotic processes and supports the validity of coupling separate hydrodynamic and reactive submodels to established solute transport models in biological studies of fluvial ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01229","usgsCitation":"Kim, B.K., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F.J., 1992, Modeling biotic uptake by periphyton and transient hyporrheic storage of nitrate in a natural stream: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2743-2752, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01229.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"2743","endPage":"2752","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.08096313476562,\n 41.3427935623111\n ],\n [\n -124.10842895507811,\n 41.235478485093836\n ],\n [\n -124.07546997070311,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -124.06997680664062,\n 41.17348566059416\n ],\n [\n -123.96217346191406,\n 41.08142149109681\n ],\n [\n -123.84475708007811,\n 41.12643528544449\n ],\n [\n -123.98208618164061,\n 41.23960925180692\n ],\n [\n -123.95805358886719,\n 41.33660710626423\n ],\n [\n -124.08096313476562,\n 41.3427935623111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Brian K.A.","contributorId":189684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185464,"text":"70185464 - 1992 - A geochemical transport model for redox-controlled movement of mineral fronts in groundwater flow systems: A case of nitrate removal by oxidation of pyrite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T09:43:24","indexId":"70185464","displayToPublicDate":"1992-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochemical transport model for redox-controlled movement of mineral fronts in groundwater flow systems: A case of nitrate removal by oxidation of pyrite","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional prototype geochemical transport model was developed in order to handle simultaneous precipitation-dissolution and oxidation-reduction reactions governed by chemical equilibria. Total aqueous component concentrations are the primary dependent variables, and a sequential iterative approach is used for the calculation. The model was verified by analytical and numerical comparisons and is able to simulate sharp mineral fronts. At a site in Denmark, denitrification has been observed by oxidation of pyrite. Simulation of nitrate movement at this site showed a redox front movement rate of 0.58 m yr−1, which agreed with calculations of others. It appears that the sequential iterative approach is the most practical for extension to multidimensional simulation and for handling large numbers of components and reactions. However, slow convergence may limit the size of redox systems that can be handled.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01264","usgsCitation":"Engesgaard, P., and Kipp, K.L., 1992, A geochemical transport model for redox-controlled movement of mineral fronts in groundwater flow systems: A case of nitrate removal by oxidation of pyrite: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2829-2843, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01264.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"2829","endPage":"2843","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engesgaard, Peter","contributorId":49044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engesgaard","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185794,"text":"70185794 - 1992 - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:45:56","indexId":"70185794","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation","docAbstract":"An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer was used for the quantitative measurement of trace elements In specific,submicrometer size-fraction particulates, separated by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Fractions were collected from the eluent of the field-flow fractionation centrifuge and nebulized, with a Babington-type pneumatic nebulizer, into an argon inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Measured Ion currents were used to quantify the major, minor, and trace element composition of the size-separated colloidal (< 1-microm diameter) particulates. The composition of surface-water suspended matter collected from the Yarra and Darling rivers in Australia is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this tool for characterizing environmental materials. An adsorption experiment was performed using cadmium lon to demonstrate the utility for studying the processes of trace metal-suspended sediment interactions and contaminant transport in natural aquatic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00042a005","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., Murphy, D.M., and Beckett, R., 1992, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, no. 18, p. 2036-2041, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00042a005.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2036","endPage":"2041","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c68571c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Deirdre M.","contributorId":189665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Deirdre","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beckett, Ronald","contributorId":190005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckett","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185462,"text":"70185462 - 1992 - Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:16:27","indexId":"70185462","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","title":"Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as an age‐dating tool and tracer in shallow groundwaters has been investigated. New methodology for field sampling and preserving groundwaters containing parts per trillion concentrations of the CFCs, F‐1l and F‐12, is presented. Samples are analyzed by purge‐and‐trap gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Physical and chemical processes that can alter natural concentrations (air‐water equilibrium) of CFCs were investigated to assess dating uncertainties. CFC model recharge ages appear to be defined within 2 years under optimum conditions. The method was applied to central Oklahoma to demonstrate the usefulness of CFCs as (1) an age‐dating tool of shallow groundwaters, (2) a tracer of sewage effluent in surface and shallow groundwaters, and (3) a tracer of shallow groundwater. Results of dating indicate two primary recharge periods in central Oklahoma over the past 45 years that correspond to the wet periods 1945–1960 and 1967–1975.
Increment cores were collected from trees growing at two sites where groundwater is contaminated by nickel. Proton-induced X ray emission spectroscopy was used to determine the nickel concentrations in selected individual rings and in parts of individual rings. Ring nickel concentrations were interpreted on the basis of recent concentrations of nickel in aquifers, historical information about site use activities, and model simulations of groundwater flow. Nickel concentrations in rings increased during years of site use but not in trees outside the contaminated aquifers. Consequently, it was concluded that trees may preserve in their rings an annual record of nickel contamination in groundwater. Tulip trees and oaks contained higher concentrations of nickel than did sassafras, sweet gum, or black cherry. No evidence was found that nickel accumulates consistently within parts of individual rings or that nickel is translocated across ring boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00731","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1992, Relation of nickel concentrations in tree rings to groundwater contamination: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2077-2083, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00731.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2077","endPage":"2083","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185473,"text":"70185473 - 1992 - Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:42:49","indexId":"70185473","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities","docAbstract":"Hydraulic conductivity (K) variability in a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, was measured and subsequently used in stochastic transport theories to estimate macrodispersivities. Nearly 1500 K measurements were obtained by borehole flowmeter tests and permeameter analyses of cores. The geometric mean for the flowmeter tests (0.11 cm/s) is similar to that estimated from other field tests. The mean for the permeameter tests (0.035 cm/s) is significantly lower, possibly because of compaction of the cores. The variance for the flowmeter (0.24) is also greater than that for the permeameter (0.14). Geostatistical analyses applying negative exponential models with and without nuggets reveal similar spatial correlation structures for the two data sets. Estimated correlation scales range from 2.9 to 8 m in the horizontal and from 0.18 to 0.38 m in the vertical. Estimates of asymptotic longitudinal dispersivity (b.35–0.78 m) are similar in magnitude to that observed in the natural gradient tracer test (0.96 m) previously conducted at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00668","usgsCitation":"Hess, K.M., Wolf, S.H., and Celia, M.A., 1992, Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2011-2027, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00668.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"2011","endPage":"2027","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Otis Air National Guard Base ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.565185546875,\n 41.62750490530729\n ],\n [\n -70.47557830810547,\n 41.62750490530729\n ],\n [\n -70.47557830810547,\n 41.69214238294329\n ],\n [\n -70.565185546875,\n 41.69214238294329\n ],\n [\n -70.565185546875,\n 41.62750490530729\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Kathryn M.","contributorId":49012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Steven H.","contributorId":189682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Celia, Michael A.","contributorId":189683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073369,"text":"70073369 - 1992 - Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T14:03:11","indexId":"70073369","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T13:59:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis","docAbstract":"Values of average annual precipitation (AAP) are desired for hydrologic studies within a watershed containing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear-waste repository. Reliable values of AAP are not yet available for most areas within this watershed because of a sparsity of precipitation measurements and the need to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time. To estimate AAP over the entire watershed, historical precipitation data and station elevations were obtained from a network of 62 stations in southern Nevada and southeastern California. Multivariate geostatistics (cokriging) was selected as an estimation method because of a significant (p = 0.05) correlation of r = .75 between the natural log of AAP and station elevation. A sample direct variogram for the transformed variable, TAAP = ln [(AAP) 1000], was fitted with an isotropic, spherical model defined by a small nugget value of 5000, a range of 190 000 ft, and a sill value equal to the sample variance of 163 151. Elevations for 1531 additional locations were obtained from topographic maps to improve the accuracy of cokriged estimates. A sample direct variogram for elevation was fitted with an isotropic model consisting of a nugget value of 5500 and three nested transition structures: a Gaussian structure with a range of 61 000 ft, a spherical structure with a range of 70 000 ft, and a quasi-stationary, linear structure. The use of an isotropic, stationary model for elevation was considered valid within a sliding-neighborhood radius of 120 000 ft. The problem of fitting a positive-definite, nonlinear model of coregionalization to an inconsistent sample cross variogram for TAAP and elevation was solved by a modified use of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. A selected cross-variogram model consisted of two nested structures: a Gaussian structure with a range of 61 000 ft and a spherical structure with a range of 190 000 ft. Cross validation was used for model selection and for comparing the geostatistical model with six alternate estimation methods. Multivariate geostatistics provided the best cross-validation results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., Istok, J.D., and Flint, A.L., 1992, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 661-676, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:peimtu>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7402,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,35.1918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c53e4b0b290851047b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph A. 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073361,"text":"70073361 - 1992 - Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:40:33","indexId":"70073361","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T13:30:56","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps","docAbstract":"Values of average annual precipitation (AAP) may be important for hydrologic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear-waste repository site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Reliable measurements of AAP are sparse in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, and estimates of AAP were needed for an isohyetal mapping over a 2600-square-mile watershed containing Yucca Mountain. Estimates were obtained with a multivariate geostatistical model developed using AAP and elevation data from a network of 42 precipitation stations in southern Nevada and southeastern California. An additional 1531 elevations were obtained to improve estimation accuracy. Isohyets representing estimates obtained using univariate geostatistics (kriging) defined a smooth and continuous surface. Isohyets representing estimates obtained using multivariate geostatistics (cokriging) defined an irregular surface that more accurately represented expected local orographic influences on AAP. Cokriging results included a maximum estimate within the study area of 335 mm at an elevation of 7400 ft, an average estimate of 157 mm for the study area, and an average estimate of 172 mm at eight locations in the vicinity of the potential repository site. Kriging estimates tended to be lower in comparison because the increased AAP expected for remote mountainous topography was not adequately represented by the available sample. Regression results between cokriging estimates and elevation were similar to regression results between measured AAP and elevation. The position of the cokriging 250-mm isohyet relative to the boundaries of pinyon pine and juniper woodlands provided indirect evidence of improved estimation accuracy because the cokriging result agreed well with investigations by others concerning the relationship between elevation, vegetation, and climate in the Great Basin. Calculated estimation variances were also mapped and compared to evaluate improvements in estimation accuracy. Cokriging estimation variances were reduced by an average of 54% relative to kriging variances within the study area. Cokriging reduced estimation variances at the potential repository site by 55% relative to kriging. The usefulness of an existing network of stations for measuring AAP within the study area was evaluated using cokriging variances, and twenty additional stations were located for the purpose of improving the accuracy of future isohyetal mappings. Using the expanded network of stations, the maximum cokriging estimation variance within the study area was reduced by 78% relative to the existing network, and the average estimation variance was reduced by 52%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., Flint, A.L., and Istok, J.D., 1992, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 677-688, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"688","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:peimtu>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":281192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7402,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,35.1918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c53e4b0b290851047b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph A. 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185468,"text":"70185468 - 1992 - Solute transport with multiple equilibrium-controlled or kinetically controlled chemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T15:25:10.396263","indexId":"70185468","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with multiple equilibrium-controlled or kinetically controlled chemical reactions","docAbstract":"A new approach is applied to the problem of modeling solute transport accompanied by many chemical reactions. The approach, based on concepts of the concentration space and its stoichiometric subspaces, uses elements of the subspaces as primary dependent variables. It is shown that the resulting model equations are compact in form, isolate the chemical reaction expressions from flow expressions, and can be used for either equilibrium or kinetically controlled reactions. The implications of the results on numerical algorithms for solving the equations are discussed. The application of the theory is illustrated throughout with examples involving a simple but broadly representative set of reactions previously considered in the literature. Numerical results are presented for four interconnected reactions: a homogeneous complexation reaction, two sorption reactions, and a dissolution/precipitation reaction. Three cases are considered: (1) four kinetically controlled reactions, (2) four equilibrium-controlled reactions, and (3) a system with two kinetically controlled reactions and two equilibrium-controlled reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00699","usgsCitation":"Friedly, J.C., and Rubin, J., 1992, Solute transport with multiple equilibrium-controlled or kinetically controlled chemical reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 7, p. 1935-1953, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00699.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1935","endPage":"1953","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedly, John C.","contributorId":189678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedly","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185476,"text":"70185476 - 1992 - Discussion of \"The modeling process and model validation\" by Chin-Fu Tsang","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:28:23","indexId":"70185476","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of \"The modeling process and model validation\" by Chin-Fu Tsang","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01543.x","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1992, Discussion of \"The modeling process and model validation\" by Chin-Fu Tsang: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 4, p. 622-623, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01543.x.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"622","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185478,"text":"70185478 - 1992 - Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T15:28:33.754144","indexId":"70185478","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants","docAbstract":"The feed forward (FF) method derives efficient operational equations for simulating transport of reacting solutes. It has been shown to be applicable in the presence of networks with any number of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous, classical reaction segments that consist of three, at most binary participants. Using a sequential (network type after network type) exploration approach and, independently, theoretical explanations, it is demonstrated for networks with classical reaction segments containing more than three, at most binary participants that if any one of such networks leads to a solvable transport problem then the FF method is applicable. Ways of helping to avoid networks that produce problem insolvability are developed and demonstrated. A previously suggested algebraic, matrix rank procedure has been adapted and augmented to serve as the main, easy-to-apply solvability test for already postulated networks. Four network conditions that often generate insolvability have been identified and studied. Their early detection during network formulation may help to avoid postulation of insolvable networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00572","usgsCitation":"Rubin, J., 1992, Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled, classical reactions: Problem solvability and feed forward method's applicability for complex segments of at most binary participants: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1681-1702, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00572.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185779,"text":"70185779 - 1992 - Associations between benthic flora and diel changes in dissolved arsenic, phosphorus, and related physico-chemical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:22:20","indexId":"70185779","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between benthic flora and diel changes in dissolved arsenic, phosphorus, and related physico-chemical parameters","docAbstract":"Diel relationships between physical and chemical parameters and biomass were examined along a 57-km reach of Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, between 29 August and 2 September 1988. A time lag of ∼3-6 h for fluctuations in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations (ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μM at the downstream sites) relative to dissolved arsenic (ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 μM as arsenate (pentavalent arsenic)) was consistent with our laboratory studies (reported elsewhere) showing preferential cell sorption of orthophosphate over arsenate by creek periphyton. The potential biological effects on SRP diel fluctuations contrasts with abiotic sorption controls for dissolved arsenate (a chemically similar anion). Cycles for pH, like water temperature cycles, lagged irradiance cycles by 1-3 h. Like pH, the amplitude of dissolved arsenic diel cycles was greatest at the site with most abundant biomass. Diel fluctuations in specific conductance (an indicator of groundwater inputs at elevated conductivity relative to the water column) were out of phase with both SRP and dissolved arsenic concentrations suggesting that groundwater was not the direct source of these solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago ","doi":"10.2307/1467387","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., 1992, Associations between benthic flora and diel changes in dissolved arsenic, phosphorus, and related physico-chemical parameters: Freshwater Science, v. 11, no. 2, p. 218-222, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467387.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c68571e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185469,"text":"70185469 - 1992 - Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T06:28:48","indexId":"70185469","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”","docAbstract":"In reply to the Critical Comment of R. K. Stoessell (this issue), limiting activity coefficients of bromide in halite (γNaBr) have been calculated by least-squares fitting of Simons et al.'s (1952) bromide distribution coefficient data for the Na(Cl,Br)-NaOH-H2O system at 35°C. Regular and subregular solidsolution model fits give γNaBr = 7.4 and γNaBr = 8.8, respectively. The Br contents of halite at equilibrium with seawater at initial halite saturation, calculated from the regular and subregular fits, are 17 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. A survey of literature data for trace bromide in halite shows a wide spread in distribution coefficients, with lower values (DBr≈ 0.01) reported by Bloch and Schnerb (1953), Puchelt et al. (1972), and Lutz (1975), and higher values (DBr− ≈ 0.03) reported by Braitsch and Herrmann (1963), Kühn (1968), Herrmann (1972), Herrmann (1980), Mccaffrey et al. (1987), valiashko et al. (1976), Valiashko and Lavrova (1976), and Fontes (pers. commun., 1990). The measurement of stoichiometric saturation states for halite (or sylvite) with trace bromide mole-fractions is not practical, given the insensitivity of the measured solubilities on the bromide mole-fractions. Distribution coefficient measurements, with proof of thermodynamic equilibrium, need to be obtained instead, to conclusively determine the thermodynamic-mixing properties of both Na(Cl,Br) and K(Cl,Br) solidsolution series at very low mole-fractions of bromide. The applicability of the stoichiometric saturation concept to the interpretation of precipitation processes is questionable, primarily because the concept requires solid-solutions to behave as one-component solids with fixed composition. Lippmann diagrams are useful in depicting stoichiometric saturation, endmember saturation, and thermodynamic equilibrium states in binary-solid-solution aqueous-solution systems. Lippmann diagrams can contribute a better understanding of these systems, regardless of the concentration of the endmember components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Reardon, E.J., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1992, Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 6, p. 2559-2572, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"2559","endPage":"2572","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, Eric J.","contributorId":189679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reardon","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185466,"text":"70185466 - 1992 - Fate of alkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltetralinsulfonates in sewage contaminated ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:56:40","indexId":"70185466","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of alkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltetralinsulfonates in sewage contaminated ground water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es50002a600","usgsCitation":"Field, J.A., Barber, L.B., Thurman, E.M., Moore, B.L., Lawrence, D.L., and Peake, D.A., 1992, Fate of alkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltetralinsulfonates in sewage contaminated ground water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1140-1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/es50002a600.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1148","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Jennifer A.","contributorId":18632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Billy L.","contributorId":189672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawrence, David L.","contributorId":189673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peake, David A.","contributorId":189674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203372,"text":"70203372 - 1992 - Hydrological, geomorphological, and chemical effects of Hurricane Andrew on coastal marshes of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T10:21:09","indexId":"70203372","displayToPublicDate":"1992-05-08T11:24:43","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological, geomorphological, and chemical effects of Hurricane Andrew on coastal marshes of Louisiana","docAbstract":"Hydrological conditions are reported for the hurricane-induced storm surge at marsh sites in Terrebonne and Barataria Basins. There was a 6 hour or greater delay in the arrival of the storm surge at interior marsh sites compared to coastal locations. A water surge of about 1.5 m with a salinity of 10–15‰ was recorded at an intermediate salinity marsh site in Terrebonne Basin where significant geomorphological changes occurred with lateral movement and stacking of marsh vegetation and sediment, erosion, and the conversion of wetlands to open water. A residual salt wedge attributed to the storm surge was detected in sediments at this intermediate marsh site about 55 days after the hurricane. In the pore water, at 30 cm in depth, there were increases in alkalinity, ammonia, phosphate, and manganese, but not iron or sulfide, although there was a significant depletion of sulfur with respect to chloride. The increases in concentration of these species in the pore water suggests that there was an increase in organic matter decomposition. Although increases in sulfide phytotoxicity were not obvious, the residual salinity of pore water may influence wetland loss through longer-term impacts on macrophyte production. Storm-induced sediment deposition, which will help ameliorate wetland loss, was observed at a salt marsh site in Terrebonne Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Jackson, L.L., Foote, A., and Balistrieri, L.S., 1992, Hydrological, geomorphological, and chemical effects of Hurricane Andrew on coastal marshes of Louisiana: Journal of Coastal Research, p. 306-323.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25736017"}],"country":"United 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252edde4b0e641df8a721e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185481,"text":"70185481 - 1992 - A spatial length scale analysis of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations within and above an orchard canopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T13:48:10","indexId":"70185481","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1072,"text":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial length scale analysis of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations within and above an orchard canopy","docAbstract":"Turbulent flow within and above an almond orchard was measured with three-dimensional wind sensors and fine-wire thermocouple sensors arranged in a horizontal array. The data showed organized turbulent structures as indicated by coherent asymmetric ramp patterns in the time series traces across the sensor array. Space-time correlation analysis indicated that velocity and temperature fluctuations were significantly correlated over a transverse distance more than 4m. Integral length scales of velocity and temperature fluctuations were substantially greater in unstable conditions than those in stable conditions. The coherence spectral analysis indicated that Davenport's geometric similarity hypothesis was satisfied in the lower frequency region. From the geometric similarity hypothesis, the spatial extents of large ramp structures were also estimated with the coherence functions.
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Advances in theory provide the analytical tools required to understand the properties of measured seismic waves, and to relate those properties to such quantities as shear and compressional velocity and attenuation, and primary and fracture porosity and permeability of potential reservoir rocks. The theory demonstrates that all parts of recorded waveforms are related to various modes of propagation, even in the case of dipole and quadrupole source logging. However, the theory also indicates that these mode properties can be used to design velocity and attenuation picking schemes, and shows how source frequency spectra can be selected to optimize results in specific applications. Synthetic microseismogram computations are an effective tool in waveform interpretation theory; they demonstrate how shear arrival picks and mode attenuation can be used to compute shear velocity and intrinsic attenuation, and formation permeability for monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources. Array processing of multi-receiver data offers the opportunity to apply even more sophisticated analysis techniques. Synthetic microseismogram data is used to illustrate the application of the maximum-likelihood method, semblance cross-correlation, and Prony's method analysis techniques to determine seismic velocities and attenuations. The interpretation of acoustic waveform logs is illustrated by reviews of various practical applications, including synthetic seismogram generation, lithology determination, estimation of geomechanical properties in situ, permeability estimation, and design of hydraulic fracture operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., Cheng, C., and Pennington, W., 1992, Acoustic waveform logging: Advances in theory and application: Log Analyst, v. 33, no. 3, p. 239-258.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75185"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennington, W.D.","contributorId":189995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}