In 1979, before the primary Zn smelter at Palmerton was closed due to excessive Zn and Cd emissions and change in the price of Zn, we were contacted by a local veterinarian regarding death of foals (young horses) on farms near the smelter. To examine whether Zn or Cd contamination of forage or soils could be providing potentially toxic levels of Zn or other elements in the diets of foals, we measured metals in forages, soils, and feces of grazing livestock on two farms near Palmerton. The farms were about 2.5 and about 10 km northeast of the East stack. Soils, forages, and feces were greatly increased in Zn and Cd. Soil, forage, and fecal Zn were near 1000 mg/kg and Cd, 10-20 mg/kg at farm A (2.5 km) compared to normal background levels of 43 mg Zn and 0.2 mg Cd/kg, respectively. Liver and kidney of cattle raised on Farm A were increased in Zn and Cd, indicating that at least part of the Zn and Cd in smelter contaminated forages was bioavailable. During the farm sampling, we obtained soil from one garden in Palmerton within 200 m of the primary (West) smelter. The Borough surrounds the smelter facility in a valley. Because soil Cd was near 100 mg/kg, we sampled garden soils and vegetables from over 40 gardens in 6 randomly selected blocks and in rural areas at different distances from the smelter during September, 1980. All homes were contacted on each sampled block. Nearly all homes had some garden, while at least 2 appeared to grow over 50% of their annual vegetable and potato consumption. Palmerton garden soils averaged 76 mg Cd/kg and 5830 mg Zn/kg. Gardeners had been taught to add limestone and organic fertilizers to counteract yield reduction and chlorosis due to the excessive soil Zn. Gardens with over 5000 mg Zn/kg were nearly allover pH 7, and many were calcareous. Because the smelter had not yet ceased operations in 1980, crops could have been polluted by aerosol Zn and Cd emitted by the smelter. Crop Zn and Cd were extremely high, about 100 times normal Cd levels. In more distant gardens, soil metals were not so high, and gardeners had not added as much limestone. Bean rotated with the potatoes and leafy vegetables often suffered chlorosis and visible yield reduction. Potatoes contained up to 6 mg Cd/kg dry wt. compared to backgrournd 0.20 mg/kg DW. An estimate of potential Zn and Cd intakes due to the contaminated crops was made using the teen-aged male diet model, and average Cd intakes would be 250 ug/day if diets contained 100% locally grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes. Gardeners were warned to restrict consumption of garden grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes, and to apply 22 T/A of limestone to restrict Cd uptake. Use of improved adult diet models, and increased understanding of the effect of Zn on Cd bioavailability indicate that little Cd risk may result from consuming garden vegetables grown at Palmerton. Individuals appear to be protected because Zn accompanied crop Cd, they grew only small amounts of vegetables in most cases, and aerosol pollution of crops has ceased. Reduced Zn emissions, and Cu supplementation have prevented further health effects on foals or cattle. Detailed examination of these risks is needed to develop remedial measures for both farms and gardens in the Zn + Cd polluted soils near Zn smelters at many locations in the United States and other countries. Remedial actions are necessarary to prevent chronic Zn toxicity to crops and livestock, and minimize the risk of chronic Cd toxicity to humans who consume locally grown garden crops.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chaney, R.L., Beyer, W., Gifford, C., and Sileo, L., 1988, Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA: Trace Substances in Environmental Health, v. 22, p. 263-280.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236400202_Effects_of_zinc_smelter_emissions_on_farms_and_gardens_at_Palmerton_PA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ],\n [\n -75.80909729003906,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -75.77407836914062,\n 40.686886382151116\n ],\n [\n -75.72807312011719,\n 40.72124187397379\n ],\n [\n -75.65322875976562,\n 40.74465591168391\n ],\n [\n -75.51864624023438,\n 40.7717018705776\n ],\n [\n -75.37513732910156,\n 40.80237530523985\n ],\n [\n -75.39985656738281,\n 40.83355409739852\n ],\n [\n -75.53924560546875,\n 40.842385424129375\n ],\n [\n -75.67176818847656,\n 40.80705305827059\n ],\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaney, R. L.","contributorId":81851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gifford, C.H.","contributorId":99934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gifford","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220732,"text":"5220732 - 1988 - Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:34:56.79531","indexId":"5220732","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity","docAbstract":"Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs were collected in 14 states in 1970–79 and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury. Moderate shell thinning occurred in eggs from several areas. DDE was detected in all eggs, PCBs in 99%, DDD in 96%, dieldrin in 52%, and other compounds less frequently. Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites declined in eggs from Cape May County, New Jersey between 1970–72 and 1978–79. Eggs from New Jersey in the early 1970s contained the highest concentrations of DDE. Dieldrin concentrations declined in eggs from the Potomac River, Maryland during 1971–77. Five different contaminants were significantly negatively correlated with shell thickness; DDE was most closely correlated. Ten percent shell thinning was associated with 2.0 ppm DDE, 15% with 4.2 ppm, and 20% with 8.7 ppm in eggs collected from randomly selected nests before egg loss. Shell thickness could not be accurately predicted from DDE concentrations in eggs collected after failure to hatch, presumably because the eggs with the thinnest shells had been broken and were unavailable for sampling. DDE was also significantly negatively correlated with brood size. Other contaminants did not appear to adversely affect shell thickness or reproductive success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01061982","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Bunck, C.M., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1988, Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 767-787, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061982.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"787","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":332312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, Alexander J.","contributorId":81542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221948,"text":"5221948 - 1988 - MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5221948","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":848,"text":"Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes","docAbstract":"Algorithms are described for determining optimal policies for finite state, finite action, infinite discrete time horizon Markov decision processes. Both value-improvement and policy-improvement techniques are used in the algorithms. Computing procedures are also described. The algorithms are appropriate for processes that are either finite or infinite, deterministic or stochastic, discounted or undiscounted, in any meaningful combination of these features. Computing procedures are described in terms of initial data processing, bound improvements, process reduction, and testing and solution. Application of the methodology is illustrated with an example involving natural resource management. Management implications of certain hypothesized relationships between mallard survival and harvest rates are addressed by applying the optimality procedures to mallard population models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/asm.3150040405","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1988, MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes: Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, v. 4, no. 4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150040405.","productDescription":"253-271","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17888,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150040405","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224581,"text":"5224581 - 1988 - The eighty-eighth Christmas Bird Count: SD MD. Southern Dorchester County, MD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5224581","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eighty-eighth Christmas Bird Count: SD MD. Southern Dorchester County, MD","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1988, The eighty-eighth Christmas Bird Count: SD MD. Southern Dorchester County, MD: American Birds, v. 42, no. 4, p. 736-737.","productDescription":"736-737","startPage":"736","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222247,"text":"5222247 - 1988 - Reproduction in black-crowned night-herons fed selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T13:33:35.273586","indexId":"5222247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction in black-crowned night-herons fed selenium","docAbstract":"Agricultural and industrial practices can produce wastewater that contains high concentrations of selenium, a naturally-occurring trace element. Selenium entering aquatic systems through wastewater inflow can accumulate in aquatic food chains to levels that may be toxic to fish and wildlife species. Mallard reproduction is known to be adversely affected by 10 ppm selenium in the diet (containing 7–10 percent moisture, in the form of selenomethionine); however, hatching success of eggs laid by black-crowned night-herons fed a 10 ppm selenium diet, as selenomethionine, in this study was not different from eggs laid by herons fed an unsupplemented diet (0.1 ppm selenium). Organ weights, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrits, eggshell thickness, and shell thickness did not differ between controls and herons receiving 10 ppm selenium. Developmental malformations commonly associated with selenium exposure in other birds were not observed in heron embryos or hatchlings in the 10 ppm group. However, three-day-old hatchlings from herons fed 10 ppm selenium had shorter radius-ulna and femur lengths and higher liver malondialdehyde concentrations than controls. Selenium residues in heron eggs were lower than those reported in mallards fed the same amount of selenium. Results of this study suggest that herons are less sensitive to the toxic effects of selenium than mallards. Other hypotheses are also considered to explain the different responses of the two species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438148809354825","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Spann, J.W., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1988, Reproduction in black-crowned night-herons fed selenium: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 175-180, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148809354825.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148809354825","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5220730,"text":"5220730 - 1988 - Birds and environmental contaminants in San Francisco and Chesapeake Bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5220730","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birds and environmental contaminants in San Francisco and Chesapeake Bays","docAbstract":"The direct and indirect effects of human activities, including environmental contamination, upon bird populations in San Francisco Bay and Chesapeake Bay are imperfectly understood, and few data are available. that allow a comparison of the contamination levels in birds from these two areas. Certain trace elements and organochlorine compounds have been found at sufficiently high concentrations in bird tissues or their foods to expect adverse effects in these birds, based upon results of field and laboratory studies conducted with other avian species. The decline and recovery of populations of many avian species have been recorded, including some associated with organochlorine contamination. The present paper summarizes available information on the occurrence and potential effects of contaminants upon birds in these two regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"3647_Ohlendorf.pdf","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., and Fleming, W.J., 1988, Birds and environmental contaminants in San Francisco and Chesapeake Bays: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 19, no. 9, p. 487-495.","productDescription":"487-495","startPage":"487","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17856,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-488Y8BD-1RF&_user=3109910&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F1988&_rdoc=11&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235819%231988%23999809990%23413382%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5819&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=11&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=3109910&md5=ba60e89ea5ceb6728a8ebb0b245f99fc","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222488,"text":"5222488 - 1988 - The breeding bug survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222488","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1655,"text":"Fish and Wildlife News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding bug survey","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Wildlife News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1988, The breeding bug survey: Fish and Wildlife News, no. August-September-Oct.","productDescription":"18","startPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"August-September-Oct","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222391,"text":"5222391 - 1988 - New perspectives on threats to cavity nesting birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222391","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3388,"text":"Sialia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New perspectives on threats to cavity nesting birds","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sialia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Footnote says 'This material was presented as the banquet speech at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the North American Bluebird Society, 19 Sept. 1987.'","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1988, New perspectives on threats to cavity nesting birds: Sialia, v. 10, no. 1, p. 18-19,.","productDescription":"18-19, 26","startPage":"18","endPage":"19,","numberOfPages":"-17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221171,"text":"5221171 - 1988 - Heat exposure and the toxicity of one number four lead shot in mallards, Anas platyrhynchos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T00:44:12.221989","indexId":"5221171","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat exposure and the toxicity of one number four lead shot in mallards, Anas platyrhynchos","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01881034","usgsCitation":"Srebocan, E., and Rattner, B., 1988, Heat exposure and the toxicity of one number four lead shot in mallards, Anas platyrhynchos: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 165-169, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01881034.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63d1f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Srebocan, E.","contributorId":72485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srebocan","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":333191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220734,"text":"5220734 - 1988 - Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks, Aythya valisineria, on Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T15:47:01.077744","indexId":"5220734","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks, Aythya valisineria, on Chesapeake Bay","title":"Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks, Aythya valisineria, on Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Baltic clams (Macoma balthica) were the predominant food items of 323 canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) collected throughout Chesapeake Bay during 1970–1979. Natural vegetation constituted 4% of the food volume. Widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) and redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus) constituted the greatest percent volume and frequency of occurrence among the plant species, whereas wild celery (Vallisneria americana) constituted only a trace of the food volume. These results contrast with historical records of food habits of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay. Canvasback population estimates during the 1970’s were examined to detect annual and seasonal changes in distribution. Linear regression analyses of winter canvasback populations in the bay showed a significant decline in the upper-bay and middle-bay populations, but no significant changes in the lower-bay and Potomac River populations. The changes in winter distribution and abundance of the canvasback appear related to changes in natural food availability, which is the result of altered environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351718","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Uhler, F., 1988, Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks, Aythya valisineria, on Chesapeake Bay: Estuaries, v. 11, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351718.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.73644178817331,\n 38.508637481363934\n ],\n [\n -75.79436548956258,\n 39.00549647859455\n ],\n [\n -75.85228919095114,\n 39.279534471199696\n ],\n [\n -75.80595010915324,\n 39.463124399060035\n ],\n [\n -75.76540351818103,\n 39.539105265513626\n ],\n [\n -75.85808144040372,\n 39.62392673426072\n ],\n [\n -76.17086942790378,\n 39.570367357991955\n ],\n [\n -76.43731845429353,\n 39.42286561285235\n ],\n [\n -76.66322088971036,\n 39.32883796883303\n ],\n [\n -76.64584377929404,\n 38.97848471313449\n ],\n [\n -76.74431407165478,\n 38.81619535351655\n ],\n [\n -77.08606390985017,\n 38.892878212169336\n ],\n [\n -77.12661050082237,\n 38.766532986524226\n ],\n [\n -77.29458923485066,\n 38.6490117216554\n ],\n [\n -77.4104366376285,\n 38.45876188172073\n ],\n [\n -77.31775871540653,\n 38.19976115070776\n ],\n [\n -77.06289442929435,\n 37.54592249039162\n ],\n [\n -77.36409767651749,\n 37.435619388466606\n ],\n [\n -77.34092819596167,\n 37.28368683100847\n ],\n [\n -77.03972494874006,\n 37.15453331151306\n ],\n [\n -76.7327293313781,\n 37.11759170281907\n ],\n [\n -76.6921827404059,\n 37.015909311631304\n ],\n [\n -76.65163614943368,\n 36.784306497764675\n ],\n [\n -76.58792007790564,\n 36.710045237088934\n ],\n [\n -76.22879312929392,\n 36.686823858030536\n ],\n [\n -75.97392884318242,\n 36.83068328068869\n ],\n [\n -75.99130595359878,\n 37.27907801385176\n ],\n [\n -75.80015773901535,\n 37.55969892262445\n ],\n [\n -75.58584004387605,\n 37.86670840751543\n ],\n [\n -75.60900952443193,\n 38.00832674996687\n ],\n [\n -75.72485692720973,\n 38.3225610859493\n ],\n [\n -75.73644178817331,\n 38.508637481363934\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae76e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uhler, F.M.","contributorId":81965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhler","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222047,"text":"5222047 - 1988 - The eighty-eighth Christmas bird count. Georgia, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5222047","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eighty-eighth Christmas bird count. Georgia, Florida","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1988, The eighty-eighth Christmas bird count. Georgia, Florida: American Birds, v. 42, no. 4, p. 534-535.","productDescription":"534-535","startPage":"534","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220763,"text":"5220763 - 1988 - Organochlorine and mercury residues in Swainson's and ferruginous hawk eggs collected in North and South Dakota, 1974-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T10:18:10","indexId":"5220763","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine and mercury residues in Swainson's and ferruginous hawk eggs collected in North and South Dakota, 1974-79","docAbstract":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury were measured in eggs of Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) and ferruginous hawks (B. regalis) collected in North and South Dakota during 1974–79. DDE was the most common compound detected in the eggs, but residues were below levels known to have adverse effects on reproduction. Other organochlorine compounds and mercury were found at low levels. Eggs of ferruginous hawks tended to contain more compounds with higher residues than eggs of Swainson's hawks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394254","usgsCitation":"Stendell, R.C., Gilmer, D.S., Coon, N., and Swineford, D.M., 1988, Organochlorine and mercury residues in Swainson's and ferruginous hawk eggs collected in North and South Dakota, 1974-79: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 10, no. 1, p. 37-41, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394254.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ab22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stendell, Rey C.","contributorId":8913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stendell","given":"Rey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Nancy A.","contributorId":196411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coon","given":"Nancy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swineford, Douglas M.","contributorId":176501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swineford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220786,"text":"5220786 - 1988 - Effects of dietary fluoride on reproduction in eastern screech-owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:42:34.347507","indexId":"5220786","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary fluoride on reproduction in eastern screech-owls","docAbstract":"Sixty-six eastern screech-owls (Otus asio) were paired and randomly assigned to dietary treatment groups of 0, 40, or 200 ppm (mg/kg) fluoride (as sodium fluoride) in November 1981. Hatching success was adversely affected at the 200 ppm (mg/kg) level, suggesting potential detrimental impacts to wild populations exposed to fluoride pollution. Eggshell thickness was unaffected. Although fluoride concentrations were elevated in bone and eggshells, large variations among individuals were observed as well as a trend for eggshell residues to increase with sequence of laying. Females had higher residues of fluoride in bone than males. Although fluoride levels in bone and eggshells are useful indicators of exposure, the variability in residues among individuals makes residue data from field collections of limited usefulness in assessing hazards in wild birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01056027","usgsCitation":"Pattee, O.H., Wiemeyer, S.N., and Swineford, D.M., 1988, Effects of dietary fluoride on reproduction in eastern screech-owls: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 213-218, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056027.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swineford, D. M.","contributorId":106839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220744,"text":"5220744 - 1988 - Postfledging survival of European starlings exposed as nestlings to an organophosphorus insecticide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T17:27:36.731684","indexId":"5220744","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postfledging survival of European starlings exposed as nestlings to an organophosphorus insecticide","docAbstract":"To test the hypothesis that exposure to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides reduces postfledging survival of altricial birds, 16—d—old European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were weighed and orally dosed with corn oil containing 6.0 mg of dicrotophos per kilogram of body mass or an equivalent exposure of pure corn oil (controls). Two days later, each survivor was weighed again and patagially tagged for identification after fledging. Resightings of marked fledglings were made during weekly 2—d intensive observations yielding four estimates of postfledging survival. Before fledging, only OP—dosed birds died (18.5%), and OP—dosed survivors lost more mass (5.2%, P = .001) than controls (1.4%) but their masses on day 18 were only slightly lower (2% of control mean, P = .10). Brain cholinesterase activity, a sensitive indicator of OP exposure in birds, was depressed and average of 93% in OP—dosed nestlings that died compared to controls, and an average of 46% in OP—dosed nestlings alive on day 18. Age at fledging, postfledging survival, flocking behavior, and habitat use, however, did not differ between OP—dosed and control birds. The effects of the OP on the nestlings appeared to be rapid, to be reversible in survivors, and did not extend into the postfledging period. In addition, we found no relationship between body mass at fledging and postfledging survival.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941008","usgsCitation":"Stromborg, K., Grue, C., Nichols, J., Hepp, G.R., Hines, J., and Bourne, H.C., 1988, Postfledging survival of European starlings exposed as nestlings to an organophosphorus insecticide: Ecology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 590-601, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8328857421875,\n 39.0130484148106\n ],\n [\n -76.71821594238281,\n 39.0130484148106\n ],\n [\n -76.71821594238281,\n 39.089034905217474\n ],\n [\n -76.8328857421875,\n 39.089034905217474\n ],\n [\n -76.8328857421875,\n 39.0130484148106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromborg, K. 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C.","contributorId":86869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourne","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5220737,"text":"5220737 - 1988 - Bioaccumulation of selenium by snakes and frogs in the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:46","indexId":"5220737","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation of selenium by snakes and frogs in the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Livers of gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) from Kesterson Reservoir (Merced County, California) contained significantly higher mean selenium concentrations (11.1 .mu.g/g, dry weight) than those from two nearby reference sites (2.05 and 2.14 .mu.g/g). Livers of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) collected from the San Luis Drain at Kersterson Reservoir also contained significantly higher mean selenium concentrations (45.0 .mu.g/g) than those from nearby reference sites (6.22 .mu.g/g). The high levels of selenium bioaccumulation in these snakes and frogs at Kersterson Reservoir reflected the elevated levels found in their food organisms. We did not examine that snakes or frogs from Kesterson for signs of ill health, but the concentrations we found were sufficiently high to warrant concern about potential adverse effects in these animals and their predators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Hothem, R.L., and Aldrich, T.W., 1988, Bioaccumulation of selenium by snakes and frogs in the San Joaquin Valley, California: Copeia, v. 1988, no. 3, p. 704-710.","productDescription":"704-710","startPage":"704","endPage":"710","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17857,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445391","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1988","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625e48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. 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In the fasted group, mean hydroxyproline: creatinine (OHP:C) was greater (P< 0.05) at week 4 compared to baseline at week 0. Between fasted deer and deer fed high protein-high energy (HPHE) and low protein-high energy (LPHE) diets, no difference in OHP:C ratios was detected during the initial 4 wk of the study. Urinary OHP:C ratios were significantly (P< 0.05) greater in the fasted group during refeeding, concomitant with greater feed consumption and weight gain. There was also a significant (P< 0.02) time effect in the fasted-refed group; OHP:C ratios increased during these two phases of the study. There was no difference between the HPHE and LPHE fed deer in renal OHP excretion. However, mean OHP:C ratios in yearlings (16.8 ± 2.2) were greater (P<0.001) than in the adults (7.5 ± 1.2) of those groups, indicating a higher collagen turnover rate. Urinary OHP:C shows potential as an indicator of growth and starvation, and the data presented may serve as reference values.
From 1976 to 1986, dead and dying grey bats Myotis grisescens and grey bat guano were collected from caves along the Tennessee River in northern Alabama to determine the possible role of organochlorine chemicals — in particular wastes from a former DDT manufacturing plant near Huntsville—in the mortalities. Concentrations of chemical residues in brains were less than known lethal levels; certain observations and analyses did indicate the possibility of past organochlorine-induced bat deaths. Levels of contaminants in bats declined slowly during the 10-year sampling period, but heavy residue burdens persist. The high ratio of DDD to DDE in residues from the former DDT plant made them identifiable as far as 140 km downriver. Grey bats concentrated chemical residues to higher levels and demonstrated the presence of these residues over much greater distances than did red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoenicus. Grey bats may be the most sensitive indicator available for monitoring the contamination from this former DDT manufacturing site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(88)90114-0","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Bagley, F., and Johnson, W., 1988, Northern Alabama colonies of the endangered grey bat Myotis grisescens: organochlorine contamination and mortality: Biological Conservation, v. 43, no. 3, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90114-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.20298153531851,\n 35.01795368504092\n ],\n [\n -88.16972870118981,\n 34.92842439887099\n ],\n [\n -88.11272384268355,\n 34.893364570545415\n ],\n [\n -88.12697505730996,\n 34.75297563674441\n ],\n [\n -87.79919712089935,\n 34.66706468322134\n ],\n [\n -87.48091999423931,\n 34.72565001296526\n ],\n [\n -86.94412424330532,\n 34.491060075630415\n ],\n [\n -86.59715233334381,\n 34.471481013782224\n ],\n [\n -86.35963208956757,\n 34.22831932351366\n ],\n [\n -86.15536467992007,\n 34.29898729270927\n ],\n [\n -85.60431771435968,\n 34.97903993303821\n ],\n [\n -88.20298153531851,\n 35.01795368504092\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagley, F.M.","contributorId":89249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagley","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, W.W.","contributorId":20032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220616,"text":"5220616 - 1988 - Longevity in wild wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T11:10:06.977166","indexId":"5220616","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longevity in wild wolves","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381776","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 1988, Longevity in wild wolves: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 69, no. 1, p. 197-198, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381776.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222270,"text":"5222270 - 1988 - Whooping crane recovery: Progress through research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5222270","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3815,"text":"Zooview","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whooping crane recovery: Progress through research","docAbstract":"Cooperative efforts of the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center have established a captive flock of whooping cranes, and at least two additional wild populations. 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We observed that reproductive success at one colony became reduced in 1981 when we entered that colony to collect eggs for chemical analysis and to mark nests for an assessment of nesting success. Those pelicans produced only 0.5 Y/N contrasted to pelicans nesting at an undisturbed colony that produced about 1.2 Y/N. No colonies were entered in 1982 and both produced about 1.1 Y/N. We concluded that our activities reduced the success of that one disturbed colony. We suggest that the sample-egg technique should not be used in American White Pelican colonies, in-colony activities should be very limited, and researchers in bird colonies should attempt more often to assess the effects of their own activiites","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521002","usgsCitation":"Boellstorff, D., Anderson, D.W., Ohlendorf, H.M., and O’Neill, E., 1988, Reproductive effects of nest-marking studies in an American white pelican colony: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 11, no. 2, p. 215-219, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62ca82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boellstorff, D.E.","contributorId":92380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boellstorff","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D. 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