Mayon is a basaltic andesitic, open-vent volcano characterized by persistent passive degassing from the summit at 2463 m above sea level. Mid-size (<0.1 km3) and mildly explosive eruptions and occasional phreatic eruptions have occurred approximately every 10 years for over a hundred years. Mayon’s plumbing system structure, processes, and time scales driving its eruptions are still not well-known, despite being the most active volcano in the Philippines. We investigated the petrology and geochemistry of its crystal-rich lavas (~50 vol% phenocrysts) from nine historical eruptions between 1928 and 2009 and propose a conceptual model of the processes and magmatic architecture that led to the eruptions. The whole-rock geochemistry and mineral assemblage (plagioclase + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + Fe-Ti oxide ± olivine) of the lavas have remained remarkably homogenous (54 wt% SiO2,~4 wt% MgO) from 1928 to 2009. However, electron microscope images and microprobe analyses of the phenocrysts and the existence of three types of glomerocrysts testify to a range of magmatic processes, including long-term magma residence, magma mixing, crystallization, volatile fluxing, and degassing. Multiple mineral-melt geothermobarometers suggest a relatively thermally buffered system at 1050±25 °C, with several magma residence zones, ranging from close to the surface, through reservoirs at ~4–5 km, and as deep as ~ 20 km. Diffusion chronometry on >200 orthopyroxene crystals reveal magma mixing timescales that range from a few days to about 65 years, but the majority are shorter than the decadal inter-eruptive repose period. This implies that magma intrusion at Mayon has been nearly continuous over the studied time period, with limited crystal recycling from one eruption to the next. The variety of plagioclase textures and zoning patterns reflect fluxing of volatiles from depth to shallower melts through which they eventually reach the atmosphere through an open conduit. The crystal-rich nature of the erupted magmas may have developed during each inter-eruptive period. We propose that Mayon has behaved over almost 100 years as a steady state system, with limited variations in eruption frequency, degassing flux, magma composition, and crystal content that are mainly determined by the amount and composition of deep magma and volatile input in the system. We explore how Mayon volcano’s processes and working model can be related to other open-vent mafic and water-rich systems such as Etna, Stromboli, Villarrica, or Llaima. Finally, our understanding of open-vent, persistently active volcanoes is rooted in historical observations, but volcano behavior can evolve over longer time frames. We speculate that these volcanoes produce specific plagioclase textures that can be used to identify similar volcanic behavior in the geologic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-021-01486-9","usgsCitation":"Ruth, D.C., and Costa, F., 2021, A petrological and conceptual model of Mayon volcano (Philippines) as an example of an open-vent volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 83, 62, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01486-9.","productDescription":"62, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123082","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01486-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","otherGeospatial":"Mayon volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 123.5101731400274,\n 13.501020877721444\n ],\n [\n 123.5101731400274,\n 13.33999591750549\n ],\n [\n 123.70654204522504,\n 13.33999591750549\n ],\n [\n 123.70654204522504,\n 13.501020877721444\n ],\n [\n 123.5101731400274,\n 13.501020877721444\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Dawn Catherine Sweeney 0000-0001-9369-9364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-9364","contributorId":334908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine Sweeney","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, Fidel","contributorId":184169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Fidel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":916875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227783,"text":"70227783 - 2021 - The potential of satellite remote sensing time series to uncover wetland phenology under unique challenges of tidal setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T16:09:37.311812","indexId":"70227783","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-09T09:54:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential of satellite remote sensing time series to uncover wetland phenology under unique challenges of tidal setting","docAbstract":"While growth history of vegetation within upland systems is well studied, plant phenology within coastal tidal systems is less understood. Landscape-scale, satellite-derived indicators of plant greenness may not adequately represent seasonality of vegetation biomass and productivity within tidal wetlands due to limitations of cloud cover, satellite temporal frequency and attenu-ation of plant signals by tidal flooding. However, understanding plant phenology is necessary to gain insight into aboveground biomass, photosynthetic activity, and carbon sequestration. In this study we use a modeling approach to estimate plant greenness throughout a year in tidal wet-lands located within the San Francisco Bay Area, USA. We used variables such as EVI history, temperature, and elevation to predict plant greenness on a 14-day timestep. We found this ap-proach accurately estimated plant greenness, with larger error observed within more dynamic restored wetlands, particularly at early post-restoration stages. We also found modeled EVI can be used as an input variable into greenhouse gas models, allowing for an estimate of carbon se-questration and gross primary production. Our strategy can be further developed in future re-search by assessing restoration and management effects on wetland phenological dynamics and through incorporating the entire Sentinel-2 time-series once it becomes available within Google Earth Engine.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13183589","collaboration":"=","usgsCitation":"Miller, G.J., Dronova, I., Oikawa, P., Knox, S., Windham-Myers, L., Shahan, J., and Stuart-Haëntjens, E., 2021, The potential of satellite remote sensing time series to uncover wetland phenology under unique challenges of tidal setting: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 18, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183589.","productDescription":"3589, 28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-133045","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183589","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.276238364942955\n ],\n [\n -121.75872802734375,\n 37.276238364942955\n ],\n [\n -121.75872802734375,\n 38.26406296833961\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 38.26406296833961\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.276238364942955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bostater, Charles R. Jr.","contributorId":272837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bostater","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Gwendolyn Joelle 0000-0002-5712-945X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-945X","contributorId":272606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Gwendolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"Joelle","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dronova, Iryna 0000-0003-3339-3704","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3704","contributorId":272607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dronova","given":"Iryna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oikawa, Patricia","contributorId":272608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oikawa","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[{"id":56387,"text":"CSU East Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Sara Helen 0000-0003-2255-5835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-5835","contributorId":272609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Sara Helen","affiliations":[{"id":56388,"text":"U. British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie","contributorId":272610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shahan, Julie","contributorId":272611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shahan","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56387,"text":"CSU East Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen 0000-0001-9901-7643","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-7643","contributorId":265857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart-Haëntjens","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70231624,"text":"70231624 - 2021 - Impacts of climate changes and amplified natural disturbance on global ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T14:37:03.37095","indexId":"70231624","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-09T09:33:56","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impacts of climate changes and amplified natural disturbance on global ecosystems","docAbstract":"Natural disturbances maintain biological diversity and landscape heterogeneity and initiate ecosystem renewal and reorganization. However, the severity, frequency, and extent of many disturbances have increased substantially in recent decades as the result of anthropogenic climate change. Disturbances can be discrete, short-duration events, such as wildfires or hurricanes, or can exert persistent, cumulative stresses on an ecosystem (for example, ongoing warming of ocean or land surface temperatures). Landscape and ecosystem impacts can occur from a single disturbance, from several disturbances acting independently, or from the interactions of multiple, linked disturbances. Key, climate-related disturbances affecting global biomes and ecosystems include shifting temperature and hydrologic regimes (for example, warming surface temperatures and increasing aridity), increased frequency and magnitude of extreme events such as heatwaves, severe droughts, storms, and hurricanes, warming-induced permafrost thaw, and heightened wildfire activity and insect-caused tree mortality. For ecosystems and landscapes, the consequences of climate-amplified disturbance include forced poleward and upward movement of plant and animal species, widespread tree mortality and reduced forest productivity, changes in plant community structure and species distributions, reduced biodiversity, increased erosion, debris flows, wetland dynamism, declining sea ice extent, more frequent storm-driven tides and saltwater intrusion, and increased landscape flammability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Routledge handbook of landscape ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","doi":"10.4324/9780429399480-11","usgsCitation":"Loehman, R.A., Friggens, M., Sherriff, R., Keyser, A.R., and Riley, K.L., 2021, Impacts of climate changes and amplified natural disturbance on global ecosystems, chap. of Routledge handbook of landscape ecology, p. 175-198, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429399480-11.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-108658","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":843150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friggens, Megan","contributorId":219865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friggens","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherriff, Rosemary L.","contributorId":243263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherriff","given":"Rosemary L.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keyser, Alisa R.","contributorId":248331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":49860,"text":"Univ. of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riley, Karin L.","contributorId":169453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25512,"text":"US Forest Service Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223887,"text":"70223887 - 2021 - Phenotypic variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at broad spatial scales makes morphology an insufficient basis for taxonomic reclassification of the species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T14:09:17.279058","indexId":"70223887","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-09T09:01:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9341,"text":"Ichthyology & Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phenotypic variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at broad spatial scales makes morphology an insufficient basis for taxonomic reclassification of the species","title":"Phenotypic variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at broad spatial scales makes morphology an insufficient basis for taxonomic reclassification of the species","docAbstract":"It was recently proposed that there are three new species of Salvelinus with microendemic distributions in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA. The three species of Salvelinus were hypothesized to be distinct from their congener Brook Trout S. fontinalis based on three meristic traits—pored lateral-line scales, vertebral counts, and number of basihyal teeth. After analyses that included specimens sampled from a larger portion of the geographic range of S. fontinalis, we conclude that the three populations of Salvelinus recently described as new species are not morphometrically distinct from Brook Trout and consider all three to be synonyms of S. fontinalis. Moreover, the low number of specimens originally examined conflates morphological differences among populations with sexual dimorphism and/or phenotypic plasticity, both of which are documented extensively in Brook Trout but were not controlled for in the species descriptions. While there is currently insufficient phenotypic or genotypic evidence to support the hypothesis of three new species that are distinct from S. fontinalis, we acknowledge the need to understand the unique selection pressures that shape evolutionary trajectories in small, isolated populations of Brook Trout and to conserve evolutionarily significant sources of genotypic and phenotypic diversity. To that end, we provide comments on research opportunities to support Brook Trout conservation, including the importance of collaborative, range-wide phylogenetic studies to identify the most appropriate scales of management efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/i2020154","usgsCitation":"White, S.L., Kazyak, D., Harrington, R.C., Kulp, M.A., Rash, J.M., Weathers, T.C., and Near, T.J., 2021, Phenotypic variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at broad spatial scales makes morphology an insufficient basis for taxonomic reclassification of the species: Ichthyology & Herpetology, v. 109, no. 3, p. 743-751, https://doi.org/10.1643/i2020154.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"751","ipdsId":"IP-124765","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1643/i2020154","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains Park, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.38317871093749,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -72.88330078125,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -72.88330078125,\n 40.925964939514294\n ],\n [\n -73.38317871093749,\n 40.925964939514294\n ],\n [\n -73.38317871093749,\n 40.72644570551446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -82.93853759765625,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -82.93853759765625,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 35.36217605914681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Shannon L. 0000-0003-4687-6596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6596","contributorId":263424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":202481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, Richard C","contributorId":265606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulp, Matt A.","contributorId":196801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulp","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35484,"text":"National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rash, Jacob M","contributorId":218128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rash","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39760,"text":"Division of Inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weathers, T. Casey","contributorId":218129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Casey","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Near, Thomas J","contributorId":265607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Near","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70224262,"text":"70224262 - 2021 - If you give a clam an estuary: The story of potamocorbula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T13:06:17.362712","indexId":"70224262","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-09T08:04:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9348,"text":"Frontiers for Young Minds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"If you give a clam an estuary: The story of potamocorbula","docAbstract":"When you look at San Francisco Bay, what animals do you see? You may see lots of fish swimming around and birds flying above. What you DON’T see is Potamocorbula, a little clam that has had a big impact. Many years ago, ships accidentally brought Potamocorbula into the Bay. Pretty soon, Potamocorbula spread out all over in large numbers! Clams pump water over their gills and eat small particles of food, like phytoplankton, that pass through with the water. Potamocorbula can pump water much faster than other clams that live in the Bay, and they can eat more than their share of phytoplankton. Sometimes Potamocorbula eats phytoplankton faster than phytoplankton can grow! What problems does that cause for other animals, like birds and fish, that also need phytoplankton? Does Potamocorbula’s invasion only have negative impacts? In this article, we dive to the bottom of the Bay to find some answers.\n\nBook series publishing the chapter: https://kids.frontiersin.org/collection/13528/where-the-river-meets-the-ocean-stories-from-san-francisco-estuary","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/frym.2021.599289","usgsCitation":"Shrader, K., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Parchaso, F., and Thompson, J.K., 2021, If you give a clam an estuary: The story of potamocorbula: Frontiers for Young Minds, https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2021.599289.","ipdsId":"IP-120502","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2021.599289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 37.405073750176925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shrader, Kelly H. 0000-0001-6550-7425","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-7425","contributorId":215872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrader","given":"Kelly H.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierdt Smith, Emily L. 0000-0003-0787-1856 ezierdtsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-1856","contributorId":220320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierdt Smith","given":"Emily","email":"ezierdtsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":823394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":150620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223891,"text":"70223891 - 2021 - The structure and volume of large geysers in Yellowstone National Park, USA and the mineralogy and chemistry of their silica sinter deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T15:58:41.800728","indexId":"70223891","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-09T07:50:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structure and volume of large geysers in Yellowstone National Park, USA and the mineralogy and chemistry of their silica sinter deposits","docAbstract":"Siliceous sinter is formed by biogenic and abiogenic opal deposition around hot springs and geysers. Using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry we generated three-dimensional models of Giant and Castle Geysers from the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. We use these models to calculate an approximate mass of sinter for each (~2 and ~ 5 kton, respectively) and estimate a range of plausible long-term deposition rates for Castle Geyser (470 to 940 kg·yr−1). We estimate ~2% of the silica discharged from Castle Geyser is deposited as sinter in the cone and proximal terraces. We collected 15 sinter samples following the stratigraphy of each geyser from an older terrace to a younger cone and examined them using a variety of analytical methods. We find that young opaline sinter with a water content of <12 wt% (from loss on ignition) contains higher concentrations of major and trace elements, notably As, Sb, Rb, Ga and Cs, relative to older dehydrated sinter. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in sinter are 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than in the thermal water from which they are deposited. Sinter deposits are enriched in light REE, Gd and Yb when normalized to concentrations in thermal water and enriched in Eu, Tm, and Yb when normalized to the underlying rhyolite. Sinter samples with the highest REE concentrations are also enriched in organic material, implying either microbial uptake of REE, or that organic molecules are efficient ligands that form metal complexes.
We describe recent improvements to the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast ETAS Model (UCERF3‐ETAS), which continues to represent our most advanced and complete earthquake forecast in terms of relaxing segmentation assumptions and representing multifault ruptures, elastic‐rebound effects, and spatiotemporal clustering (the latter to represent aftershocks and otherwise triggered events). The two main improvements include adding aleatory variability in aftershock productivity and the option to represent off‐fault events with finite‐rupture surfaces. We also summarize the studies that led to these modifications, and reflect on how past and future uses of the model can improve our understanding of earthquake processes and the hazards and risks they pose.
Rapid infiltration following precipitation may result in groundwater contamination from surface contaminants or pathogens. In fractured rock, contaminants can migrate rapidly to points of groundwater withdrawals. In contrast to the temporal availability of groundwater quality chemical indicators, meteorological and groundwater level observations are available in real-time to estimate time-varying recharge, which can act as a surrogate to identify periods of rapid infiltration that may indicate contamination susceptibility. Estimating recharge using methods, such as base-flow recession, unsaturated infiltration models, or Water-Table Fluctuations (WTF), cannot capitalize on currently available technologies and telecommunication infrastructure to conduct real-time recharge estimation at scales relevant to characterizing rapid infiltration. We present a linear, physics-based State-Space (SS) model of one-dimensional infiltration to estimate recharge, which includes preferential and diffuse-flow to the water table. The model can take advantage of real-time data for water-table altitude, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. Model parameters are calibrated over an observation period, and the Kalman Filter (KF) is subsequently applied to continuously update the observed (water-table altitude) and unobserved (groundwater recharge) system states and predict future states as new data become available. The SS/KF algorithm is demonstrated at the Masser Groundwater Recharge Site in Pennsylvania, USA and comparisons are made with recharge estimates from WTF methods. Model results indicate that the frequency of observations (daily versus sub-daily) dictates the allocation between preferential and diffuse flow. Additionally, because infiltration processes encompass many nonlinearities, model parameters estimated from observation periods need to be updated at least seasonally to account for changing recharge conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2020WR029110","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., and Day-Lewis, F., 2021, Estimating and forecasting time-varying groundwater recharge in fractured rock: A state-space formulation with preferential and diffuse flow to the water table: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 9, e2020WR029110, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029110.","productDescription":"e2020WR029110, 30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122279","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr029110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VBR9V8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Algorithms for model parameter estimation, state estimation, and forecasting applied to a State-Space model coupled with the Kalman Filter for one-dimensional vertical infiltration to fractured rock aquifers"},{"id":436204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LLXCIC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Level Altitude in Bedrock Wells and Meteorological Data at the Masser Groundwater Recharge Site between February 1 and December 31, 1999"},{"id":389205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":216359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223784,"text":"70223784 - 2021 - Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T15:41:14.844104","indexId":"70223784","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-08T14:05:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions","docAbstract":"Aim: Macroecological analyses provide valuable insights into factors that influence how parasites are distributed across space and among hosts. Amid large uncertainties that arise when generalizing from local and regional findings, hierarchical approaches applied to global datasets are required to determine whether drivers of parasite infection patterns vary across scales. We assessed global patterns of haemosporidian infections across a broad diversity of avian host clades and zoogeographical realms to depict hotspots of prevalence and to identify possible underlying drivers.
Location: Global.
Time period: 1994–2019.
Major taxa studied: Avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Parahaemoproteus).
Methods: We amalgamated infection data from 53,669 individual birds representing 2,445 species world-wide. Spatio-phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models were built to disentangle potential landscape, climatic and biotic drivers of infection probability while accounting for spatial context and avian host phylogenetic relationships.
Results: Idiosyncratic responses of the three most common haemosporidian genera to climate, habitat, host relatedness and host ecological traits indicated marked variation in host infection rates from local to global scales. Notably, host ecological drivers, such as migration distance for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus, exhibited predominantly varying or even opposite effects on infection rates across regions, whereas climatic effects on infection rates were more consistent across realms. Moreover, infections in some low-prevalence realms were disproportionately concentrated in a few local hotspots, suggesting that regional-scale variation in habitat and microclimate might influence transmission, in addition to global drivers.
Main conclusions: Our hierarchical global analysis supports regional-scale findings showing the synergistic effects of landscape, climate and host ecological traits on parasite transmission for a cosmopolitan and diverse group of avian parasites. Our results underscore the need to account for such interactions, in addition to possible variation in drivers across regions, to produce the robust inference required to predict changes in infection risk under future scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/geb.13390","usgsCitation":"Fecchio, A., Clark, N.J., Bell, J.A., Skeen, H., Lutz, H.L., De La Torre, G.M., Vaughan, J.A., Tkach, V.V., Schunck, F., Ferreira, F.C., Braga, E.M., Lugarini, C., Wamiti, W., Dispoto, J.H., Galen, S.C., Kirchgatter, K., Sagario, M.C., Cueto, V., Gonzalez-Acuna, D., Inumaru, M., Sato, Y., Schumm, Y.R., Quillfeldt, P., Pellegrino, I., Dharmarajan, G., Gupta, P., Robin, V.V., Ciloglu, A., Yildirim, A., Huang, X., Chapa-Vargas, L., Alvarez-Mendizabal, P., Santiago-Alarcon, D., Drovetski, S.V., Hellgren, O., Voelker, G., Ricklefs, R.E., Hackett, S., Collins, M.D., Weckstein, J.D., and Wells, K., 2021, Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 30, no. 12, p. 2393-2406, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13390.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2393","endPage":"2406","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2019-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-126030","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1980622","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kamath, Pauline","contributorId":198306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamath","given":"Pauline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fecchio, Alan 0000-0002-7319-0234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-0234","contributorId":265372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fecchio","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54651,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá, MT, 78060900, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Nicholas J.","contributorId":204867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16755,"text":"University of Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, Jeffrey A","contributorId":265373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":52695,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skeen, Heather","contributorId":265374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skeen","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54652,"text":"Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 6063 and Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutz, Holly L","contributorId":265375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":54653,"text":"Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5812 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 and Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"De La Torre, Gabriel M","contributorId":265384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De La Torre","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":54663,"text":"Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vaughan, Jefferson A","contributorId":265376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":52695,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tkach, Vasyl V.","contributorId":190351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tkach","given":"Vasyl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":52695,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schunck, Fabio","contributorId":265377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schunck","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54654,"text":"Brazilian Committee for Ornithological Records – CBRO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ferreira, Francisco C","contributorId":265378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":54655,"text":"Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Braga, Erika M","contributorId":265379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braga","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":54658,"text":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lugarini, Camile","contributorId":265380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lugarini","given":"Camile","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54659,"text":"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wamiti, Wanyoike","contributorId":265381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wamiti","given":"Wanyoike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54660,"text":"Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dispoto, Janice H","contributorId":265382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dispoto","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":54661,"text":"Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Galen, Spencer C","contributorId":229671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galen","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kirchgatter, Karin","contributorId":265383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirchgatter","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54662,"text":"Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP 01027-000 and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sagario, M. 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Shannon","contributorId":265389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hackett","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54668,"text":"The Richard and Jill Chaifetz Associate Curator of Birds, Life Sciences and Pritzker Lab Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Collins, Michael D","contributorId":265390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":54669,"text":"Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Weckstein, Jason D","contributorId":265391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckstein","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":54670,"text":"Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Wells, Konstans","contributorId":265392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Konstans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54671,"text":"Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41}]}} ,{"id":70223785,"text":"70223785 - 2021 - Thermal stability of an adaptable, invasive ectotherm: Argentine giant tegus in the Greater Everglades ecosystem, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T19:02:29.353507","indexId":"70223785","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-08T11:53:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal stability of an adaptable, invasive ectotherm: Argentine giant tegus in the Greater Everglades ecosystem, USA","docAbstract":"Invasive species globally threaten biodiversity and economies, but the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying their success are often understudied. For those alien species that also exhibit high phenotypic plasticity, such as habitat generalists, adaptations in response to environmental pressures can take place relatively quickly. The Argentine giant tegu (Salvator merianae; tegu) is a large omnivorous lizard from South America that is prolific, long-lived, vagile, and highly adaptable to disturbed environments. They are well suited to the climate of southeastern United States, introduced to several disjunct areas, including the Everglades, where their voracious appetite threatens native wildlife. Tegus undergo winter dormancy (hibernation) to cope with colder temperatures, and while this behavior may facilitate invasion into more temperate regions, it may also present management opportunities. We studied the thermal habits of wild S. merianae within their invaded range in southern Florida, USA. We used radiotelemetry and trail cameras to verify aboveground behaviors, and temperature dataloggers to monitor surface (sun-exposed [Te] and shaded [Ts]), ambient (Ta), subsurface ground (Th), and internal body (Tb) temperatures of a population of free-ranging tegus over several seasons. We evaluated thermal and behavioral data and identified five biologically significant periods: pre-hibernal, hibernal, cold snaps, hibernal-basking, and post-hibernal. We found tegus maintained thermal stability throughout the hibernal period, frequently at temperatures above available thermal microhabitats. Variation in Tb was lowest during hibernation and cold snaps and was less variable than subsurface temperatures despite not leaving their hibernaculum. Hibernal ingress and egress were best predicted by temperature differentials between exposed soil and ambient daily mean temperatures (Te − Ta) and daylength. Though we detected no sex differences, larger animals started hibernation sooner, stayed in hibernation longer, and retained higher fat stores over the study period. One individual did not hibernate, representing only the second record of this behavior. Despite limitations of these descriptive data, this is the first study finely detailing Tb of a population of wild, free-ranging S. merianae over multiple biologically significant time periods and to associate Tb with thermal habitats within its invasive range. Tegus' apparent ability for thermal stability expands the adaptability breadth of this species and underscores the invasion threat.
A large, low pressure Nor’easter storm and Hurricane Joaquin contributed to multiple weeks of sustained, elevated wave and water level conditions along the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States in Fall 2015. Sea level anomalies in excess of 1 m and offshore wave heights of up to 4 m were recorded during these storms, as observed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Field Research Facility in Duck, NC, USA. In response to these energetic oceanographic conditions, there were highly variable morphologic changes to the dune over short spatial scales (<km) which included a range of responses from vertical dune scarping to no measureable response. The portion of the study area with the largest dune erosion occurred at a location fronted by an abnormally deep nearshore bathymetric feature, which altered surf-zone waves and hydrodynamics. The pre-storm beach and dune topography also varied throughout the study area, additionally influencing the frequency of dune collision and contributing to the spatially variable erosion patterns. This work uses field datasets and numerical modeling tools to investigate the causation of hotspot dune erosion at the Field Research Facility. Three different numerical models were tested against the available data in order to assess model skill at resolving complex spatial dune erosion patterns. The three models successfully reproduce the general spatial trends in alongshore variable responses, although not necessarily the details of profile response or net erosion magnitude. Analysis of the model outputs, in conjunction with the available field data, suggests that the observed hotspot dune erosion is related to a complex combination of both topographic and bathymetric controls on the processes driving dune erosion. Therefore, the most simplistic model tested, which only accounts for alongshore variations in topographic profile details, can only predict hotspot dune erosion in locations where steep beach and/or dune topography is the primary control on collisional dune impacts. The higher fidelity models, which account for feedback effects from subaqueous morphology, are similarly able to predict the locations of maximum hotspot erosion, but are sensitive to beach over-steepening and/or errors in wave runup calculations that can lead to over-prediction of simulated dune erosion. This work highlights that numerous existing tools are capable of identifying the foredune regions at most risk from hotspot erosion, as well as the need for continued research to improve representation of all relevant intra-storm morphodynamic processes.
Coastal erosion, including sea-cliff retreat, represents both an important component of some sediment budgets and a significant threat to coastal communities in the face of rising sea level. Despite the importance of predicting future rates of coastal erosion, few prehistoric constraints exist on the relative importance of sediment supplied by coastal erosion versus rivers with respect to past sea-level change. We used detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology as a provenance tracer of river and deep-sea fan deposits from the Southern California Borderland (United States) to estimate relative sediment contributions from rivers and coastal erosion from late Pleistocene to present. Mixture modeling of submarine canyon and fan samples indicates that detrital zircon was dominantly (55%–86%) supplied from coastal erosion during latest Pleistocene (ca. 13 ka) sea-level rise, with lesser contributions from rivers, on the basis of unique U-Pb age modes relative to local Peninsular Ranges bedrock sources. However, sediment that was deposited when sea level was stable at its highest and lowest points since the Last Glacial Maximum was dominantly supplied by rivers, suggesting decreased coastal erosion during periods of sea-level stability. We find that relative sediment supply from coastal erosion is strongly dependent on climate state, corroborating predictions of enhanced coastal erosion during future sea-level rise.
Critical mineral resources titanium, zirconium, and rare earth elements occur in placer deposits over vast parts of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. Key questions regarding provenance, pathways of minerals to deposit sites, and relations to geologic features remain unexplained. As part of a national effort to collect data over regions prospective for critical minerals, the first public high-resolution aeroradiometric survey over the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain was conducted over Quaternary sediments in South Carolina. The new data provide an unprecedented view of potential deposits by imaging Th-bearing minerals in the heavy mineral assemblage. Sand ridges show the highest radiometric Th values with localized, linear anomalies, especially along the shoreface and in areas reworked by multiple processes and/or during multiple episodes. Estuarine areas with finer-grained sediments show lower, distributed Th anomalies. Th values averaged over geologic unit areas are similar for both environments, suggesting that heavy minerals are present but have not been locally concentrated in the lower-energy estuarine environments. Radiometric K highlights immature minerals such as mica and potassium feldspar. K is elevated within shallow sediments younger than ca. 130 ka, an attribute that persists in regional data from northern South Carolina to northern Florida. Both K and Th are elevated over the floodplains of the Santee River and other rivers with headwaters in the igneous and metamorphic Piedmont Terrane. The persistence of K anomalies for distances of more than 100 km from the Santee River floodplain suggests that heavy minerals are delivered from the Piedmont to offshore areas by major rivers, transported along the coast by the longshore current, and redeposited onshore by marine processes.
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To achieve this goal requires consideration of processes at different scales. Metacommunity theory describes how multiple species from different communities potentially interact with local-scale environmental drivers to influence population dynamics and community structure. However, this body of knowledge has only rarely been used to inform management practices for river ecosystems. In this article, we present a conceptual model outlining how the metacommunity processes of local niche sorting and dispersal can influence the outcomes of management interventions and provide a series of specific recommendations for applying these ideas as well as research needs. In all cases, we identify situations where traditional approaches to riverine management could be enhanced by incorporating an understanding of metacommunity dynamics. A common theme is developing guidelines for assessing the metacommunity context of a site or region, evaluating how that context may affect the desired outcome, and incorporating that understanding into the planning process and methods used. To maximize the effectiveness of management activities, scientists, and resource managers should update the toolbox of approaches to riverine management to reflect theoretical advances in metacommunity ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1557","usgsCitation":"Patrick, C.J., Anderson, K.E., Brown, B.L., Hawkins, C.P., Metcalfe, A.N., Saffarinia, P., Siqueira, T., Swan, C.M., Tonkin, J.D., and Yuan, L.L., 2021, The application of metacommunity theory to the management of riverine ecosystems: WIREs Water, v. 8, no. 6, e1557, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1557.","productDescription":"e1557, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119036","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1557","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Christopher J.","contributorId":199778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Kurt E.","contributorId":265545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Brown L.","contributorId":265546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Brown","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawkins, Charles P.","contributorId":198331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metcalfe, Anya N. 0000-0002-6286-4889 ametcalfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-4889","contributorId":5271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Anya","email":"ametcalfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saffarinia, Parsa","contributorId":265547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saffarinia","given":"Parsa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Siqueira, Tadeu","contributorId":265548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siqueira","given":"Tadeu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swan, Christopher M.","contributorId":265549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tonkin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":260624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yuan, Lester L.","contributorId":198316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70223780,"text":"fs20213046 - 2021 - Streamflow—Water year 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T11:46:34.780751","indexId":"fs20213046","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-07T19:14:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-3046","displayTitle":"Streamflow—Water Year 2020","title":"Streamflow—Water year 2020","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2020 (October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 91-year period of water years 1930–2020. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2020 (11.10 inches) was higher than the long-term (1930–2020) mean annual runoff of 9.40 inches for the contiguous United States. Nationwide, the 2020 streamflow ranked the 10th highest out of the 91 years.
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Scant availability of streamflow data can impede the utility of streamflow as a variable in ecological models of aquatic and terrestrial species, especially when studying small streams in watersheds that lack streamgages. Streamflow data at fine resolution and broad extent were needed by collaborators for ecological research on small streams in several ungaged watersheds of southwestern Wyoming, where streamflow data are sparse.
To improve the utility of sparse streamflow data to ecological research in ungaged watersheds, we developed a machine learning approach in R for modeling spatially and temporally continuous monthly streamflow from 2012 through 2017 in three semiarid montane-steppe watersheds (with drainage areas of 26–55 square miles and mean elevations of 8,031–8,455 feet) on the Wyoming Range in the upper Green River Basin. A machine learning streamflow (MLFLOW) model was calibrated and validated with 971 discrete streamflow observations and 24 static and dynamic predictor variables derived from geospatial and time series data on climatic, physiographic, and anthropogenic characteristics affecting streamflow. The predictor variables were temporally and spatially conditioned to amplify the relation of predictor variables to monthly streamflow.
The MLFLOW model had satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted streamflow (coefficient of determination [R2]=0.80, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE]=0.79, NSE with log-transformed data [logNSE]=0.82, and percent bias [PBIAS]=0.7 percent). NSE and logNSE indicated the MLFLOW model performed equally well for high and low flows, and PBIAS indicated the MLFLOW model did not overpredict or underpredict monthly streamflow. Streamflow predictions seemed to well represent the annual hydrograph within the study area during the study period.
The most important variables (statistically important in the MLFLOW model) for explaining monthly streamflow were temporally and spatially conditioned dynamic climatic variables, mostly precipitation and snow water equivalent. Importance of the static and dynamic variables did not differ substantially among the three watersheds but differed considerably among the 6 years. Monthly streamflow increased with increasing precipitation, snow water equivalent, and drainage area but decreased with increasing forest cover, elevation, evapotranspiration, and temperature.
The MLFLOW model was most sensitive to selection of dynamic climatic variables. Unconditioned dynamic climatic variables alone explained 54 percent of the variance (R2=0.54) in monthly streamflow, whereas adding static physiographic and anthropogenic variables only explained 12 percent more of the variance (R2=0.66). Also, spatial conditioning of all variables together with temporal conditioning of dynamic variables increased the variance explained in the MLFLOW model by another 14 percent (R2=0.80). The MLFLOW model also had greater sensitivity to temporal than to spatial differences in the data. For the MLFLOW model trained with observations from all watersheds and years or for models trained with observations from all except one watershed or 1 year left out sequentially, performance was better in testing on observations from each watershed than from each year separately. Also, performance was better for models fitted to fewer sites than to fewer months of observations.
The greatest utility of the modeling approach is the ease of use and the speed of processing input data, running the model, and interpreting the model output, whereas the greatest limitation is the need for spatially and temporally representative streamflow observations to drive the model. Although familiarity with R is necessary, only a working knowledge of hydrology (for selecting appropriate predictor variables and evaluating the quality of streamflow observations) and a rudimentary understanding of machine learning models are needed. Therefore, this modeling approach is practicable for other scientists who work with water but who are not hydrologists.
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3162 Bozeman Avenue
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The restoration of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, can reduce risks by decreasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coasts of the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico estimated to be more than 9,800 people and $859 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 caused widespread damage to coral reefs in the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Here we combine engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to provide a rigorous valuation of where potential coral reef restoration could decrease the hazard faced by Florida and Puerto Rico’s reef-fronted coastal communities. The three restoration scenarios considered: (1) Ecological restoration, ‘E25’, which assumes planting 0.25-meter (m)-high corals on a (cross-shore) 25-m-wide reef; (2) Structural plus ecological, ‘S25’, which assumes emplacing a 1.00-m high structure with 0.25-m high corals on top on a 25 m wide reef; and (3) structural plus ecological, ‘S05’, which assumes emplacing a 1.00-m high structure with 0.25-m high corals on top on a 5 m wide reef. Planted corals are assumed to increase hydrodynamic roughness, thereby dissipating incident wave energy and decreasing flooding potential. We used a standardized approach to ‘place’ potential restoration projects throughout the whole (linear) extent of reefs bordering Florida and Puerto Rico to identify where coral reef restoration could be useful for meeting flood reduction benefits. We always sited potential restoration projects within the existing distribution of reefs even though many sites were far (kilometers [km]) offshore and some sites were relatively deep (up to 7 m depth). We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flood zones at 10-square-meter resolution along all 980 km of Florida and Puerto’s Rico reef-lined shorelines for the three potential coral reef restoration scenarios and compare them to the flood zones without coral reef restoration. We quantified the potential coastal flood risk reduction provided by coral reef restoration using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculate the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection gained because of coral reef restoration. We found that the benefits of reef restoration off Florida and Puerto Rico are spatially highly variable. In most areas, we found little or no benefit from reef restoration (for example, restoration sites were far offshore or deep). However, there were a number of key areas where reef restoration could have substantial benefits for flood risk reduction. In particular, we estimated the protection gained by Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from coral reef restoration to result in:
Thus, the annual value of flood risk reduction provided by potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico is more than 3,100 people and $272.9 million (2010 U.S. dollars) in economic activity. These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico can increase critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida and Puerto Rico’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Gaido L., C., Viehman, T.S., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the coastal hazard risks reduction provided by potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1054, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 35 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125062","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1054/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1054/ofr20211054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZQKZR9","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands for current and potentially restored coral reefs"},{"id":386215,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1055","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Projected Coral Reef Degradation on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida"},{"id":386216,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1056","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.390380859375,\n 18.594188856740413\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 18.70869162255995\n ],\n [\n -67.08251953125,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 18.510865709091377\n ],\n [\n -67.401123046875,\n 18.25021997706561\n ],\n [\n -67.30224609375,\n 17.916022703877665\n ],\n [\n -66.895751953125,\n 17.853290114098012\n ],\n [\n -66.42333984375,\n 17.8742034396575\n ],\n [\n -65.885009765625,\n 17.821915515968854\n ],\n [\n -65.467529296875,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -65.32470703125,\n 18.218916080017465\n ],\n [\n -65.511474609375,\n 18.46918890441719\n ],\n [\n -66.390380859375,\n 18.594188856740413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed, in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coast of the State of Florida estimated to be more than 5,600 people and $675 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Degradation of coral reef ecosystems over the past several decades and during tropical storm events has caused regional-scale erosion of the shallow seafloor that serves as a protective barrier against coastal hazards along Southeast Florida, increasing risks to coastal populations. Here we combine engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to provide a rigorous valuation of the increased hazard faced by Florida’s reef-fronted coastal communities because of the projected degradation of its adjacent coral reefs. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flood zones at 10-square-meter resolution along all 430 kilometers of Florida’s reef-lined shorelines for both the current and projected future coral reef conditions. We quantified the coastal flood risk increase caused by coral reef degradation using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculated the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection lost because of projected coral reef degradation. We found that degradation of the coral reefs off Florida increases future risks significantly. In particular, we estimated the protection lost by Florida’s coral reefs from projected coral reef degradation will result in:
Thus, the annual value of increased flood risk caused by the projected degradation of Florida’s coral reefs is more than 7,300 people and $823.6 million (2010 U.S. dollars). These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when degradation of Florida’s coral reefs will decrease critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Yates, K.K., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Gaido L., C., Zawada, D.G., Arsenault, S.R., Fehr, Z.W., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of projected coral reef degradation on coastal hazard risk in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1055, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125063","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386221,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1054","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Potential Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction Provided by Coral Reef Restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico"},{"id":386222,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1056","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico"},{"id":386220,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D9LDEP","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida with and without projected coral reef degradation"},{"id":386218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1055/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1055/ofr20211055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coasts of the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico estimated to be more than 9,800 people and $859 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 caused widespread damage to coral reefs in the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. These damages were measured in post-storm surveys of reefs and assessed in terms of their impact on reef condition and height, which are critical parameters for evaluating the coastal defense benefits of reefs. We combined engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to value the increased risks in Florida and Puerto Rico from hurricane-induced damages to their adjacent coral reefs. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding at 10-square-meter resolution along all 980 kilometers of Florida and Puerto Rico’s reef-lined shorelines considering reef condition before (undamaged) and after (damaged) the 2017 hurricanes. We quantified the coastal flood risk increase caused by the hurricane-induced damage to the coral reefs using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculated the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection lost because of the reef damage caused by the 2017 hurricanes. We found that the damages to the coral reefs off Florida and Puerto Rico from Hurricanes Irma and Maria increased future risks significantly. In particular, we estimated the protection lost by Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from the 2017 hurricanes to result in:
Thus, the annual value of increased flood risk caused by the damage to Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from hurricanes in 2017 is more than 4,300 people and $181.5 mil-lion (2010 U.S. dollars) in economic impacts. These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when the damage from the 2017 hurricanes decreased critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits to Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida and Puerto Rico’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Viehman, T.S., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Groves, S.H., Gaido L., C., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coastal hazard risks in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1056, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125064","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EHOBKO","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico before and after Hurricanes Irma and Maria due to the storms' damage to the coral reefs"},{"id":386229,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1055","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Projected Coral Reef Degradation on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida"},{"id":386225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1056/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1056/ofr20211056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386228,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1054","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Potential Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction Provided by Coral Reef Restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.368408203125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ],\n [\n -66.961669921875,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -67.269287109375,\n 18.552532366385577\n ],\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 18.198043686762652\n ],\n [\n -67.236328125,\n 17.916022703877665\n ],\n [\n -66.59912109375,\n 17.832374329567518\n ],\n [\n -65.643310546875,\n 17.95783210227242\n ],\n [\n -65.291748046875,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -65.54443359375,\n 18.500447458475094\n ],\n [\n -66.368408203125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Interactions between neighboring plants are critical for biodiversity maintenance in plant populations and communities. Intraspecific trait variation and genome duplication are common in plant species and can drive eco-evolutionary dynamics through genotype-mediated plant–plant interactions. However, few studies have examined how species-wide intraspecific variation may alter interactions between neighboring plants. We investigate how subspecies and ploidy variation in a genetically diverse species, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), can alter the demographic outcomes of plant interactions. Using a replicated, long-term common garden experiment that represents range-wide diversity of A. tridentata, we ask how intraspecific variation, environment, and stand age mediate neighbor effects on plant growth and survival. Spatially explicit models revealed that ploidy variation and subspecies identity can mediate plant–plant interactions but that the effect size varied in time and across experimental sites. We found that demographic impacts of neighbor effects were strongest during early stages of stand development and in sites with greater growth rates. Within subspecies, tetraploid populations showed greater tolerance to neighbor crowding compared to their diploid variants. Our findings provide evidence that intraspecific variation related to genome size and subspecies identity impacts spatial demography in a genetically diverse plant species. Accounting for intraspecific variation in studies of conspecific density dependence will improve our understanding of how local populations will respond to novel genotypes and biotic interaction regimes. As introduction of novel genotypes into local populations becomes more common, quantifying demographic processes in genetically diverse populations will help predict long-term consequences of plant–plant interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3502","usgsCitation":"Zaiats, A., Germino, M., Serpe, M.D., Richardson, B., and Caughlin, T., 2021, Intraspecific variation mediates density dependence in a genetically diverse plant species: Ecology, v. 102, no. 11, e03502, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3502.","productDescription":"e03502, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122281","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","city":"Ephraim, Majors Flat, Orchard","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.861572265625,\n 43.46886761482925\n ],\n [\n -114.04907226562499,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 39.39375459224348\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 40.10328591293439\n ],\n [\n -111.90673828125,\n 40.83874913796459\n ],\n [\n -112.071533203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -115.8837890625,\n 43.492782808225\n ],\n [\n -116.861572265625,\n 43.46886761482925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaiats, Andrii","contributorId":257073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaiats","given":"Andrii","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serpe, Marcelo D.","contributorId":257074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serpe","given":"Marcelo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, Bryce 0000-0001-9521-4367","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-4367","contributorId":195702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Bryce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caughlin, Trevor 0000-0001-6752-2055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-2055","contributorId":256964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caughlin","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223771,"text":"70223771 - 2021 - Pedigree accumulation analysis: Combining methods from community ecology and population genetics for breeding adult estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:43:01.819527","indexId":"70223771","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-07T10:51:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pedigree accumulation analysis: Combining methods from community ecology and population genetics for breeding adult estimation","docAbstract":"The basic stratigraphic and structural framework of Mount Diablo is described using a revised geologic map, gravity data, and aeromagnetic data. The mountain is made up of two distinct stratigraphic assemblages representing different depocenters that were juxtaposed by ~20 km of late Pliocene and Quaternary right-lateral offset on the Greenville-Diablo-Concord fault. Both assemblages are composed of Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata overlying a compound basement made up of the Franciscan and Great Valley complexes. The rocks are folded and faulted by late Neogene and Quaternary compressional structures related to both regional plate-boundary–normal compression and a restraining step in the strike-slip fault system. The core of the mountain is made up of uplifted basement rocks. Late Neogene and Quaternary deformation is overprinted on Paleogene extensional deformation that is evidenced at Mount Diablo by significant attenuation in the basement rocks and by an uptilted stepped graben structure on the northeast flank. Retrodeformation of the northeast flank suggests that late Early to early Late Cretaceous strata may have been deposited against and across a steeply west-dipping basement escarpment. The location of the mountain today was a depocenter through the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene and received shallow-marine deposits periodically into the late Miocene. Uplift of the mountain itself happened mostly in the Quaternary.
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