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Ground water is available at most places in the park and wells yield as much as 100 gallons per minute. </p><p>Water from streams, lakes, wells, and springs is of good quality. Dissolved solids range from 35 to 180 mg/L in lakes, from 145 to 214 mg/L in streams, and from 136 to 468 mg/L in groundwater. Analyses of samples for pesticides and trace metals indicate that no pesticides are present in the water, and that concentrations of trace metals do not exceed recommended drinking-water standards. </p><p>Surface and ground water are available in sufficient quantity in most areas of the park for the development of water supplies for visitor 's centers, campgrounds, picnic areas, and other park facilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri834253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Handy, A., and Stark, J., 1984, Water resources of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4253, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834253.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":27259,"text":"wri844317 - 1984 - Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T20:16:34.84596","indexId":"wri844317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4317","title":"Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation","docAbstract":"<p>The aquifers in the lower Mesilla Valley of Texas and New Mexico provide water for irrigation, industrial use, and municipal supply. At present (1984), the shallow aquifer is used principally for irrigation. The medium-depth aquifer (the top of which is about 160 to 260 feet below land surface) and deep aquifer (about 460 to 680 feet below land surface) are used almost exclusively by the city of El Paso to provide about 28 percent of the city's ground-water withdrawal of about 82,000 acre-feet in 1980; however, a small percentage of the pumpage is from the shallow aquifer. The potential use of the medium-depth and deep aquifers for irrigation, together with a planned increase in pumping by the city, is causing concern on the part of El Paso water planners over the impact of this development on the limited supply from the two aquifers.</p>\n<p>A three-dimensional digital model of the aquifers was developed to evaluate the responses of water levels to various plans of development, with particular emphasis on the medium-depth and deep aquifers in and near the Canutillo well field. Simulations also were made to show the effect of eliminating seepage from the Rio Grande to the aquifer system.</p>\n<p>The model simulations indicate that if pumpage by the city of El Paso during 1^76-80 increases to 10,000 acre-feet, per year from the medium-depth aquifer and to 20,000 acre-feet per year from the deep aquifer, and elsewhere in the study area pumping was held constant at the 1975 rate, then additional lowering of water levels in representative observation wells would be as much as 24 feet in the medium-depth aquifer and as much as 52 feet in the deep aquifer. The water levels would decline sharply during the first few months, after which the levels would become nearly stable because the leakage between the aquifers probably is enough to balance the increased pumpage. The model also indicated that lining of the channel of the Rio Grande would result in an additional lowering of water levels in representative observation wells by 10 feet in the medium-depth aquifer and 8 feet in the deep aquifer.</p>\n<p>The accuracy of water levels simulated by a model is dependent on the accuracy and distribution of input data and how well model boundary conditions approximate actual boundary conditions. Because of a lack of hydro!ogic data (especial ly water-1 evel information) everywhere except the Canutillo wellfield area, because the simulated cone of depression reached two boundaries, and because the model contained an error and several deficiencies as explained in the \"Discussion\" section, the simulated results need to be interpreted carefully. The authors believe that the simulated results could be used best as a preliminary and conceptual evaluation of the pumping effects at the Canutillo well field, not as a quantitative interpretation. Although the patterns of simulated hydrographs of water-level change in observation wells in the Canutillo field generally may be correct, the amount of change simulated probably is not correct.</p>\n<p>Because the salinity of water in all three aquifers south of Canutillo is greater than elsewhere in the study area, there is potential for movement of this water northward toward the Canutillo well field if the cone of depression reaches that part of the aquifer system. This potential should be evaluated in future geohydrologic studies of the lower Mesilla Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri844317","usgsCitation":"Gates, J.S., White, D., and Leggat, E., 1984, Preliminary study of the aquifers of the lower Mesilla Valley in Texas and New Mexico by model simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4317, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844317.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36158.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4317/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"lower Mesilla Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.633,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.633,\n              31.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              31.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.583,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":20729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":197812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leggat, E. R.","contributorId":28222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leggat","given":"E. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27568,"text":"wri844292 - 1984 - Availability of natural and regulated streamflows for instream uses during historical droughts, lower Neosho River, southeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:40:23.015022","indexId":"wri844292","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4292","title":"Availability of natural and regulated streamflows for instream uses during historical droughts, lower Neosho River, southeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of three historical droughts on streamflows available for instream use on the lower Neosho River at Iola and Parsons, Kansas, were investigated. Natural streamflows that occurred during the three droughts were compared to the multiple-use and water-quality streamflows recommended by State agencies. A reservoir model was used to investigate the effects of John Redmond Reservoir on the natural streamflows. The regulated streamflow produced from the reservoir model then was compared to the multiple-use and water-quality streamflows. The regulated streamflows usually satisfied the multiple-use and water-quality streamflows more often than the natural streamflows. Frequency analysis made on the natural and regulated streamflows showed that the number of days of low flow (less than 30 cubic feet per second) were reduced by the regulated streamflows, which aided in the achievement of the multiple-use and water-quality streamflows goals. The reservoir model was used to determine if sufficient storage was available in John Redmond Reservoir to modify the natural streamflows in order to satisfy the multiple-use and water-quality streamflow recommendations. Additional storage of 15,400 acre-feet was estimated to be needed to maintain the multiple-use streamflows at Parsons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844292","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Stiles, T.C., 1984, Availability of natural and regulated streamflows for instream uses during historical droughts, lower Neosho River, southeastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4292, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844292.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411378,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36135.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"lower Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.967,\n              38.428\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.967,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.072,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.072,\n              38.428\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.967,\n              38.428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiles, T. C.","contributorId":56690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27198,"text":"wri834162 - 1984 - Quality of water, Quillayute River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri834162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4162","title":"Quality of water, Quillayute River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Groundwater in Quillayute River basin is generally of the calcium bicarbonate type, although water from some wells is affected by seawater intrusion and is predominantly of the sodium chloride type. The water is generally of excellent quality for most uses. River-water quality was generally excellent, as evaluated against Washington State water-use and water-quality criteria. Fecal coliform concentrations in all major tributaries met State water-quality criteria; water temperatures occasionally exceeded criteria maximum during periods of warm weather and low streamflow. Nutrient concentrations were generally low to very low. The four largest lakes in the basin were temperature-stratified in summer and one had an algal bloom. The Quillayute estuary had salt-wedge mixing characteristics; pollutants entering the salt wedge tended to spread to the toe of the wedge. Upwelling ocean water was the major cause of the low dissolved-oxygen concentrations observed in the estuary; ammonia concentrations in the estuary, however, were increased by the upwelling ocean waters. As in the rivers, total-coliform bacteria concentrations in the estuary were greater than fecal-coliform concentrations, indicating that many of the bacteria were of nonfecal origin and probably originated from soils. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834162","usgsCitation":"Fretwell, M.O., 1984, Quality of water, Quillayute River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4162, viii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834162.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db6370bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fretwell, M. O.","contributorId":50518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27865,"text":"wri844041 - 1984 - Low-flow transport models for conservative and sorbed solutes — Uvas Creek, near Morgan Hill, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:02:14.126583","indexId":"wri844041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4041","title":"Low-flow transport models for conservative and sorbed solutes — Uvas Creek, near Morgan Hill, California","docAbstract":"<p>Models describing low-flow transport of conservative (nonreactive) and reactive solutes, which adsorb on the streambed, are developed and tested. Temporary storage within the bed plays an important role in solute movement. Three different models of bed-storage processes are developed for conservative solutes. One model assumes the bed is a well-mixed, nondiffusing, nonreacting zone. Solute flux into the bed is then proportional to the difference between stream and bed-solute concentrations. A second model assumes that solute is transported within the bed by a vertical diffusion process. The bed-solute concentration, which matches the stream concentration at the interface, varies with depth in the bed according to Fick 's law. A third model assumes convection in the downstream direction occurs in certain parts of the bed, while the mechanism of the first model functions elsewhere. Storage of absorbing species is assumed to occur by equilibrium adsorption within streambed particles. Uptake rate is described by an intraparticle diffusion process. Model equations were solved using finite element numerical methods. Models were calibrated using data from a 24-hour injection of conservative chloride and adsorptive Sr ions at Uvas Creek near Morgan Hill, California. All models predict well except for some overestimation by the adsorption model during dieaway.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844041","usgsCitation":"Jackman, A.P., Walters, R.A., and Kennedy, V.C., 1984, Low-flow transport models for conservative and sorbed solutes — Uvas Creek, near Morgan Hill, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4041, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844041.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394617,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35942.htm"},{"id":123415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Uvas Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.75,\n              37.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.667,\n              37.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.667,\n              37.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75,\n              37.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75,\n              37.05\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26710,"text":"wri834288 - 1984 - Estimates of dissolved and suspended substance yield of stream basins in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:15:47.117207","indexId":"wri834288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4288","title":"Estimates of dissolved and suspended substance yield of stream basins in Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data collected at 20 stations in Michigan were used to develop regression equations relating loads of dissolved and suspended substances to discharge. These equations and mean daily discharge were used to estimate long-term loads, which then were converted to estimates of drainage basin yields. These yields were compared to measured yields and to previous estimates. </p><p>Equations were developed for each station that express the relation between load and discharge (L = aQ<sup>b</sup>) for 19 substances and properties. Fifty percent of the equations had standard errors of 22 percent or less; 90 percent of the equations had standard errors of 80 percent or less. Regression exponents indicate that the load increases as discharge increases in all cases, but for about two-thirds of the substances or properties, the increase is less rapid than that of discharge. Seventy-eight percent of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads, taken as a group, increase more rapidly than discharge. Concentrations of about 63 percent of the substances or properties decrease as discharge increases, however. </p><p>Although comparative data for most drainage basins are scant, yields estimated by use of regression equations did not differ appreciably from measured values at locations where comparison was possible.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri834288","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., 1984, Estimates of dissolved and suspended substance yield of stream basins in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4288, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834288.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":28579,"text":"wri834128 - 1984 - Channel changes of Powder River between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana, 1939-1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri834128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4128","title":"Channel changes of Powder River between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana, 1939-1978","docAbstract":"Bank erosion and changes in channel width, length, and pattern were determined for the Powder River between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana using maps of the bankfull channel made from aerial photographs taken during 1939, 1954, 1967, 1973, and 1978. Contemporaneous daily mean and peak discharge records from Moorhead provide the hydrologic data used to interpret the measurements. Magnitudes and frequency of flows were determined for each interval of time delimited by photographs. Bank erosion is related to the number of days that mean discharge was equal to or greater than bankfull (1.5-year flood). Mean channel width ranged between 264 ft (1973) and 415 ft (1967). The channel was wider after periods of higher annual peak flows. The channel lengthened between 1939 and 1978, although at least 12 meanders cut off between Moorhead and Broadus. Variable rates of lengthening in the reach reflect the degree of bedrock control in the valley and local variations in valley slope. Data from the Powder River verify the concept of thresholds of channel pattern stability that were demonstrated experimentally. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834128","usgsCitation":"Martinson, H.A., 1984, Channel changes of Powder River between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana, 1939-1978: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4128, vi, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834128.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinson, H. A.","contributorId":16834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28499,"text":"wri834165 - 1984 - A reconnaissance of the water resources of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation and adjacent areas, Pacific County, Washington, 1978-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri834165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4165","title":"A reconnaissance of the water resources of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation and adjacent areas, Pacific County, Washington, 1978-1979","docAbstract":"A 1978-79 reconnaissance of the quantity and quality of water in the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation yielded information needed by the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe to plan future use of these resources. Ground water from the local artesian aquifer is suitable for most uses and it is estimated that yield can be as much as 100 to 500 gallons per minute. Long-term yields cannot be calculated from available data. Data from 1968-80 show no measurable declines in water levels or rates of flow due to pumping from the aquifer. Analysis of ground-water samples indicated no seawater intrusion into the aquifer. Mean monthly flows of two streams in the study area ranged from 0.53 to 3.28 cubic feet per second in February 1979. Estimated average 7-day low flows with a recurrance interval of 2 years ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 cubic feet per second. Analyses of surface-water samples indicated concentrations of Aldrin, DDD, DDT, Dieldrin, Diazinon , and Ethyl Parathion that exceeded EPA limits for protection of marine life. Samples of the stream-bottom material in one stream had high concentrations of Aldrin, DDD, DDE, DDT, Dichlobenil, and Dieldrin. Tribally owned tidelands into which these streams flow may be contaminated by these toxic chemicals. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834165","usgsCitation":"Lum, W., 1984, A reconnaissance of the water resources of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation and adjacent areas, Pacific County, Washington, 1978-1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4165, vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834165.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a857a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E.","contributorId":57847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27654,"text":"wri844260 - 1984 - Use of selected basin characteristics to estimate mean annual runoff and peak discharges for ungaged streams in drainage basins containing strippable coal resources, northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4260","title":"Use of selected basin characteristics to estimate mean annual runoff and peak discharges for ungaged streams in drainage basins containing strippable coal resources, northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Equations in this report can be used to estimate mean annual runoff and peak discharges for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for ungaged streams in drainage basins containing strippable coal resources in northwestern New Mexico. These streamflow characteristics are related to basin characteristics that were found to be significant, using regression techniques. Mean annual runoff for ephemeral streams is related to drainage area, active-channel width, main-channel slope, basin slope, and silt-clay percentage in active-channel banks. Peak discharges for ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams are related to drainage area, active-channel width, main-channel length, basin slope, and silt-clay percentage in active-channel banks. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844260","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H., 1984, Use of selected basin characteristics to estimate mean annual runoff and peak discharges for ungaged streams in drainage basins containing strippable coal resources, northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4260, iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844260.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H.R.","contributorId":92259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26735,"text":"wri844154 - 1984 - Infiltration to the Navajo sandstone in the lower Dirty Devil River basin, Utah, with emphasis on techniques used in its determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4154","title":"Infiltration to the Navajo sandstone in the lower Dirty Devil River basin, Utah, with emphasis on techniques used in its determination","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844154","usgsCitation":"Danielson, T.W., and Hood, J.W., 1984, Infiltration to the Navajo sandstone in the lower Dirty Devil River basin, Utah, with emphasis on techniques used in its determination: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4154, v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844154.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55614,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, T. W.","contributorId":48590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"T.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, J. W.","contributorId":87908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27819,"text":"wri844006 - 1984 - Hydrogeology of the Verna well-field area and management alternatives for improving yield and quality of water, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri844006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4006","title":"Hydrogeology of the Verna well-field area and management alternatives for improving yield and quality of water, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"About 8 million gallons of water are pumped daily from the 3-square-mile Verna well field to supply the city of Sarasota. Pumping has resulted in water-level declines and changes in water quality. Drawdowns of at least 30 feet have occurred in the producing zone at the well-field boundaries. Sulfate concentrations in the pumped water have increased from about 200 milligrams per liter in 1966 to about 400 milligrams per liter in 1982 in the western part of the well field. In the eastern part, sulfate concentrations have increased from about 300 to 350 milligrams per liter during this period. The increases roughly coincide with increases in pumping rates. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844006","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., 1984, Hydrogeology of the Verna well-field area and management alternatives for improving yield and quality of water, Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4006, v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844006.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28488,"text":"wri844049 - 1984 - Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri844049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4049","title":"Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York","docAbstract":"Flood-discharge profiles of 10 streams in Rockland County at six recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years are presented. Synthetic flood-frequency estimates were derived for nine rainfall-runoff sites from calibrated models; observed flood-frequency estimates were derived for three sites having long-term discharge records. A variance-weighting technique was applied to compare the synthetic flood-frequency estimates with the observed (gaged) estimates and estimates computed at each site from regional regression equations. For ungaged locations on the 10 streams, flood-frequency relationships were derived from regional regression equations previously developed for New Jersey streams. Regional analysis indicated the most significant basin characteristics to be drainage area, streambed slope, storage, and amount of impervious cover. A method for refining (weighting) flood-frequency estimates at selected ungaged locations near rainfall-runoff and (or) long-term gaged sites is given. This report explains analytical methods and includes a list of basin characteristics at several locations along each stream and a table of peak discharges for the six recurrence intervals at 13 gaging stations. The profiles enable the determination of flood discharge at all locations having a drainage area greater than 1 square mile on the 10 streams. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844049","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1984, Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4049, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844049.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57285,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27191,"text":"wri834277 - 1984 - Methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri834277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4277","title":"Methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834277","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S., 1984, Methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4277, ii, 15 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834277.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, S.A.","contributorId":9246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26929,"text":"wri844308 - 1984 - Reconnaissance of water-quality characteristics of streams in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T08:49:46","indexId":"wri844308","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4308","title":"Reconnaissance of water-quality characteristics of streams in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"In 1979-81, water samples were collected from 119 sites on streams throughout the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and were analyzed for specific conductance, dissolved chloride, hardness, pH, total alkalinity, total phosphorus, trace elements, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, silver, and zinc and biological measures including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal streptococcus bacteria. Sampling was conducted during both low flow (base flow) and high flow. Several water-quality measures including pH, total arsenic, total cadmium, total chromium, total copper, total iron, total lead, total manganese, total mercury, total silver, total zinc, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform bacteria at times exceeded North Carolina water-quality standards in various streams. Runoff from non-point sources appears to contribute more to the deterioration of streams in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County than point-source effluents. Urban and industrial areas contribute various trace elements. Residential and rural areas and municipal waste-water treatment plants contribute high amounts of phosphorus.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844308","usgsCitation":"Eddins, W., and Crawford, J.K., 1984, Reconnaissance of water-quality characteristics of streams in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4308, viii, 105 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844308.","productDescription":"viii, 105 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","city":"Charlotte","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddins, W.H.","contributorId":47796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddins","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, J. K.","contributorId":18396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26933,"text":"wri834268 - 1984 - Effects of irrigating with wastewater on ground-water quality at Fort Carson Military Reservation golf course near Colorado Springs, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T22:52:41.14404","indexId":"wri834268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4268","title":"Effects of irrigating with wastewater on ground-water quality at Fort Carson Military Reservation golf course near Colorado Springs, Colorado","docAbstract":"Fort Carson Military Reservation has used treatment wastewater for irrigation of the Fort Carson golf course since 1971. The effect of applied wastewater on groundwater quality at Fort Carson golf course was evaluated using water levels and water-quality data from 20 observation wells. The water-quality constituents analyzed included dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, detergents, dissolved organic carbon, chemical and biological oxygen demand, and trace elements. Effects of the applied wastewater on ground-water quality for most constituents were obscured by large areal variations and by high concentrations of the constituents upgradient from the golf course. The sources of nitrogen observed in the ground water beneath the golf course were applied wastewater, applied fertilizer, leachate from the organic-rich shale, and from unknown upgradient sources. Nitrogen loading at the golf course from wastewater and applied fertilizer was estimated to be 18 ,900 pounds per year. After 10 years, less than 1 percent of the nitrogen applied was actually present in the ground water. Loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere as nitrous oxides, absorption, and to fixation by grass resulted in the much smaller concentrations observed in the ground water. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834268","usgsCitation":"Edelmann, P., 1984, Effects of irrigating with wastewater on ground-water quality at Fort Carson Military Reservation golf course near Colorado Springs, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4268, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834268.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35894.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4268/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","otherGeospatial":"Fort Carson Military Reservation golf course","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.819,\n              38.7280\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.819,\n              38.717\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.792,\n              38.717\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.792,\n              38.7280\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.819,\n              38.7280\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26934,"text":"wri834281 - 1984 - Quality of ground water in agricultural areas of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri834281","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4281","title":"Quality of ground water in agricultural areas of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"The quality of ground water in the principal agricultural areas of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado was evaluated using chemical analyses of water collected from 57 wells completed in the unconfined aquifer and from 25 wells completed in the confined aquifer. Ground water in both aquifers generally contains dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 500 milligrams per liter. In most areas, calcium is the principal cation in the ground water. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations expressed as nitrogen, are generally less than 1 milligram per liter. However, the quality of ground water in certain areas may pose health and agricultural hazards. Water in the unconfined aquifer near Center contains high nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations. The highest measured concentration in this area was 33 milligrams per liter. Water containing more than 1 milligram per liter of nitrite as nitrogen, or 10 milligrams per liter nitrate, as nitrogen, poses a potential health hazard for infants and should not be used for drinking. In addition, dissolved-solids concentration in the ground water in some areas is greater than 500 milligrams per liter and, if used for irrigation may reduce crop yields. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834281","usgsCitation":"Edelmann, P., and Buckles, D.R., 1984, Quality of ground water in agricultural areas of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4281, v, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834281.","productDescription":"v, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4281/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckles, David R.","contributorId":56687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28115,"text":"wri834042 - 1984 - Geohydrology of the northern part of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri834042","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4042","title":"Geohydrology of the northern part of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"In general, ground water in the area is of suitable quality for drinking and most other uses. Some constituents, however, particularly iron, chloride, and nitrogen, occur locally in unacceptable concentrations. Average hydraulic conductivity ranges from 100 to 300 feet per day (ft/d) in the upper glacial aquifer and from 50 to 70 ft/d in the Magothy aquifer. Transmissivity ranges from 25,000 to 105,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) in the upper glacial aquifer and from 13,000 to 41 ,000 ft2/d in the Magothy aquifer. Only sparse data are available for the Lloyd aquifer; average hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are estimated to be 40 ft/d and 10,000 ft2d, respectively. Precipitation (44.4 inches per year) is the only source of ground water in central and eastern Long Island. In the area studied, about 21.5 inches per year reaches the ground-water reservoir. The remainder is lost to over-land runoff (0.5 inch) and evapotranspiration (22.4 inches). Total public-water-supply pumpage in the area is estimated to be 23.2 million gallons per day. Of this total, 15.8 million gallons per day is withdrawn from the upper glacial aquifer and 7.4 million gallons per day from the Magothy aquifer; the Lloyd aquifer is not used for water supply in the area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834042","usgsCitation":"Koszalka, E., 1984, Geohydrology of the northern part of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4042, vi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834042.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56943,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56944,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56945,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56946,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56947,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56948,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koszalka, E. J.","contributorId":28949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koszalka","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26959,"text":"wri844141 - 1984 - Sediment Transport in the Lower Yampa River, Northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"wri844141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4141","title":"Sediment Transport in the Lower Yampa River, Northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Discharge measurements and sediment samples were taken at streamflow-gaging station 09260050 Yampa River at Deerlodge Park in 1982 and 1983 to determine the annual sediment supply to the Yampa Canyon in Dinosaur National Monument. Forty-three years of discharge records at two tributary sites were combined to determine the historic discharge of the Yampa River at Deerlodge Park. A mean annual hydrograph and flow-duration curve were derived from these data. Sediment-transport equations were derived for total sediment discharge, suspended-sediment discharge, bedload dischagre, and the discharge of sediment in several particle-sizes. Annual sediment discharge were determined by the flow-duration, sediment-rating-curve method and indicated annual total sediment discharge was approximately 2.0 million tons per year of which 0.8 million tons per year was sand-sized material. Bedload was almost entirely sand, and annual bedload discharge was 0.1 million tons per year. Development of water resources in the Yampa River basin could effect the geomorphic character of the Yampa River at Deerlodge Park and the Yampa Canyon. Several scenarios of altered streamflow frequency distribution, reduced streamflow volume, and reduced sediment supply are examined to estimate the effect on the sediment budget at Deerlodge Park. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Kircher, J.E., and Von Guerard, P., 1984, Sediment Transport in the Lower Yampa River, Northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4141, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844141.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55846,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,40 ], [ -109,42 ], [ -106.5,42 ], [ -106.5,40 ], [ -109,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kircher, James E. jkircher@usgs.gov","contributorId":248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"James","email":"jkircher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27083,"text":"wri844066 - 1984 - An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T15:24:20","indexId":"wri844066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4066","title":"An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The Onion River in eastern Wisconsin was studied during the 1979 and 1980 water years to define the relationship between water quality and streamflow. Agricultural nonpoint-source discharges in the lower part of the Onion River are suspected of contributing significantly to degradation of water quality.</p>\n<p>Two streamflow water-quality monitoring stations were established on the Onion River, one at Hingham upstream of the affected area, and one near Sheboygan Falls downstream of the affected 272 pounds per square mile upstream of Hingham in the 1979 water year. Part of the high nutrient yields are due to point sources from Belgium Creek, which drains an area of 16.2 square miles. In the 1979 water year, point sources contributed an estimated 16,700 pounds of phosphorus or 45 percent of the total annual load downstream of Hingham, whereas, upstream of Hingham point sources contributed an estimated 2,200 pounds of phosphorus, or 18 percent of the total annual load. At Hingham during base flow, four of five phosphorus concentrations exceeded levels recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; most concentrations during storm runoff exceeded these levels. At Sheboygan Falls, all phosphorus concentrations at base flow and most storm runoff concentrations also exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency criteria. All samples at both Hingham and Sheboygan Falls contained concentrations of un-ionized ammonia that were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criteria (0.02 milligrams per liter), except the March 1980 samples. No samples exceeded the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources criteria for un-ionized ammonia (0.04 milligrams per liter). area. Streamflow at Onion River at Hingham ranged from a minimum 7-day mean low flow (Q?) of 8.7 to a maximum discharge of 600 cubic feet per second; at Onion River near Sheboygan Falls streamflow ranged from a Q7 of 13 to a maximum discharge of 2,350 cubic feet per second. Based on discharges at the Sheboygan River at Sheboygan, these discharges ranged from about double the low flow that occurs on the average of once every 2 years, to discharges of between 5-and 10-year recurrence intervals. The average discharges at Hingham in the 1979 and 1980 water were 32.2 and 27.6 cubic feet per second, respectively. At Sheboygan Falls, the average discharges in the 1979 and 1980 water years were 94.2 and 55.2 cubic feet per second, respectively. Based on the average discharge at the Sheboygan River at Sheboygan, the 1979 discharge was 60 percent greater than average, and the 1980 discharge was about 5 percent less than average.</p>\n<p>Precipitation in the study area for the 1979 water year was 33.1 inches and for the 1980 water year it was 36.8 inches; these amounts are 3.3 inches and 7.0 inches, respectively, more than average.</p>\n<p>Suspended-sediment yields and, probably, phosphorus yields were slightly above average for both years because of greater than normal precipitation, and stream discharges that were greater than normal in 1979 and near normal in 1980. Suspended-sediment yields were 79.1 tons per square mile for the 1979 water year and 63.9 tons per square mile for the 1980 water year at Hingham, while downstream of Hingham the yields were 93.5 tons per square mile for the 1979 water year and 84.2 tons per square mile for the 1980 water year. Phosphorus yields were 331 pounds per square mile for the 1979 water year and 317 pounds per square mile for the 1980 water year at Hingham. Downstream of Hingham, the phosphorus yields were 656 pounds per square mile for the 1979 water year and 647 pounds per square mile for the 198Q water year.</p>\n<p>A population of bottom-dwelling carp resuspends the bottom sediments during its late spring and early summer active period, possibly causing high concentrations of suspended sediment and phosphorus.</p>\n<p>Nutrient yields and loading rates were highest downstream of Hingham. Nonpoint-source contribution of phosphorus amounted to 362 pounds per square mile downstream of Hingham compared to&nbsp;272 pounds per square mile upstream of Hingham in the 1979 water year.</p>\n<p>Part of the high nutrient yields are due to point sources from Belgium Creek, which drains an area of 16.2 square miles. In the 1979 water year, point sources contributed an estimated 16,700 pounds of phosphorus or 45 percent of the total annual load downstream of Hingham, whereas, upstream of Hingham point sources contributed an estimated 2,200 pounds of phosphorus, or 18 percent of the total annual load.</p>\n<p>At Hingham during base flow, four of five phosphorus concentrations exceeded levels recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; most concentrations during storm runoff exceeded these levels. At Sheboygan Falls, all phosphorus concentrations at base flow and most storm runoff concentrations also exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency criteria.</p>\n<p>All samples at both Hingham and Sheboygan Falls contained concentrations of un-ionized ammonia that were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criteria (0.02 milligrams per liter), except the March 1980 samples. No samples exceeded the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources criteria for un-ionized ammonia (0.04 milligrams per liter).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Lidwin, R., 1984, An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4066, vi, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844066.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Ozaukee County, Sheboygan County","otherGeospatial":"Onion River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.06503295898438,\n              43.7859669617277\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.15704345703124,\n              43.75125720420175\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.08563232421875,\n              43.62762639320158\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.88719177246094,\n              43.55352464927332\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.84393310546875,\n              43.555515149559746\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8192138671875,\n              43.599289521300825\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.80548095703125,\n              43.65197548731187\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.77114868164062,\n              43.715534726205114\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.76016235351562,\n              43.76018449420188\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.81715393066406,\n              43.80083640601217\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.85903930664062,\n              43.777043519302175\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.98057556152344,\n              43.76365585841392\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.03688049316406,\n              43.77307711737606\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06503295898438,\n              43.7859669617277\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidwin, R.A.","contributorId":33349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27010,"text":"wri844142 - 1984 - Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in Pima County, Arizona, with comparisons of alternative methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4142","title":"Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in Pima County, Arizona, with comparisons of alternative methods","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844142","usgsCitation":"Eychaner, J., 1984, Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in Pima County, Arizona, with comparisons of alternative methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4142, v, 69 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844142.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55895,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eychaner, J.H.","contributorId":34511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27333,"text":"wri844134 - 1984 - Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods on streams in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:06:51","indexId":"wri844134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4134","title":"Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods on streams in Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Equations are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on unregulated and nonurban streams in Indiana. The equations were developed by multiple-regression, analysis of basin characteristics and peak-flow statistical data from 242 gaged locations in Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. The State of Indiana was divided into seven areas on the basis of the regression analysis. A set of equations for estimating peak discharges with recurrence intervals of 2, IO, 25, 50, and 100 years was developed for each area. Significant basin characteristics in the equations are drainage area, channel length, channel slope, mean annual precipitation, storage, precipitation intensity, and a runoff coefficient. Standard errors of estimate for the equations range from 24 to 45 percent.</p>\n<p>Methods are also presented for estimating flood magnitude and frequency at sites on gaged streams. Flood-frequency data based on observed peaks are given for 270 gaged locations. Twenty of these are on regulated streams, and six are on urban streams. Basin characteristics are also included car 245 of the gaged locations on unregulated and nonurban streams. No techniques are given for estimating flood magnitude and frequency at ungaged sites on regulated or urban streams.</p>\n<p>A rainfall-runoff model was tlsed to synthesize long-term peak data at 11 gaged locations on small streams. Flood-frequency curves developed from the long-term synthetic data were combined with curves based on short-term observed data to provide weighted estimates of flood magnitude and frequency at the rainfall-runoff stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri844134","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Highways, Federal Highway Adminstration","usgsCitation":"Glatfelter, D., 1984, Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods on streams in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4134, iv, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844134.","productDescription":"iv, 110 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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,{"id":27287,"text":"wri844327 - 1984 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:30:37","indexId":"wri844327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4327","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Secondary openings in bedrock are the avenues for virtually all ground-water flow in a 626-sqare-mile area in Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania. The number, size, and interconnection of secondary openings are functions of lithology, depth, and topography. Ground water actively circulates to depths of 150 to 300 feet below land surface. Total average annual ground-water recharge for the area is 388 million gallons per day, most of which discharges to streams from local, unconfined flow systems. \r\n\r\n      A digital ground-water flow model was developed to simulate unconfined flow under several different recharge and withdrawal scenarios. On the basis of lithologic and hydrologic differences, the modeled area was sub-divided into 22 hydrogeologic units. A finite-difference grid with rectangular blocks, each 2,015 by 2,332 feet, was used. The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The steady-state calibration was used to determine hydraulic conductivities and stream leakage coefficients and the transient calibration was used to determine specific yields. \r\n\r\n      The 22 hydrogeologic units fall into four general lithologies: Carbonate rocks, metamorphic rocks, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and Triassic sedimentary rocks. Average hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 8.8 feet per day in carbonate units to about .5 feet per day in metamorphic units. The Stonehenge Formation (limestone) has the greatest average hydraulic conductivity--85.2 feet per day in carbonate units to about 0.11 feet per day in the greatest gaining-strem leakage coefficient--16.81 feet per day. Specific yield ranges from 0.06 to 0.09 in carbonate units, and is 0.02 to 0.015, and 0.012 in metamorphic, Paleozoic sedimentary, and Triassic sedimentary units, respectively. \r\n\r\n      Transient simulations were made to determine the effects of four different combinations of natural and artificial stresses. Natural aquifer conditions (no ground-water withdrawals) and actual aquifer conditions (current ground-water withdrawals) were simulated for two years under normal seasonal and hypothetical drought (60-percent reduction in winter-spring recharge) conditions. \r\n\r\n      In October, 6 months after the hypothetical drought, simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the drought occurred everywhere and ranged from a median of 3.6 feet in carbonate units to 8.7 feet in carbonate units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by 33 to 51 percent during the hypothetical drought. \r\n\r\n      Also in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to ground-water withdrawls ranged from 33 feet in carbonate units to 79 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by the amount of ground water withdrawn. \r\n\r\n      Finally, again in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the combination of hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawls ranged from 38 feet in carbonate units to 109 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Due to aquifer dewatering, simulated declines were as much as 24 feet greater than the sum of the separate simulated declines that were caused by hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawals. Some of the greatest simulated declines were in well fields, operated by three municipalities that experienced water-supply problems during the 1980-81 drought.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844327","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., and Lazorchick, G., 1984, Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4327, vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844327.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56169,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56166,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56167,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56168,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, J. M.","contributorId":12855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazorchick, G.J.","contributorId":100391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchick","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26681,"text":"wri844248 - 1984 - Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well UE-25p#1, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4248","title":"Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well UE-25p#1, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Test well UE-25pNo1 was drilled in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site, for investigations related to the isolation of high-level nuclear wastes. Rocks penetrated in the well are predominantly ash-flow tuffs of Tertiary age to a depth of 1,244 meters and dolomite of Paleozoic age to a total depth of 1,805 meters. Hydraulic head is 20 meters higher in the Paleozoic dolomite than in most of the Tertiary tuffs; this hydraulic-head difference indicates a major hydrologic barrier to the downward movement of fluid. Any vertical fluid movement from the Tertiary to the Paleozoic sections would be small, as would be movement from the Paleozoic rocks into the Tertiary rocks. In the Tertiary section, an interval of less than 30 meters in the upper Prow Pass Member of Crater Flat Tuff has an apparent transmissivity of 14 meters squared per day. In the Paleozoic section, an interval of less than 22 meters has an apparent transmissivity of 69 meters squared per day. Compositions of water from the Tertiary and Paleozoic sections are similar to regional waters from rocks of the same ages. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri844248","usgsCitation":"Craig, R.W., and Robison, J.H., 1984, Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well UE-25p#1, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4248, vi, 57 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844248.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, R. W.","contributorId":40984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robison, J. H.","contributorId":60183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27340,"text":"wri834078 - 1984 - Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri834078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4078","title":"Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for determining the probability of a reservoir being unable to provide a specified downstream water supply. By applying the model with a number of assumed storage capacities, the long-term water supply potential of a stream below a reservoir can be evaluated. Previous methods for determining available water supply from streamflow records using a reservoir storage analysis have met with limited success in semiarid regions. The shortcomings are due to the failure of the methods to account for zero-flow periods and the high day-to-day variability of discharge of many streams. The reservoir storage model presented in this report is designed to account for these streamflow characteristics. Reservoir inflow, outflow, and evaporation are modeled as varying daily, and values of storage probability are adjusted for zero-flow periods. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834078","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1984, Storage analyses for ephemeral streams in semiarid regions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4078, v, 55 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834078.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, K. C.","contributorId":14828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27741,"text":"wri844207 - 1984 - Statistical models for estimating flow characteristics of Michigan streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T12:01:24","indexId":"wri844207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4207","title":"Statistical models for estimating flow characteristics of Michigan streams","docAbstract":"<p>Multiple-regression equations were developed to estimate flow characteristics at ungaged sites. Several readily measureable basin characteristics and an areal adjustment factor are required in the equations. Equations have been prepared to estimate mean and mean monthly flow, flow duration, low flow, peak flow, and flood volume. </p><p>The precision of the flow estimate varies with the flow characteristic being estimated, and the basin characteristics at the site of interest. Mean and mean monthly flow characteristics have the lowest standard error while the peak flow and low flow characteristics have the highest standard errors. Sites that have basin characteristics similar to the basin characteristics used to develop the regression equations can be estimated more precisely. Confidence limits can be computed about the estimate using information included in this report. </p><p>Five regions were designated in Michigan to account for the areal variation in the standard error of regression equations. Increased gaging activity in regions having higher standard errors may provide the greatest potential for increasing the precision of regional transfer of flow information provided .by regression equations. Accordingly, additional continuous-record stations may be most useful in region 3 for reducing the standard error of mean and mean monthly flow equations. Additional partial-record stations may be most beneficial in region 4 for reducing the standard error of low flow and peak-flow regression equations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri844207","collaboration":"Prepared jointly with Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Water Management Division","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Croskey, H., 1984, Statistical models for estimating flow characteristics of Michigan streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4207, iv, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844207.","productDescription":"iv, 80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56587,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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