Five years of daily suspended-sediment discharges (1968, 1969, 1975, 1976, and 1980) for Bay Creek at Nebo, Illinois, computed from once- or twice-weekly samples (more often during storm events), were used to develop transport equations that can be used to estimate long-term suspended-sediment discharges from long-term water-discharge records. Discharge was divided into three groups based on changes in slope on a graph of logarithms of water discharge versus suspended-sediment discharge. Two subgroups were formed within each of the three groups by determining whether the flow was steady or increasing, or was decreasing. Seasonality was accounted for by introducing day of the year in sine and cosine functions. The suspended-sediment load estimated from the equations for the 5 years was 77.3 percent of that computed from daily sediment- and water-discharge records for those years. The mean annual suspended-sediment load for 41 years of estimated loads was 359 ,500 tons, which represents a yield of about 3.5 tons per acre from the Bay Creek drainage basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844003","usgsCitation":"Lazaro, T.R., Fitzgerald, K.K., and Frost, L.R., 1984, Estimates of long-term suspended-sediment loads in Bay Creek at Nebo, Pike County, Illinois, 1940-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4003, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844003.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411925,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35911.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57101,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Pike County","city":"Nebo","otherGeospatial":"Bay Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -90.85,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -90.85,\n 39.417\n ],\n [\n -90.65,\n 39.417\n ],\n [\n -90.65,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazaro, Timothy R.","contributorId":16050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazaro","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Kathleen K.","contributorId":59847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, Leonard R. Jr.","contributorId":41465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Leonard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26724,"text":"wri844349 - 1984 - Finite-element simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:51:56.728644","indexId":"wri844349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4349","title":"Finite-element simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California","docAbstract":"A finite-element model of the groundwater flow system in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain at the Nevada Test Site was developed using parameter estimation techniques. The model simulated steady-state ground-water flow occurring in tuffaceous, volcanic , and carbonate rocks, and alluvial aquifers. Hydraulic gradients in the modeled area range from 0.00001 for carbonate aquifers to 0.19 for barriers in tuffaceous rocks. Three model parameters were used in estimating transmissivity in six zones. Simulated hydraulic-head values range from about 1,200 m near Timber Mountain to about 300 m near Furnace Creek Ranch. Model residuals for simulated versus measured hydraulic heads range from -28.6 to 21.4 m; most are less than +/-7 m, indicating an acceptable representation of the hydrologic system by the model. Sensitivity analyses of the model 's flux boundary condition variables were performed to assess the effect of varying boundary fluxes on the calculation of estimated model transmissivities. Varying the flux variables representing discharge at Franklin Lake and Furnace Creek Ranch has greater effect than varying other flux variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844349","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J., and Waddell, R.K., 1984, Finite-element simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4349, Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 31.1 x 46.30 inches and 30.87 x 42.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844349.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 31.1 x 46.30 inches and 30.87 x 42.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413793,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36183.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55598,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4349/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4349/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4349/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 37.062\n ],\n [\n -116.883,\n 37.062\n ],\n [\n -116.883,\n 36.217\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 36.217\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 37.062\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, J.B.","contributorId":51768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, R. K.","contributorId":25560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27160,"text":"wri844004 - 1984 - Magnitude and frequency of floods from urban streams in Leon County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4004","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods from urban streams in Leon County, Florida","docAbstract":"Techniques are provided for estimating flood magnitudes for urban-flow streams in Leon County, Florida, for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years. Synthetic flood peaks were generated by using a calibrated lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model, pan evaporation data from Milton, Florida, and long-term unit rainfall records from Thomasville-Collidge, Georgia, and Pensacola, Florida. The flood peaks were used in multiple linear regression analyses to derive regional equations relating flood magnitude to basin characteristics. Significant basin characteristics were drainage area and impervious area. The average standard error of prediction ranged from + or - 32 percent for the 5-year recurrence interval to + or - 47 percent for the 500-year recurrence interval flood. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844004","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M., and Losey, G., 1984, Magnitude and frequency of floods from urban streams in Leon County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4004, iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844004.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64952f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, M.A.","contributorId":13631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Losey, G.T.","contributorId":12522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losey","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27544,"text":"wri834208 - 1984 - Chemical and biological quality of streams at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana, 1978-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T11:32:26","indexId":"wri834208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4208","title":"Chemical and biological quality of streams at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana, 1978-80","docAbstract":"A variety of land uses affects water quality of streams at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Discharge from storm sewers and runoff from roads contributed lead, zinc, and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlordane, DOT, ODD, DDE, and PCB's) to all streams except Derby ditch. In addition, the Little Calumet River received ammonia from industrial discharges, and organic materials, nitrogen, phosphorus, and fecal coliform from wastewater-treatment-plant and combinedsanitary- and storm-sewer discharges. As a result, water at some sites in the lower reaches of the Little Calumet River contained dissolved-ammonium-nitrogen concentrations exceeding 0.10 milligram per liter, dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than 3.0 milligrams per liter, and fecal coliform populations exceeding 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters.
\nSeepage from two landfills may have caused the concentration of dissolved solids in the west Grand Calumet River lagoon to exceed that in the east lagoon. Ammonium concentrations in the west lagoon ranged from 13 to 16 milligrams per liter as nitrogen.
\nPesticides used in agricultural areas were the major source of DOT, ODD, DDE, and dieldrin on streambed materials. Runoff from residential areas was a major source of nitrate, organic materials, and chlordane in Derby ditch and Dunes Creek.
\nWetland drainage contributed significant amounts of organic materials to streams and at times increased concentrations of dissolved sulfate and iron. Dissolved-iron concentrations correlated with dissolved-organic-carbon concentrations in yellow-brown water of Kintzele and Derby ditches.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri834208","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., 1984, Chemical and biological quality of streams at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana, 1978-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4208, viii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834208.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56400,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.28869438171387,\n 41.621923034123846\n ],\n [\n -87.26963996887207,\n 41.621730547188456\n ],\n [\n -87.26912498474121,\n 41.60806250618307\n ],\n [\n -87.24603652954102,\n 41.608511736657555\n ],\n [\n -87.24303245544434,\n 41.609859409312534\n ],\n [\n -87.24311828613281,\n 41.61306804041503\n ],\n [\n -87.23959922790527,\n 41.61313221140915\n ],\n [\n -87.23779678344727,\n 41.61396642852365\n ],\n [\n -87.23367691040039,\n 41.61441561788573\n ],\n [\n -87.23221778869629,\n 41.61249049859493\n ],\n [\n -87.2306728363037,\n 41.61531398722544\n ],\n [\n -87.2303295135498,\n 41.61614817612265\n ],\n [\n -87.22672462463377,\n 41.61499314246908\n ],\n [\n -87.22346305847167,\n 41.618329849922084\n ],\n [\n -87.22466468811035,\n 41.62558017672615\n ],\n [\n -87.17668533325195,\n 41.63578058345409\n ],\n [\n -87.17471122741699,\n 41.62301378257129\n ],\n [\n -87.17968940734863,\n 41.62275713753768\n ],\n [\n -87.18063354492188,\n 41.621923034123846\n ],\n [\n -87.1805477142334,\n 41.61807318624671\n ],\n [\n -87.18818664550781,\n 41.616725685192804\n ],\n [\n -87.1889591217041,\n 41.61634067972058\n ],\n [\n -87.18844413757324,\n 41.61364557706411\n ],\n [\n -87.18973159790039,\n 41.61358140658068\n ],\n [\n -87.19127655029297,\n 41.60799833014563\n ],\n [\n -87.19874382019043,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -87.19951629638672,\n 41.60645808609603\n ],\n [\n -87.20681190490723,\n 41.607677449000946\n ],\n [\n -87.2068977355957,\n 41.60273567783677\n ],\n [\n -87.21256256103516,\n 41.59978327031246\n ],\n [\n -87.21359252929686,\n 41.603698390215456\n ],\n [\n -87.22123146057129,\n 41.60286404031713\n ],\n [\n -87.22294807434082,\n 41.600040006763784\n ],\n [\n -87.23161697387695,\n 41.600681843423565\n ],\n [\n -87.23153114318848,\n 41.59644560350027\n ],\n [\n -87.25247383117676,\n 41.59792190049485\n ],\n [\n -87.25273132324217,\n 41.60061766004485\n ],\n [\n -87.25496292114258,\n 41.60074602673845\n ],\n [\n -87.2548770904541,\n 41.60382675078074\n ],\n [\n -87.27805137634276,\n 41.60389093096761\n ],\n [\n -87.27865219116211,\n 41.59914142471562\n ],\n [\n -87.34139442443848,\n 41.605880485097465\n ],\n [\n -87.32903480529784,\n 41.60645808609603\n ],\n [\n -87.31126785278319,\n 41.60594466324155\n ],\n [\n -87.30174064636229,\n 41.609153489052005\n ],\n [\n -87.28517532348633,\n 41.609602711929725\n ],\n [\n -87.28526115417479,\n 41.61640484745891\n ],\n [\n -87.28963851928711,\n 41.616854019839494\n ],\n [\n -87.29006767272949,\n 41.62205135842823\n ],\n [\n -87.28869438171387,\n 41.621923034123846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bcbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, M. A.","contributorId":54223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27071,"text":"wri844085 - 1984 - Suitability of water quality for fish propagation, waterfowl habitat, livestock watering, and recreational use at 12 reservoirs in eastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4085","title":"Suitability of water quality for fish propagation, waterfowl habitat, livestock watering, and recreational use at 12 reservoirs in eastern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844085","usgsCitation":"Ferreira, R.F., and Lambing, J., 1984, Suitability of water quality for fish propagation, waterfowl habitat, livestock watering, and recreational use at 12 reservoirs in eastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4085, iv, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844085.","productDescription":"iv, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27041,"text":"wri844000 - 1984 - Simulation of dynamic floodflows at gaged stations in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri844000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4000","title":"Simulation of dynamic floodflows at gaged stations in the southeastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844000","usgsCitation":"Faye, R., and Blalock, M., 1984, Simulation of dynamic floodflows at gaged stations in the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4000, vi, 114 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844000.","productDescription":"vi, 114 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, R.E.","contributorId":106863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blalock, M.E.","contributorId":54254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blalock","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26939,"text":"wri844140 - 1984 - Ground-water conditions in the Cottonwood-West Oakley Fan area, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri844140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4140","title":"Ground-water conditions in the Cottonwood-West Oakley Fan area, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"Intensive groundwater development in the Cottonwood-West Oakley Fan area, Cassia County, Idaho, has resulted in rapid water-level declines and establishment of two critical groundwater areas. A northwest-trending fault in nearly coincident with the boundary between the two critical groundwater areas. Southwest of the fault, water levels in limestone are as much as 200 feet higher than those in silicic volcanics northeast of the fault, which indicates the fault is an effective barrier to groundwater movement. Results of an aquifer test in limestone southwest of the fault further indicate no hydraulic connection with the silicic volcanics aquifer northeast of the fault. Water levels in wells completed in limestone and silicic volcanics aquifers have declined 5 and 5.5 feet per year since 1977. Groundwater withdrawals in 1980 were about 60,000 acre-free from the silicic volcanics aquifer and, between 1977 and 1982, averaged about 5,300 acre-feet per year from the limestone aquifer. Annual recharge to the silicic volcanics aquifer is between about 10,000 and 26,000 acre-feet; recharge to the limestone aquifer is near 4,000 acre-feet. Limited water-quality data indicate the groundwater is chemically suitable for irrigation and domestic use. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844140","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., and Young, H., 1984, Ground-water conditions in the Cottonwood-West Oakley Fan area, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4140, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844140.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.K.","contributorId":99995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27398,"text":"wri844114 - 1984 - Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:42:11","indexId":"wri844114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4114","title":"Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Sands Plain, a 225-square mile area, is near the Marquette iron-mining district in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Gribben Basin, a settling basin for disposal of waste rock particles from iron-ore concentration, is in the western part. Because Sands Plain is near iron-ore deposits, but not underlain by them, parts of the area are being considered as sites for additional tailings basins.
Glacial deposits, as much as 500 feet thick, comprise the principal aquifer. Most ground water flows through the glacial deposits and discharges in a series of nearly parallel tributaries to the Chocolay River which flows into Lake Superior. Ninety-five percent of the discharge of these streams is ground-water runoff. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation at an average rate of 15 inches per year and by streamflow losses from the upper reaches of Goose Lake Outlet at an average rate of 2 inches per year.
Precipitation collected at two sites had mean pH values of 4.0; rates of deposition of sulfate and total dissolved nitrogen were estimated to be 17.4 and 5.8 pounds per acre per year, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from streams ranged from 82 to 143 milligrams per liter; sulfate ranged from 4.2 to 10 milligrams per liter. Calcium and bicarbonate were the principal dissolved substances. Highest dissolved-solids concentrations in water from wells in glacial deposits were found in a major buried valley east of Goose Lake Outlet. These concentrations ranged from 14 to 246 milligrams per liter; sulfate concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 53 milligrams per liter. Because of the high ground-water component of streamflow, mean concentrations of total nitrogen and trace metals in surface water do not differ significantly from mean concentrations in ground water.
A two-dimensional digital model of ground-water flow was used to simulate water levels and ground-water runoff under steady-state and transient conditions Predictive simulations with the steady-state model were made to determine the effects of continued operation of Gribben tailings basin and construction and operation of four hypothetical tailings basins. Operation of Gribben Basin has decreased the average rate of ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet by 0.9 to 1.6 cubic feet per second but has increased the average rate of groundwater flow to Warner Creek by about 0.2 cubic foot per second. Continued filling of the tailings basin to its design capacity is expected to cause a slight increase in leakage from the basin to Goose Lake Outlet.
Four hypothetical tailings basins, comprising a total of 11 square miles, were simulated by successively adding one more basin to the previous basin configuration. Net ground-water flow to streams was reduced by the simulated basins. The magnitude of these reductions depends on engineering decisions about the method of basin construction and a better understanding of the hydraulic properties of the materials used to seal the basin perimeters. The maximum total reduction in ground-water runoff due to construction and operation of 11 square miles of tailings basins is about 18 cubic feet per second compared to flow simulated by a steady-state simulation without tailings basins. If bottom sealing, rather than slurry wall construction, is used for one of the hypothetical basins, the total maximum reduction is 7.5 cubic feet per second. Under some assumed conditions, leakage from the tailings basins may slightly increase ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet and Warner Creek. The maximum probable leakage from all tailings basins is about 7 cubic feet per second; the minimum probable leakage is about 0.7 cubic foot per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri844114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., 1984, Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4114, Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844114.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56257,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","otherGeospatial":"Sands Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.366667\n ],\n [\n -87.516667,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6277f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27101,"text":"wri834164 - 1984 - Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T19:57:45.66881","indexId":"wri834164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4164","title":"Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981","docAbstract":"Water samples were analyzed for 42 chemical constituents to determine the water quality of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania from April 1, 1980, to March 31, 1981. The investigation was part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Chesapeake Bay Program's Fall Line Monitoring Project to provide information on the Susquehanna River's freshwater input to the Chesapeake Bay. \r\n\r\nStreamflow and sediment discharge at Harrisburg during the study were 77 and 72 percent, respectively, of the average annual discharges. Precipitation was 16 percent lower than normal. Streamflow for February 1981 was 140 percent higher than the average monthly flow and transported 61 percent of the total annual sediment discharge. \r\n\r\nApproximately 2,300,000 tons of suspended sediment and 2,990,000 tons of dissolved solids were transported during the study. About 76 percent of the 42,000-ton nitrogen load was dissolved. Nearly 84 percent of the 2,930-ton phosphorus load and 95 percent of the 111,000-ton iron, aluminum and manganese loads were associated with suspended sediment. \r\n\r\nThe herbicides atrazine and 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the only pesticides measured in significant concentrations during the study period. Concentrations of 2,4-D varies throughout the year, and atrazine varied mostly during the spring and summer. Seasonal variations for other constituent concentrations and loads were directly related to streamflow. \r\n\r\nThe concentrations of many constituents varies with distance along the sampling cross-section. Maximum concentrations of suspended sediment differed between the east and west channels and fluctuated from one channel to the other. Specific conductance, dissolved nutrients, and dissolved major ions were consistently higher along the east and west banks. Dissolved nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in the vertical section closest to the west bank of the river. \r\n\r\nDiel variations of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance recorded for the period 1974 through 1978 were greatest during the months of June, July, August, and September. However, no trends in the amount of daily variation were determined for the five years of data. Regular diel variation patterns were observed for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH for all streamflow conditions except peak flow and ice melt conditions. Specific conductance showed no regular diel variation, and was inversely related to streamflow. All four constituents were greatly influenced for short durations by melting ice.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834164","usgsCitation":"Fishel, D.K., 1984, Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4164, vii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834164.","productDescription":"vii, 90 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55965,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409604,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35816.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Harrisburg","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.37109573401304\n ],\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.13768753069422\n ],\n [\n -76.74337760794909,\n 40.13768753069422\n ],\n [\n -76.74337760794909,\n 40.37109573401304\n ],\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.37109573401304\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, David K.","contributorId":34967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27054,"text":"wri834182 - 1984 - Evaluation of future base-flow water-quality conditions in the Hillsborough River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri834182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4182","title":"Evaluation of future base-flow water-quality conditions in the Hillsborough River, Florida","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, water-quality model was developed for a 30.0 mile reach of the Hillsborough River to evaluate water-quality conditions to be expected from future development. The model was calibrated and verified using data collected under critical base-flow conditions in April and December 1978. Dissolved organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total and fecal coliforms were modeled for most of the study reach. Model results were used to evaluate the impacts of two typical housing developments on water-quality conditions in Tampa Reservoir. One development is located in the Cypress Creek basin and the other near the upper end of the study reach. Model results show development in the Hillsborough River basin may cause increased total and fecal coliform conditions. Simulated total coliforms at the Tampa water treatment plant for 1-, 3-, and 5-square-mile developments located in the Cypress Creek basin were 3,000, 5,400, and 8,300 colonies per 100 milliliters. Similar developments, however, located near the upper end of the study reach were 2,000, 3,600, and 5,100 colonies per 100 milliliters. Simulated fecal coliforms were 360, 700, and 100 and 180, 350, and 510 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Other constituents modeled showed only minor increases in concentrations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834182","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., Goetz, C.L., and Miller, J., 1984, Evaluation of future base-flow water-quality conditions in the Hillsborough River, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4182, iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834182.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55930,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario Jr.","contributorId":77155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, C. L.","contributorId":55845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, J.E.","contributorId":63058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27751,"text":"wri844009 - 1984 - Water-resources reconnaissance of Prince William Forest Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4009","title":"Water-resources reconnaissance of Prince William Forest Park, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844009","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, H.T., 1984, Water-resources reconnaissance of Prince William Forest Park, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4009, iii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. + plate folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844009.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. + plate folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56595,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, H. T.","contributorId":35749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28494,"text":"wri834185 - 1984 - Availability of ground water from the alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri834185","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4185","title":"Availability of ground water from the alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"A digital model using finite-difference techniques was constructed to simulate ground-water flow in an alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation. The maximum long-term rate of pumping from individual wells, based on available data, is about 0.75 cubic feet per second (340 gallons per minute). Data on the extent, hydraulic conductivity, saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer, and quality of the ground water was obtained primarily from the more than 22 test holes drilled for this project. The test holes ranged in depth from about 10 to 100 feet. The saturated thickness of the alluvium was found to range generally from about 10 to 60 feet in the area investigated. The water table is usually less than 10 feet below land surface. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer was determined to range from 8.5 to 170 feet per day. The leakage coefficient of the river bed material was determined to be about 0.06 foot per day. Rainfall recharge to the aquifer is about 10 inches per year. A U.S. Geological Survey two-dimensional digital computer model was calibrated to simulate ground-water flow in the alluvial aquifer (area investigated is about 1.1 square miles). The calibrated model simulated measured water levels in the alluvial aquifer to within about 1 foot at 13 of 17 test well locations throughout the model area and within 2 feet at 16 of 17 test well locations. When pumping from the alluvial aquifer was simulated with the computer model it was found that 90 to 100 percent of the water pumped from wells was derived from induced recharge from the Nisqually River into the aquifer and (or) reduced discharge from the aquifer to the Nisqually River. Wells drilled for a large demand use such as a fish hatchery supply will achieve the highest yield if they are placed close to the Nisqually River and in the areas of greatest saturated thickness and highest permeability of the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834185","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., 1984, Availability of ground water from the alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4185, vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834185.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6602df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27159,"text":"wri844233 - 1984 - Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844233","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4233","title":"Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida","docAbstract":"Techniques are provided for estimating runoff magnitudes for urban-flow streams in Leon County, Florida, for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years. Synthetic runoff volumes were generated by using a calibrated lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model, pan evaporation data from Milton, Florida, and long-term unit rainfall records from Thomasville-Coolidge, Georgia, and Pensacola, Florida. The synthetic runoff volumes were used to develop station runoff-frequency relations which were used in multiple linear regression analyses to derive regional equations relating runoff to basin characteristics. The significant basin characteristic was impervious area. The average standard error of regression was + or - 16 percent for all recurrence intervals except the 2-year, + or - 18 percent and the 500-year + or - 17 percent. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844233","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M., 1984, Magnitude and frequency of flood volumes for urban watersheds in Leon County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4233, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844233.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, M.A.","contributorId":13631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28081,"text":"wri844222 - 1984 - Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4222","title":"Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Construction of the Tampa Bypass Canal, Florida has resulted in an increase in streamflow from the canal area. Base-flow discharge is more than twice preconstruction amounts. Discharge from springs has decreased by one half or more. Ground-water levels show an increase of up to 4 feet near structure S-160 due to impoundment of water. Elsewhere, levels have generally decreased by 2 to 4 feet. Some minor changes in water quality have occurred. Some of the changes, however, may be attributed to factors other than canal construction. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844222","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R., and Corral, M.A., 1984, Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4222, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844222.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f854c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corral, M. A.","contributorId":25201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corral","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28041,"text":"wri844048 - 1984 - Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri844048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4048","title":"Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"Monthly values were computed for water-quality constituents at four streamflow gaging stations in the Upper Colorado River basin for the determination of trends. Seasonal regression and seasonal Kendall trend analysis techniques were applied to two monthly data sets at each station site for four different time periods. A recently developed method for determining optimal water-discharge data-collection frequency was also applied to the monthly water-quality data. Trend analysis results varied with each monthly load computational method, period of record, and trend detection model used. No conclusions could be reached regarding which computational method was best to use in trend analysis. Time-period selection for analysis was found to be important with regard to intended use of the results. Seasonal Kendall procedures were found to be applicable to most data sets. Seasonal regression models were more difficult to apply and were sometimes of questionable validity; however, those results were more informative than seasonal Kendall results. The best model to use depends upon the characteristics of the data and the amount of trend information needed. The measurement-frequency optimization method had potential for application to water-quality data, but refinements are needed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Services Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri844048","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., Dinicola, R., and Middelburg, R., 1984, Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4048, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844048.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, R.F.","contributorId":102489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26758,"text":"wri844091 - 1984 - Review of buried crystalline rocks of eastern United States in selected hydrogeologic environments potentially suitable for isolating high-level radioactive wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T13:43:26","indexId":"wri844091","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4091","title":"Review of buried crystalline rocks of eastern United States in selected hydrogeologic environments potentially suitable for isolating high-level radioactive wastes","docAbstract":"Among the concepts suggested for the deep disposal of high-level radioactive wastes from nuclear power reactors is the excavation of a repository in suitable crystalline rocks overlain by a thick sequence of sedimentary strata in a hydrogeologic environment that would effectively impede waste transport. To determine the occurrence of such environments in the Eastern United States, a review was made of available sources of published or unpublished information, using the following hydrogeologic criteria:
All of these hydrogeologic conditions occur in two general areas: (1) parts of Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky, underlain by part of the geologic structure known as the Cincinnati arch, and (2) parts of the Atlantic Coastal Plain from Georgia to New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Louisville, KY","doi":"10.3133/wri844091","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.W., 1984, Review of buried crystalline rocks of eastern United States in selected hydrogeologic environments potentially suitable for isolating high-level radioactive wastes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4091, Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 27.38 x 28.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844091.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 27.38 x 28.96 inches","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349802,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4091/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349803,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4091/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26759,"text":"wri844173 - 1984 - Assessment of selected ground-water-quality data in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri844173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4173","title":"Assessment of selected ground-water-quality data in Montana","docAbstract":"Ground-water-quality data for Montana in the U.S. Geological Survey 's computer data file WATSTORE were evaluated for nine geohydrologic units in part of the State east of the Rocky Mountains and for two geohydrologic units in the western mountainous part of the stated region. The availability of data for inorganic, trace, and organic constituents for each grouping of units was assessed. Median dissolved-solids concentrations for the groupings of units range from about 100 to 5,000 milligrams per liter. However, the number and distribution of data sites for some groupings of units wee inadequate to be representative of the aquifer as a whole. Concentrations of most trace constituents do not exceed Federal primary drinking-water standards, although exceptions occur. Few data were available for organic constituents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844173","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.E., and Rogers, G., 1984, Assessment of selected ground-water-quality data in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4173, x, 177 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844173.","productDescription":"x, 177 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55648,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55649,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, R. E.","contributorId":77153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, G.D.","contributorId":21586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26760,"text":"wri844199 - 1984 - Example calculations of possible ground-water inflow to mine pits at the West Decker, East Decker, and proposed North Decker mines, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri844199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4199","title":"Example calculations of possible ground-water inflow to mine pits at the West Decker, East Decker, and proposed North Decker mines, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"Proposed plans to raise the spillway of the Tongue River Dam, Montana, 14 feet would result in an increase in the reservoir stage, which will affect the amount of ground-water inflow from the reservoir to existing and proposed surface coal mine pits near Tongue River Reservoir. Example calculations are based on flow from the reservoir to the mine pits through areas approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the reservoir. The planned increase in the stage of the reservoir will result in an increase of inflow to the mine pits in most areas. The increases will be greatest where the mine pits are near the reservoir and separated from the reservoir solely by aquifer zones of relatively large hydraulic conductivity. However, the inflow determined from the calculations is subject to a large degree of error, owing to the simplified method of calculation and the assumptions used. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844199","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.E., 1984, Example calculations of possible ground-water inflow to mine pits at the West Decker, East Decker, and proposed North Decker mines, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4199, iii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844199.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55650,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, R. E.","contributorId":77153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27540,"text":"wri844295 - 1984 - Steady-state computer model of the water-table aquifer in the Mullica River basin, the Pine Barrens, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri844295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4295","title":"Steady-state computer model of the water-table aquifer in the Mullica River basin, the Pine Barrens, New Jersey","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional steady-state model of the water-table aquifer of the Mullica River basin was made to evaluate the flow system and data required to simulate it. The Mullica River basin covers 570 sq mi and is drained by numerous shallow streams. The water-table aquifer consists of sand and gravel intermixed with clay and silt. The computer model is based on a finite-difference method with stream-seepage equations coupled to the groundwater equation. The model was applied to the approximately steady-state conditions of March 1979. Initial estimates of streambed hydraulic conductance and aquifer hydraulic conductivity were adjusted until model water level matched measured water level within 5 ft for 41 of 42 wells. Also, model streamflow was within 20 percent of measured streamflow at 12 of 15 sites. The 5,000-ft grid spacing should be adequate for a future predictive model. The natural flow system is adequately simulated by a two-dimensional model. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844295","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A., and Tilley, C., 1984, Steady-state computer model of the water-table aquifer in the Mullica River basin, the Pine Barrens, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4295, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844295.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4295/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56397,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4295/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b469a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilley, C.L.","contributorId":93538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26712,"text":"wri844112 - 1984 - Hydrology and land use in Van Buren County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:20:21","indexId":"wri844112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4112","title":"Hydrology and land use in Van Buren County, Michigan","docAbstract":"This report gives the results of an investigation to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of ground and surface water in Van Buren County and to relate these characteristics to the agricultural use of land. Chemical inputs to the hydrologic system, including those from precipitation, animal wastes, septic tanks, and fertilizers, are assessed. Land-use, geologic setting, and hydrologic conditions are given as a necessary framework for interpretations.
The land surface in Van Buren county in southwestern Michigan is flat to rolling, and ranges in altitude from 580 to 1,050 feet. About 30,000 acres or 7.4 percent of land is irrigated. Annual precipitation ranges from 34 to 36 inches. Two rivers--the Paw Paw and South Branch Black--drain most of the county. During this study, the maximum discharge of the Paw Paw River was 2,500 cubic feet per second; the minimum discharge was 202 cubic feet per second. The average discharge of the South Branch Black River during a 17- year period of record has been 106 cubic feet per second.
Glacial deposits are the principal source of ground-water supplies. These deposits range in thickness from 100 to 600 feet and consist of till, outwash, and materials of lacustrine and eolian origin. In places the deposits fill buried valleys that are as much as 400 feet deep. The Coldwater Shale of Mississippian age, which underlies the glacial deposits, is mostly shale and usually yields only small amounts of salty water.
Of the glacial deposits, outwash is the most productive aquifer. Most domestic wells obtain water from outwash at depths ranging from 15 to 160 feet. Irrigation wells capable of yielding 1,000 gallons per minute generally are about 200 feet deep. In places in the western part of the county, glacial deposits, which are several hundred feet thick, are mostly clay and yield little or no water.
Areal variations in the chemical and physical characteristics of ground and surface water are related to land use and chemical inputs to the hydrologic system. Information on fertilizer application, septic-tank discharges, animal wastes, and precipitation and dry fallout show that 72.7 percent of nitrogen input is from fertilizer, 21.3 percent from precipitation and dry fallout, 4.5 percent from animal wastes, and 1.5 percent from septic tanks.
Streams and lakes generally contain a calcium bicarbonate type water. The dissolved-solids concentration of streams ranged from 56 to 749 milligrams per liter, and that of lakes, from 28 to 310 milligrams per liter. Water of streams is hard but at most locations is suitable for most uses. Total nitrogen concentrations as high as 15 milligrams per liter were found at two sites. Pesticides (Simazine and Atrazine) were detected at some sites. Relationships between land use and water quality of streams indicate that the nitrate yield of land increases as the percentage of crop land, pasture, and feeding operation increases in a drainage area. Water of lakes also is suitable for most uses, although Alachlor, Atrazine, Silvex, Simazine, Treflan, or 2,4-D were detected in 26 samples.
Ground water is of a calcium bicarbonate type, although sodium, sulfate, and chloride are the predominant ions at some locations. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 112 to 878 milligrams per liter; concentrations of trace metals exceeding those common in water were detected at some locations. Nitrate concentrations in the southern eight townships were generally higher than in the northern ten townships; water from 22 percent of the wells in the southern townships exceeded the 10 milligrams per liter drinking-water standard of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. High nitrate concentrations probably are related to fertilizer applications, but equally important seems to be the quantity of irrigation water applied. Oil-field activity in the northern part of the county seems to have increased the chloride concentrations of ground water in some places.
Model simulations of the ground-water flow system matched measured conditions if hydraulic conductivities of 10 to 35 feet per day and a recharge rate of 11.8 inches per year were used. Simulations of 500 gallons per minute pumping from an unconfined aquifer indicated only 2 to 3 feet of drawdown in the vicinity of the pumping well. Similar pumping from a confined aquifer, however, produced about 10 feet of drawdown. Simulations of increased pumping for the irrigated area in the southern part of the county indicated that significant drawdown might be expected in some parts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri844112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Van Buren County, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., Twenter, F.R., and Holtschlag, D., 1984, Hydrology and land use in Van Buren County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4112, Document: xi, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 36.12 x 29.71 inches and 34.28 x 22.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844112.","productDescription":"Document: xi, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 36.12 x 29.71 inches and 34.28 x 22.08 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55585,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4112/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55587,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55586,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4112/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Van Buren County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7663,42.4196],[-85.7654,42.157],[-85.7638,42.0698],[-85.9913,42.0686],[-86.2243,42.0716],[-86.2246,42.1565],[-86.2255,42.2451],[-86.3395,42.2449],[-86.3637,42.2453],[-86.3625,42.2467],[-86.3544,42.2612],[-86.3401,42.2807],[-86.3388,42.2821],[-86.327,42.3034],[-86.3133,42.332],[-86.3039,42.3507],[-86.2877,42.3906],[-86.2814,42.4065],[-86.2745,42.4201],[-86.2248,42.4191],[-85.995,42.4193],[-85.8975,42.4185],[-85.7663,42.4196]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Van Buren\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, T. R.","contributorId":104082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26761,"text":"wri834225 - 1984 - Geochemistry and geohydrology of the West Decker and Big Sky coal-mining areas, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:45:53.691259","indexId":"wri834225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4225","title":"Geochemistry and geohydrology of the West Decker and Big Sky coal-mining areas, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"In the West Decker Mine area, water levels west of the mine at post-mining equilibrium may be almost 12 feet higher than pre-mining levels. Dissolved-solids concentration in water from coal aquifers is about 1,400 milligrams per liter and from mine spoils is about 2,500 milligrams per liter. About 13 years will be required for ground water moving at an average velocity of 2 feet per day to flow from the spoils to the Tongue River Reservoir. The increase in dissolved-solids load to the reservoir due to mining will be less than 1 percent. In the Big Sky Mine area, water levels at post-mining equilibrium will closely resemble pre-mining levels. Dissolved-solids concentration in water from coal aquifers is about 2,700 milligrams per liter and from spoils is about 3,700 milligrams per liter. About 36 to 60 years will be required for ground water moving at an average velocity of 1.2 feet per day to flow from the spoils to Rosebud Creek. The average annual increase in dissolved-solids load to the creek due to mining will be about 2 percent, although a greater increase probably will occur during summer months when flow in the creek is low.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834225","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.E., 1984, Geochemistry and geohydrology of the West Decker and Big Sky coal-mining areas, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4225, vi, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834225.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4225/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4225/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35864.htm","text":"Big Sky Mine area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465929,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35865.htm","text":"West Decker Mine area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, R. E.","contributorId":77153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}