Various methods have been proposed for the extraction of large, undisturbed soil cores and for subsequent analysis of fluid movement within the cores. The major problems associated with these methods are expense, cumbersome field extraction, and inadequate simulation of unsaturated flow conditions. A field and laboratory procedure is presented that is economical, convenient, and simulates unsaturated and saturated flow without interface flow problems and can be used on a variety of soil types. In the field, a stainless steel core barrel is hydraulically pressed into the soil (30-cm diam. and 38 cm high), the barrel and core are extracted from the soil, and after the barrel is removed from the core, the core is then wrapped securely with flexible sheet metal and a stainless mesh screen is attached to the bottom of the core for support. In the laboratory the soil core is set atop a porous ceramic plate over which a soil-diatomaceous earth slurry has been poured to assure good contact between plate and core. A cardboard cylinder (mold) is fastened around the core and the empty space filled with paraffin wax. Soil cores were tested under saturated and unsaturated conditions using a hanging water column for potentials ≤0. Breakthrough curves indicated that no interface flow occurred along the edge of the core. This procedure proved to be reliable for field extraction of large, intact soil cores and for laboratory analysis of solute transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100020017x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Hemmen, K., and Dowd, J., 1992, An improved method for field extraction and laboratory analysis of large, intact soil cores: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, no. 2, p. 259-263, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100020017x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea70e4b0c8380cd48870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemmen, K.","contributorId":57322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowd, J.F.","contributorId":47926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowd","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016693,"text":"70016693 - 1992 - Pesticide residues in ground water of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:55:34.713704","indexId":"70016693","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide residues in ground water of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-4754(92)90122-W","issn":"03784754","usgsCitation":"Jakeman, A., Hornberger, G., Littlewood, I., Whitehead, P., Harvey, J., and Bencala, K., 1992, A systematic approach to modelling the dynamic linkage of climate, physical catchment descriptors and hydrologic response components: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, v. 33, no. 5-6, p. 359-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(92)90122-W.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e9e4b0c8380cd4701c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Littlewood, I.G.","contributorId":82585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littlewood","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitehead, P.G.","contributorId":85838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016740,"text":"70016740 - 1992 - Modeling transport in transient ground-water flow: An unacknowledged approximation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:22:01","indexId":"70016740","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling transport in transient ground-water flow: An unacknowledged approximation","docAbstract":"During unsteady or transient ground-water flow, the fluid mass per unit volume of aquifer changes as the potentiometric head changes, and solute transport is affected by this change in fluid storage. Three widely applied numerical models of two-dimensional transport partially account for the effects of transient flow by removing terms corresponding to the fluid continuity equation from the transport equation, resulting in a simpler governing equation. However, fluid-storage terms remaining in the transport equation that change during transient flow are, in certain cases, held constant in time in these models. For the case of increasing heads, this approximation, which is unacknowledged in these models' documentation, leads to transport velocities that are too high, and increased concentration at fluid and solute sources. If heads are dropping in time, computed transport velocities are too low. Using parameters that somewhat exaggerate the effects of this approximation, an example numerical simulation indicates solute travel time error of about 14 percent but only minor errors due to incorrect dilution volume. For horizontal flow and transport models that assume fluid density is constant, the product of porosity and aquifer thickness changes in time: initial porosity times initial thickness plus the change in head times the storage coefficient. This formula reduces to the saturated thickness in unconfined aquifers if porosity is assumed to be constant and equal to specific yield. The computational cost of this more accurate representation is insignificant and is easily incorporated in numerical models of solute transport.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01798.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1992, Modeling transport in transient ground-water flow: An unacknowledged approximation: Ground Water, v. 30, no. 2, p. 257-261, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01798.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"261","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c58e4b0c8380cd6fc00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016758,"text":"70016758 - 1992 - A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:20:24","indexId":"70016758","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Preemergent herbicides and their metabolites, particularly atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor, persisted from 1989 to 1990 in the majority of rivers and streams in the midwestern United States. In spring, after the application of herbicides, the concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, and simazine were frequently 3-10 times greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL). The concentration of herbicides exceeded the MCLs both singly and in combination. Two major degradation products of atrazine (deisopropylatrazine and deethylatrazine) also were found in many of the streams. The order of persistence of the herbicides and their metabolites in surface water was atrazine > deethylatrazine > metolachlor > alachlor > deisopropylatrazine > cyanazine. Storm runoff collected at several sites exceeded the MCL multiple times during the summer months as a function of stream discharge, with increased concentrations during times of increased streamflow. It is proposed that metabolites of atrazine may be used as indicators of surface-water movement into adjacent alluvial aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00036a016","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., Pomes, M., and Kolpin, D.W., 1992, A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2440-2447, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00036a016.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2440","endPage":"2447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016759,"text":"70016759 - 1992 - Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:31:55","indexId":"70016759","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00029a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D., and Chlou, G., 1992, Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 965-970, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00029a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a062de4b0c8380cd5112f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chlou, G.T.","contributorId":98475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chlou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016827,"text":"70016827 - 1992 - Laboratory investigations on the role of sediment surface and ground water chemistry in transport of bacteria through a contaminated Sandy Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:39:31","indexId":"70016827","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigations on the role of sediment surface and ground water chemistry in transport of bacteria through a contaminated Sandy Aquifer","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00031a020","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Harvey, R., 1992, Laboratory investigations on the role of sediment surface and ground water chemistry in transport of bacteria through a contaminated Sandy Aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1410-1417, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1410","endPage":"1417","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a410de4b0c8380cd65275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016834,"text":"70016834 - 1992 - Enzymatic uranium precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T06:15:17","indexId":"70016834","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enzymatic uranium precipitation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00025a026","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gorby, Y., and Lovley, D.R., 1992, Enzymatic uranium precipitation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 205-207, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00025a026.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09f0e4b0c8380cd52116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorby, Y.A.","contributorId":64815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorby","given":"Y.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016835,"text":"70016835 - 1992 - Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T14:32:33.327016","indexId":"70016835","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective","docAbstract":"Hundreds of kilometres of West Tennessee streams have been channelized since the turn of the century. After a stream is straightened, dredged, or cleared, basinwide ecologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic processes bring about an integrated, characteristic recovery sequence. The rapid pace of channel responses to channelization provides an opportunity to document and interpret vegetation recovery patterns relative to otherwise long—term, concomitant evolution of river geomorphology. Nearly 150 sites along 15 streams were studied in the Obion, Forked Deer, Hatchie, and Wolf River basins. Channels of these streams, except that of the Hatchie River main stem, have undergone major modifications along all or parts of their courses. This paper presents the eco—geomorphic analyses and interpretation of a large multidisciplinary study, with special reference to their interrelated hydrogeomorphic aspects of channel recovery. Quantitative plant ecological analyses were conducted to infer relative bank stability, to identify indicator recovery species, and to determine patterns of vegetation development through the course of accelerated channel evolution. Binary—discriminant and ordination analyses show that distinctive riparian—species patterns reflect a six—stage model of channel evolution and can be used to infer channel stability and hydrogeomorphic conditions. Woody vegetation initially establishes on low— and mid—bank surfaces at the same location and time that bank accretion begins, and corresponds to the site of initial geomorphic restabilization. The linkage of channel bed aggradation, woody vegetation establishment, and bank accretion all lead to recovery of the channel. Pioneer species are hardy and fast growing, and can tolerate moderate amounts of slope instability and sediment deposition; these species include river birch (Betula nigra), black willow (Salix nigra), boxelder (Acer negundo), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum). High stem densities and root—mass development appear to enhance bank stability. Tree—ring analyses suggest that on average 65 yr may be required for recovery after channelization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940670","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., 1992, Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective: Ecology, v. 73, no. 4, p. 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940670.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1226","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad80e4b0c8380cd86ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016841,"text":"70016841 - 1992 - U-Pb dating of uranium deposits in collapse breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:03:59.727023","indexId":"70016841","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb dating of uranium deposits in collapse breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region","docAbstract":"Two major periods of uranium mineralization are indicated by U-Pb isotope dating of uranium ores from collapse breeeia pipes in the Grand Canyon region, northern Arizona. The Hack 2 and 3, Kanab North, and EZ 1 and 2 orebodies apparently formed in the interval of 200 + or - 20 Ma, similar to ages inferred for strata-bound, Late Triassic-hosted uranium deposits in southern Utah and northern Arizona. Samples from the Grand Canyon and Pine Nut pipes, however, indicate a distinctly older age of about 260 Ma. The Pigeon, Orphan, and Arizona-1 deposits were apparently mineralized before 220, 186, and 169 Ma, respectively, but no useful upper age limits can be inferred. There is no evidence in the U-Pb isotope data for uranium mineralization related to Laramide tectonism, mid-Tertiary volcanism, or late Tertiary uplift. The clustering in ages for a variety of uranium deposits at about (or slightly younger than) the age of the lower part of the Chinle Formation (Late Triassic) suggests that uranium in these deposits may have been derived by leaching from volcanic ash in the Chinle and mobilized by ground-water movement resulting from changing hydrologic gradients caused by regional uplift to the southwest. Pb isotope ratios of galenas in mineralized pipes are more radiogenic than those of sulfides from either uranium-poor pipes or occurrences away from pipes. This isotopic contrast suggests that fluids which passed through the pipes had interacted with the Proterozoic basement, possibly through the vertical fractures which influenced the location and evolution of the pipes themselves. Regardless of the source of the common Pb in the uranium-bearing pipes, the generally distinct Pb isotope composition of their galenas (compared to those of barren pipes and nonpipe sulfides in the region) may provide a useful exploration guide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.7.1747","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., and Simmons, K.R., 1992, U-Pb dating of uranium deposits in collapse breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 7, p. 1747-1765, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.7.1747.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1747","endPage":"1765","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9c7e4b08c986b327ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016843,"text":"70016843 - 1992 - Mixed-mode isolation of triazine metabolites from soil and aquifer sediments using automated solid-phase extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T06:00:45","indexId":"70016843","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-mode isolation of triazine metabolites from soil and aquifer sediments using automated solid-phase extraction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac00041a038","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E., 1992, Mixed-mode isolation of triazine metabolites from soil and aquifer sediments using automated solid-phase extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, no. 17, p. 1985-1990, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00041a038.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1985","endPage":"1990","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b81e4b0c8380cd6f5d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016844,"text":"70016844 - 1992 - Influence of soil organic matter composition on the partition of organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:33:15","indexId":"70016844","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of soil organic matter composition on the partition of organic compounds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00026a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D., Chiou, C.T., and Klle, D., 1992, Influence of soil organic matter composition on the partition of organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 336-340, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00026a014.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"336","endPage":"340","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7de4b0c8380cd62596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klle, D.E.","contributorId":68470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016849,"text":"70016849 - 1992 - Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016849","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","docAbstract":"Digital cartography allows the portrayal of spatial associations among diverse data types and is ideally suited for land use and resource analysis. We have developed methodology that uses digital cartography for the classification of wetlands and their associated peat resources and applied it to a 1:24 000 scale map area in New Hampshire. Classifying and mapping wetlands involves integrating the spatial distribution of wetlands types with depth variations in associated peat quality and character. A hierarchically structured classification that integrates the spatial distribution of variations in (1) vegetation, (2) soil type, (3) hydrology, (4) geologic aspects, and (5) peat characteristics has been developed and can be used to build digital cartographic files for resource and land use analysis. The first three parameters are the bases used by the National Wetlands Inventory to classify wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The fourth parameter, geological aspects, includes slope, relief, depth of wetland (from surface to underlying rock or substrate), wetland stratigraphy, and the type and structure of solid and unconsolidated rock surrounding and underlying the wetland. The fifth parameter, peat characteristics, includes the subsurface variation in ash, acidity, moisture, heating value (Btu), sulfur content, and other chemical properties as shown in specimens obtained from core holes. These parameters can be shown as a series of map data overlays with tables that can be integrated for resource or land use analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C., and Emery, D.A., 1992, Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 195-206.","startPage":"195","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f631e4b0c8380cd4c5ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Cornelia C.","contributorId":103002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cornelia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, David A.","contributorId":107437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016855,"text":"70016855 - 1992 - Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:55:46","indexId":"70016855","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method","docAbstract":"A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian local adjoint method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation is developed and discussed. The method is mass conservative and can solve advection-dominated ground-water solute-transport problems accurately and efficiently. An integrated finite-difference approach is used in the method. A key component of the method is that the integral representing the mass-storage term is evaluated numerically at the current time level. Integration points, and the mass associated with these points, are then forward tracked up to the next time level. The number of integration points required to reach a specified level of accuracy is problem dependent and increases as the sharpness of the simulated solute front increases. Integration points are generally equally spaced within each grid cell. For problems involving variable coefficients it has been found to be advantageous to include additional integration points at strategic locations in each well. These locations are determined by backtracking. Forward tracking of boundary fluxes by the method alleviates problems that are encountered in the backtracking approaches of most characteristic methods. A test problem is used to illustrate that the new method offers substantial advantages over other numerical methods for a wide range of problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"June 1, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Publ","publisherLocation":"Southampton, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Russell, T., 1992, Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method, in Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, v. 1, Denver, CO, June 1, 1992, p. 33-39.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9257e4b08c986b319e65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016861,"text":"70016861 - 1992 - Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:12:59","indexId":"70016861","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","docAbstract":"In order to represent hysteretic soil water retention curves accurately using as few measurements as possible, a new semiempirical model has been developed. It has two postulates related to physical characteristics of the medium, and two parameters, each with a definite physical interpretation, whose values are determined empirically for a given porous medium. One parameter represents the fraction of the pore space that is not subject to Haines jump hysteresis. Its associated postulate is that a single value of this parameter characterizes a given medium, or, equivalently, that the medium is self-similar with respect to the division between hysteretic and nonhysteretic pore space. The second parameter is the effective body-to-neck size ratio of the medium's largest pore. The second postulate specifies a particular relation between the size distributions of pore bodies and of pore necks. Tests of the model show that it provides high-quality optimized fits to measured water content vs. matric pressure wetting curves for a wide variety of media. The parameter values obtained through optimization correlate plausibly with such media properties as uniformity of particles, complexity of structure, and degree of compaction. A practical use of this model is to provide a complete simulated main wetting curve for a medium where only a main drying curve and two points on the wetting curve have been measured. With additional development, it may be possible to do without the two measured wetting points if parameters can be evaluated from other measurements or known properties of the medium.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., 1992, Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1723-1730, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1723","endPage":"1730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d0ee4b08c986b318248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016869,"text":"70016869 - 1992 - Large lake basins of the southern High Plains: Ground-water control of their origin?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:03:33.503198","indexId":"70016869","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large lake basins of the southern High Plains: Ground-water control of their origin?","docAbstract":"The origin of the ∼40-50 topographically large lake basins on the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico has been an enigma. Previous workers have considered deflation or evaporite dissolution at depth and subsequent collapse as the most probable mechanisms. However, the eolian hypotheses have been unable to provide convincing arguments as to how the wind selectively erodes the thick, deflation-resistant calcrete \"caprock\" that is persistent over much of the southern High Plains. Furthermore, recent detailed studies on some of the basins show no significant evaporite dissolution at depth, and neither mechanism offers a satisfactory explanation as to why the basins are almost universally associated with subsurface topographic highs, or why they are absent where the High Plains aquifer thickness exceeds 60 m. We address these latter concerns and modify the deflation hypothesis by proposing that the calcrete caprock may never have been deposited in the areas now occupied by the basins. The absence of calcrete deposition is proposed to have resulted from high water tables caused by an increase in hydraulic gradient where aquifers thinned above bedrock highs. A high water table close to and/or intersecting the surface prevents deposition of calcrete, and, thus, the uncemented surface would be more susceptible to deflation than the surrounding calcrete-covered areas after decline of the water table. The rise in water table associated with bedrock highs is documented by numerical simulation using boundary conditions and hydrologic parameters representative of the southern High Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0535:LLBOTS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Sanford, W., and Reeves, C., 1992, Large lake basins of the southern High Plains: Ground-water control of their origin?: Geology, v. 20, no. 6, p. 535-538, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0535:LLBOTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"538","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a447be4b0c8380cd66b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, C.C. Jr.","contributorId":26080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"C.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016886,"text":"70016886 - 1992 - Determination of selenium bioavailability to a benthic bivalve from particulate and solute pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T08:58:54","indexId":"70016886","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of selenium bioavailability to a benthic bivalve from particulate and solute pathways","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00027a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Johns, C., Fisher, N., Steinberg, N., Oremland, R., and Reinfelder, J., 1992, Determination of selenium bioavailability to a benthic bivalve from particulate and solute pathways: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00027a005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc5e4b0c8380cd4f3b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johns, C.","contributorId":18906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johns","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, N.S.","contributorId":67668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinberg, N.A.","contributorId":29573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reinfelder, J.R.","contributorId":62760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinfelder","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016910,"text":"70016910 - 1992 - Improved apparatus for measuring hydraulic conductivity at low water content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:17:16","indexId":"70016910","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved apparatus for measuring hydraulic conductivity at low water content","docAbstract":"A modification of the steady-state centrifuge method (SSCM) for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement improves the range and adjustability of this method. The modified apparatus allows mechanical adjustments to vary the measured K by a factor of 360. In addition, the use of different flow-regulating ceramic materials can give a total K range covering about six orders of magnitude. The increment of K adjustment is a factor of about 1.6. This makes it potentially useful for measuring targeted values of K or, through a trial and error procedure, of water content (θ). The range extension afforded by this modification has led to the lowest steady-state K measurement to date: 1.1 × 10−11 m/s at θ of 0.068 m3water/m3 for a sandy soil of the Delhi series (mixed, thermic Typic Xeropsamment).
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060017x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., Akstin, K., and Mello, K., 1992, Improved apparatus for measuring hydraulic conductivity at low water content: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1758-1761, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060017x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1758","endPage":"1761","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3951e4b0c8380cd618a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akstin, K.C.","contributorId":105445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mello, K.A.","contributorId":54241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016911,"text":"70016911 - 1992 - Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:27:24","indexId":"70016911","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction","docAbstract":"Enzymatic uranium reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans readily removed uranium from solution in a batch system or when D. desulfuricans was separated from the bulk of the uranium-containing water by a semipermeable membrane. Uranium reduction continued at concentrations as high as 24 mM. Of a variety of potentially inhibiting anions and metals evaluated, only high concentrations of copper inhibited uranium reduction. Freeze-dried cells, stored aerobically, reduced uranium as fast as fresh cells. D. desulfuricans reduced uranium in pH 4 and pH 7.4 mine drainage waters and in uraniumcontaining groundwaters from a contaminated Department of Energy site. Enzymatic uranium reduction has several potential advantages over other bioprocessing techniques for uranium removal, the most important of which are as follows: the ability to precipitate uranium that is in the form of a uranyl carbonate complex; high capacity for uranium removal per cell; the formation of a compact, relatively pure, uranium precipitate.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00035a023","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2228-2234, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2228","endPage":"2234","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f194e4b0c8380cd4ad04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016917,"text":"70016917 - 1992 - Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial-aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T06:26:14","indexId":"70016917","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial-aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00032a010","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Jagucki, M., 1992, Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial-aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 8, p. 1556-1559, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00032a010.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1556","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecce4b0c8380cd49f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jagucki, M.L.","contributorId":57892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016927,"text":"70016927 - 1992 - D4Z: A new renumbering for iterative solution of ground-water flow and solute-transport equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:55:03","indexId":"70016927","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"D4Z: A new renumbering for iterative solution of ground-water flow and solute-transport equations","docAbstract":"D4 zig-zag (D4Z) is a new renumbering scheme for producing a reduced matrix to be solved by an incomplete LU preconditioned, restarted conjugate-gradient iterative solver. By renumbering alternate diagonals in a zig-zag fashion, a very low sensitivity of convergence rate to renumbering direction is obtained. For two demonstration problems involving groundwater flow and solute transport, iteration counts are related to condition numbers and spectra of the reduced matrices.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"June 1, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Publ","publisherLocation":"Southampton, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Kipp, K., Russell, T., and Otto, J., 1992, D4Z: A new renumbering for iterative solution of ground-water flow and solute-transport equations, in Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, v. 1, Denver, CO, June 1, 1992, p. 495-502.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"502","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd30e4b0c8380cd4e6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otto, J.S.","contributorId":94797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016968,"text":"70016968 - 1992 - Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:23:34","indexId":"70016968","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"A combined field and laboratory study was conducted to compare purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT‐GC/MS) and purgeable organic chloride (POC1) analysis for measuring volatile chlorinated hydro‐carbons (VCH) in ground water. Distilled‐water spike and recovery experiments using 10 VCH indicate that at concentrations greater than 1 /ig/1 recovery is more than 80 percent for both methods with relative standard deviations of about 10 percent. Ground‐water samples were collected from a site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where a shallow unconfined aquifer has been contaminated by VCH, and were analyzed by both methods. Results for PT‐GC/MS and POC1 analysis of the ground‐water samples were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, paired t‐test analysis) and indicated little bias between the two methods. Similar conclusions about concentrations and distributions of VCH in the ground‐water contamination plume were drawn from the two data sets. However, only PT‐GC/MS analysis identified the individual compounds present and determined their concentrations, which was necessary for toxicological and biogeochemical evaluation of the contaminated ground water. POC1 analysis was a complimentary method for use with PT‐GC/MS analysis for identifying samples with VCH concentrations below the detection limit or with high VCH concentrations that require dilution. Use of POC1 as a complimentary monitoring method for PT‐GC/MS can result in more efficient use of analytical resources.
Methyl fluoride (MF) and dimethyl ether (DME) were effective inhibitors of aerobic methanotrophy in a variety of soils. MF and DME blocked consumption of CH4 as well as the oxidation of 14CH4 to 14CO2, but neither MF nor DME affected the oxidation of [14C]methanol or [14C]formate to 14CO2. Cooxidation of ethane and propane by methane-oxidizing soils was also inhibited by MF. Nitrification (ammonia oxidation) in soils was inhibited by both MF and DME. Production of N2O via nitrification was inhibited by MF; however, MF did not affect N2O production associated with denitrification. Methanogenesis was partially inhibited by MF but not by DME. Methane oxidation was ∼100-fold more sensitive to MF than was methanogenesis, indicating that an optimum concentration could be employed to selectively block methanotrophy. MF inhibited methane oxidation by cell suspensions of Methylococcus capsulatus; however, DME was a much less effective inhibitor.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.9.2983-2992.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., and Culbertson, C.W., 1992, Evaluation of methyl fluoride and dimethyl ether as inhibitors of aerobic methane oxidation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 9, p. 2983-2992, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.9.2983-2992.1992.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2983","endPage":"2992","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.9.2983-2992.1992","text":"Publisher Index 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cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016999,"text":"70016999 - 1992 - Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T15:00:55","indexId":"70016999","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","docAbstract":"Hydrous iron and aluminum oxides are deposited on the streambed in the confluence of the Snake River and Deer Creek, two streams in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The Snake River is acidic and has high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Al. These metals precipitate at the confluence with the pristine, neutral pH, Deer Creek because of the greater pH (4.5-6.0) in the confluence. The composition of the deposited oxides changes consistently with distance downstream, with the most upstream oxide samples having the greatest Fe and organic carbon content. Fulvic acid accounts for most of the organic content of the oxides. Results indicate that streambed oxides in the confluence are not saturated with respect to their capacity to sorb dissolved humic substances from streamwater. The contents of several trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co) also decrease with distance downstream and are correlated with both the Fe and organic carbon contents. Strong metal-binding sites associated with the sorbed fulvic acid are more than sufficient to account for the trace metal content of the oxides. Complexation of trace metals by sorbed fulvic acid may explain the observed downstream decrease in trace metal content.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R., Bencala, K., Zellweger, G.W., and Feder, G.L., 1992, Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream: Science of Total Environment, v. 117-118, p. 485-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7"},{"id":224477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117-118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017002,"text":"70017002 - 1992 - Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:28:32.89559","indexId":"70017002","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., and Modica, E., 1992, Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bae4b0c8380cd77ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modica, Edward","contributorId":59431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}