Turbulent flow within and above an almond orchard was measured with three-dimensional wind sensors and fine-wire thermocouple sensors arranged in a horizontal array. The data showed organized turbulent structures as indicated by coherent asymmetric ramp patterns in the time series traces across the sensor array. Space-time correlation analysis indicated that velocity and temperature fluctuations were significantly correlated over a transverse distance more than 4m. Integral length scales of velocity and temperature fluctuations were substantially greater in unstable conditions than those in stable conditions. The coherence spectral analysis indicated that Davenport's geometric similarity hypothesis was satisfied in the lower frequency region. From the geometric similarity hypothesis, the spatial extents of large ramp structures were also estimated with the coherence functions.
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Advances in theory provide the analytical tools required to understand the properties of measured seismic waves, and to relate those properties to such quantities as shear and compressional velocity and attenuation, and primary and fracture porosity and permeability of potential reservoir rocks. The theory demonstrates that all parts of recorded waveforms are related to various modes of propagation, even in the case of dipole and quadrupole source logging. However, the theory also indicates that these mode properties can be used to design velocity and attenuation picking schemes, and shows how source frequency spectra can be selected to optimize results in specific applications. Synthetic microseismogram computations are an effective tool in waveform interpretation theory; they demonstrate how shear arrival picks and mode attenuation can be used to compute shear velocity and intrinsic attenuation, and formation permeability for monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., Cheng, C., and Pennington, W., 1992, Acoustic waveform logging: Advances in theory and application: Log Analyst, v. 33, no. 3, p. 239-258.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75185"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennington, W.D.","contributorId":189995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185471,"text":"70185471 - 1992 - Response to comment on \"Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T08:47:08","indexId":"70185471","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer\"","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00026a026","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Garabedian, S.P., 1992, Response to comment on \"Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 401-402, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00026a026.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"401","endPage":"402","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185463,"text":"70185463 - 1992 - Reply to comment on \"The surface area of soil organic matter\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:20:29","indexId":"70185463","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment on \"The surface area of soil organic matter\"","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00026a028","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Lee, J., and Boyd, S.A., 1992, Reply to comment on \"The surface area of soil organic matter\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 404-406, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00026a028.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"404","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Jiunn Fwu","contributorId":189670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Jiunn Fwu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Stephen A.","contributorId":189671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207068,"text":"70207068 - 1992 - Groundwater use: Equilibrium between social benefits and potential environmental costs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T08:53:59","indexId":"70207068","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-31T09:31:14","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater use: Equilibrium between social benefits and potential environmental costs","docAbstract":"In many countries groundwater resources are under-appreciated and, therefore, underutilizied; whereas, in some areas they are inappropriately exploited and, therefore, over-utilized. “Over utilization” can lead to depletion in quantity or a degradation in quality or both. Obstacles to effective management include: (1) lack of knowledge of basic principles of groundwater science among water planners, (2) in many, if not in most countries, ownership of groundwater is in the private domain with the result that codependence is unrecognized, and (3) a misunderstanding by water planners of the concepts of “overexploitation%rdquo; and conjunctive use. The economic, social, and hydrologic constraints and procedures for management for sustainable development of groundwater are significantly different from those for surface water because these differences result from such things as (1) groundwater development is not dependent on large scale collective projects (unlike the utilization of surface water that requires engineering structures for diverting, regulating and transporting water), (2) the activities of many different groups can affect the quality of water, and (3) users of groundwater often are not aware of their co-dependence on the groundwater heritage in which each participates. Hydrogeologists should try to identify those governmental policies that have a detrimental environmental effect, promote those policies that are beneficial, and demonstrate the need for a policy in matters where a policy is lacking.
","language":"English ","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/PL00010965","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Llamas, M., Back, W., and Margat, J., 1992, Groundwater use: Equilibrium between social benefits and potential environmental costs: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 1, no. 2, p. 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010965.","productDescription":"12 p. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Interactive process in soil science","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"London","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Widdowson, M., 1992, Microbial distributions, activities, and movement in the terrestial subsurface: Experimental and theoretical studies, chap. of Interactive process in soil science, p. 185-225.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112017e4b034bf6a81b76e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wagenet, R. J.","contributorId":55584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagenet","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746727,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bavcye, P.","contributorId":208307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bavcye","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746728,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, B.A.","contributorId":207054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[{"id":37441,"text":"Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, 6370 Martin Way E., Olympia, WA 98670","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746729,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199812,"text":"70199812 - 1992 - Hierarchical analytical approach to evaluating the transport and biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T08:14:03","indexId":"70199812","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T08:12:15","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hierarchical analytical approach to evaluating the transport and biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater contamination and analysis at hazardous waste sites","language":"English","publisher":"Marcel Dekker","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., 1992, Hierarchical analytical approach to evaluating the transport and biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, chap. of Groundwater contamination and analysis at hazardous waste sites, p. 73-120.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112017e4b034bf6a81b774","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lesage, S.","contributorId":208306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746721,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, R.","contributorId":11974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746722,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243348,"text":"70243348 - 1992 - Development of isotopically heterogeneous infiltration waters in an artificial catchment in Chuzhou, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T13:23:17.221043","indexId":"70243348","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T07:59:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of isotopically heterogeneous infiltration waters in an artificial catchment in Chuzhou, China","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development 1991","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development 1991","conferenceDate":"March 11-15, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Gu, W., 1992, Development of isotopically heterogeneous infiltration waters in an artificial catchment in Chuzhou, China, in Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development 1991, v. W-08, Vienna, Austria, March 11-15, 1991, p. 61-73.","productDescription":"IAEA-SM-319/7, 13 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/IHS_resources_publication_symposia1.html"}],"country":"China","state":"Anhui Province","city":"Chuzhou","otherGeospatial":"Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 117.91247861715686,\n 32.467988284916814\n ],\n [\n 117.91247861715686,\n 31.962096419166357\n ],\n [\n 118.8683205606169,\n 31.962096419166357\n ],\n [\n 118.8683205606169,\n 32.467988284916814\n ],\n [\n 117.91247861715686,\n 32.467988284916814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"W-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gu, Weizu","contributorId":22633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Weizu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199811,"text":"70199811 - 1992 - Analytical applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T07:59:59","indexId":"70199811","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T07:57:22","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analytical applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Bitton, G., and Harvey, R., 1992, Transport of pathogens through soils and aquifers, chap. of Environmental microbiology, p. 103-124.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112018e4b034bf6a81b779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bitton, G.","contributorId":208304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bitton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185761,"text":"70185761 - 1992 - Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T08:20:40","indexId":"70185761","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Associations of free-living bacteria (FLB) and dissolved organic contaminants in a 4-km-long plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater were investigated. Abundance of FLB in the core of the plume (as delineated by maximum specific conductance) steadily decreased in the direction of flow from a point 0.25 km downgradient from the source to the toe of the plume. At 0.25 km downgradient, FLB comprised up to 31% of the total bacterial population, but constituted <7% of the population at 2 km downgradient. Abundance of FLB correlated strongly (r = 0.80, n = 23) with total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in contaminated groundwater between 0.64 and 2.1 km downgradient, although distributions of individual contaminants such as di-, tri- and tetrachloroethene were highly variable, and their association with FLB less clear. Numbers of FLB in the downgradient portion of the plume which is contaminated with branched-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) surfactants were low (<5 · 108/L) in spite of relatively high levels of DOC (up to 4 mg/L). However, abundance of FLB correlated strongly with non-surfactant DOC along vertical transects through the plume. The ratio of FLB to DOC and the ratio of FLB to attached bacteria generally decreased in the direction of flow and, consequently, with the age of the organic contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(92)90052-G","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Barber, L.B., 1992, Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 91-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90052-G.","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. II","contributorId":189675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175231,"text":"70175231 - 1992 - Bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons derived from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:38:08","indexId":"70175231","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons derived from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay estuary","docAbstract":"An assessment was made in Suisun Bay, California, of the distributions of hydrocarbons in estuarine bed and suspended sediments and in the recently introduced asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis. Sediments and clams were contaminated with hydrocarbons derived from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Distributions of alkanes and of hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments and clams were similar, indicating that petroleum hydrocarbons associated with sediments are bioavailable to Potamocorbula amurensis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments and clams were derived mainly from combustion sources. Potamocorbula amurensis is therefore a useful bioindicator of hydrocarbon contamination, and may be used as a biomonitor of hydrocarbon pollution in San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(92)90738-R","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Hostettler, F.D., and Rapp, J., 1992, Bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons derived from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay estuary: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(92)90738-R.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13706970214844,\n 37.40725549559874\n ],\n [\n -121.91322326660156,\n 37.40725549559874\n ],\n [\n -121.91322326660156,\n 37.52225246712464\n ],\n [\n -122.13706970214844,\n 37.52225246712464\n ],\n [\n -122.13706970214844,\n 37.40725549559874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42de4b006cb45552bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rapp, John B.","contributorId":32028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185784,"text":"70185784 - 1992 - Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries--Distribution, transport and fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:30:50","indexId":"70185784","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries--Distribution, transport and fate","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River and its major tributaries transport herbicides and their degradation products from agricultural areas in the mid-western U.S.A. These compounds include atrazine and its degradation products (desethyl- and desisopropylatrazine), simazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and alachlor and its degradation products (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethylacetanilide 2-hydroxy-2′,6′-diethylacetanilide and 2,6-diethylaniline). These compounds were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Loads of these compounds were determined during five sampling trips in 1987–1989. Stream loads of these compounds indicated that atrazine and metolachlor were relatively conservative in downstream transport. Alachlor and its degradation products were generated from point and non-point sources. Seasonal variations and hydrologic conditions controlled the loads of these compounds in the Mississippi River. Cross-channel mixing was slow downstream from major river confluences, possibly requiring several hundred kilometers of downriver transit for completion. The annual transport of these compounds into the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to be < 2% of the annual application of each herbicide in the Midwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(92)90057-L","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., and Leiker, T., 1992, Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries--Distribution, transport and fate: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90057-L.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185467,"text":"70185467 - 1992 - Identification of persistent anionic surfactant-derived chemicals in sewage effluent and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:54:11","indexId":"70185467","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of persistent anionic surfactant-derived chemicals in sewage effluent and groundwater","docAbstract":"Preparative isolation and fractionation procedures coupled with spectrometric analyses were used to identify surfactant-derived contaminants in sewage effluent and sewage-contaminated groundwater from a site located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Anionic surfactants and their biodegradation intermediates were isolated from field samples by ion exchange and fractionated by solvent extraction and adsorption chromatography. Fractions were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Carboxylated residues of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants were detected in sewage effluent and contaminated groundwater. Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) were identified in sewage effluent and groundwater. Groundwater LAS composition suggested preferential removal of select isomers and homologs due to processes of biodegradation and partitioning. Tetralin and indane sulfonates (DATS), alicyclic analogs of LAS, were also identified in field samples. Although DATS are a minor portion of LAS formulations, equivalent concentrations of LAS and DATS in groundwater suggested persistence of alicyclic contaminant structures over those of linear structure. Sulfophenyl-carboxylated (SPC) LAS biodegradation intermediates were determined in sewage effluent and groundwater. Homolog distributions suggested that SPC containing 3–10 alkyl-chain carbons persist during infiltration and groundwater transport. Surfactant-derived residues detected in well F300-50 groundwater have a minimum residence time in the range of 2.7–4.6 yr. LAS detected in groundwater at 500 m from infiltration has been stable over an estimated 50–500 half lives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(92)90050-O","usgsCitation":"Field, J.A., Leenheer, J.A., Thorn, K.A., Barber, L.B., Rostad, C., Macalady, D.L., and Daniel, S.R., 1992, Identification of persistent anionic surfactant-derived chemicals in sewage effluent and groundwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 55-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90050-O.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"55","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Jennifer A.","contributorId":18632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. II","contributorId":189675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen ","contributorId":189676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Daniel, Stephen R.","contributorId":189677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70185793,"text":"70185793 - 1992 - Nitrate is a preferred electron acceptor for growth of freshwater selenate-respiring bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:43:50.037905","indexId":"70185793","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate is a preferred electron acceptor for growth of freshwater selenate-respiring bacteria","docAbstract":"An anaerobic, freshwater enrichment grew with either nitrate or selenate as an electron acceptor. With both ions present, nitrate reduction preceded selenate reduction. An isolate from the enrichment grew on either ion, but the presence of nitrate precluded the reduction of selenate. Stock cultures of denitrifiers grew anaerobically on nitrate but not on selenate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.1.426-428.1992","usgsCitation":"Steinberg, N.A., Blum, J.S., Hochstein, L., and Oremland, R.S., 1992, Nitrate is a preferred electron acceptor for growth of freshwater selenate-respiring bacteria: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 1, p. 426-428, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.1.426-428.1992.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479648,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.1.426-428.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinberg, Nisan A.","contributorId":189726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinberg","given":"Nisan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Jodi Switzer","contributorId":96946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"Switzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hochstein, Lawrence","contributorId":190004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hochstein","given":"Lawrence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185792,"text":"70185792 - 1992 - Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:29:49","indexId":"70185792","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1824,"text":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use","docAbstract":"Standard tensiometers are used to measure matric potential as low as −870 cm of water in the unsaturated zone by creating a saturated hydraulic link between the soil water and a pressure sensor. The direction and, in some cases, quantity of water flux can be determined using multiple installations.
A variety of commercial and fabricated tensiometers are commonly used. Saturated porous ceramic materials, which form an interface between the soil water and the bulk water inside the instrument, are available in many shapes, sizes, and pore diameters. A gage, manometer, or electronic pressure transducer is connected to the porous material with small- or large-diameter tubing. Selection of these components allows the user to optimize one or more characteristics, such as accuracy, versatility, response time, durability, maintenance, extent of data collection, and cost.
Special designs have extended the normal capabilities of tensiometers, allowing measurement in cold or remote areas, measurement of matric potential as low as −153 m of water (−15 bars), measurement at depths as deep as 6 m (recorded at land surface), and automatic measurement using as many as 22 tensiometers connected to a single pressure transducer.
Continuous hydraulic connection between the porous material and soil, and minimal disturbance of the natural infiltration pattern are necessary for successful installation. Avoidance of errors caused by air invasion, nonequilibrium of the instrument, or pressure-sensor inaccuracy will produce reliable values of matric potential, a first step in characterizing unsaturated flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials International","doi":"10.1520/GTJ10224J","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D., 1992, Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 15, no. 1, p. 48-58, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10224J.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016999,"text":"70016999 - 1992 - Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T15:00:55","indexId":"70016999","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","docAbstract":"Hydrous iron and aluminum oxides are deposited on the streambed in the confluence of the Snake River and Deer Creek, two streams in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The Snake River is acidic and has high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Al. These metals precipitate at the confluence with the pristine, neutral pH, Deer Creek because of the greater pH (4.5-6.0) in the confluence. The composition of the deposited oxides changes consistently with distance downstream, with the most upstream oxide samples having the greatest Fe and organic carbon content. Fulvic acid accounts for most of the organic content of the oxides. Results indicate that streambed oxides in the confluence are not saturated with respect to their capacity to sorb dissolved humic substances from streamwater. The contents of several trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co) also decrease with distance downstream and are correlated with both the Fe and organic carbon contents. Strong metal-binding sites associated with the sorbed fulvic acid are more than sufficient to account for the trace metal content of the oxides. Complexation of trace metals by sorbed fulvic acid may explain the observed downstream decrease in trace metal content.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R., Bencala, K., Zellweger, G.W., and Feder, G.L., 1992, Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream: Science of Total Environment, v. 117-118, p. 485-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7"},{"id":224477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117-118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017002,"text":"70017002 - 1992 - Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:28:32.89559","indexId":"70017002","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., and Modica, E., 1992, Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bae4b0c8380cd77ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modica, Edward","contributorId":59431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017036,"text":"70017036 - 1992 - Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:42:32","indexId":"70017036","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins","docAbstract":"A method has been developed for the isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from aquatic environments using Amberlite∗ XAD-4 resin. The method uses a two column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins in series. The hydrophobic organic acids, composed primarily of aquatic fulvic acid, are removed from the sample on XAD-8, followed by the isolation of the more hydrophilic organic acids on XAD-4. For samples from a number of diverse environments, more of the dissolved organic carbon was isolated on the XAD-8 resin (23–58%) than on the XAD-4 resin (7–25%). For these samples, the hydrophilic acids have lower carbon and hydrogen contents, higher oxygen and nitrogen contents, and are lower in molecular weight than the corresponding fulvic acids. 13C NMR analyses indicate that the hydrophilic acids have a lower concentration of aromatic carbon and greater heteroaliphatic, ketone and carboxyl content than the fulvic acid.