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,{"id":70231046,"text":"70231046 - 1984 - Map revision using digital image processing techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-29T15:24:48.137361","indexId":"70231046","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T10:22:16","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Map revision using digital image processing techniques","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., and Welch, R., 1984, Map revision using digital image processing techniques, <i>in</i> Technical papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, p. 753-756.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"756","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, R.","contributorId":6996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70234365,"text":"70234365 - 1984 - Geographic variation in ground shaking as a function of changes in near-surface properties and geologic structure near Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:03:24.519771","indexId":"70234365","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T09:51:03","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geographic variation in ground shaking as a function of changes in near-surface properties and geologic structure near Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the eighth world conference on earthquake engineering; ground motion and seismicity. San Francisco, CA, United States, July 21-28, 1984","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A.M., Tinsley, L.C., and Borcherdt, R.D., 1984, Geographic variation in ground shaking as a function of changes in near-surface properties and geologic structure near Los Angeles, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the eighth world conference on earthquake engineering; ground motion and seismicity. San Francisco, CA, United States, July 21-28, 1984, v. 8, no. 2, p. 737-744.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"744","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/eighth_conf_California/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.66333007812499,\n              33.6420625047537\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              33.6420625047537\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              34.288991865037524\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.66333007812499,\n              34.288991865037524\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.66333007812499,\n              33.6420625047537\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, A. M.","contributorId":116226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, Ladislaus C.","contributorId":294707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinsley","given":"Ladislaus","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208843,"text":"70208843 - 1984 - Miocene diatomaceous beds of the Calvert Formation at Popes Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T09:43:32","indexId":"70208843","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T09:35:47","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Miocene diatomaceous beds of the Calvert Formation at Popes Creek","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous and tertiary stratigraphy, paleontology, and structure, Southwestern Maryland and Northeastern Virginia : field trip volume and guidebook, October 17, 1984","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G., 1984, Miocene diatomaceous beds of the Calvert Formation at Popes Creek, chap. <i>of</i> Cretaceous and tertiary stratigraphy, paleontology, and structure, Southwestern Maryland and Northeastern Virginia : field trip volume and guidebook, October 17, 1984, p. 175-180.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.10205078124999,\n              37.9051994823157\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2945556640625,\n              37.9051994823157\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2945556640625,\n              38.49229419236133\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10205078124999,\n              38.49229419236133\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10205078124999,\n              37.9051994823157\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George W.","contributorId":40621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70217593,"text":"70217593 - 1984 - Geologic and rheologic characteristics of the May 18, 1980 southwest flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T14:47:07.982699","indexId":"70217593","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T08:44:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Geologic and rheologic characteristics of the May 18, 1980 southwest flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania State University","usgsCitation":"Major, J., 1984, Geologic and rheologic characteristics of the May 18, 1980 southwest flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 225 p.","productDescription":"225 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14736938476561,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14736938476561,\n              46.21119992863992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.21119992863992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209285,"text":"70209285 - 1984 - Truncation of the Appalachian Piedmont beneath the Coastal Plain of Alabama: Evidence from new magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T08:47:13","indexId":"70209285","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T08:38:24","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Truncation of the Appalachian Piedmont beneath the Coastal Plain of Alabama: Evidence from new magnetic data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new aeromagnetic survey of a part of southern Alabama reveals that magnetic signatures of the Appalachian Piedmont are truncated by a major magnetic lineament beneath the Gulf Coastal Plain. Mylonitic rocks have been recovered from a drillhole along this lineament, which is probably a fault zone of late Paleozoic and/or Triassic-Jurassic age. We suggest that this fault zone may initially have been the Alleghanian convergent suture between the North American craton and accreted terranes to the southeast. The zone may have been locally reactivated as part of an extensive buried Triassic-Jurassic graben system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<51:TOTAPB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Zietz, I., and Neathery, T.L., 1984, Truncation of the Appalachian Piedmont beneath the Coastal Plain of Alabama: Evidence from new magnetic data: Geology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 51-55, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<51:TOTAPB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.869140625,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              27.800209937418252\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.80419921875,\n              26.686729520004036\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              27.586197857692664\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42041015625,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88232421875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              36.65079252503471\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zietz, Isadore","contributorId":82223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isadore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neathery, Thorton L.","contributorId":58189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neathery","given":"Thorton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197851,"text":"70197851 - 1984 - Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T15:53:13.291712","indexId":"70197851","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement","docAbstract":"<p>In order to refine correlations of surface-wave magnitude, fault rupture length at the ground surface, and fault displacement at the surface by including the uncertainties in these variables, the existing data were critically reviewed and a new data base was compiled. Earthquake magnitudes were redetermined as necessary to make them as consistent as possible with the Gutenberg methods and results, which make up much of the data base. Measurement errors were estimated for the three variables for 58 moderate to large shallow-focus earthquakes. Regression analyses were then made utilizing the estimated measurement errors.</p><p>The regression analysis demonstrates that the relations among the variables magnitude, length, and displacement are stochastic in nature. The stochastic variance, introduced in part by incomplete surface expression of seismogenic faulting, variation in shear modulus, and regional factors, dominates the estimated measurement errors. Thus, it is appropriate to use ordinary least squares for the regression models, rather than regression models based upon an underlying deterministic relation in which the variance results primarily from measurement errors.</p><p>Significant differences exist in correlations of certain combinations of length, displacement, and magnitude when events are grouped by fault type or by region, including attenuation regions delineated by Evernden and others.</p><p>Estimates of the magnitude and the standard deviation of the magnitude of a prehistoric or future earthquake associated with a fault can be made by correlating&nbsp;<i>M<sub>s</sub></i>&nbsp;with the logarithms of rupture length, fault displacement, or the product of length and displacement.</p><p>Fault rupture area could be reliably estimated for about 20 of the events in the data set. Regression of&nbsp;<i>M<sub>s</sub></i>&nbsp;on rupture area did not result in a marked improvement over regressions that did not involve rupture area. Because no subduction-zone earthquakes are included in this study, the reported results do not apply to such zones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0740062379","usgsCitation":"Bonilla, M.G., Mark, R., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 1984, Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 74, no. 6, p. 2379-2411, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0740062379.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"2379","endPage":"2411","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/74/6/2379/118679/Statistical-relations-among-earthquake-magnitude"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonilla, Manuel G.","contributorId":74384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":738761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197833,"text":"70197833 - 1984 - Implications of paleomagnetism for the tectonic history of the Eastern Klamath and related terranes in California and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T10:45:52","indexId":"70197833","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Implications of paleomagnetism for the tectonic history of the Eastern Klamath and related terranes in California and Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E., Irwin, W., and Grommé, C., 1984, Implications of paleomagnetism for the tectonic history of the Eastern Klamath and related terranes in California and Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California, v. 42, p. 187-199.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grommé, C. S.","contributorId":38558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grommé","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197832,"text":"70197832 - 1984 - Preaccretion and postaccretion plutonic belts in allochtonous terrane of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T10:28:47","indexId":"70197832","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5694,"text":"Stanford University Publications in Geological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preaccretion and postaccretion plutonic belts in allochtonous terrane of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 1984, Preaccretion and postaccretion plutonic belts in allochtonous terrane of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon: Stanford University Publications in Geological Science, v. 18, p. 119-121.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197672,"text":"70197672 - 1984 - Tectonstratigraphic terranes in southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-15T15:36:36","indexId":"70197672","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Tectonstratigraphic terranes in southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section","usgsCitation":"Blake, M.C., 1984, Tectonstratigraphic terranes in southwestern Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California, p. 159-165.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193881,"text":"70193881 - 1984 - Bioavailability of Pb and Zn from mine tailings as indicated by erythrocyte aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity in suckers (Pisces: catostomidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T11:29:49","indexId":"70193881","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of Pb and Zn from mine tailings as indicated by erythrocyte aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity in suckers (Pisces: catostomidae)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The activity of the erythrocyte enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) was measured in 35 catostomids (black redhorse,&nbsp;</span><i>Moxostoma duquesnei</i><span>; golden redhorse,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>erythrurum</i><span>; northern hogsucker,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Hypentelium nigricans</i><span>) collected from three sites on a stream contaminated with Pb-, Cd-, and Zn-rich mine tailings and from an uncontaminated site upstream. Enzyme activity was expressed in terms of hemoglobin (Hb), DNA, and protein concentrations; these variables can be determined in the laboratory on once-frozen blood samples. Concentrations of Pb and Zn in blood and of Pb in edible tissues were significantly higher, and ALA-D activity was significantly lower, at all three contaminated sites than upstream. At the most contaminated site, ALA-D activity was 62–67% lower than upstream. Lead concentrations in the edible tissues and in blood were positively correlated (</span><i>r</i><span> = 0.80), whereas ALA-D activity was negatively correlated with Pb in blood (</span><i>r</i><span> = −0.70) and in edible tissues (</span><i>r</i><span> = −0.59). Five statistically significant relations between Pb and Zn in blood and ALA-D activity were determined. The two models that explained the highest percentage (&gt; 74%) of the total variance also included factors related to Hb concentration. All five significant models included negative coefficients for variables that represented Pb in blood and positive coefficients for Zn in blood. The ALA-D assay with results standardized to Hb concentration represents an expedient alternative to the more traditional hematocrit standardization, and the measurement of ALA-D activity by this method can be used to document exposure of fish to environmental Pb.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f84-120","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Dwyer, F.J., and Finger, S.E., 1984, Bioavailability of Pb and Zn from mine tailings as indicated by erythrocyte aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity in suckers (Pisces: catostomidae): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 41, no. 7, p. 1030-1040, https://doi.org/10.1139/f84-120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1040","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.109619140625,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.109619140625,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.109619140625,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6140a6e4b06e28e9c25f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F. James","contributorId":176136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198205,"text":"70198205 - 1984 - Canyon-filling lavas and lava dams on the Boise River, Idaho, and their significance for evaluating downcutting during the last 2 million years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-20T09:54:13","indexId":"70198205","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Canyon-filling lavas and lava dams on the Boise River, Idaho, and their significance for evaluating downcutting during the last 2 million years","docAbstract":"<p>Basalts that periodically dammed the Boise River and its South Fork over the last 2 million years reveal the canyon history and illustrate how lava interacted with impounded river water. Intracanyon basalt flows record a granite canyon successively filled by lava and then recut at least five times in the last 2 million years. The most voluminous flow, Steamboat Rock Basalt, reached 60 kilometers downstream and spread out on the Snake River Plain just east of Boise. Lavas that reached the river were erupted from vents bordering the main canyon and adjacent tributaries. The river canyon was periodically flooded by basalt from these eruptions, reentrenched to a new lower level, then flooded again. This succession resulted in terraces of older flows high above the river and of younger flows lower on the canyon walls. The canyon-filling flows dammed the river and created deltas of pillow basalt and hyaloclastite overlain by massive subaerial basalt. Foreset beds in the hyaloclastite deposits and inclined pillows indicate flow into reservoirs behind the lava dams. A well-documented example of a lava dam is the one formed by the Smith Prairie Basalt, which is about 0.2 million years old. Potassium-argon ages calibrate a canyon history in which the river was lowered at a rate between 0.005 and 0.01 centimeter a year over the last 2 million years. The lava dams interrupted this lowering but were each rapidly incised in about a quarter of a million years at rates averaging 0.03 to 0.07 centimeter a year. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cenozoic geology of Idaho","language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology","publisherLocation":"Moscow, ID","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Shervais, J.W., and McKee, E., 1984, Canyon-filling lavas and lava dams on the Boise River, Idaho, and their significance for evaluating downcutting during the last 2 million years, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.idahogeology.org/product/b-26"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.202880859375,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.202880859375,\n              44.28453670601888\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              44.28453670601888\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonnichsen, Bill","contributorId":94358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnichsen","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breckenridge, R.M.","contributorId":206461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breckenridge","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740567,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shervais, John W.","contributorId":57753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shervais","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157386,"text":"70157386 - 1984 - Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the first year of the seventh extension of the USGS-MPMR work agreement : fiscal year 1403/04, 1 Rajab 1403 - 30 Jumad Thani 1404 (14 April 1983 - 1 April 1984)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T12:34:10","indexId":"70157386","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-28T19:45:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"USGS-TR-04-20","title":"Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the first year of the seventh extension of the USGS-MPMR work agreement : fiscal year 1403/04, 1 Rajab 1403 - 30 Jumad Thani 1404 (14 April 1983 - 1 April 1984)","docAbstract":"<p>An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work on which this report was based was performed in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, and Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 1984, Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the first year of the seventh extension of the USGS-MPMR work agreement : fiscal year 1403/04, 1 Rajab 1403 - 30 Jumad Thani 1404 (14 April 1983 - 1 April 1984), v, 50 p.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb0e4b03bc34f5447ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":572944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":572945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207376,"text":"70207376 - 1984 - Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite: A metasomatic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T15:04:42.86726","indexId":"70207376","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-18T13:01:15","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite: A metasomatic model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two voluminous magma types generated in the mantle underlying the Pacific plate are mid‐ocean ridge tholeiite (MORB) erupted at the East Pacific Rise spreading center and Hawaiian tholeiite (HT) erupted above the Hawaiian hot spot or melting anomaly. MORB has low initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr ratios and low amounts of all incompatible trace elements including rare earths; chondrite‐normalized patterns are depleted in light rare earths. HT, by contrast, has higher initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr and higher amounts of incompatible trace elements; chondrite‐nor‐malized patterns are enriched in the middle and light rare earths. HT is generally poorer in CaO and Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and much richer in total iron and TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;compared with MORB having the same MgO content. Primary magma compositions for the two volcanic systems are calculated in Fe‐Mg equilibrium with residual olivine (Fo</span><sub>92</sub><span>). MORB is generated by partial melting of a trace element depleted Iherzolite source leaving a residual assemblage dominated by olivine and orthopyroxene. The percentage of partial melting for a primary magma containing 15% MgO is calculated to be 35–42% in a source mantle having a heavy rare earth content of 3×chondrite and 33–35% MgO. HT, represented by Kilauea tholeiite, is generated by partial melting of a mixture of unmelted and residual mantle for MORB which has been modified by metasomatic addition of a nephelinitic fluid, amphibole, and minor amounts of apatite and Fe‐bearing phases such as sulfide and magnetite/ilmenite. This model yields a picritic magma in equilbrium with magnesian dunite at high (&gt;40%) degrees of partial melting. The source also has 35% MgO before partial melting. Melting in both systems in polyvariant and not controlled by lower‐temperature invariant equilibria. The low‐velocity zone is considered to be the source of metasomatic fluids that are driven upward into the lowermost lithosphere in response to a thermal plume. Picritic primary magmas are produced by shear melting, localized in the zone of thinned and metasomatized lithosphere beneath Hawaii. Melt extraction is rapid and episodic at intervals of months to decades; magma is not stored in the mantle but passes upward to a plexus of storage reservoirs located 2–6 km beneath the surface of Kilauea. Kilauea primary magmas fractionate olivine during upward transport to reach bulk compositions of 13–14% MgO in storage. Different magma batches erupted to the surface, distinguished by different major and minor element compositons compared at similar MgO content, represent combinations of differing degrees of metasomatic enrichment, differing degrees of partial melting, and some effects of premelting mantle heterogeneity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB05p03233","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., 1984, Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite: A metasomatic model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. 5, p. 3233-3252, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB05p03233.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3233","endPage":"3252","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.48828125,\n              21.6778482933475\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.181640625,\n              18.271086109608877\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.0283203125,\n              19.68397023588844\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.14794921875,\n              22.958393318086348\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.48828125,\n              21.6778482933475\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013399,"text":"70013399 - 1984 - Deposit from a giant wave on the island of Lanai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T16:45:34.85244","indexId":"70013399","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposit from a giant wave on the island of Lanai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Limestone-bearing gravel, the newly named Hulopoe Gravel, blankets the coastal slopes on Lanai. The deposit, which reaches a maximum altitude of 326 meters, formerly was believed to have been deposited along several different ancient marine strandlines, but dated submerged coral reefs and tide-gauge measurements indicate that the southeastern Hawaiian Islands sink so fast that former worldwide high stands of the sea now lie beneath local sea level. Evidence indicates that the Hulopoe Gravel and similar deposits on nearby islands were deposited during the Pleistocene by a giant wave generated by a submarine landslide on a sea scarp south of Lanai.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.226.4680.1312","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Moore, G.W., 1984, Deposit from a giant wave on the island of Lanai, Hawaii: Science, v. 226, no. 4680, p. 1312-1315, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.226.4680.1312.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1312","endPage":"1315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Lanai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.04701403020007,\n              20.92627250123462\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.0706343344538,\n              20.893311531941023\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.97505131595113,\n              20.72310846826069\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89884331038573,\n              20.732599353870704\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8300187980304,\n              20.75106585014828\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.80722334799393,\n              20.789174914783295\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.80065186932208,\n              20.82107518570372\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8407184250824,\n              20.898008081831378\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9555988624296,\n              20.93741362206584\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.04701403020007,\n              20.92627250123462\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"226","issue":"4680","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb4e4b0c8380cd4ee9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, George W.","contributorId":21625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013881,"text":"70013881 - 1984 - Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T16:38:41.954235","indexId":"70013881","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level","docAbstract":"Observed long-term changes in glacier volume and hydrometeorological mass balance models yield data on the transfer of water from glaciers, excluding those in Greenland and Antarctica, to the oceans, The average observed volume change for the period 1900 to 1961 is scaled to a global average by use of the seasonal amplitude of the mass balance. These data are used to calibrate the models to estimate the changing contribution of glaciers to sea level for the period 1884 to 1975. Although the error band is large, these glaciers appear to accountfor a third to half of observed rise in sea level, approximately that fraction not explained by thermal expansion of the ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.226.4681.1418","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Meier, M.F., 1984, Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level: Science, v. 226, no. 4681, p. 1418-1421, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.226.4681.1418.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1421","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"226","issue":"4681","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa85e4b0c8380cd4db4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012787,"text":"70012787 - 1984 - The variability of Holocene climate change: Evidence from varved lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T17:21:16.222942","indexId":"70012787","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of Holocene climate change: Evidence from varved lake sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Varved sediments from a lake near the present forest-prairie border in northwestern Minnesota provide an annual record of climate change for the last 10,400 years. Climate-sensitive mineral, chemical, and biological components show that the mid-Holocene dry interval between 8500 and 4000 years ago is asymmetrical and actually consists of two distinct drier pulses separated by a moister interval that lasted about 600 years. Cyclic fluctuations with periods of several hundred years were abrupt and persistent throughout the Holocene and are most clearly recorded within the two drier pulses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.226.4679.1191","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Bradbury, J.P., Anderson, R., and Barnosky, C., 1984, The variability of Holocene climate change: Evidence from varved lake sediments: Science, v. 226, no. 4679, p. 1191-1194, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.226.4679.1191.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"northwestern Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.31710496338994,\n              49.04719925152051\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31710496338994,\n              46.16292309024976\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.724674133939,\n              46.16292309024976\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.724674133939,\n              49.04719925152051\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31710496338994,\n              49.04719925152051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"226","issue":"4679","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b1e4b08c986b3253aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R.Y.","contributorId":22789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnosky, C.W.","contributorId":44666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnosky","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207107,"text":"70207107 - 1984 - Deformation in the White Mountain seismic gap, California-Nevada, 1972-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T15:37:25.281301","indexId":"70207107","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-06T11:52:36","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation in the White Mountain seismic gap, California-Nevada, 1972-1982","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 100×40 km trilateration network extending from Bishop, California, to near Hawthorne, Nevada, crosses the east end of the Long Valley caldera, site of renewed magma inflation in the 1979–1980 interval, and spans most of the White Mountain seismic gap. The network was surveyed in 1972, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1980, and 1982. The 1980 survey may be contaminated by a scale error. In addition, leveling surveys across the caldera have been run in 1932, 1957, 1975, 1980, 1982, and 1983. Interpretation of the deformation is complicated by the occurrence of the May 1980 Mammoth Lakes earthquake sequence (four earthquakes&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span>≥6) at the south edge of the caldera as well as other moderate earthquakes within the White Mountain seismic gap. The vertical deformation is largely accounted for by 0.10‐ to 0.15‐km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;expansion of a spherical magma chamber 8–10 km beneath the resurgent dome within the Long Valley caldera sometime between July 1979 and September 1980 with an additional expansion of perhaps 0.05 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;between September 1980 and July 1982. Some additional sources of deformation within the aftershock zone of the Mammoth Lakes earthquakes seem to be required to explain the horizontal deformation. We show that right‐lateral slip on vertical faults extending WNW from each of the three largest earthquakes in the Mammoth Lakes sequence provides the required additional deformation, but this solution is by no means unique. There are simply too few data to define the rather complex deformation that apparently occurred within the aftershock zone. There is little doubt, however, that inflation of a magma chamber beneath the resurgent dome within the Long Valley caldera was involved in the deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB09p07671","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Lisowski, M., 1984, Deformation in the White Mountain seismic gap, California-Nevada, 1972-1982: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B9, p. 7671-7687, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB09p07671.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"7671","endPage":"7687","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.44610595703124,\n              37.413800350662896\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.22662353515624,\n              37.413800350662896\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.22662353515624,\n              38.371808917147554\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44610595703124,\n              38.371808917147554\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44610595703124,\n              37.413800350662896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207106,"text":"70207106 - 1984 - Earthquake swarm in Long Valley caldera, California, January 1983: Evidence for dike inflation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T15:26:17.668526","indexId":"70207106","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-06T11:29:43","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake swarm in Long Valley caldera, California, January 1983: Evidence for dike inflation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 1982–1983 deformation observed by trilateration and leveling surveys across the Long Valley caldera is apparently related to the 8.5‐km‐long by 8‐km‐deep vertical rupture surface defined by the January 1983 earthquake swarm that occurred in the south moat of the caldera. The observed deformation can be explained as follows. In late 1982, 0.03 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of magma was injected into a dike that dips 30° northward from the bottom of the rupture surface. The downdip dimension of this dike is 8 km. The dike inflation accounts for the uplift observed across the caldera as well as some of the horizontal deformation. Inflation of the dike generated a tension of about 3 bars across the vertical plane that was to become the rupture surface of the January swarm. This reduced the frictional stress on the rupture plane and perhaps triggered the slip that caused the January swarm. Right‐lateral slip (0.22 m) on the uppermost 2 km of the rupture plane during and after the January swarm accounts for the additional horizontal deformation observed. The model can be improved marginally if strike slip is admitted over the entire rupture surface and 0.006 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of magma is injected along that surface in the depth interval 3–8 km. The improvement in the model fit, however, is not sufficient to require shallow injection of magma. Thus we conclude that inflation of a dike at depth (8–12 km) dipping northward beneath the resurgent dome plus shallow right‐lateral slip on the rupture surface is a simple, but not unique, explanation of the observed deformation and seismicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB10p08315","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Cockerham, R., 1984, Earthquake swarm in Long Valley caldera, California, January 1983: Evidence for dike inflation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B10, p. 8315-8324, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08315.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"8315","endPage":"8324","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.278564453125,\n              37.49447320172351\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5479736328125,\n              37.49447320172351\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5479736328125,\n              38.1151107557172\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.278564453125,\n              38.1151107557172\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.278564453125,\n              37.49447320172351\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cockerham, R.S.","contributorId":21421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockerham","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207103,"text":"70207103 - 1984 - Regional deformation near Palmdale, California, 1973-1983 (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T15:21:41.721361","indexId":"70207103","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-06T10:28:59","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional deformation near Palmdale, California, 1973-1983 (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\">The Tehachapi trilateration network spans the intersection of the San Andreas and Garlock faults in southern California in the “Big Bend” region of the San Andreas fault. Analysis of data from 1973–1983 shows strain differences between the northwest and southeast regions of the network and slip at depth on both faults. The Palmdale network, spanning the San Andreas fault entirely within the Tehachapi network, showed increases of about 1 μstrain in both east‐west and north‐south extension in late 1979. The Tehachapi strains also jumped at this time, but the magnitude of the increase was only about one third that of Palmdale. The principal strain rates for Tehachapi over the time interval 1973–1983 are&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/e552692c-9980-4ea7-aa0c-c8bc21ab42fa/jgrb4718-math-0001.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/e552692c-9980-4ea7-aa0c-c8bc21ab42fa/jgrb4718-math-0001.gif\" width=\"137\" height=\"19\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr and&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/1add3584-2422-4463-94d0-3cddb1bed90f/jgrb4718-math-0002.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/1add3584-2422-4463-94d0-3cddb1bed90f/jgrb4718-math-0002.gif\" width=\"158\" height=\"20\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr, with the 1 axis directed N76°E. Strains were also computed for two subregions. The principal strain rates for the southeast Tehachapi region are&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/7d1a542b-f435-413e-b2a0-2bbdd7bd5423/jgrb4718-math-0003.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0003\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/7d1a542b-f435-413e-b2a0-2bbdd7bd5423/jgrb4718-math-0003.gif\" width=\"143\" height=\"23\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr and&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/52c9e8fb-c23f-4510-b0ce-6702d4ca6256/jgrb4718-math-0004.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0004\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/52c9e8fb-c23f-4510-b0ce-6702d4ca6256/jgrb4718-math-0004.gif\" width=\"159\" height=\"23\">&nbsp;μStrain/yr, with the 1 axis directed N73°E. This result differs significantly from the principal strain rates at Palmdale (&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/7334fe58-4beb-414a-882e-d973f41ef8bf/jgrb4718-math-0005.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0005\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/7334fe58-4beb-414a-882e-d973f41ef8bf/jgrb4718-math-0005.gif\" width=\"136\" height=\"20\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr,&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/f78759f7-2ba0-42a7-b8ed-2a487c74be0e/jgrb4718-math-0006.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0006\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/f78759f7-2ba0-42a7-b8ed-2a487c74be0e/jgrb4718-math-0006.gif\" width=\"151\" height=\"24\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr, with the 1 axis directed N71°E). For the northwest Tehachapi region,&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/69e7ace1-9f50-481d-ba70-14e69959d3b5/jgrb4718-math-0007.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0007\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/69e7ace1-9f50-481d-ba70-14e69959d3b5/jgrb4718-math-0007.gif\" width=\"139\" height=\"20\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr and&nbsp;<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/fe880333-465b-4ccb-8d07-f7628ee502b3/jgrb4718-math-0008.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:01480227:media:jgrb4718:jgrb4718-math-0008\" data-mce-src=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/fe880333-465b-4ccb-8d07-f7628ee502b3/jgrb4718-math-0008.gif\" width=\"174\" height=\"22\">&nbsp;μstrain/yr, with the 1 axis directed N93°E.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB04p02471","usgsCitation":"King, N., and Savage, J.C., 1984, Regional deformation near Palmdale, California, 1973-1983 (USA): Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B4, p. 2471-2477, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB04p02471.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2471","endPage":"2477","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Near Palmdale","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.38867187500001,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.52099609375,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.52099609375,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38867187500001,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38867187500001,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, N.E.","contributorId":29950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199566,"text":"70199566 - 1984 - Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. Conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T17:13:40","indexId":"70199566","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-05T17:13:09","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. Conceptual model","docAbstract":"<p>Stream sediments adsorb certain solutes from streams, thereby significantly changing the solute composition; but little is known about the details and rates of these adsorptive processes. To investigate such processes, a 24-hr. injection of a solution containing chloride, strontium, potassium, sodium and lead was made at the head of a 640-m reach of Uvas Creek in west-central Santa Clara County, California. Uvas Creek is a cobble-bed pool-and-riffle stream draining the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains. By September 12, 1973, after a long dry season, Uvas Creek had a low (0.0215 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>average) flow which varied diurnally, from 0.018 to 0.025 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. Because stream discharge varied while the injection rate was constant, the concentration of tracers (injected solutes), after mixing in the stream, varied inversely with discharge.</p><p>Chloride, a nonreactive solute, served as a tracer of water movement. Analysis of extensive chloride concentration data at five sites below the injection point during and after the injection demonstrated that there was considerable underflow of water through the stream gravels; however, the extent of underflow varied greatly within the study reach. Pre-injection water, displaced by tracer-laden water percolating through the gravels, diluted tracers in the stream channel, giving the mistaken impression of groundwater inflow at some points. Accurate measurement of total discharge in such streams requires prolonged tracer injection unless a reach can be found where underflow is negligible.</p><p>Strontium and potassium were adsorbed by the bed sediments to a moderate extent and lead was strongly adsorbed. A high proportion of these metals could be removed by adsorption from percolating underflow because of extensive and intimate contact with bed sediments. After channel clearing following injection cutoff, 51% of the added strontium and 96% of the lead remained in the study reach, whereas only 19% of the chloride remained. Packets of sized sediment, placed in the stream before the experiment and withdrawn during and after the injection, indicated that the strontium absorbed on the 0.42–0.50-mm size sediment appeared to achieve near equilibrium with dissolved strontium within less than 2 hr. whereas 3.4–4.0-mm grains had not reached that stage after 24 hr.</p><p>The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the sediments shows a “bimodal” distribution with grain size. Largest values are in the finest sizes, lower values in the fine-to-medium sand-size range, intermediate values in the coarse- to very coarse-grained sand, and decreasing values with size above very coarse-grained sand. This considerable exchange capacity in coarse-sand to granule-size particles means that a streambed, that has not been infilled with fines to reduce permeability, can be highly reactive and accessible throughout a rather thick sediment layer and hence have a large and available reactive capacity.</p><p>As stream discharge increases from low flow, the ratio of underflow to channel flow should decrease rapidly with resultant diminution in percent of solutes sorbed within a particular stream reach.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90046-5","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., Jackman, A.P., Zand, S., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R., 1984, Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A.: 1. Conceptual model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 75, no. 1-4, p. 67-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90046-5.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","otherGeospatial":"Uvas Creek","volume":"75","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zand, S.M.","contributorId":25699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zand","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013849,"text":"70013849 - 1984 - Storm-generated variations in nearshore beach topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T17:13:38.488998","indexId":"70013849","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-generated variations in nearshore beach topography","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of nearshore beach profile measurements from the Outer Banks of North Carolina spanning a four-month period have been examined for temporal variations in nearshore topography. Principal component analysis of the profile data indicates that most of the variation in nearshore topography occurs in four principal modes, two quasiseasonal and two subseasonal. The first principal component, or eigenvector, corresponds to a bar-berm function. The second, to a terrace function. Combined, the first two vectors explain 76.3% of the total variance. The third and fourth components, representing subseasonal modes, are a ridge and runnel and a storm bar function, respectively. Both occur in direct response to storm wave activity. Although the bar-berm and terrace modes of profile variation have been previously identified using principal component analysis techniques, the subsequent modes have not. The ridge and runnel function accounts for 10.6% of total profile variability and the storm bar function accounts for 5.0%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(84)90052-5","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1984, Storm-generated variations in nearshore beach topography: Marine Geology, v. 62, no. 1-2, p. 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(84)90052-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.25679346421666,\n              36.146063741929154\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25679346421666,\n              35.386845871442645\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.36350096680715,\n              35.386845871442645\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.36350096680715,\n              36.146063741929154\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25679346421666,\n              36.146063741929154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b987ee4b08c986b31c067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}