As part of a plant survivability and ground water study in Owens Valley, California, semipermanent installations are used to measure continuous range‐land evapotranspiration in the valley's phreatophyte community. A proposed mobile installation also has been designed. The semipermanent micrometeoro‐logical station collects continuous data for solution of the Bowen ratio/energy budget equation and the Penman combination equation. Three sites were chosen for this type of installation to provide a representative sampling of Owens Valley. The proposed mobile aerodynamic installation should be capable of calculating evapotranspiration by the eddy correlation method. This instrumentation will be used throughout the valley for short periods of time (up to five days). Many problems with equipment operation, calibration and design have been identified and resolved by means of improved calibration techniques, systematic error‐removal techniques, reduced cycle times, modified equipment design and proper observer training. The collected evapotranspiration data will be instrumental in developing a one‐dimensional evapotranspiration flux algorithm for a model of valleywide ground water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1984.tb00907.x","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., and Duell, L.F., 1984, Design and implementation of evapotranspiration measuring equipment for Owens Valley, California: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 4, no. 4, p. 155-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1984.tb00907.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.8,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 35.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duell, Lowell F. W. Jr.","contributorId":81124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"Lowell","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120876,"text":"70120876 - 1984 - Proceedings of a workshop on fish habitat suitability index models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:58:29","indexId":"70120876","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-01T10:48:46","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1021,"text":"Biological Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proceedings of a workshop on fish habitat suitability index models","docAbstract":"One of the habitat-based methodologies for impact assessment currently in use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1980). HEP is based on the assumption that the quality of an area as wildlife habitat at a specified target year can be described by a single number, called a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI). An HSI of 1.0 represents optimum habitat: an HSI of 0.0 represents unsuitable habitat. The verbal or mathematical rules by which an HSI is assigned to an area are called an HSI model. A series of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models, described by Schamberger et al. (1982), have been published to assist users in applying HEP.
\nHSI model building approaches are described in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1981). One type of HSI model described in detail requires the development of Suitability Index (SI) graphs for habitat variables believed to be important for the growth, survival, standing crop, or other measure of well-being for a species. Suitability indices range from 0 to 1.0, with 1.0 representing optimum conditions for the variable. When HSI models based on suitability indices are used, habitat variable values are measured, or estimated, and converted to SI's through the use of a Suitability Index graph for each variable. Individual SI's are aggregated into an HSI. Standard methods for testing this type of HSI model did not exist at the time the studies reported in this document were performed.
\nA workshop was held in Fort Collins, Colorado, February 14-15, 1983, that brought together biologists experienced in the use, development, and testing of aquatic HSI models, in an effort to address the following objectives: (1) review the needs of HSI model users; (2) discuss and document the results of aquatic HSI model tests; and (3) provide recommendations for the future development, testing, modification, and use of HSI models. Individual presentations, group discussions, and group decision techniques were used to develop and present information at the meeting. A synthesis of the resulting concepts, results, and recommendations follows this preface. Subsequent papers describe individual tests of selected HSI models. Most of the tests involved comparison of values from HSI models or Suitability index (SI) curves with standing crop, as required contractually. Time and budget constraints generally limited tests to the use of data previously collected for other purposes.
\nThese proceedings are intended to help persons responsible for the development, testing, or use of HSI models by increasing their understanding of potential uses and limitations of testing procedures and models based on aggregated Suitability Indices. Problems encountered when testing HSI models are described, model performance during tests is documents, and recommendations for future model development and testing presented by the participants are listed and interpreted.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Terrell, J.W., 1984, Proceedings of a workshop on fish habitat suitability index models: Biological Report, v. 85, no. 6, 393 p.","productDescription":"393 p.","numberOfPages":"393","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25febe4b0333418718949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120857,"text":"70120857 - 1984 - A workshop model simulating fate and effect of drilling muds and cuttings on benthic communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:13:10","indexId":"70120857","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-01T09:47:05","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W02","title":"A workshop model simulating fate and effect of drilling muds and cuttings on benthic communities","docAbstract":"Oil and gas exploration and production at marine sites has generated concern over potential environmental impacts resulting from the discharge of spent drilling muds and cuttings. This concern has led to a broad array of publicly and privately sponsored research. This report described a cooperative modeling effort designed to focus information resulting from this research through construction of explicit equations that simulate the potential impacts of discharge drilling fluids (muds) and cuttings on marine communities. The model is the result of collaboration among more than 30 scientists. The principal cooperating organizations were the E.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Minerals Management Service, the Offshore Operators Committee, and the Alaska Oil and Gas Association.
\nThe overall simulation model can be conceptualized as three connected submodels: Discharge and Plume Fate, Sediment Redistribution, and Benthic Community Effects. On each day of simulation, these submodels are executed in sequence, with flows of information between submodels. The Benthic Community Effects submodel can be further divided into sections that calculate mortality due to burial, mortality due to toxicity, mortality due to resuspension disturbance, and growth of the community.
\nThe model represents a series of seven discrete 1-m2 plots at specified distances along a transect in one direction away from a discharge point. It consists of coupled difference equations for which parameter values can easily be set to evaluate different conditions or to examine the sensitivity of output to various assumptions. Sets of parameter values were developed to represent four general cases or scenarios: (1) a shallow (5 m), cold environment with ice cover during a substantial fraction of the year, such as might be encountered in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska; (2) a shallow (20 m), temperate environment, such as might be encountered in the Gulf of Mexico; (3) a deeper (80 m), temperate environment, such as might be encountered in the Gulf of Mexico; and (4) a very deep (1,000 m) environment, such as might be encountered on the Atlantic slope.
\nThe focus of the modeling effort was on the connection of a reasonable representation of physical fate to the biological responses of populations, rather than on highly detailed representations of individual processes. For example, the calculations of physical fate are not as detailed as those in the recently published model of Brandsma et al. (1983). The value of the model described herein is in the broad scope of processes that are explicitly represented and linked together. The model cannot be considered to produce reliable predictions of the quantitative impacts of discharged drilling fluids and cuttings on biological populations at a particular site. Limitations of the model in predicting integrated fate and effects can be traced to three general areas: level of refinement of the algorithms used in the model; lack of understanding of the processes determining fate and effects; and parameter and data values.
\nDespite the limitations, several qualitative conclusions concerning both potential impacts and the importance of various remaining data gaps can be drawn from the modeling effort. These include:
\n(1) Simple, unequivocal conclusions about fate and effects across geographical regions and drilling operations are difficult, if not misleading, due to the large amount of variability in characteristics of discharged materials (e.g., oil content and toxicity), discharge conditions (e.g., duration of drilling operations), physical environments (e.g., water depth, current direction, and sediment disturbance regimes), and biological communities (e.g., intrinsic growth rates). Different combinations of these characteristics can result in substantial differences in simulated environmental fate and biological effects. For examples, simulated recovery in some high-energy environments occurs within months after the cessation of discharge operations, even at heavily impacted sites, whereas simulated recover in some low-energy environments takes years at heavily impacted sites.
\n<2) Considerable difficulties remain in the reliable extrapolation of results from laboratory toxicity experiments to predictions of population effects in the field.
\n(3) The volume of material discharged and duration of operations in the production drilling operations simulated by the model are sufficient to produce substantial simulated biological impacts at some plots, both in terms of differences from a control plot during the period of discharge operations, and in terms of the recovery period following the perturbations.
\nEvaluation of the significance of potential effects involves the following factors:
\n• Definition of a specific spatial and temporal reference frame (e.g., What is the natural variation? Is 1 year to be considered a \"long\" or \"short\" time? Is 50 m to be considered a \"large\" or \"trivial\" distance?
\n• Consideration of rare or unique resources and particularly sensitive biotic assemblages.
\n• Consideration of the potential for long term, cumulative effects.
\nSome of these aspects are clearly beyond the scope of this modeling efforts (e.g., the model does not simulate the long term fate of resuspended material). The model does, however, contain an internal \"reference frame\" by comparison to simulated behavior at a control plot. The model, in general, simulates substantial \"natural\" variation at the reference or control plots, both over time, due to sediment disturbance events in medium to high energy environments, and over space, due to geographically varying conditions, such as water depth and current regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Andrews, A.K., Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., and Shoemaker, T.G., 1984, A workshop model simulating fate and effect of drilling muds and cuttings on benthic communities, 189 p.","productDescription":"189 p.","numberOfPages":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fc2e4b03334187188f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shoemaker, Thomas G.","contributorId":19491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013388,"text":"70013388 - 1984 - An engineering economic analysis of a program for artificial groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T17:09:50.980176","indexId":"70013388","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An engineering economic analysis of a program for artificial groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"This study describes and demonstrates two alternate methods for evaluating the relative costs and benefits of artificial groundwater recharge using percolation ponds. The first analysis considers the benefits to be the reduction of pumping lifts and land subsidence; the second considers benefits as the alternative costs of a comparable surface delivery system. Example computations are carried out for an existing artificial recharge program in Santa Clara Valley in California. A computer groundwater model is used to estimate both the average long term and the drought period effects of artificial recharge in the study area. For the example problem, the benefits of reduced average annual pumping lifts and reduced incremental subsidence are greater than the total costs of continuing the existing artificial recharge program. Benefits for reduced subsidence are strongly dependent on initial aquifer conditions. The second analysis compares the costs of continuing the artificial recharge program with the costs of a surface system which would achieve the same hydraulic effects. Results indicate that the costs of artificial recharge are considerably smaller than the alternative costs of an equivalent surface system. In evaluating a particular program, consideration should also be given to uncertainties in future supplies and demands for water as well as to the probability of extreme events such as droughts
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04802.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E.G., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1984, An engineering economic analysis of a program for artificial groundwater recharge: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 20, no. 6, p. 929-939, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04802.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"929","endPage":"939","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.45341998199527,\n 37.599673196238015\n ],\n [\n -122.45341998199527,\n 37.23160777152658\n ],\n [\n -121.58462504609989,\n 37.23160777152658\n ],\n [\n -121.58462504609989,\n 37.599673196238015\n ],\n [\n -122.45341998199527,\n 37.599673196238015\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0460e4b0c8380cd5094c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206859,"text":"70206859 - 1984 - Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and alternate shallow-water conodont zonation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T14:44:08.464546","indexId":"70206859","displayToPublicDate":"1984-11-25T12:58:08","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and alternate shallow-water conodont zonation","docAbstract":"Recognition of differences in the habitats, apparatuses, and ranges of Late Devonian Icriodus and Pelekysgnathus permits refinement of their biofacies interpretations and construction of an alternate icriodontid zonation. Icriodus is a euphotic genus that predominated in most environments during the early Late Devonian (Frasnian) but died out during the early Famennian. Its apparatus consists of platform (I) elements; four larger, acodiniform cones; and two smaller, oneotodiform, scolopodiform, or drepanodiform cones. Pelekysgnathus is a shallow-water genus, which shortly after Icriodus died out, produced somewhat deeper water taxa with triple-rowed I elements that are homeomorphs of Icriodus I elements. Apparatuses for both single-rowed taxa (Pelekysgnathus) and triple-rowed taxa (“Icriodus”) contain oistodiform cones, apparently in place of one or more of the acodiniform cones. Biofacies models for southern Belgium and Utah show that Icriodus lived not only in nearshore environments but ranged into the pelagic palmatolepid-bispathodid (I) and palmatolepid-polygnathid (II) biofacies. Younger “Icriodus”, however, inhabited mainly the deeper subtidal polygnathid-“icriodid” (III) and polygnathid-pelekysgnathid (IV) biofacies. Pelekysgnathus inhabited mainly the polygnathid-pelekysgnathid biofacies and ranged shoreward into the shallow-subtidal clydagnathid (V), scaphignathid (VI), patrognathid (VII), and pandorinellinid (VIII) biofacies, but has not yet been found in the hypersaline antognathid (IX) biofacies (new).
The Late Devonian, subdivided by 28 mainly Palmatolepis-based zones from the Lower (Polygnathus) asymmetricus to Upper (Siphonodella) praesulcata Zones in the standard conodont zonation for pelagic biofacies, can be subdivided into nine icriodontid-based zones in nearshore biofacies. In ascending order, these are the Icriodus symmetricus; Lower and Upper Pelekysgnathus planus; Lower, Middle, and Upper “I.” cornutus; and Lower, Middle, and Upper “I.” costatus Zones. Taxonomic revisions involve mainly relegating several previously described species to subspecies and morphotypes and raising some subspecies to species. Two new biostratigraphically significant subspecies, I. iowaensis ancylus n. subsp. and I. alternatus helmsi n. subsp., are recognized to occur both in the western United States and in Europe. Pelekysgnathus brevis n. sp. is described as new on the basis of a Middle Devonian occurrence in Utah.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE196-p143","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., and Dreesen, R., 1984, Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and alternate shallow-water conodont zonation: GSA Special Papers, v. 196, p. 143-178, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE196-p143.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -118.0810546875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -115.00488281250001,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -113.115234375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 39.027718840211605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -113.00537109375,\n 35.65729624809628\n ],\n [\n -111.26953125,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -110.72021484375,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -107.46826171874999,\n 35.40696093270201\n ],\n [\n -105.57861328125,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 37.70120736474139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"196","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreesen, Roland","contributorId":62927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreesen","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013515,"text":"70013515 - 1984 - Biological communities at the Florida Escarpment resemble hydrothermal vent taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T17:27:49.949424","indexId":"70013515","displayToPublicDate":"1984-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological communities at the Florida Escarpment resemble hydrothermal vent taxa","docAbstract":"Dense biological communities of large epifaunal taxa similar to those found along ridge crest vents at the East Pacific Rise were discovered in the abyssal Gulf of Mexico. These assemblages occur on a passive continental margin at the base of the Florida Escarpment, the interface between the relatively impermeable hemipelagic clays of the distal Mississippi Fan and the jointed Cretaceous limestone of the Florida Platform. The fauna apparently is nourished by sulfide rich hypersaline waters seeping out at near ambient temperatures onto the sea floor.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.226.4677.965","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Hecker, B., Commeau, R., Freeman-Lynde, R.P., Neumann, C., Corso, W., Golubic, S., Hook, J., Sikes, E., and Curray, J., 1984, Biological communities at the Florida Escarpment resemble hydrothermal vent taxa: Science, v. 226, no. 4677, p. 965-967, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.226.4677.965.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"967","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.34024487052253,\n 30.07605910739204\n ],\n [\n -86.34024487052253,\n 25.0903140051866\n ],\n [\n -80.90280590664406,\n 25.0903140051866\n ],\n [\n -80.90280590664406,\n 30.07605910739204\n ],\n [\n -86.34024487052253,\n 30.07605910739204\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"226","issue":"4677","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f165e4b0c8380cd4ac39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecker, Barbara","contributorId":33843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecker","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, R.","contributorId":29954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman-Lynde, R. P.","contributorId":102203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman-Lynde","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neumann, C.","contributorId":26438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corso, W.P.","contributorId":78875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corso","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golubic, S.","contributorId":20466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golubic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hook, J.E.","contributorId":9769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sikes, E.","contributorId":91239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikes","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Curray, J.","contributorId":29955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70206778,"text":"70206778 - 1984 - Evaluation of a technique for simulating a compacting aquifer system in the Central Valley of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T13:54:52","indexId":"70206778","displayToPublicDate":"1984-11-21T13:43:18","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of a technique for simulating a compacting aquifer system in the Central Valley of California, USA","docAbstract":"Large volumes of water have been pumped from the Central Valley aquifer system since the early 1900's. Water levels in the most heavily pumped areas had declined as much as 120 m by 1970. These large water-level declines resulted in approximately 21,000 hm3 of water released by inelastic compaction of numerous compressible fine-grained deposits. The principal technique used to evaluate the aquifer system was a three-dimensional computer program that solves the basic ground-water flow equation. The program was modified to incorporate water released by inelastic compaction of the fine-grained deposits by making storage a function of hydraulic head. The computer-simulated volume of water released from inelastic compaction for the period from 1961 through 1977 was 6 percent of the estimated volume. The technique could be used in other areas where water is released as a result of inelastic compaction of fine-grained deposits.
","conferenceTitle":" Land Subsidence: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"March 19-25, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Venice, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, Oxfordshire","isbn":"9780947571405","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., and Williamson, A.K., 1984, Evaluation of a technique for simulating a compacting aquifer system in the Central Valley of California, USA, Land Subsidence: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Land Subsidence, Venice, Italy, March 19-25, 1984, p. 53-63.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley of California ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 40.73893324113601\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -119.454345703125,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -118.36669921875,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 40.73893324113601\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Alex K.","contributorId":36543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199558,"text":"70199558 - 1984 - Reducing relative error from the CVBEM by proper treatment of the known boundary conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:19:52","indexId":"70199558","displayToPublicDate":"1984-11-01T16:19:09","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2022,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing relative error from the CVBEM by proper treatment of the known boundary conditions","docAbstract":"By a proper treatment of the known boundary conditions of a boundary value problem, a complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) can be used to exactly satisfy the known nodal point boundary values. In this fashion, a numerical model can be developed which generates relative error information along the problem boundary that can be used to reduce the modelling error by either an integrated measure or a maximum relative error measure.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/nme.1620201113","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., and Guymon, G.L., 1984, Reducing relative error from the CVBEM by proper treatment of the known boundary conditions: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 20, no. 11, p. 2113-2120, https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620201113.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2113","endPage":"2120","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guymon, Gary L.","contributorId":52059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003307,"text":"1003307 - 1984 - Relationship of young-of-the-year northern pike to aquatic vegetation types in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-01T15:40:45.407075","indexId":"1003307","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of young-of-the-year northern pike to aquatic vegetation types in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The association of young-of-the-year northern pike (Esox lucius) with different aquatic plant types (e.g., submerged, emergent, floating) was studied to evaluate the impacts of a potential loss of backwaters on available fish nursery habitats in the upper Mississippi River. Eight biweekly collections were made at each of six representative lentic habitats in Navigation Pool 7. In the spring, average catches of northern pike from areas with submerged vegetation were nearly three times greater than from areas with emergent vegetation, and more than 10 times greater than from an area with no vegetation. This pattern was consistent until late summer, when the young became more common in the more highly oxygenated, less heavily vegetated waters. Food and growth were examined as possible indicators for the selection of areas with submerged vegetation over other habitats. Food varied among fish in the different vegetation types; however, no significant patterns of improved growth or condition were apparent. Young northern pike apparently were successful, opportunistic feeders. Although preference for habitats with submerged vegetation was seemingly not related to food, the overall production of young was clearly best in these habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<514:ROYNPT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holland, L.E., and Huston, M., 1984, Relationship of young-of-the-year northern pike to aquatic vegetation types in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 4, no. 4B, p. 514-522, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<514:ROYNPT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"522","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi river","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.55990007660549,\n 44.906660690740296\n ],\n [\n -91.43260857118594,\n 42.13319443722958\n ],\n [\n -91.88829429543449,\n 40.8246331112638\n ],\n [\n -90.4055501655566,\n 37.15280968887886\n ],\n [\n -88.8037050864248,\n 37.179001003161034\n ],\n [\n -90.231167774702,\n 40.7368565162695\n ],\n [\n -89.70108624979954,\n 44.00756026263559\n ],\n [\n -92.55990007660549,\n 44.906660690740296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, L. E.","contributorId":104853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huston, M.L.","contributorId":16794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013923,"text":"1013923 - 1984 - Analysis of potential yield per recruit for striped bass produced in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:57:14.896598","indexId":"1013923","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of potential yield per recruit for striped bass produced in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"The yield of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in biomass and numbers was estimated for constant recruitment of young fish into the population on the basis of vital statistics of the Maryland stock. Separate computations were performed for males, females, and sexes combined. Yield in biomass per individual entering the population was highest when the minimum legal length was in the range of 80-90 cm fork length and no upper size limits were imposed. The yield would increase at these size limits in both the Bay and Coastal fisheries, although the Coastal fishery would gain a slight relative advantage because the escapement of immature females from the Bay would increase. The most significant negative effect associated with an increase in the size limits would be the elimination of the traditional fisheries that focus on panfish (male and immature female striped bass 28-40 cm long). Although the length limits recommended in an existing Interstate Fisheries Management Plan for Striped Bass will increase yield per recruit, more stringent regulations would further increase the yield.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<488:AOPYPR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., 1984, Analysis of potential yield per recruit for striped bass produced in Chesapeake Bay: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 4, no. 4B, p. 488-496, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<488:AOPYPR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"496","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.64812890800285,\n 39.66334779189384\n ],\n [\n -76.64812890800285,\n 38.065348260070635\n ],\n [\n -75.92033247458004,\n 38.065348260070635\n ],\n [\n -75.92033247458004,\n 39.66334779189384\n ],\n [\n -76.64812890800285,\n 39.66334779189384\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120743,"text":"70120743 - 1984 - Projected future abundance of the Yellowstone grizzly bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T16:56:45.394701","indexId":"70120743","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-01T16:46:46","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected future abundance of the Yellowstone grizzly bear","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3801814","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., and Eberhardt, L., 1984, Projected future abundance of the Yellowstone grizzly bear: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1434-1438, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801814.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1434","endPage":"1438","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02068833732608,\n 44.88708008420463\n ],\n [\n -111.02068833732608,\n 44.22869292050456\n ],\n [\n -110.27441673209835,\n 44.22869292050456\n ],\n [\n -110.27441673209835,\n 44.88708008420463\n ],\n [\n -111.02068833732608,\n 44.88708008420463\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed6e4b0bfa1f993efee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233967,"text":"70233967 - 1984 - A comparative ground response study near Los Angeles using recordings of Nevada nuclear tests and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T13:51:53.997964","indexId":"70233967","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-01T08:44:01","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative ground response study near Los Angeles using recordings of Nevada nuclear tests and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake","docAbstract":"A comparative ground response study at sites in the Los Angeles region is based on the extensive strong-motion data set recorded in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and 159 three-component recordings of distant nuclear tests in Nevada. Amplitude spectral ratios computed for the nuclear test data over those frequency bands for which there is an adequate signal-to-noise ratio provide statistically stable estimates of the local ground response related to the type of local geologic conditions. Comparison of the strong-motion data recorded from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake with that recorded at 28 of the same sites for the nuclear tests show that the corresponding amplitude spectral ratios are statistically equivalent for most sites, provided reference stations are chosen to minimize effects on the earthquake data of azimuthal source variations and crustal propagation path. Statistical equivalence of the spectral ratios for the two types of data sources suggests that amplitude spectral ratios computed with respect to the appropriate reference station provide a first-order estimate of local ground response.
The relationship between malic acid production and carbon assimilation was examined in the submerged aquatic Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Isoetes howellii Engelmann. Under natural conditions free-CO2 level in the water was highest at 0600 hours and 14CO2 assimilation rates in I. howellii were also highest at this time. After 0900 hours there was a similar pattern in (a) rate of free-CO2 depletion from the water, (b) reduction of carbon assimilation rates, and (c) rate of deacidification in leaves. Rates of daytime deacidification increased under CO2-free conditions and as irradiance intensity increased. Nighttime CO2 uptake was estimated to contribute one-third to one-half of the total daily gross carbon assimilation. CO2 uptake, however, accounted for only one-third to one-half of the overnight malic acid accumulation. Internal respiratory CO2 may be a substrate for a large portion of overnight acid accumulation as leaves incubated overnight without CO2 accumulated substantial levels of malic acid. Loss of CAM occurred in emergent leaf tips even though submerged bases continued CAM. Associated with loss of CAM in aerial leaves was an increase in total chlorophyll, a/b ratio, and carotenoids, and a decrease in leaf succulence. δ13C values of I. howellii were not clearly distinguishable from those for associated non-CAM submerged macrophytes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1104/pp.76.2.525","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Busch, G., 1984, Carbon assimilation characteristics of the aquatic CAM plant Isoetes howellii: Plant Physiology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 525-530, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.76.2.525.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"530","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.76.2.525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5afe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, G.","contributorId":18717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223091,"text":"5223091 - 1984 - Survival of juvenile wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:13:09.25603","indexId":"5223091","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of juvenile wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801798","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Thompson, D., 1984, Survival of juvenile wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1364-1369, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801798.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1369","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Seneca County","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.82347731566692,\n 43.03929328757371\n ],\n [\n -76.82347731566692,\n 42.99913772833466\n ],\n [\n -76.71569027474648,\n 42.99913772833466\n ],\n [\n -76.71569027474648,\n 43.03929328757371\n ],\n [\n -76.82347731566692,\n 43.03929328757371\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, D.Q.","contributorId":50991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013767,"text":"70013767 - 1984 - Identification of an optimal groundwater management strategy in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T17:16:16.624115","indexId":"70013767","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of an optimal groundwater management strategy in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"A groundwater hydraulic management model is used to identify the optimal strategy for allocating limited fresh-water supplies and containing wastes in a hypothetical aquifer affected by brine contamination from surface disposal ponds. The present cost of pumping from a network of potential supply and interception wells is minimized over a five-year planning period, subject to a set of hydraulic, institutional, and legal constraints. Hydraulic constraints are formulated using linear systems theory to describe drawdown and velocity variables as linear functions of supply and interception well discharge decision variables. Successful validation of the optimal management strategy suggests that the model formulation can feasibly be applied to define management options for locally contaminated aquifer systems which are used to fulfill fresh-water demands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04758.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Colarullo, S., Heidari, M., and Maddock, T., 1984, Identification of an optimal groundwater management strategy in a contaminated aquifer: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 20, no. 5, p. 747-760, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04758.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"760","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192000","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3822e4b0c8380cd6145d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colarullo, S.J. 0000-0003-4504-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-0068","contributorId":96104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colarullo","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heidari, M.","contributorId":26430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidari","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maddock, T. III","contributorId":56107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013768,"text":"70013768 - 1984 - Sedimentary processes on the Atlantic Continental Slope of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T17:07:32.537371","indexId":"70013768","displayToPublicDate":"1984-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary processes on the Atlantic Continental Slope of the United States","docAbstract":"Until recently, the sedimentary processes on the United States Atlantic Continental Slope were inferred mainly from descriptive studies based on the bathymetry and on widely spaced grab samples, bottom photographs, and seismic-reflection profiles. Over the past 6 years, however, much additional information has been collected on the bottom morphology, characteristics of shallow-subbottom strata, velocity of bottom currents, and transport of suspended and bottom sediments. A review of these new data provides a much clearer understanding of the kinds and relative importance of gravitational and hydrodynamic processes that affect the surface sediments. On the rugged slope between Georges Bank and Cape Lookout, N.C., these processes include: (1) small scale mass wasting within submarine canyons and peripheral gullies; (2) density flows within some submarine valleys; (3) sand spillover near the shelf break; (4) sediment creep on the upper slope; and (5) hemipelagic sedimentation on the middle and lower slope. The area between Georges Bank and Hudson Canyon is further distinguished by the relative abundance of large-scale slump scars and deposits on the open slope, the presence of ice-rafted debris, and the transport of sand within the heads of some submarine canyons. Between Cape Lookout and southern Florida, the slope divides into two physiographic units, and the topography is smooth and featureless. On the Florida—Hatteras Slope, offshelf sand spillover and sediment winnowing, related to Gulf Stream flow and possibly to storm-driven currents, are the major processes, whereas hemipelagic sedimentation is dominant over the offshore slope along the seaward edge of the Blake Plateau north of the Blake Spur. Slumping generally is absent south of Cape Lookout, although one large slump scarp (related to uplift over salt diapirs) has been identified east of Cape Romain. Future studies concerning sedimentary processes on the Atlantic slope need to resolve: (1) the ages and mechanisms of mass wasting; (2) the accumulation rates and thicknesses of hemipelagic sediments; and (3) the causes and variability of offshelf sand spillover, sediment winnowing, and canyon transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(84)90107-5","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1984, Sedimentary processes on the Atlantic Continental Slope of the United States: Marine Geology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 43-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(84)90107-5.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a32e4b08c986b3170a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199549,"text":"70199549 - 1984 - Government investment in mineral resource information on leasable public lands: The case of strippable coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:40:30","indexId":"70199549","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-20T15:34:28","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5751,"text":"Resources and Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Government investment in mineral resource information on leasable public lands: The case of strippable coal","docAbstract":"A scheme is presented to aid the government in estimating the net benefits, in terms of itsrecovery of expected rents, of performing various levels of exploration of mineral tracts prior to leasing and making such information available to potential bidders. Conditions are identified where the government will profit by investment in geologic data that are collected and provided to potential bidders without reducing the expected returns to bidders. Expected benefits of an optimal data-collection program depend on (1) the degree of bidder risk aversion, (2) the expected degree of lease competition and (3) unique lease tract factors that determine economic rents—thickness of seams, proximity to markets, extraction costs, and the spatial correlation characteristics of data. The effects of price uncertainty and government policies affecting market stability on the value of information are also discussed.
Side-scan sonar was used to map and measure feeding pits of the California gray whale over 22,000 square kilometers of the northeastern Bering Sea floor. The distribution of pits, feeding whales, ampeliscid amphipods (whale prey), and a fine-sand substrate bearing the amphipods were all closely correlated. The central Chirikov Basin and nearshore areas of Saint Lawrence Island supply at least 6.5 percent of the total gray whale food resource in summer. While feeding, the whales resuspend at least 1.2 × 108 cubic meters of sediment annually; this significantly affects the geology and biology of the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.225.4667.1150","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., and Nelson, C., 1984, Side-scan sonar assessment of gray whale feeding in the Bering Sea: Science, v. 225, no. 4667, p. 1150-1152, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.225.4667.1150.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.92295786150484,\n 64.61544740977314\n ],\n [\n -171.92295786150484,\n 63.55419003160364\n ],\n [\n -166.05840971121214,\n 63.55419003160364\n ],\n [\n -166.05840971121214,\n 64.61544740977314\n ],\n [\n -171.92295786150484,\n 64.61544740977314\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"225","issue":"4667","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ef0e4b08c986b318c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.R.","contributorId":28599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012889,"text":"70012889 - 1984 - Disruption of the terrestrial plant ecosystem at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, western interior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-17T16:47:38.844803","indexId":"70012889","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disruption of the terrestrial plant ecosystem at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, western interior","docAbstract":"The palynologically defined Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the western interior of North America occurs at the top of an iridium-rich clay layer. The boundary is characterized by the abrupt disappearance of certain pollen species, immediately followed by a pronounced, geologically brief change in the ratio of fern spores to angiosperm pollen. The occurrence of these changes at two widely separated sites implies continentwide disruption of the terrestrial ecosystem, probably caused by a major catastrophic event at the end of the period.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.225.4666.1030","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Tschudy, R., Pillmore, C.L., Orth, C.J., Gilmore, J.S., and Knight, J., 1984, Disruption of the terrestrial plant ecosystem at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, western interior: Science, v. 225, no. 4666, p. 1030-1032, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.225.4666.1030.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1032","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America western interior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.0749275778024,\n 57.29836240768384\n ],\n [\n -128.0749275778024,\n 32.447678075383465\n ],\n [\n -100.7740765711535,\n 32.447678075383465\n ],\n [\n -100.7740765711535,\n 57.29836240768384\n ],\n [\n -128.0749275778024,\n 57.29836240768384\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"225","issue":"4666","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0226e4b0c8380cd4fee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschudy, R.H.","contributorId":55023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pillmore, C. L.","contributorId":46093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, J. S.","contributorId":72927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knight, J.D.","contributorId":46688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120845,"text":"70120845 - 1984 - Population structure of Adenostoma fasciculatum in mature stands of chamise chaparral in the southern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T08:57:10","indexId":"70120845","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-04T08:54:44","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure of Adenostoma fasciculatum in mature stands of chamise chaparral in the southern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"In the low elevation chaparral areas of Sequoia National Park, California, pure stands of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) are periodically rejuvenated by fire. Mature stands showed considerable variability in density and total biomass even though a positive correlation exists between the two. Mature stands showed a preponderance of individuals in the smaller size classes (inverse-J shape distribution). Dead shrubs found in mature stands also tended to be in the smaller size classes. This relatively high mortality of small individuals is important to post-fire stand development. In addition, resprout and seedling biomass one year after fire both showed inverse-J shaped size-class structures. A positive correlation existed between the preburn basal area of a shrub and its first year resprout biomass. Shrub biomass and distance to nearest neighbor were poorly correlated. A significant correlation existed between stand density and a stand's variance-to-mean ratio, indicating a trend toward more regular spacing as density increases. Pre-burn and fire-induced mortality tended to move the stand towards a more clumped distribution. Seedlings replaced dead individuals after a fire and thus restored regular spacing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/BF00377549","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Parsons, D., and Rundel, P., 1984, Population structure of Adenostoma fasciculatum in mature stands of chamise chaparral in the southern Sierra Nevada, California: Oecologia, v. 64, no. 1, p. 87-91, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377549.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377549"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevadas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.1179,34.7923 ], [ -121.1179,38.8275 ], [ -117.9218,38.8275 ], [ -117.9218,34.7923 ], [ -121.1179,34.7923 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25feae4b0333418718947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, D.J.","contributorId":47721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rundel, P.W.","contributorId":79068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199548,"text":"70199548 - 1984 - Offshore exploration and industry change: The case of the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:50:04.105169","indexId":"70199548","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-01T15:19:19","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5748,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offshore exploration and industry change: The case of the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper considers industry structure and the exploration performance (by size class of operator) of firms searching for oil and gas in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. It also tracks the changes in industry structure that have occurred in response to a decline in the quality of remaining prospects in the area. Data presented indicate that because vertically integrated majors dominated in exploration in the early years of the Gulf of Mexico exploration history, they were able to discover 86% of the total hydrocarbons discovered through 1975. However, the data also show a dynamic relationship between the structure of the industry operating in an area and the quality of remaining prospects. The relative share of both credited discoveries and wildcat wells of nonmajor operators has increased as exploration in the gulf proceeded. For example, in state-owned waters from 1951 to 1955, major inns accounted for 85% of all wildcat wells drilled, whereas from 1971 to 1975 these firms accounted for only 30% of the wildcat wells. During these same two periods in the federal Gulf of Mexico, the majors' share of wildcats fell from 98% to 70%.
","doi":"10.2118/11152-PA","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Drew, L.J., 1984, Offshore exploration and industry change: The case of the Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 437-442, https://doi.org/10.2118/11152-PA.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L. J.","contributorId":118947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120681,"text":"70120681 - 1984 - The orientation and navigation of juvenile alligators: evidence of magnetic sensitivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T13:39:35","indexId":"70120681","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-01T13:35:20","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2225,"text":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The orientation and navigation of juvenile alligators: evidence of magnetic sensitivity","docAbstract":"Displaced juvenile alligators, Alligator mississipiensis, were released on land in a 9 m diameter dodecagonal arena to test their ability to orient in the absence of terrestrial landmarks. Navigational ability seemed to improve with age. When displaced along a fairly direct route yearlings (age 7–14 months) compensated for their displacement, moving in the direction from the arena to their home sites. When displaced by a circuitous route, yearlings failed to compensate for their displacement, exhibiting instead simple compass orientation in a direction that would have returned them to water had they been released on land near the site where they were captured. The older juveniles were oriented in a homeward direction under all displacement and test conditions.
\nThe latter animals may have been using geomagnetic map information to select their homeward directions as the errors in their homeward bearings correlated with small deviations in the geomagnetic field's dip angle at the time of the test (1980r s=−0.6047,P=0.0131, all testsr s= −0.4652,P=0.0084). This effect appeared to depend on a very short-term assessment of geomagnetic conditions, as values measured 20 min before or 30 min after the tests began did not correlate with the directions the animals moved. The older juveniles appeared to use magnetically quiet hours on the night of their capture as the baseline from which to measure the geomagnetic deviations that occurred at the time of the arena test. The magnitude of the magnetic effect in the older animals suggests that the geomagnetic information may have been used to perform a ‘map’ step, as small fluctuations in dip angle correlated with much larger deviations in homeward bearings. In addition, the compass-oriented yearlings and the seemingly route-based behavior of the homeward-oriented yearlings did not appear to be influenced by geomagnetic conditions. These findings have many parallels in results obtained from bird orientation studies, providing evidence that navigation may share a common basis in different vertebrate groups.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01350218","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G.H., 1984, The orientation and navigation of juvenile alligators: evidence of magnetic sensitivity: Journal of Comparative Physiology A, v. 154, no. 5, p. 649-658, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01350218.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292309,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01350218"}],"volume":"154","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed8e4b0bfa1f993f01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221677,"text":"70221677 - 1984 - Age of the Comfort Member of the Castle Hayne Formation, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T16:27:57.791133","indexId":"70221677","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-01T11:20:43","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Comfort Member of the Castle Hayne Formation, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic position of the Comfort Member of the Castle Hayne Formation has been the subject of much debate. At the Martin-Marietta Quarry at Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, North Carolina, the planktic foraminifers indicate an assignment within an interval of the uppermost Turborotalia frontosa Zone to the Turborotalia pomeroli Zone. The calcareous nannofossils indicate an assignment to the middle part of the Chiasmolithus solitus Zone. The dinocyst data indicate placement in the upper part of the Kisselovia coleothrypta Zone of Costa and Downie. These zonal units are considered to be within the middle Eocene of international usage, and, on the basis of the time scale used in this paper, the Chiasmolithus solitus Zone represents a time interval of 42.1 to 45.4 megaannums (Ma). This differs significantly from a Rb/Sr glauconite date of 34.8 ± 1.0 Ma previously obtained at the same locality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1040:AOTCMO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J.E., Bybell, L.M., Edwards, L.E., Jones, G.D., and Ward, L.W., 1984, Age of the Comfort Member of the Castle Hayne Formation, North Carolina: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, no. 9-10, p. 1040-1044, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1040:AOTCMO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1044","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"New Hanover County","city":"Castle Hayne","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.92791366577148,\n 34.33401010846338\n ],\n [\n -77.86688804626465,\n 34.33401010846338\n ],\n [\n -77.86688804626465,\n 34.38049178631383\n ],\n [\n -77.92791366577148,\n 34.38049178631383\n ],\n [\n -77.92791366577148,\n 34.33401010846338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, J. E.","contributorId":89187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hazel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, G. D.","contributorId":31971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, L. W.","contributorId":58704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1429,"text":"1429 - 1984 - Development of a predictive irrigation scheduling index using electrophytograms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T09:07:01","indexId":"1429","displayToPublicDate":"1984-09-01T09:04:34","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Development of a predictive irrigation scheduling index using electrophytograms","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Research project technical completion report 828-05","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/1429","usgsCitation":"Gensler, W.G., 1984, Development of a predictive irrigation scheduling index using electrophytograms, i, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1429.","productDescription":"i, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"13","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"1984-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bfb5f6e4b06d97a6487d09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gensler, William G.","contributorId":81019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gensler","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120844,"text":"70120844 - 1984 - Spawning by Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae), in the San Francisco River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T08:43:41","indexId":"70120844","displayToPublicDate":"1984-08-28T08:37:28","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning by Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae), in the San Francisco River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The speckles dace Rhinichthys osculus [Girard] is the most widely distributed and ubiquitous fish in the western United States (Moyle, Inland Fishes of California, 1976). Although common, very little information is available concerning thje reproductive behavior of speckled dace or the environmental cues which trigger spawning activity. Several hundred speckled dace were observed spawning in the San Francisco River, 4.8 km upstream from Reserve, Catron County, New Mexico, on June 2-3, 1981. Spawning was in an area of disturbed substrate at a time when other reaches of the streambed were overgrown with diatoms, filamentous algae, and macrophytes. This note described the spawning site and reproductive behavior and proposes that physical disturbance is a major cue for reproductive activity in the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","doi":"10.2307/3671369","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., 1984, Spawning by Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae), in the San Francisco River, New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 29, no. 3, p. 354-356, https://doi.org/10.2307/3671369.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292352,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671369"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.905174,33.473514 ], [ -108.905174,33.489787 ], [ -108.892172,33.489787 ], [ -108.892172,33.473514 ], [ -108.905174,33.473514 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fefe4b033341871895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}