{"pageNumber":"464","pageRowStart":"11575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70178283,"text":"70178283 - 2016 - Climate change impacts on ecosystems and ecosystem services in the United States: Process and prospects for sustained assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T15:29:24.14632","indexId":"70178283","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change impacts on ecosystems and ecosystem services in the United States: Process and prospects for sustained assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>The third United States National Climate Assessment emphasized an evaluation of not just the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems, but also the impacts of climate change on the benefits that people derive from nature, known as ecosystem services. The ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services component of the assessment largely drew upon the findings of a transdisciplinary workshop aimed at developing technical input for the assessment, involving participants from diverse sectors. A small author team distilled and synthesized this and hundreds of other technical input to develop the key findings of the assessment. The process of developing and ranking key findings hinged on identifying impacts that had particular, demonstrable effects on the U.S. public via changes in national ecosystem services. Findings showed that ecosystem services are threatened by the impacts of climate change on water supplies, species distributions and phenology, as well as multiple assaults on ecosystem integrity that, when compounded by climate change, reduce the capacity of ecosystems to buffer against extreme events. As ecosystems change, such benefits as water sustainability and protection from storms that are afforded by intact ecosystems are projected to decline across the continent due to climate change. An ongoing, sustained assessment that focuses on the co-production of actionable climate science will allow scientists from a range of disciplines to ascertain the capability of their forecasting models to project environmental and ecological change and link it to ecosystem services; additionally, an iterative process of evaluation, development of management strategies, monitoring, and reevaluation will increase the applicability and usability of the science by the U.S. public.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-015-1547-3","usgsCitation":"Grimm, N.B., Groffman, P., Staudinger, M., and Tallis, H., 2016, Climate change impacts on ecosystems and ecosystem services in the United States: Process and prospects for sustained assessment: Climatic Change, v. 135, no. 1, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1547-3.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","ipdsId":"IP-061615","costCenters":[{"id":41705,"text":"Northeast 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0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":207908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle D.","affiliations":[{"id":484,"text":"Northwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tallis, Heather","contributorId":176800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tallis","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178259,"text":"70178259 - 2016 - Sea level driven marsh expansion in a coupled model of marsh erosion and migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T09:07:44","indexId":"70178259","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea level driven marsh expansion in a coupled model of marsh erosion and migration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth, where ecosystem services such as flood protection depend nonlinearly on wetland size and are threatened by sea level rise and coastal development. Here we propose a simple model of marsh migration into adjacent uplands and couple it with existing models of seaward edge erosion and vertical soil accretion to explore how ecosystem connectivity influences marsh size and response to sea level rise. We find that marsh loss is nearly inevitable where topographic and anthropogenic barriers limit migration. Where unconstrained by barriers, however, rates of marsh migration are much more sensitive to accelerated sea level rise than rates of edge erosion. This behavior suggests a counterintuitive, natural tendency for marsh expansion with sea level rise and emphasizes the disparity between coastal response to climate change with and without human intervention.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068507","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Walters, D.C., Reay, W.G., and Carr, J., 2016, Sea level driven marsh expansion in a coupled model of marsh erosion and migration: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 9, p. 4366-4373, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068507.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4366","endPage":"4373","ipdsId":"IP-071126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259560e4b01fad86db2412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, David C.","contributorId":176766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reay, William G.","contributorId":176767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reay","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189628,"text":"70189628 - 2016 - St. Louis area earthquake hazards mapping project; seismic and liquefaction hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:47:31","indexId":"70189628","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"St. Louis area earthquake hazards mapping project; seismic and liquefaction hazard maps","docAbstract":"We present probabilistic and deterministic seismic and liquefaction hazard maps for the densely populated St. Louis metropolitan area that account for the expected effects of surficial geology on earthquake ground shaking. Hazard calculations were based on a map grid of 0.005°, or about every 500 m, and are thus higher in resolution than any earlier studies. To estimate ground motions at the surface of the model (e.g., site amplification), we used a new detailed near‐surface shear‐wave velocity model in a 1D equivalent‐linear response analysis. When compared with the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model, which uses a uniform firm‐rock‐site condition, the new probabilistic seismic‐hazard estimates document much more variability. Hazard levels for upland sites (consisting of bedrock and weathered bedrock overlain by loess‐covered till and drift deposits), show up to twice the ground‐motion values for peak ground acceleration (PGA), and similar ground‐motion values for 1.0 s spectral acceleration (SA). Probabilistic ground‐motion levels for lowland alluvial floodplain sites (generally the 20–40‐m‐thick modern Mississippi and Missouri River floodplain deposits overlying bedrock) exhibit up to twice the ground‐motion levels for PGA, and up to three times the ground‐motion levels for 1.0 s SA. Liquefaction probability curves were developed from available standard penetration test data assuming typical lowland and upland water table levels. A simplified liquefaction hazard map was created from the 5%‐in‐50‐year probabilistic ground‐shaking model. The liquefaction hazard ranges from low (<40% of area expected to liquefy) in the uplands to severe (>60% of area expected to liquefy) in the lowlands. Because many transportation routes, power and gas transmission lines, and population centers exist in or on the highly susceptible lowland alluvium, these areas in the St. Louis region are at significant potential risk from seismically induced liquefaction and associated ground deformation","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160028","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C.H., Bauer, R.A., Chung, J., Rogers, D., Pierce, L., Voigt, V., Mitchell, B., Gaunt, D., Williams, R., Hoffman, D., Hempen, G.L., Steckel, P., Boyd, O.S., Watkins, C.M., Tucker, K., and McCallister, N., 2016, St. Louis area earthquake hazards mapping project; seismic and liquefaction hazard maps: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, no. 1, p. 206-223, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160028.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"223","ipdsId":"IP-079759","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science 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Phyllis","contributorId":194861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steckel","given":"Phyllis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Watkins, Connor M.","contributorId":194862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tucker, Kathleen","contributorId":194863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McCallister, Natasha","contributorId":194864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallister","given":"Natasha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70178185,"text":"70178185 - 2016 - Integrating remote sensing with species distribution models; Mapping tamarisk invasions using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:33:48","indexId":"70178185","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-07T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating remote sensing with species distribution models; Mapping tamarisk invasions using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Early detection of invasive plant species is vital for the management of natural resources and protection of ecosystem processes. The use of satellite remote sensing for mapping the distribution of invasive plants is becoming more common, however conventional imaging software and classification methods have been shown to be unreliable. In this study, we test and evaluate the use of five species distribution model techniques fit with satellite remote sensing data to map invasive tamarisk (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span> spp.) along the Arkansas River in Southeastern Colorado. The models tested included boosted regression trees (BRT), Random Forest (RF), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), generalized linear model (GLM), and Maxent. These analyses were conducted using a newly developed software package called the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM). All models were trained with 499 presence points, 10,000 pseudo-absence points, and predictor variables acquired from the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor over an eight-month period to distinguish tamarisk from native riparian vegetation using detection of phenological differences. From the Landsat scenes, we used individual bands and calculated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and tasseled capped transformations. All five models identified current tamarisk distribution on the landscape successfully based on threshold independent and threshold dependent evaluation metrics with independent location data. To account for model specific differences, we produced an ensemble of all five models with map output highlighting areas of agreement and areas of uncertainty. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of species distribution models in analyzing remotely sensed data and the utility of ensemble mapping, and showcase the capability of SAHM in pre-processing and executing multiple complex models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE","doi":"10.3791/54578","usgsCitation":"West, A.M., Evangelista, P.H., Jarnevich, C.S., Young, N.E., Stohlgren, T.J., Talbert, C., Talbert, M., Morisette, J., and Anderson, R., 2016, Integrating remote sensing with species distribution models; Mapping tamarisk invasions using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM): Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 116, e54578, https://doi.org/10.3791/54578.","productDescription":"e54578","ipdsId":"IP-070978","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5092193","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dbe4b02f1a881de95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Amanda M.","contributorId":176705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, Paul H.","contributorId":14747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Nicholas E.","contributorId":58572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Talbert, Marian mtalbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":5180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Marian","email":"mtalbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey","contributorId":100739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan","contributorId":106029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70168511,"text":"sir20155142 - 2016 - Estimated use of water in the Delaware River Basin in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T18:32:45.902579","indexId":"sir20155142","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-07T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5142","title":"Estimated use of water in the Delaware River Basin in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>The Delaware River Basin (DRB) was selected as a Focus Area Study in 2011 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the USGS National Water Census. The National Water Census is a USGS research program that focuses on national water availability and use and then develops new water accounting tools and assesses water availability at both the regional and national scales. One of the water management needs that the DRB study addressed, and that was identified by stakeholder groups from the DRB, was to improve the integration of state water use and water-supply data and to provide the compiled water use information to basin users. This water use information was also used in the hydrologic modeling and ecological components of the study.</p><p>Instream and offstream water use was calculated for 2010 for the DRB based on information received from Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Water withdrawal, interbasin transfers, return flow, and hydroelectric power generation release data were compiled for 11 categories by hydrologic subregion, basin, subbasin, and subwatershed. Data availability varied by state. Site-specific data were used whenever possible to calculate public supply, irrigation (golf courses, nurseries, sod farms, and crops), aquaculture, self-supplied industrial, commercial, mining, thermoelectric, and hydroelectric power withdrawals. Where site-specific data were not available, primarily for crop irrigation, livestock, and domestic use, various techniques were used to estimate water withdrawals.</p><p>Total water withdrawals in the Delaware River Basin were calculated to be about 7,130 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 2010. Calculations of withdrawals by source indicate that freshwater withdrawals were about 4,130 Mgal/d (58 percent of the total) and the remaining 3,000 Mgal/d (42 percent) were from saline water. Total surface-water withdrawals were calculated to be 6,590 Mgal/d, or 92 percent of the total; about 54 percent (3,590 Mgal/d) of surface water withdrawn was freshwater. Total groundwater withdrawals were calculated to be 545 Mgal/d (8 percent of the total), all of which was freshwater. During 2010, calculated withdrawals by category, in decreasing order, were: thermoelectric power, 4,910 Mgal/d; public supply, 1,490 Mgal/d; self-supplied industrial, 350 Mgal/d; irrigation, 175 Mgal/d; self-supplied domestic, 117 Mgal/d; mining, 41.3 Mgal/d; aquaculture, 19.3 Mgal/d; livestock, 6.72 Mgal/d, and commercial, 5.89 Mgal/d. The amount of instream use for hydroelectric power generation purposes in 2010 was reported to be 273 Mgal/d for the Wallenpaupack Plant and 127 Mgal/d for the Mongaup River system.</p><p>Total return flows in the DRB were 2,960 Mgal/d in 2010. Although municipal wastewater-treatment plants accounted for 539 (97 percent) of the return-flow sites, they accounted for about 70 percent of the total return flows in the DRB. There was limited information on return flows from thermoelectric power.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155142","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., Linsey, K.S., Ludlow, R.A., Reyes, Betzaida, and Shourds, J.L., 2016, Estimated use of water in the Delaware River Basin in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5142, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155142.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Appendixes; Data Release","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058986","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438513,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TM787C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8 and HUC12) in the Delaware River Basin, 2010"},{"id":330727,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5142/sir20155142_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"269 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5142 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"- Delaware River Basin Water Use by Subbasin, 2010"},{"id":330724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5142/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5142/sir20155142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"57.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5142"},{"id":330726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5142/sir20155142_appendix2.docx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.49 MB docx","description":"SIR 2015-5142 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"- Hydrologic Subbasins, Watersheds, and Subwatersheds in the Delaware River Basin"},{"id":330728,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7TM787C","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8) and Subwatershed (HUC12) in the Delaware River Basin, 2010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.652099609375,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              40.195659093364654\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.586181640625,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.300537109375,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.619140625,\n              42.53689200787315\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              42.10637370579324\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              41.12074559016745\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.607666015625,\n              40.36328834091583\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.860595703125,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.43212890625,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.069580078125,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.652099609375,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Coordinator—National Water Census<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500<br> Norcross, GA 30093</p><p>Or visit the National Water Census Web site at: <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus\">http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Compilation, Sources of Information, and Methodology</li><li>Water Use</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected References</li><li>Glossary&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix 1.&nbsp;Description of the Watershed Boundary Dataset&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix 2. Hydrologic Subbasins, Watersheds, and Subwatersheds in the Delaware River Basin</li><li>Appendix 3.&nbsp;Delaware River Basin Water Use by Subbasin</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dbe4b02f1a881de95e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsey, Kristin S. 0000-0001-6492-7639 kslinsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-7639","contributorId":3678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsey","given":"Kristin","email":"kslinsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludlow, Russell A. 0000-0001-6483-6817 raludlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-6817","contributorId":5820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"Russell","email":"raludlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shourds, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734 jshourds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":5821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shourds","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshourds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70177942,"text":"fs20163093 - 2016 - The 3D Elevation Program and America's infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T11:57:27","indexId":"fs20163093","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-07T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3093","title":"The 3D Elevation Program and America's infrastructure","docAbstract":"<p>Infrastructure—the physical framework of transportation, energy, communications, water supply, and other systems—and construction management—the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to end—are critical to the Nation’s prosperity. The American Society of Civil Engineers has warned that, despite the importance of the Nation’s infrastructure, it is in fair to poor condition and needs sizable and urgent investments to maintain and modernize it, and to ensure that it is sustainable and resilient. </p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data provide valuable productivity, safety, and cost-saving benefits to infrastructure improvement projects and associated construction management. By providing data to users, the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) of the U.S. Geological Survey reduces users’ costs and risks and allows them to concentrate on their mission objectives. 3DEP includes (1) data acquisition partnerships that leverage funding, (2) contracts with experienced private mapping firms, (3) technical expertise, lidar data standards, and specifications, and (4) most important, public access to high-quality 3D elevation data. </p><p>The size and breadth of improvements for the Nation’s infrastructure and construction management needs call for an efficient, systematic approach to acquiring foundational 3D elevation data. The 3DEP approach to national data coverage will yield large cost savings over individual project-by-project acquisitions and will ensure that data are accessible for other critical applications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163093","usgsCitation":"Lukas, Vicki, and Carswell, W.J., Jr., 2016, The 3D Elevation Program and America's infrastructure: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3093, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163093.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077294","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3093/fs20163093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"425 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3093"},{"id":330669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3093/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Director, National Geospatial Program<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 511 National Center<br> 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br> Reston, VA 20192</p><p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:3DEP@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:3DEP@usgs.gov\">3DEP@usgs.gov</a><br> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/\">http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/</a> <br> <a href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/\" data-mce-href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/\">http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Infrastructure Connects Us All</li><li>Uses of 3D Elevation Data</li><li>Benefits of 3D Elevation Data</li><li>Maximized Benefits and Minimized Risks</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dce4b02f1a881de963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lukas, Vicki 0000-0002-3151-6689 vlukas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-6689","contributorId":2890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukas","given":"Vicki","email":"vlukas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carswell carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":176472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193720,"text":"70193720 - 2016 - Clawpack: Building an open source ecosystem for solving hyperbolic PDEs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T14:04:19","indexId":"70193720","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clawpack: Building an open source ecosystem for solving hyperbolic PDEs","docAbstract":"<p>Clawpack is a software package designed to solve nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations using high-resolution finite volume methods based on Riemann solvers and limiters. The package includes a number of variants aimed at different applications and user communities. Clawpack has been actively developed as an open source project for over 20 years. The latest major release, Clawpack 5, introduces a number of new features and changes to the code base and a new development model based on GitHub and Git submodules. This article provides a summary of the most significant changes, the rationale behind some of these changes, and a description of our current development model. Clawpack: building an open source ecosystem for solving hyperbolic PDEs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj-cs.68","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., Mandli, K., Ahmadia, A.J., Berger, M., Calhoun, D., George, D.L., Hadjimichael, Y., Ketcheson, D.I., Lemoine, G.L., and LeVeque, R.J., 2016, Clawpack: Building an open source ecosystem for solving hyperbolic PDEs: PeerJ, v. 2, e68, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.68.","productDescription":"e68","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-078524","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.68","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9aae4b09af898c8cc3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandli, K.T.","contributorId":199786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandli","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmadia, Aron J.","contributorId":199787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahmadia","given":"Aron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, M.J.","contributorId":199788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calhoun, Donna","contributorId":199789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Donna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hadjimichael, Y.","contributorId":199790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hadjimichael","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ketcheson, David I.","contributorId":199791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketcheson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemoine, Grady L.","contributorId":199792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemoine","given":"Grady","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"LeVeque, Randall J.","contributorId":198359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeVeque","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70182785,"text":"70182785 - 2016 - Widespread kelp-derived carbon in pelagic and benthic nearshore fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T14:00:03","indexId":"70182785","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread kelp-derived carbon in pelagic and benthic nearshore fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kelp forests provide habitat for diverse and abundant fish assemblages, but the extent to which kelp provides a source of energy to fish and other predators is unclear. To examine the use of kelp-derived energy by fishes we estimated the contribution of kelp- and phytoplankton-derived carbon using carbon (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) and nitrogen (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N) isotopes measured in muscle tissue. Benthic-foraging kelp greenling </span><i>(Hexagrammos decagrammus)</i><span> and pelagic-foraging black rockfish </span><i>(Sebastes melanops)</i><span> were collected at eight sites spanning ∼35 to 60°N from the California Current (upwelling) to Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling) in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Muscle δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values were expected to be higher for fish tissue primarily derived from kelp, a benthic macroalgae, and lower for tissue primarily derived from phytoplankton, pelagic microalgae. Muscle δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values were higher in benthic-feeding kelp greenling than in pelagic-feeding black rockfish at seven of eight sites, indicating more kelp-derived carbon in greenling as expected. Estimates of kelp carbon contributions ranged from 36 to 89% in kelp greenling and 32 to 65% in black rockfish using carbon isotope mixing models. Isotopic evidence suggests that these two nearshore fishes routinely derive energy from kelp and phytoplankton, across coastal upwelling and downwelling systems. Thus, the foraging mode of nearshore predators has a small influence on their ultimate energy source as energy produced by benthic macroalgae and pelagic microalgae were incorporated in fish tissue regardless of feeding mode and suggest strong and widespread benthic-pelagic coupling. Widespread kelp contributions to benthic- and pelagic-feeding fishes suggests that kelp energy provides a benefit to nearshore fishes and highlights the potential for kelp and fish production to be linked.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Newsome, S.D., Bodkin, J.L., Kruse, G.H., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2016, Widespread kelp-derived carbon in pelagic and benthic nearshore fishes: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 181, p. 364-374, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"364","endPage":"374","ipdsId":"IP-062461","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba5e4b01ccd5500baf3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"von Biela Vanessa R., Newsome Seth D., Bodkin James L., Kruse Gordon H., Zimmerman Christian E.","journalName":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newsome, Seth D.","contributorId":81640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsome","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178179,"text":"70178179 - 2016 - Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T14:55:21","indexId":"70178179","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-04T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5224,"text":"arktos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arctic lowland landscapes have been modified by thermokarst lake processes throughout the Holocene. Thermokarst lakes form as a result of ice-rich permafrost degradation, and they may expand over time through thermal and mechanical shoreline erosion. We studied proximal and distal sedimentary records from a thermokarst lake located on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska to reconstruct the impact of catchment dynamics and morphology on the lacustrine depositional environment and to quantify carbon accumulation in thermokarst lake sediments. Short cores were collected for analysis of pollen, sedimentological, and geochemical proxies. Radiocarbon and </span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs dating, as well as extrapolation of measured historic lake expansion rates, were applied to estimate a minimum lake age of&nbsp;~1400&nbsp;calendar years BP. The pollen record is in agreement with the young lake age as it does not include evidence of the “alder high” that occurred in the region&nbsp;~4000 cal&nbsp;yr BP. The lake most likely initiated from a remnant pond in a drained thermokarst lake basin (DTLB) and deepened rapidly as evidenced by accumulation of laminated sediments. Increasing oxygenation of the water column as shown by higher Fe/Ti and Fe/S ratios in the sediment indicate shifts in ice regime with increasing water depth. More recently, the sediment source changed as the thermokarst lake expanded through lateral permafrost degradation, alternating from redeposited DTLB sediments, to increased amounts of sediment from eroding, older upland deposits, followed by a more balanced combination of both DTLB and upland sources. The characterizing shifts in sediment sources and depositional regimes in expanding thermokarst lakes were, therefore, archived in the thermokarst lake sedimentary record. This study also highlights the potential for Arctic lakes to recycle old carbon from thawing permafrost and thermokarst processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s41063-016-0025-0","usgsCitation":"Lenz, J., Jones, B.M., Wetterich, S., Tjallingii, R., Fritz, M., Arp, C.D., Rudaya, N., and Grosse, G., 2016, Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain: arktos, v. 2, Article 25; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-016-0025-0.","productDescription":"Article 25; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076197","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-016-0025-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.5721435546875,\n              70.43863810197413\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5721435546875,\n              70.9471488208593\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8802490234375,\n              70.9471488208593\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8802490234375,\n              70.43863810197413\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5721435546875,\n              70.43863810197413\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e29e4b0dee4cc90cbb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Josefine","contributorId":146181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenz","given":"Josefine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetterich, Sebastian","contributorId":146186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetterich","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tjallingii, Rik","contributorId":176700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tjallingii","given":"Rik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, Michael","contributorId":176701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritz","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudaya, Natalia","contributorId":176702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudaya","given":"Natalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70178178,"text":"70178178 - 2016 - Subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort Margin: 1. Minimum seaward extent defined from multichannel seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:07:17","indexId":"70178178","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-04T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort Margin: 1. Minimum seaward extent defined from multichannel seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Subsea ice-bearing permafrost (IBPF) and associated gas hydrate in the Arctic have been subject to a warming climate and saline intrusion since the last transgression at the end of the Pleistocene. The consequent degradation of IBPF is potentially associated with significant degassing of dissociating gas hydrate deposits. Previous studies interpreted the distribution of subsea permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort continental shelf based on geographically sparse data sets and modeling of expected thermal history. The most cited work projects subsea permafrost to the shelf edge (∼100 m isobath). This study uses a compilation of stacking velocity analyses from ∼100,000 line-km of industry-collected multichannel seismic reflection data acquired over 57,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> of the U.S. Beaufort shelf to delineate continuous subsea IBPF. Gridded average velocities of the uppermost 750 ms two-way travel time range from 1475 to 3110 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The monotonic, cross-shore pattern in velocity distribution suggests that the seaward extent of continuous IBPF is within 37 km of the modern shoreline at water depths &lt; 25 m. These interpretations corroborate recent Beaufort seismic refraction studies and provide the best, margin-scale evidence that continuous subsea IBPF does not currently extend to the northern limits of the continental shelf.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GC006584","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L.L., Herman, B.M., Hart, P.E., and Ruppel, C., 2016, Subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort Margin: 1. Minimum seaward extent defined from multichannel seismic reflection data: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 11, p. 4354-4365, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006584.","startPage":"4354","endPage":"4365","ipdsId":"IP-074615","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006584","text":"External Repository"},{"id":330775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ae4b0dee4cc90cbbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. 0000-0003-2986-5166 lbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-5166","contributorId":176698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Bruce M.","contributorId":176704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":145770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn D.","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178114,"text":"70178114 - 2016 - A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO<sub>2</sub>: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T23:37:47.856882","indexId":"70178114","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO<sub>2</sub>: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rising atmospheric [CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>], </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>, is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>], </span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span>, a constant drawdown in CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>(</span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;−&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span>), and a constant </span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span>/</span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>. These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas-exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas-exchange responses to varying </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>. The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas-exchange responses to </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>. To assess leaf gas-exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in </span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span> inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) or photosynthetic discrimination (∆) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span> spanning at least 100&nbsp;ppm. Our results suggest that much of the </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>-induced changes in </span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span>/</span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span> occurred across </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span> spanning 200 to 400&nbsp;ppm. These patterns imply that </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;−&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span> will eventually approach a constant level at high </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span> because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant </span><i>c</i><sub>i</sub><span>. Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>, when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water-conservative at high </span><i>c</i><sub>a</sub><span>, when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13102","usgsCitation":"Voelker, S.L., Brooks, J.R., Meinzer, F.C., Anderson, R., Bader, M.K., Battipaglia, G., Becklin, K.M., Beerling, D., Bert, D., Betancourt, J.L., Dawson, T.E., Domec, J., Guyette, R.P., Korner, C., Leavitt, S.W., Linder, S., Marshall, J.D., Mildner, M., Ogee, J., Panyushkina, I.P., Plumpton, H.J., Pregitzer, K.S., Saurer, M., Smith, A.R., Siegwolf, R.T., Stambaugh, M., Talhelm, A.F., Tardif, J.C., Van De Water, P.K., Ward, J.K., and Wingate, L., 2016, A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO<sub>2</sub>: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment studies: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 889-902, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13102.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"889","endPage":"902","ipdsId":"IP-068407","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc2e4b09688d6e90fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voelker, Steven L.","contributorId":176586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voelker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, J. Renee","contributorId":176587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Renee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meinzer, Frederick C.","contributorId":168571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meinzer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Rebecca","contributorId":334251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bader, Martin K.-F.","contributorId":176589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bader","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.-F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battipaglia, Giovanna 0000-0003-1741-3509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-3509","contributorId":176590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battipaglia","given":"Giovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Becklin, Katie M.","contributorId":176591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becklin","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beerling, David","contributorId":176592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beerling","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bert, Didier","contributorId":176593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bert","given":"Didier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dawson, Todd E.","contributorId":176594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Domec, Jean-Christophe","contributorId":146460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domec","given":"Jean-Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Guyette, Richard P.","contributorId":176595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyette","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Korner, Christian","contributorId":55348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korner","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Leavitt, Steven W.","contributorId":77312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Linder, Sune","contributorId":176596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linder","given":"Sune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Marshall, John D.","contributorId":176597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mildner, Manuel","contributorId":176598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mildner","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ogee, Jerome","contributorId":176599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogee","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Panyushkina, Irina P.","contributorId":61242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panyushkina","given":"Irina","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Plumpton, Heather J.","contributorId":176600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumpton","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Pregitzer, Kurt S.","contributorId":176601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pregitzer","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Saurer, Matthias","contributorId":176602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saurer","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Smith, Andrew R.","contributorId":176603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Siegwolf, Rolf T.W.","contributorId":176604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegwolf","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":51202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Talhelm, Alan F.","contributorId":176605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talhelm","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Tardif, Jacques C.","contributorId":176606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tardif","given":"Jacques","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Van De Water, Peter K.","contributorId":51484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Water","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Ward, Joy K.","contributorId":176607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Wingate, Lisa","contributorId":176608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wingate","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":70178130,"text":"70178130 - 2016 - Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T13:17:00","indexId":"70178130","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (&lt;3 ka) and best-constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north-central WFZ, are consistent with segment-controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller-scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial-segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012519","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., Personius, S.F., Crone, A.J., Olig, S.S., Hylland, M., Lund, W., and Schwartz, D.P., 2016, Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 2, p. 1131-1157, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012519.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1157","ipdsId":"IP-071316","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.3,\n              39.333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35,\n              39.333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3,\n              39.333333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cbfe4b09688d6e90f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olig, Susan S.","contributorId":87640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olig","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hylland, Michael D.","contributorId":106031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hylland","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, William R.","contributorId":48320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70178129,"text":"70178129 - 2016 - Population dynamics of mallards breeding in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T12:49:57","indexId":"70178129","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of mallards breeding in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variation in regional population trends for mallards breeding in the western United States indicates that additional research into factors that influence demographics could contribute to management and understanding the population demographics of mallards across North America. We estimated breeding incidence and adult female, nest, and brood survival in eastern Washington in 2006 and 2007 by monitoring female mallards with radio telemetry and tested how those parameters were influenced by study year (2006 vs. 2007), landscape type (agricultural vs. natural), and age (second year [SY] vs. after second year [ASY]). We also investigated the effects of female body condition and capture date on breeding incidence, and nest initiation date and hatch date on nest and brood survival, respectively. We included population parameters in a stage-based demographic model and conducted a perturbation analysis to identify which vital rates were most influential on population growth rate (λ). Adult female survival was best modeled with a constant weekly survival rate (0.994, SE = 0.003). Breeding incidence differed between years and was higher for birds in better body condition. Nest survival was higher for ASY females (0.276, SE = 0.118) than SY females (0.066, SE = 0.052), and higher on publicly managed lands (0.383, SE = 0.212) than agricultural (0.114, SE = 0.058) landscapes. Brood survival was best modeled with a constant rate for the 7-week monitoring period (0.50, SE = 0.155). The single variable having the greatest influence on λ was non-breeding season survival, but the combination of parameters from the breeding grounds explained a greater percent of the variance in λ. Mallard population growth rate was most sensitive to changes in non-breeding survival, nest success, brood survival, and breeding incidence. Future management decisions should focus on activities that improve these vital rates if managers want to increase the production of mallards in eastern Washington.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Menasha, WI","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1030","usgsCitation":"Dugger, B., Coluccy, J.M., Dugger, K.M., Fox, T.T., Kraege, D.K., and Petrie, M.J., 2016, Population dynamics of mallards breeding in eastern Washington: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 3, p. 500-509, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"509","ipdsId":"IP-058959","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin Irrigation Project","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              46.24824991289166\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              47.956823800497475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9107666015625,\n              47.956823800497475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9107666015625,\n              46.24824991289166\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              46.24824991289166\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc0e4b09688d6e90f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coluccy, John M.","contributorId":111382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coluccy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, Trevor T.","contributorId":176632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraege, Donald K.","contributorId":19738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraege","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petrie, Mark J.","contributorId":89655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70178127,"text":"70178127 - 2016 - Roost site selection by ring-billed and herring gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T12:38:30","indexId":"70178127","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roost site selection by ring-billed and herring gulls","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gulls (</span><i>Larus</i><span> spp.) commonly roost in large numbers on inland and coastal waters, yet there is little information on how or where gulls choose sites for roosting. Roost site selection can lead to water quality degradation or aviation hazards when roosts are formed on water supply reservoirs or are close to airports. Harassment programs are frequently initiated to move or relocate roosting gulls but often have mixed results because gulls are reluctant to leave or keep returning. As such, knowledge of gull roost site selection and roosting ecology has applied and ecological importance. We used satellite telemetry and an information-theoretic approach to model seasonal roost selection of ring-billed (</span><i>L. delawarensis</i><span>) and herring gulls (</span><i>L. argentatus</i><span>) in Massachusetts, USA. Our results indicated that ring-billed gulls preferred freshwater roosts and will use a variety of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Herring gulls regularly roosted on fresh water but used salt water roosts more often than ring-billed gulls and also roosted on a variety of land habitats. Roost modeling showed that herring and ring-billed gulls selected inland fresh water roosts based on size of the water body and proximity to their last daytime location; they selected the largest roost closest to where they ended the day. Management strategies to reduce or eliminate roosting gulls could identify and try to eliminate other habitat variables (e.g., close-by foraging sites) that are attracting gulls before attempting to relocate or redistribute (e.g., through hazing programs) roosting birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Menasha, WI","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1066","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.E., DeStefano, S., MacKenzie, K.G., Koenen, K.K., and Whitney, J.J., 2016, Roost site selection by ring-billed and herring gulls: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 708-719, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1066.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"719","ipdsId":"IP-052929","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Hampden County, Hampshire County, Franklin County, Worcester 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc0e4b09688d6e90f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Daniel E.","contributorId":166686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Kenneth G.","contributorId":166688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenen, Kiana K. G.","contributorId":34313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"Kiana","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, Jillian J.","contributorId":166687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178126,"text":"70178126 - 2016 - Cretaceous–Cenozoic burial and exhumation history of the Chukchi shelf, offshore Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T12:58:23","indexId":"70178126","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous–Cenozoic burial and exhumation history of the Chukchi shelf, offshore Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Apatite fission track (AFT) and vitrinite reflectance data from five exploration wells and three seafloor cores illuminate the thermal history of the underexplored United States Chukchi shelf. On the northeastern shelf, Triassic strata in the Chevron 1 Diamond well record apatite annealing followed by cooling, possibly during the Triassic to Middle Jurassic, which is a thermal history likely related to Canada Basin rifting. Jurassic strata exhumed in the hanging wall of the frontal Herald Arch thrust fault record a history of probable Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous structural burial in the Chukotka fold and thrust belt, followed by rapid exhumation to near-surface temperatures at 104 ± 30 Ma. This history of contractional tectonism is in good agreement with inherited fission track ages in low-thermal-maturity, Cretaceous–Cenozoic strata in the Chukchi foreland, providing complementary evidence for the timing of exhumation and suggesting a source-to-sink relationship. In the central Chukchi foreland, inverse modeling of reset AFT samples from the Shell 1 Klondike and Shell 1 Crackerjack wells reveals several tens of degrees of cooling from maximum paleo-temperatures, with maximum heating permissible at any time from about 100 to 50 Ma, and cooling persisting to as recent as 30 Ma. Similar histories are compatible with partially reset AFT samples from other Chukchi wells (Shell 1 Popcorn, Shell 1 Burger, and Chevron 1 Diamond) and are probable in light of regional geologic evidence. Given geologic context provided by regional seismic reflection data, we interpret these inverse models to reveal a Late Cretaceous episode of cyclical burial and erosion across the central Chukchi shelf, possibly partially overprinted by Cenozoic cooling related to decreasing surface temperatures. Regionally, we interpret this kinematic history to be reflective of moderate, transpressional deformation of the Chukchi shelf during the final phases of contractional tectonism in the Chukotkan orogen (lasting until ∼70 Ma), followed by renewed subsidence of the Chukchi shelf in the latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This history maintained modest thermal maturities at the base of the Brookian sequence across the Chukchi shelf, because large sediment volumes bypassed to adjacent depocenters. Therefore, the Chukchi shelf appears to be an area with the potential for widespread preservation of petroleum systems in the oil window.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/09291515010","usgsCitation":"Craddock, W.H., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2016, Cretaceous–Cenozoic burial and exhumation history of the Chukchi shelf, offshore Arctic Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 100, no. 1, p. 63-100, https://doi.org/10.1306/09291515010.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"100","ipdsId":"IP-063616","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -175,\n              75\n            ],\n            [\n              -175,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              75\n            ],\n            [\n              -175,\n              75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc0e4b09688d6e90f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craddock, William H. 0000-0002-4181-4735 wcraddock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-4735","contributorId":3411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"William","email":"wcraddock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178120,"text":"70178120 - 2016 - Responses of a tall building with U.S. code-type instrumentation in Tokyo, Japan, to events before, during and after the Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T11:46:50","indexId":"70178120","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of a tall building with U.S. code-type instrumentation in Tokyo, Japan, to events before, during and after the Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 11 March 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake generated long-duration shaking that propagated hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter and affected tall buildings in urban areas several hundred kilometers from the epicenter of the main shock. Recorded responses show that tall buildings were affected by long-period motions. This study presents the behavior and performance of a 37-story building in the Tsukuda area of Tokyo, Japan, as inferred from modal analyses of records retrieved for a time interval covering a few days before, during, and for several months after the main shock. The U.S. “code-type” array comprises three triaxial accelerometers deployed at three levels in the superstructure. Such a sparse array in a tall structure limits a reliable assessment, because its performance must be based on only the average drift ratios. Based on the inferred values of this parameter, the subject building was not structurally damaged.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.1193/052114EQS071M","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Kashima, T., Ghahari, S.F., Abazarsa, F., and Taciroglu, E., 2016, Responses of a tall building with U.S. code-type instrumentation in Tokyo, Japan, to events before, during and after the Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011: Earthquake Spectra, v. 32, no. 1, p. 497-522, https://doi.org/10.1193/052114EQS071M.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"522","ipdsId":"IP-061667","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","city":"Toyko","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              139.0924072265625,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              139.0924072265625,\n              36.09571873655538\n            ],\n            [\n              140.67718505859375,\n              36.09571873655538\n            ],\n            [\n              140.67718505859375,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              139.0924072265625,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc1e4b09688d6e90fa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet","contributorId":27493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kashima, Toshihide","contributorId":176614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kashima","given":"Toshihide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghahari, S. Farid","contributorId":168417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Farid","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abazarsa, Fariba","contributorId":176615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abazarsa","given":"Fariba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taciroglu, Ertugrul","contributorId":176616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"Ertugrul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178116,"text":"70178116 - 2016 - Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:08:45","indexId":"70178116","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> and ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints","title":"Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints","docAbstract":"<p><span>The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>, NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, ClO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span> and ClO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span> and NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>/NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> ratios and NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>/ClO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span> in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from ∼10 to 30&nbsp;kyr near the glacier to 70–200&nbsp;kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age of the salts and relatively low and homogeneous anion concentrations in the ice-cemented sediments point to either a mechanism of recent salt removal, or to relatively modern permafrost soils (&lt;1&nbsp;million&nbsp;years). Together, our results show that near surface salts in University Valley serve as an end-member of stratospheric sources not subject to biological processes or extensive remobilization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geochemical Society","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012","usgsCitation":"Jackson, A., Davila, A.F., Böhlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Sevanthi, R., Estrada, N., Brundrett, M., Lacelle, D., McKay, C.P., Poghosyan, A., Pollard, W., and Zacny, K., 2016, Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 182, p. 197-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"215","ipdsId":"IP-073229","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, University Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              160.666667,\n              -77.845833\n            ],\n            [\n              160.666667,\n              -77.911111\n            ],\n            [\n              160.779167,\n              -77.911111\n            ],\n            [\n              160.779167,\n              -77.845833\n            ],\n            [\n              160.666667,\n              -77.845833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"182","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc1e4b09688d6e90fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Andrew","contributorId":176588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davila, Alfonso F.","contributorId":16282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davila","given":"Alfonso","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sevanthi, Ritesh","contributorId":14301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevanthi","given":"Ritesh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Estrada, Nubia","contributorId":176622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estrada","given":"Nubia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brundrett, Maeghan","contributorId":176623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundrett","given":"Maeghan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lacelle, Denis","contributorId":176624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacelle","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P.","contributorId":58156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Poghosyan, Armen","contributorId":176625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poghosyan","given":"Armen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollard, Wayne","contributorId":176626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollard","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zacny, Kris","contributorId":176627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacny","given":"Kris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70178109,"text":"70178109 - 2016 - Acid rain and its environmental effects: Recent scientific advances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T09:51:06","indexId":"70178109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain and its environmental effects: Recent scientific advances","docAbstract":"<p>The term ‘acid rain’ refers to atmospheric deposition of acidic constituents that impact the earth as rain, snow, particulates, gases, and vapor. Acid rain was first recognized by Ducros (1845) and subsequently described by the English chemist Robert Angus Smith (Smith, 1852) whose pioneering studies linked the sources to industrial emissions and included early observations of deleterious environmental effects (Smith, 1872). Smith's work was largely forgotten until the mid-20th century when observations began to link air pollution to the deposition of atmospheric sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and other chemical constituents, first near the metal smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, and later at locations in Europe, North America, and Australia (Gorham, 1961). Our modern understanding of acid rain as an environmental problem caused largely by regional emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) stems from observations in the 1960s and early 1970s in Sweden by Svante Odén (Odén, 1976), and in North America by Gene Likens and colleagues (Likens and Bormann, 1974). These scientists and many who followed showed the link to emissions from coal-fired power plants and other industrial sources, and documented the environmental effects of acid rain such as the acidification of surface waters and toxic effects on vegetation, fish, and other biota.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.019","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Aherne, J., Gay, D., and Lehmann, C.M., 2016, Acid rain and its environmental effects: Recent scientific advances: Atmospheric Environment, v. 146, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.019.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","ipdsId":"IP-079192","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc2e4b09688d6e90fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aherne, Julian","contributorId":176583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aherne","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, David A.","contributorId":68022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehmann, Christopher M.B.","contributorId":84859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178094,"text":"70178094 - 2016 - A-DROP: A predictive model for the formation of oil particle aggregates (OPAs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T08:51:12","indexId":"70178094","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A-DROP: A predictive model for the formation of oil particle aggregates (OPAs)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oil–particle interactions play a major role in removal of free oil from the water column. We present a new conceptual–numerical model, A-DROP, to predict oil amount trapped in oil–particle aggregates. A new conceptual formulation of oil–particle coagulation efficiency is introduced to account for the effects of oil stabilization by particles, particle hydrophobicity, and oil–particle size ratio on OPA formation. A-DROP was able to closely reproduce the oil trapping efficiency reported in experimental studies. The model was then used to simulate the OPA formation in a typical nearshore environment. Modeling results indicate that the increase of particle concentration in the swash zone would speed up the oil–particle interaction process; but the oil amount trapped in OPAs did not correspond to the increase of particle concentration. The developed A-DROP model could become an important tool in understanding the natural removal of oil and developing oil spill countermeasures by means of oil–particle aggregation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.057","collaboration":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Zhao, L., Boufadel, M., Geng, X., Lee, K., King, T., Robinson, B.H., and Fitzpatrick, F., 2016, A-DROP: A predictive model for the formation of oil particle aggregates (OPAs): Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.057.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-059435","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc2e4b09688d6e90fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Lin","contributorId":176547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boufadel, Michel C.","contributorId":176576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boufadel","given":"Michel C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geng, Xiaolong","contributorId":176549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geng","given":"Xiaolong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Thomas","contributorId":176577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, Brian H.","contributorId":215576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":150164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70177969,"text":"70177969 - 2016 - Bounded fractional diffusion in geological media: Definition and Lagrangian approximation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:27:12","indexId":"70177969","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bounded fractional diffusion in geological media: Definition and Lagrangian approximation","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal Fractional-Derivative Models (FDMs) have been increasingly used to simulate non-Fickian diffusion, but methods have not been available to define boundary conditions for FDMs in bounded domains. This study defines boundary conditions and then develops a Lagrangian solver to approximate bounded, one-dimensional fractional diffusion. Both the zero-value and non-zero-value Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed Robin boundary conditions are defined, where the sign of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative (capturing non-zero-value spatial-nonlocal boundary conditions with directional super-diffusion) remains consistent with the sign of the fractional-diffusive flux term in the FDMs. New Lagrangian schemes are then proposed to track solute particles moving in bounded domains, where the solutions are checked against analytical or Eularian solutions available for simplified FDMs. Numerical experiments show that the particle-tracking algorithm for non-Fickian diffusion differs from Fickian diffusion in relocating the particle position around the reflective boundary, likely due to the non-local and non-symmetric fractional diffusion. For a non-zero-value Neumann or Robin boundary, a source cell with a reflective face can be applied to define the release rate of random-walking particles at the specified flux boundary. Mathematical definitions of physically meaningful nonlocal boundaries combined with bounded Lagrangian solvers in this study may provide the only viable techniques at present to quantify the impact of boundaries on anomalous diffusion, expanding the applicability of FDMs from infinite do mains to those with any size and boundary conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019178","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Green, C.T., LaBolle, E.M., Neupauer, R.M., and Sun, H., 2016, Bounded fractional diffusion in geological media: Definition and Lagrangian approximation: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 11, p. 8561-8577, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019178.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"8561","endPage":"8577","ipdsId":"IP-075843","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019178","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc2e4b09688d6e90fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBolle, Eric M.","contributorId":176579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBolle","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neupauer, Roseanna M.","contributorId":176580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neupauer","given":"Roseanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sun, Hong-Guang 0000-0002-8422-3871","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-3871","contributorId":176581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Hong-Guang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178081,"text":"70178081 - 2016 - Exploiting differential vegetation phenology for satellite-based mapping of semiarid grass vegetation in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:55:52","indexId":"70178081","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploiting differential vegetation phenology for satellite-based mapping of semiarid grass vegetation in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed and evaluated a methodology for subpixel discrimination and large-area mapping of the perennial warm-season (C</span><sub>4</sub><span>) grass component of vegetation cover in mixed-composition landscapes of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We describe the methodology within a general, conceptual framework that we identify as the differential vegetation phenology (DVP) paradigm. We introduce a DVP index, the Normalized Difference Phenometric Index (NDPI) that provides vegetation type-specific information at the subpixel scale by exploiting differential patterns of vegetation phenology detectable in time-series spectral vegetation index (VI) data from multispectral land imagers. We used modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span>) data from Landsat to develop the NDPI, and MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span> data from MODIS to compare its performance relative to one alternate DVP metric (difference of spring average MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span> and summer maximum MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span>), and two simple, conventional VI metrics (summer average MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span>, summer maximum MSAVI</span><sub>2</sub><span>). The NDPI in a scaled form (NDPI</span><sub>s</sub><span>) performed best in predicting variation in perennial C</span><sub>4</sub><span> grass cover as estimated from landscape photographs at 92 sites (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.76, </span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.001), indicating improvement over the alternate DVP metric (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.73, </span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.001) and substantial improvement over the two conventional VI metrics (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.62 and 0.56, </span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.001). The results suggest DVP-based methods, and the NDPI in particular, can be effective for subpixel discrimination and mapping of exposed perennial C</span><sub>4</sub><span> grass cover within mixed-composition landscapes of the Southwest, and potentially for monitoring of its response to drought, climate change, grazing and other factors, including land management. With appropriate adjustments, the method could potentially be used for subpixel discrimination and mapping of grass or other vegetation types in other regions where the vegetation components of the landscape exhibit contrasting seasonal patterns of phenology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs8110889","usgsCitation":"Dye, D.G., Middleton, B.R., Vogel, J.M., Wu, Z., and Velasco, M.G., 2016, Exploiting differential vegetation phenology for satellite-based mapping of semiarid grass vegetation in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 11, p. 1-33, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110889.","productDescription":"Article 889; 33 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-069667","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110889","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              31\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb64e4b0bb36a4ca664b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dye, Dennis G. 0000-0002-7100-272X ddye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-272X","contributorId":4233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Dennis","email":"ddye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R. 0000-0001-8924-4121 bmiddleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-4121","contributorId":3947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","email":"bmiddleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, John M. 0000-0002-8226-1188 jvogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-1188","contributorId":3167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","email":"jvogel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Zhuoting 0000-0001-7393-1832 zwu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832","contributorId":4953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Zhuoting","email":"zwu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Velasco, Miguel G. 0000-0003-2559-7934 mvelasco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7934","contributorId":2103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"Miguel","email":"mvelasco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178097,"text":"70178097 - 2016 - The automated reference toolset: A soil-geomorphic ecological potential matching algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T15:03:07","indexId":"70178097","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The automated reference toolset: A soil-geomorphic ecological potential matching algorithm","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecological inventory and monitoring data need referential context for interpretation. Identification of appropriate reference areas of similar ecological potential for site comparison is demonstrated using a newly developed automated reference toolset (ART). Foundational to identification of reference areas was a soil map of particle size in the control section (PSCS), a theme in US Soil Taxonomy. A 30-m resolution PSCS map of the Colorado Plateau (366,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) was created by interpolating ∼5000 field soil observations using a random forest model and a suite of raster environmental spatial layers representing topography, climate, general ecological community, and satellite imagery ratios. The PSCS map had overall out of bag accuracy of 61.8% (Kappa of 0.54, </span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.0001), and an independent validation accuracy of 93.2% at a set of 356 field plots along the southern edge of Canyonlands National Park, Utah. The ART process was also tested at these plots, and matched plots with the same ecological sites (ESs) 67% of the time where sites fell within 2-km buffers of each other. These results show that the PSCS and ART have strong application for ecological monitoring and sampling design, as well as assessing impacts of disturbance and land management action using an ecological potential framework. Results also demonstrate that PSCS could be a key mapping layer for the USDA-NRCS provisional ES development initiative.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2016.05.0151","usgsCitation":"Nauman, T.W., and Duniway, M.C., 2016, The automated reference toolset: A soil-geomorphic ecological potential matching algorithm: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1317-1328, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.05.0151.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1317","endPage":"1328","ipdsId":"IP-076162","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XS5SW0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Automated Reference Toolset (ART)Data"},{"id":330664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb63e4b0bb36a4ca6649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nauman, Travis W. 0000-0001-8004-0608 tnauman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0608","contributorId":169241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","email":"tnauman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192498,"text":"70192498 - 2016 -  Light Goose Conservation Order effects on nontarget waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:13:13","indexId":"70192498","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Light Goose Conservation Order effects on nontarget waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure","docAbstract":"<p>When the Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was established during 1999 in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, USA, LGCO activities were limited to 4 days/week and 16 public wetlands were closed to the LGCO to limit disturbance to nontarget waterfowl during this energetically important time period. However, the effects of LGCO activities on waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure are relatively unknown in this critical waterfowl staging area. To evaluate LGCO effects on target and nontarget species, we paired wetlands open and closed to LGCO and recorded waterfowl behavior and hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We constructed hourly energy expenditure models based on behavior data collected for mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and northern pintails (<i>A. acuta</i>). In 2011, dabbling ducks (<i>Anas</i> spp.) spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands closed to hunting during early season when the majority of hunting encounters occurred; behaviors did not differ between hunt categories during late season when hunting activities subsided. However, in 2012, dabbling ducks spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands open to hunting during early and late seasons. We detected no differences in behaviors of lesser snow geese (<i>Chen caerulescens</i>) or greater white-fronted geese (<i>Anser albifrons</i>) between hunting categories in early season. Mallards had slightly greater energy expenditure on wetlands closed to hunting (<span class=\"math-equation-construct\" data-equation-construct=\"true\"><span class=\"math-equation-image\" data-equation-image=\"true\"><img class=\"inlineGraphic\" src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/wsb.704/asset/equation/wsb704-math-0004.png?v=1&amp;s=7ad02ca916ca9968e7ede77f6a01513319795a9c\" alt=\"math formula\" data-mce-src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/wsb.704/asset/equation/wsb704-math-0004.png?v=1&amp;s=7ad02ca916ca9968e7ede77f6a01513319795a9c\"></span></span><span> </span> = 38.94 ± 0.31 kJ/bird/hr), compared with wetlands open to hunting (<span class=\"math-equation-construct\" data-equation-construct=\"true\"><span class=\"math-equation-image\" data-equation-image=\"true\"><img class=\"inlineGraphic\" src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/wsb.704/asset/equation/wsb704-math-0004.png?v=1&amp;s=7ad02ca916ca9968e7ede77f6a01513319795a9c\" alt=\"math formula\" data-mce-src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/wsb.704/asset/equation/wsb704-math-0004.png?v=1&amp;s=7ad02ca916ca9968e7ede77f6a01513319795a9c\"></span></span><span> </span> = 37.87 ± 0.32 kJ/bird/hr); therefore, greater energy spent by mallards cannot be attributed to hunting disturbance. We also detected no differences in dabbling duck behavior or energy expenditure between days open or closed to hunting in the region. A refuge system of wetlands closed to LGCO activities in the Rainwater Basin may be an important management strategy in providing reduced disturbance for nontarget waterfowl species in some years. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.704","usgsCitation":"Dinges, A.J., Webb, E.B., and Vrtiska, M.P., 2016,  Light Goose Conservation Order effects on nontarget waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 4, p. 694-704, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.704.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"694","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-065245","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/b799acf54ffe4e03877db7aa149ef52f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","volume":"40","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a3ae4b063d5d30980f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinges, Andrew J.","contributorId":145935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinges","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188599,"text":"70188599 - 2016 - Introduction to the special issue on the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha(Nepal) earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-08T11:46:57","indexId":"70188599","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the special issue on the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha(Nepal) earthquake","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p0005\">On April 25, 2015, a moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.8 earthquake struck central Nepal, breaking a section of the broader Himalayan Front that had been largely quiescent in moderate-to-large earthquakes for much of the modern seismological era. Ground shaking associated with the event resulted in a broad distribution of triggered avalanches and landslides. The ensuing aftershock sequence was punctuated by a Mw 7.3 event 17&nbsp;days after the mainshock. The combined effects of these earthquakes and secondary hazards have led to the Gorkha earthquake becoming the worst natural disaster in Nepal since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake, causing close to 9000 deaths and severely injuring over 21,000 people (<a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0125\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0125\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0125\">OCHA, 2015</a>).</p><p id=\"p0010\">Despite the devastating effects of this earthquake, the convergent margin that hosted it is thought to be capable of much larger ruptures—perhaps as large as Mw 9 (<a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0025\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0025\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0025\">Feldl and Bilham, 2006</a>). The 2015 Gorkha rupture lies just to the west of the 1934&nbsp;M 8.0–8.4 event (<a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0135\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0135\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0135\">Sapkota et al., 2013; Bollinger et al., 2014</a>). Unlike the 1934 event, which has been documented in paleoseismic trenches along the Himalayan Front (e.g., <a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0135\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0135\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0135\">Sapkota et al., 2013</a>), and other large ruptures along the arc (e.g., <a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0080\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0080\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0080\">Lavé et al., 2005; Kumar et al., 2006</a>), the 2015 event did not rupture to the surface (e.g., <a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0030\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0030\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0030\">Galetzka et al., 2015</a>). As a result, some researchers have suggested that the Gorkha earthquake was not as large, or as damaging, as might have been expected based on our (albeit limited) understanding of historic earthquakes, seismic hazard and risk (e.g., <a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbb0010\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0010\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116304863?via%3Dihub#bb0010\">Bilham, 2015; Hough, 2015</a>).</p><p id=\"p0015\">Important questions surrounding the earthquake and its regional setting thus arise. What were the detailed characteristics of the rupture and the aftershock sequence, and what is the relationship between mainshock slip and subsequent seismicity? Why did this event not rupture to the surface? Was damage less than should have been expected; and if so, why? What role did path effects, such as basin amplification, play? Do details of the earthquake sequence allow us to better understand regional seismotectonics, and in turn, future risk? Discussion of these and other issues has been ongoing since the earthquake; a large body of literature already exists that characterizes details of the earthquake sequence and its effects. This special issue attempts to gather a wide variety of detailed studies that wholly characterize this event to a degree that has not yet been possible. The studies herein provide an improved understanding of the Gorkha earthquake, its impact on the region, and its place in the broader seismotectonic history of the Himalayan Front.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.033","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G.P., and Briggs, R.W., 2016, Introduction to the special issue on the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha(Nepal) earthquake: Tectonophysics, v. 714-715, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.033.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","ipdsId":"IP-080779","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","city":"Gorkha","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[88.12044,27.87654],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.06024,26.41462],[87.22747,26.3979],[86.02439,26.63098],[85.25178,26.7262],[84.67502,27.2349],[83.30425,27.36451],[81.99999,27.92548],[81.0572,28.4161],[80.08842,28.79447],[80.47672,29.72987],[81.11126,30.18348],[81.5258,30.42272],[82.32751,30.11527],[83.33712,29.46373],[83.89899,29.32023],[84.23458,28.83989],[85.01164,28.64277],[85.82332,28.20358],[86.95452,27.97426],[88.12044,27.87654]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nepal\"}}]}","volume":"714-715","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5944ee17e4b062508e33360b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":147556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201618,"text":"70201618 - 2016 - Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T16:03:17","indexId":"70201618","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T16:03:07","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks; however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant‐defined zones during growing seasons. Carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and methane (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) fluxes were compared in two mensurative experiments during summer months (2012–2014) that included low marsh (</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>), high marsh (</span><i>Distichlis spicata and Juncus gerardii</i><span>‐dominated), invasive&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;zones, and unvegetated ponds. Day‐ and nighttime fluxes were also contrasted in the native marsh zones. N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O fluxes were measured in parallel with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxes, but were not found to be significant. To test the relationships of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxes with several native plant metrics, a multivariate nonlinear model was used. Invasive&nbsp;</span><i>P.&nbsp;australis</i><span>&nbsp;zones (−7 to −15&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and&nbsp;</span><i>S.&nbsp;alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;low marsh zones (up to −14&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) displayed highest average CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;uptake rates, while those in the native high marsh zone (less than −2&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) were much lower. Unvegetated ponds were typically small sources of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;to the atmosphere (&lt;0.5&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Nighttime emissions of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;averaged only 35% of daytime uptake in the low marsh zone, but they exceeded daytime CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;uptake by up to threefold in the native high marsh zone. Based on modeling, belowground biomass was the plant metric most strongly correlated with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>fluxes in native marsh zones, while none of the plant variables correlated significantly with CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxes. Methane fluxes did not vary between day and night and did not significantly offset CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;uptake in any vegetated marsh zones based on sustained global warming potential calculations. These findings suggest that attention to spatial zonation as well as expanded measurements and modeling of GHG emissions across greater temporal scales will help to improve accuracy of carbon accounting in coastal marshes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1560","usgsCitation":"Moseman-Valtierra, S., Abdul-Aziz, O.I., Tang, J., Ishtiaq, K.S., Morkeski, K., Mora, J., Quinn, R.K., Martin, R.M., Egan, K., Brannon, E.Q., Carey, J.C., and Kroeger, K.D., 2016, Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1560.","productDescription":"e01560; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-079205","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1560","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Falmouth","otherGeospatial":"Waquoit  Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1a1535e4b0708288c23546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moseman-Valtierra, Serena","contributorId":140087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moseman-Valtierra","given":"Serena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abdul-Aziz, Omar I.","contributorId":192386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abdul-Aziz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tang, Jianwu","contributorId":174890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Jianwu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishtiaq, Khandker S.","contributorId":211669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ishtiaq","given":"Khandker","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":38311,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, PO Box 6103, Morgantown, WV 26506","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morkeski, Kate","contributorId":210613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morkeski","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38120,"text":"Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mora, Jordan","contributorId":208060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mora","given":"Jordan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37699,"text":"Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Waquoit, Mass","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quinn, Ryan K.","contributorId":211670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":38312,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martin, Rose M.","contributorId":211671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Rose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38313,"text":"Atlantic Ecology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Egan, Katharine","contributorId":211672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egan","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38312,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brannon, Elizabeth Q.","contributorId":211673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brannon","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":38312,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carey, Joanna C.","contributorId":177397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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