{"pageNumber":"4640","pageRowStart":"115975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165598,"records":[{"id":1001397,"text":"1001397 - 1984 - Comparative ability of northern pintails, gadwalls, and northern shovelers to metabolize foods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T16:00:50.362161","indexId":"1001397","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative ability of northern pintails, gadwalls, and northern shovelers to metabolize foods","docAbstract":"Feeding trials were used to compare the ability of northern pintails (Anas acuta), gadwalls (A. strepera), and northern shovelers (A. clypeata) to metabolize energy from a turkey starter ration, alfalfa pellets, and common barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) seeds. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected among the three species for any of the three foods (kg body weight/day basis), for dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain (BWG), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), or metabolized energy (MEE) on any given diet consumed in quantities large enough to promote body weight gain. The AME content of alfalfa was 57% less than the value for turkey starter and 50% less than for barnyardgrass seeds. All three species metabolized more energy and gained weight faster when fed turkey starter. Energy modeling may be facilitated if additional research verifies that all species of dabbling ducks have equal ability to obtain energy from foods available to them in the wild. Behavioral and morphological factors may be more important in defining feeding niches than digestive physiology, at least for the three duck species tested, at the time of year of the experiments, and within the limits of the quality of foods used.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801167","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1984, Comparative ability of northern pintails, gadwalls, and northern shovelers to metabolize foods: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 2, p. 362-370, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801167.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"370","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120868,"text":"70120868 - 1984 - Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:28:49","indexId":"70120868","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T10:25:01","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"W/AEAG-84/W06","title":"Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a workshop that examined levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. This refuge is located along the Mississippi River, approximately 50 miles north of St. Louis. It was purchased primarily for waterfowl maintenance. A levee providing flood protection from the Mississippi River has broken four times since the Refuge was acquired in 1965. A number of alternatives have been proposed in response to the most recent break in 1983. Long term alternatives considered at the workshop included:
\n
\nImprove the existing levee by raising the height approximately 2 ft.
\n
\nImprove the existing levee by raising the height approximately 2 ft.
\n
\nMaintain the levee at a lower elevation by including a spillway about 3 ft lower than the existing levee height.\n
Do not maintain a levee so that the Refuge will flood directly with river stage.
\n
\nRepair of the major breaks in the levee, but not the more general wave damage, was considered as a short term alternative.
\n
\nParticipants first specified the habitats and management controls desired at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. These were centered around attaining the maximum feasible development and management of moist soil units. Levee alternatives were evaluated in terms of their ability to provide the desired habitats and management controls. Preliminary cost estimates were prepared for each alternative, and the qualitative consequences of each alternative identified for the full set of outputs from the Refuge Master Plan.
\n
\nThe alternative of improving the existing levee by raising the height was unanimously preferred on purely “biological” grounds (with cost not considered). Repairing the levee with no change in elevation was unanimously selected as the most cost effective alternative.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1984, Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge, 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.818333,39.251986 ], [ -90.818333,39.284954 ], [ -90.750087,39.284954 ], [ -90.750087,39.251986 ], [ -90.818333,39.251986 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25febe4b033341871894b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70230758,"text":"70230758 - 1984 - Cenozoic plate motions and the volcano-tectonic evolution of western Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T14:49:39.477786","indexId":"70230758","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T09:39:14","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic plate motions and the volcano-tectonic evolution of western Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"A refined northeast Pacific plate-motion model provides a framework for analysis of the Tertiary volcanic and tectonic history of western Oregon and Washington. We examine three possible models for the origin of the allochthonous Paleocene and Eocene oceanic basalt basement of the Coast Range: (1) accretion to the continent of hot spot generated linear seamount chains; (2) accretion of thick oceanic crust and seamounts generated during Farallon-Kula spreading reorganizations between 61 and 48 Ma; and (3) eruption of basalt during oblique rifting of the continental margin as it overrode an active Yellowstone hot spot on the Kula-Farallon ridge. The plate model suggests that microplate rotation and accretion of hot spot generated linear aseismic ridges cannot be easily reconciled with rapid northeast motion of the KuIa and Farallon plates and the well-established paleomagnetic rotations. Following emplacement of the Coast Range basement, changes in the character of forearc, back arc and Cascade arc volcanism correlate with a marked decrease in the rate of Farallon-North America convergence between 43 and and 28 Ma. This slowdown may be responsible for (1) westward stepping of the volcanic arc front from the Challis axis to a Cascade axis at about 42 Ma; (2) a subsequent episode of increased ash flow tuff volcanism and extension in the Cascade arc between 37 and 18 Ma that correlates with the “ignimbrite flare-up” in the Basin and Range; and (3) a period of extensional basaltic and alkalic volcanism and intrusion in the Coast Range between 44 and 28 Ma. Reduction of the convergence rate and westward stepping of the flexure in the subducted slab may have reduced the horizontal compressive stress on the continent, allowing increased injection of magma into the crust, development of large, shallow magma chambers, and the outbreak of extensional volcanism over a large area behind the Farallon-North America subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC003i002p00275","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.E., Engebretson, D.C., Snavely, P.D., and Coe, R.S., 1984, Cenozoic plate motions and the volcano-tectonic evolution of western Oregon and Washington: Tectonics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 275-294, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC003i002p00275.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, 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\"}}]}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engebretson, David C.","contributorId":205487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engebretson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snavely, P. D. Jr.","contributorId":22770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, R. S.","contributorId":81228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120852,"text":"70120852 - 1984 - Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T17:00:02.257322","indexId":"70120852","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T09:23:09","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards","docAbstract":"Management programs for waterfowl populations include rationale for, and establishment of, hunting regulations. These programs rest partially on the results of scientific studies on the effect of harvest rates on annual survival rates. The evidence of this relationship has changed markedly since the mid-1970's, and it is not widely believed that a largely compensatory relationship exists between hunting mortality and other forms of mortality for the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). This paper employs a general probabilistic model formulated to include a parameter (b) representing a continuum between complete compensation (b=0) and total additivity (b=1). Maximum likelihood estimates of this parameter were computer for 47 data sets of adult mallards banded throughout North American before hunting commenced. We found additional evidence of a highly compensatory mortality process for adult male mallards, while the evidence for adults female mallards remains inconclusive. Effective harvest, land acquisition, and land management programs depend upon additional information on the chronology and mechanisms underlying a compensatory mortality process.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3801166","usgsCitation":"Burnham, K.P., White, G.C., and Anderson, D.R., 1984, Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 2, p. 350-361, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801166.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801166","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe4e4b0333418718917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013859,"text":"1013859 - 1984 - Determining fat digestibility in trout using a metabolic chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T16:27:56.505883","indexId":"1013859","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining fat digestibility in trout using a metabolic chamber","docAbstract":"Fat digestibilities were determined in rainbow trout utilizing a metabolism chamber. Separate and quantitative fecal extracts were freeze dried and total lipids were extracted. Lipid digestibilities were comparable to those obtained by other methods (85‐91%). This method avoids problems due to leaching and the variable of accelerated passage through the gut encountered in other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1984)46<116:DFDITU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellis, R., and Smith, R.R., 1984, Determining fat digestibility in trout using a metabolic chamber: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 46, no. 2, p. 116-119, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1984)46<116:DFDITU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66741b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, R.W.","contributorId":104449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. R.","contributorId":31699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013505,"text":"70013505 - 1984 - Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes: Source characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-21T19:48:53.419433","indexId":"70013505","displayToPublicDate":"1984-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes: Source characteristics","docAbstract":"Study of a worldwide sample of historical earthquakes showed that slopes most susceptible to catastrophic rock avalanches were higher than 150 meters and steeper than 25 degrees. The slopes were undercut by fluvial or glacial erosion, were composed of intensely fractured rock, and exhibited at least one other indicator of low strength or potential instability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.223.4642.1288","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., 1984, Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes: Source characteristics: Science, v. 223, no. 4642, p. 1288-1290, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4642.1288.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1288","endPage":"1290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"4642","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aade7e4b0c8380cd86fc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013585,"text":"70013585 - 1984 - Geologic framework of nonmarine cretaceous-tertiary boundary sites, Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T14:51:21.326697","indexId":"70013585","displayToPublicDate":"1984-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of nonmarine cretaceous-tertiary boundary sites, Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"Indium concentrations are anomalously high at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in fluvial sedimentary rocks of the lower part of the Raton Formation at several localities in the Raton Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. The iridium anomaly is associated with a thin bed of kaolinitic claystone in a discontinuous carbonaceous shale and coal sequence.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.223.4641.1180","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Pillmore, C.L., Tschudy, R., Orth, C.J., Gilmore, J.S., and Knight, J., 1984, Geologic framework of nonmarine cretaceous-tertiary boundary sites, Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: Science, v. 223, no. 4641, p. 1180-1183, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4641.1180.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1180","endPage":"1183","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.82659135029371,\n 38.2774455058005\n ],\n [\n -108.82659135029371,\n 36.10694002086515\n ],\n [\n -103.80036694062991,\n 36.10694002086515\n ],\n [\n -103.80036694062991,\n 38.2774455058005\n ],\n [\n -108.82659135029371,\n 38.2774455058005\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"223","issue":"4641","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196ce4b0c8380cd559a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pillmore, C. L.","contributorId":46093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tschudy, R.H.","contributorId":55023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, J. S.","contributorId":72927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knight, J.D.","contributorId":46688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70208969,"text":"70208969 - 1984 - Recent studies indicate that major structures in northeastern Nevada and the Golconda thrust in north-central Nevada are of Jurassic or Cretaceous age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T14:16:46","indexId":"70208969","displayToPublicDate":"1984-03-09T14:08:51","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent studies indicate that major structures in northeastern Nevada and the Golconda thrust in north-central Nevada are of Jurassic or Cretaceous age","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping recently completed in four areas of northeastern Nevada indicates that major folds and thrusts are of post-Early Triassic age and probably are Jurassic or Cretaceous. Previously published data for northeastern Nevada lead to, or permit, the same conclusion. Basinal deposits of Early Triassic age in the northern Adobe Range are easterly derived clay and carbonate. The apparent lack of westerly derived siliceous orogenic sediments of Sonoma age (Late Permian to Early Triassic) suggests that the Sonoma orogeny took place at some unknown location far from northeastern Nevada and that rocks deformed then, the Golconda allochthon, were emplaced in northern Nevada at a later date.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<483:RSITMS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., 1984, Recent studies indicate that major structures in northeastern Nevada and the Golconda thrust in north-central Nevada are of Jurassic or Cretaceous age: Geology, v. 12, no. 8, p. 483-486, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<483:RSITMS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"486","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 39.87601941962116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013154,"text":"70013154 - 1984 - Zinc- and Y-group-bearing senaite from St Peters Dome, and new data on senaite from Dattas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T15:42:01.391879","indexId":"70013154","displayToPublicDate":"1984-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zinc- and Y-group-bearing senaite from St Peters Dome, and new data on senaite from Dattas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"A Zn- and Y-group-bearing senaite, formulated as AM21O38 (Pb0.63Na0.46Ba0.11)Σ1.20(Ti14.64![\"\"](\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210202014135270-0938:S0026461X00023380:S0026461X00023380_inline01.png?pub-status=live\")
Zn1.74![\"\"](\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210202014135270-0938:S0026461X00023380:S0026461X00023380_inline04.png?pub-status=live\")
Y‒group REE0.70Mn0.38Nb0.20Sn0.03Zr0.03Th0.02)Σ20.9O38, a member of the crichtonite group, is a newly characterized phase associated with murataite at the St Peters Dome area, Colorado. The Zn- and Y-group-bearing senaite is uranium-free and nonmetamict, but otherwise is comparable to known senaites and davidites in X-ray diffraction pattern, symmetry, and structure. The REE distribution shows a strong dominance of Y and the Y-group REE which are present in M(1). Megascopically, the mineral is black, submetallic, and opaque; in polished section it appears to be white and moderately bright compared with murataite. Cleavage is absent but twinning on {52![\"\"](\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210202014135270-0938:S0026461X00023380:S0026461X00023380_inline07.png?pub-status=live\")
0} is present.
Senaite and hitherto unreported zinc-bearing senaite from Dattas, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, have the following respective structural formulas as determined by electron microprobe:
(Pb0.76Sr0.20La0.08Ce0.07Ba0.04)Σ1.15(Ti12.89![\"\"](\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210202014135270-0938:S0026461X00023380:S0026461X00023380_inline03.png?pub-status=live\")
Mn0.88Y0.59Zn0.12Mg0.07Nb0.03Cr0.02Th0.02)Σ20.61O38
and
(Pb0.89Ba0.15Ce0.02Sr0.02)Σ1.08(Ti14.57![\"\"](\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210202014135270-0938:S0026461X00023380:S0026461X00023380_inline05.png?pub-status=live\")
Zn1.76Na0.63Mn0.50Y0.28Nb0.14Mg0.04Cr0.02)Σ20.83O38
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1984.048.346.13","usgsCitation":"Foord, E.E., Sharp, W.N., and Adams, J., 1984, Zinc- and Y-group-bearing senaite from St Peters Dome, and new data on senaite from Dattas, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 48, no. 346, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1984.048.346.13.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Dattas, Minas Gerais","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-57.62513,-30.21629],[-56.2909,-28.85276],[-55.16229,-27.88192],[-54.49073,-27.47476],[-53.64874,-26.92347],[-53.62835,-26.12487],[-54.13005,-25.54764],[-54.62529,-25.73926],[-54.42895,-25.16218],[-54.29348,-24.5708],[-54.29296,-24.02101],[-54.65283,-23.83958],[-55.0279,-24.00127],[-55.40075,-23.95694],[-55.51764,-23.572],[-55.61068,-22.65562],[-55.79796,-22.35693],[-56.47332,-22.0863],[-56.88151,-22.28215],[-57.93716,-22.09018],[-57.87067,-20.73269],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-70.09375,-11.12397],[-70.54869,-11.00915],[-70.48189,-9.49012],[-71.30241,-10.07944],[-72.18489,-10.0536],[-72.56303,-9.52019],[-73.22671,-9.46221],[-73.01538,-9.03283],[-73.57106,-8.42445],[-73.98724,-7.52383],[-73.7234,-7.341],[-73.72449,-6.9186],[-73.12003,-6.62993],[-73.21971,-6.08919],[-72.96451,-5.74125],[-72.89193,-5.27456],[-71.74841,-4.59398],[-70.92884,-4.40159],[-70.79477,-4.25126],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-69.4441,-1.55629],[-69.42049,-1.12262],[-69.57707,-0.54999],[-70.02066,-0.18516],[-70.01557,0.54141],[-69.4524,0.70616],[-69.25243,0.60265],[-69.21864,0.98568],[-69.8046,1.08908],[-69.81697,1.71481],[-67.86857,1.69246],[-67.53781,2.03716],[-67.26,1.72],[-67.06505,1.13011],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-64.27,2.49701],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.21368,5.24449],[-59.98096,5.01406],[-60.111,4.57497],[-59.76741,4.4235],[-59.53804,3.9588],[-59.81541,3.6065],[-59.97452,2.75523],[-59.71855,2.24963],[-59.64604,1.78689],[-59.03086,1.3177],[-58.54001,1.26809],[-58.42948,1.46394],[-58.11345,1.5072],[-57.66097,1.68258],[-57.33582,1.94854],[-56.7827,1.86371],[-56.53939,1.89952],[-55.9957,1.81767],[-55.9056,2.022],[-56.07334,2.22079],[-55.97332,2.51036],[-55.56976,2.42151],[-55.09759,2.52375],[-54.52475,2.31185],[-54.08806,2.10556],[-53.77852,2.3767],[-53.55484,2.3349],[-53.41847,2.05339],[-52.93966,2.12486],[-52.55642,2.50471],[-52.24934,3.24109],[-51.6578,4.15623],[-51.31715,4.20349],[-51.06977,3.6504],[-50.50888,1.90156],[-49.97408,1.73648],[-49.9471,1.04619],[-50.69925,0.22298],[-50.38821,-0.07844],[-48.62057,-0.23549],[-48.5845,-1.23781],[-47.82496,-0.58162],[-46.56658,-0.94103],[-44.9057,-1.55174],[-44.41762,-2.13775],[-44.58159,-2.69131],[-43.41879,-2.38311],[-41.47266,-2.91202],[-39.97867,-2.87305],[-38.50038,-3.70065],[-37.22325,-4.82095],[-36.45294,-5.1094],[-35.5978,-5.1495],[-35.23539,-5.46494],[-34.89603,-6.73819],[-34.72999,-7.34322],[-35.12821,-8.9964],[-35.63697,-9.64928],[-37.04652,-11.04072],[-37.68361,-12.17119],[-38.42388,-13.03812],[-38.67389,-13.05765],[-38.95328,-13.79337],[-38.8823,-15.66705],[-39.16109,-17.20841],[-39.26734,-17.86775],[-39.58352,-18.2623],[-39.76082,-19.59911],[-40.77474,-20.90451],[-40.94476,-21.93732],[-41.75416,-22.37068],[-41.98828,-22.97007],[-43.0747,-22.96769],[-44.64781,-23.35196],[-45.35214,-23.79684],[-46.47209,-24.08897],[-47.64897,-24.8852],[-48.49546,-25.87702],[-48.641,-26.6237],[-48.47474,-27.17591],[-48.66152,-28.18613],[-48.88846,-28.67412],[-49.58733,-29.22447],[-50.69687,-30.98447],[-51.57623,-31.7777],[-52.25608,-32.24537],[-52.7121,-33.19658],[-53.37366,-33.76838],[-53.65054,-33.202],[-53.20959,-32.72767],[-53.78795,-32.04724],[-54.57245,-31.49451],[-55.60151,-30.85388],[-55.97324,-30.88308],[-56.97603,-30.10969],[-57.62513,-30.21629]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Brazil\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"346","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd283e4b08c986b32f856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, William N.","contributorId":18751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, J.W.","contributorId":101290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208676,"text":"70208676 - 1984 - Correlation of the middle eocene Kellogg Shale of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T13:42:42","indexId":"70208676","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-24T13:25:31","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of the middle eocene Kellogg Shale of northern California","docAbstract":"The Kellogg Shale of northern California has traditionally been considered to be late Eocene in age on the basis of benthic foraminifer, radiolarian, and diatom correlations. The 30-m-thick Kellogg section exposed west of Byron, California, however, contains middle Eocene planktonic foraminifers (Zone P12), coccoliths (Subzones CP13c and CP14a), silicoflagellates (Dictyocha hexacantha Zone), and diatoms. Quantitative studies of the silicoflagellates and diatoms show a general cooling trend through the section which is consistent with paleoclimatic trends for this part of the middle Eocene (ca. 42-45 Ma) from elsewhere in the world. Seven new silicoflagellate taxa (Corbisema angularis, C. exilis, C. hastata miranda, C. inermis ballantina, C. regina, Dictyocha byronalis, Naviculopsis americana) and one new coccolithophorid species (Helicosphaera neolophota) are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Micropaleontology Project., Inc.","doi":"10.2307/1485715","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., and Poore, R.Z., 1984, Correlation of the middle eocene Kellogg Shale of northern California: Micropaleontology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 138-170, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485715.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.50329589843749,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -120.53649902343749,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -120.53649902343749,\n 38.53527591154413\n ],\n [\n -121.50329589843749,\n 38.53527591154413\n ],\n [\n -121.50329589843749,\n 37.74900069437069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208675,"text":"70208675 - 1984 - Neogene silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 543, western tropical Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T13:23:13","indexId":"70208675","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-24T13:18:37","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neogene silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 543, western tropical Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"The upper lower Miocene silicoflagellate assemblage in Core 19 from DSDP Hole 543 in the western Atlantic Ocean contains the greatest concentration (41%) of deflandroid Dictyochapulchella yet observed. The deflandroid morphology in Dictyocha persisted through the Eocene and Oligocene at middle and high latitude, but virtually disappeared in the late Oligocene, only to reappear as a short-lived variant of D. pulchella near the end of the early Miocene or the beginning of the middle Miocene at several low-latitude sites. Correlations with coeval tropical silicoflagellate and diatom assemblages from the tropical eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic suggest that this deflandroid morphotype may be stratigraphically useful. A new diatom, Craspedodiscus barronii Bukry, found in Core 543-19, is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.78a.122.1984","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1984, Neogene silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 543, western tropical Atlantic Ocean: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 78A-78B, p. 463-468, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.78a.122.1984.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.78a.122.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78A-78B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208673,"text":"70208673 - 1984 - Cenozoic silicoflagellates from Rockall Plateau, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T07:27:50","indexId":"70208673","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-24T13:01:12","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic silicoflagellates from Rockall Plateau, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81","docAbstract":"Eocene to Pliocene silicoflagellates from the Rockall Plateau are sparse to moderately abundant and include assem blages at the upper and lower boundaries of the Miocene Series. Relative paleotemperature values for silicoflagellates from the upper Miocene and lower Pliocene at DSDP Hole 552A based on quantitative data are cooler than are those from equatorial Pacific Sites 503 and 504, but show a matching warm peak at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and a major cooling in the lower Pliocene.
Five new taxa of silicoflagellates are defined from Rockall Plateau assemblages: Corbisema panda Bukry, n. sp., Dictyochapulchella var. inflata Bukry, n. van, Distephanus xenus Bukry, n. sp., Mesocena apiculata evexa Bukry, n. subsp., and Naviculopsis pacifica pansa Bukry, n. subsp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.81.112.1984","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1984, Cenozoic silicoflagellates from Rockall Plateau, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 81, p. 547-563, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.81.112.1984.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.81.112.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Location of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81 Sites 552 to 555 and Leg 48 Sites 403 to 406 at Rockall Plateau, west of Scotland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -19.6875,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -19.6875,\n 57.89149735271034\n ],\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 57.89149735271034\n ],\n [\n -25.751953125,\n 51.83577752045248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208672,"text":"70208672 - 1984 - Paleogene paleoceanography of the Arctic Ocean is constrained by the middle or late Eocene age of USGS Core Fl-422: Evidence from silicoflagellates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T12:57:58","indexId":"70208672","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-24T12:55:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogene paleoceanography of the Arctic Ocean is constrained by the middle or late Eocene age of USGS Core Fl-422: Evidence from silicoflagellates","docAbstract":"Arctic Ocean Core Fl-422 has been of central importance in Arctic tectonics and paleoceanography because it provides the sole evidence for early Cenozoic marine conditions in the Arctic. The presence of several Eocene and Eocene or Oligocene guide species of silicoflagellates in samples from this core shows that it is no older than middle Eocene, and is not Paleocene as previously reported. There is no evidence of any Paleocene (54 to 65 Ma) siliceous microfossils from Core Fl-422. Paleoceanographic inferences conerning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and the timing of silica deposition in the Arctic have been erroneous because of unsupported biostratigraphic correlations.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<199:PPOTAO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1984, Paleogene paleoceanography of the Arctic Ocean is constrained by the middle or late Eocene age of USGS Core Fl-422: Evidence from silicoflagellates: Geology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 199-201, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<199:PPOTAO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209998,"text":"70209998 - 1984 - A seismic refraction survey of the Imperial Valley Region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T14:33:17.65006","indexId":"70209998","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-10T09:24:57","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic refraction survey of the Imperial Valley Region, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an extensive seismic refraction survey in the Imperial Valley region of California in 1979. The Imperial Valley is located in the Salton Trough, an active rift between the Pacific and North American plates. Forty shots fired at seven shot points were recorded by 100 portable seismic instruments at typical spacing of 0.5–1 km. More than 1300 recording locations were occupied, and more than 3000 usable seismograms were obtained. We analyzed five profiles using a standard ray‐tracing program, constructed a contour map of reduced travel times from our most widely recorded shot point, and modeled an existing gravity profile across the Salton Trough. Results are itemized: (1) All models have in common a sedimentary layer (Vp = 1.8–5.0 km/s), a “transition zone” (Vp = 5.0–5.65 km/s), a basement (Vp = 5.65 km/s in the Imperial Valley, 5.9 km/s on the bordering mesas), and subbasement (Vp = 7.2 km/s). (2) The sedimentary layer ranges in thickness along the axis of the Salton Trough from 3.7 km (Salton Sea) to 4.8 km (U.S.‐Mexican border). On the bordering mesas it is quite variable in thickness. (3) The “transition” zone is about 1 km thick in most places. In the Imperial Valley there are no marked velocity discontinuities in this zone between the sedimentary layer and basement. On the bordering mesas, however, there is a discontinuity at the top of this zone. (4) There are apparently two types of basement. On the bordering mesas, basement is crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. In the Imperial Valley, basement is mostly lower‐greenshist‐facies sedimentary rocks, based primarily on the smooth transition in character from sediment to basement arrivals, the low value of basement velocity, and the fact that deep (4 km) wells in the valley penetrate only the upper part of the known Cenozoic stratigraphic column for the Salton Trough. (5) The subbasement, or intermediate crustal layer, ranges in depth along the axis of the Salton Trough from 16 km (Salton Sea) to 10 km (U.S.‐Mexican border). Gravity modeling requires that this layer deepen and/or pinch out beneath the bordering mesas and mountain ranges. Based on its high velocity and the presence of intrusive basaltic rocks in the sedimentary section in the Imperial Valley, the subbasement is thought to be a mafic intrusive complex similar to oceanic middle crust. (6) Several structures are seen that affect basement, transition zone, and deeper parts of the sedimentary layer. They include a scarp along the Imperial fault, as much as 1 km down to the northeast, and a scarp passing roughly along the topographic boundary between the Imperial Valley and the bordering mesa to the west, as much as 3½ km down to the east. We interpret the latter scarp to be the suture, or rift boundary, between the older crystalline basement on the mesa and the younger metasedimentary basement in the Imperial Valley. (7) On a contour map of reduced travel time from our most widely recorded shot point, subtle patches of early arrivals among otherwise late arrivals in the central Imperial Valley correlate well with known geothermal resource areas having reservoir temperatures of more than 150°C. Apparently the Salton Trough is a location where new crust is being generated. As the rift opens, mafic intrusive rocks fill it from below as sedimentary rocks fill it from above. Rifting and intrusion produce high heat flow that metamorphoses the sedimentary rocks to shallow depth (metasedimentary basement in the Imperial Valley) and thus consolidates the new crust.
Injections of NO3 and PO4 were made during September 1975 into Little Lost Man Creek, a small pristine stream in Redwood National Park, California. Chloride, a conservative constituent, was added in a known ratio to the nutrients. Nutrient loss at a downstream point was calculated using concentration of added Cl as a reference. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N), added for 4 h, reached 920 μg/1 (above 5 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, but increased only to 405 μg/1 at 310 m downstream. The concentration decrease was attributed to dispersion and to uptake by stream biota. Percent of NO3‐N lost decreased with increasing concentration of NO3‐N. Phosphate phosphorus (PO4‐P) was added a week after the NO3‐N for 3 h, causing a concentration increase of 296 μg/1 (above 13 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, of 161 μg/1 at 90 m downstream, and of 98 μg/1 at 310 m. Percent loss of PO4‐P at downstream sites increased with increasing PO4‐P concentration and also for a short period after peak concentration occurred, but then decreased as PO4‐P concentration continued decreasing. Differences in stream response to added NO3‐N and PO4‐P are attributed to differing rates of reaction with biota and differing degrees of interaction with abiotic stream solids.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04646.x","usgsCitation":"Sebetich, M.J., Kennedy, V.C., Zand, S.M., Avanzino, R.J., and Zellweger, G.W., 1984, Dynamics of added nitrate and phosphate compared in a northern California woodland stream : Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 20, no. 1, p. 93-101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04646.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek, Redwood National Park","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebetich, Michael J.","contributorId":208200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebetich","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zand, S. Marc","contributorId":104923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zand","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70120870,"text":"70120870 - 1984 - Tests of compensatory vs. additive hypotheses of mortality in mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:37:32","indexId":"70120870","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-01T10:31:37","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tests of compensatory vs. additive hypotheses of mortality in mallards","docAbstract":"Band recovery data from over 410 000 adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) banded in North America between 1950 and 1979 were analyzed to examine the effect of exploitation on annual survival rate. Two extreme hypotheses were defined: completely compensatory, and totally additive, and an explicit mathematical model was presented to represent each hypothesis. Comparison of the values of the log-likelihood functions at their maxima allowed discrimination between the two models (hypotheses). Extensive Monte Carlo studies were made on the performance of the discriminant test and the power of the test under the two extreme hypotheses and a range of intermediate hypotheses. The results of the discriminant tests on the data agreed closely with the expected performance of the test if the true underlying process was compensatory. We rejected the hypothesis of total additivity (P=.001). Instead, it appears that hunting mortalities are largely compensated for by other forms of mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brooklyn Botanic Garden","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.2307/1939463","usgsCitation":"Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R., 1984, Tests of compensatory vs. additive hypotheses of mortality in mallards: Ecology, v. 65, no. 1, p. 105-112, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939463.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292391,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939463"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25ff2e4b033341871896e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210056,"text":"70210056 - 1984 - Evaluation of the potential hazard to barn owls of talon (brodifacoum bait) used to control rats and house mice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:09:41.85406","indexId":"70210056","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-31T13:04:04","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the potential hazard to barn owls of talon (brodifacoum bait) used to control rats and house mice","docAbstract":"During 1980, a radiotelemetry study on barn owls (Tyto alba) was conducted to evaluate the secondary hazards of the anticoagulant rodenticide TALON® (containing 0.005% brodifacoum) when it was used for controlling rats (Rattus spp.) and house mice (Mus musculus) on farms. Thirty‐five active nests were located in about 1,100 km2 (430 mi2) in southwestern New Jersey. Starting on June 9, 1980, radio transmitters with tail clips were attached to 26 adult nesting barn owls and 8 fledged young of the year. In one 20‐km2 (about 8 mi2) area, which was the most intensively searched, 12 active barn owl nests were located. Of all 35 active nests, 66% were in trees, 11% in barns, 8.5% in silos, 8.5% in chimneys and 6% in miscellaneous locations. Analysis of regurgitated pellets showed that meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were the most common prey at all sites. Although Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice occurred in some pellet collections, they made up only a small part of the diet (3.9% rats and 2% mice) of barn owls in the study area. Baiting at farms with TALON was begun on July 24, and ended on September 29, 1980. TALON was not observed to cause or implicated in barn owl mortality during the study. However, trace residues (< 0.05 ppm, the limit of determination) of brodifacoum were found in one electrocuted barn owl. Young barn owls were fledged from at least eight sites where poisoned rodents were available on the farms for at least part of the nesting and feeding period (including pre‐ and postfledging). Furthermore, radiotelemetry confirmed that at least 9, and possibly 12, of the radio‐equipped owls were present on sites posttreatment, when census evaluations showed commensal rodents were present and consuming TALON bait.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620030119","usgsCitation":"Hegdal, P.L., and Blaskiewicz, R.W., 1984, Evaluation of the potential hazard to barn owls of talon (brodifacoum bait) used to control rats and house mice: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 3, no. 1, p. 167-179, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620030119.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.1080322265625,\n 39.18969082109678\n ],\n [\n -74.783935546875,\n 39.2407625100131\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 39.930800820752765\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 39.47436547486121\n ],\n [\n -75.1080322265625,\n 39.18969082109678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hegdal, Paul L.","contributorId":223410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hegdal","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blaskiewicz, Raymond W.","contributorId":224647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blaskiewicz","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014058,"text":"70014058 - 1984 - Late Leonardian plants from West Texas: The youngest Paleozoic plant megafossils in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T15:04:46.745348","indexId":"70014058","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Leonardian plants from West Texas: The youngest Paleozoic plant megafossils in North America","docAbstract":"Abundant Permian plant megafossils were discovered in the Del Norte Mountains of Brewster County, Trans-Pecos Texas. The flora is dominated by a new and distinctive type of gigantopteroid leaves. Marine invertebrates are closely associated, and this admixture of continental and marine fossils indicates a deltaic depositional setting, probably on the southern margin of the Permian Basin. Conodonts indicate correlation with the uppermost Leonardian Road Canyon Formation in the Glass Mountains. These are the youngest Paleozoic plant megafossils known in North America; they add an important paleontological element to the classic Permian area of this Continent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.223.4633.279","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Mamay, S., Miller, J., and Rohr, D., 1984, Late Leonardian plants from West Texas: The youngest Paleozoic plant megafossils in North America: Science, v. 223, no. 4633, p. 279-281, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4633.279.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"281","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"4633","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44efe4b0c8380cd66ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mamay, S.H.","contributorId":49422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamay","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.M.","contributorId":88219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohr, D.M.","contributorId":6276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207908,"text":"70207908 - 1984 - Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T14:33:25","indexId":"70207908","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-17T14:24:58","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California","docAbstract":"Sequences of extraordinarily thin (1–5 cm thick) lava layers, resembling individual lava flows, are interbedded with Jurassic and Cretaceous pillowed lava flows near San Luis Obispo Bay on the California coast. Such layers are formed inside submarine pillowed lava pipes or flow lobes. As the lava surface in a pillow pipe falls to a lower level owing to diminished supply entering the pipe, water enters the upper compartment through cracks in the outer crust and chills a new crust on top of the lava stream. Repeated lowerings of the lava level in the pipe create a series of discrete lava shelves, each of which represents the upper crust of the lava stream flowing within the pipe. These crusts are supported at different levels on their edges at the side of the pipe. The weight of subsequent overlying lava flows collapses the partly hollow tube, creating a stacked sequence of ultrathin lava layers progressively younger downward.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<542:ULLENS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Charlton, D., 1984, Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California: Geology, v. 12, no. 9, p. 542-545, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<542:ULLENS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"545","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Obispo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.11053466796875,\n 35.068221159859256\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 35.068221159859256\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -121.11053466796875,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -121.11053466796875,\n 35.068221159859256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, D.W.","contributorId":221678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlton","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207875,"text":"70207875 - 1984 - Effects of compression direction on the plasticity and rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals at atmospheric pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T15:11:35.419434","indexId":"70207875","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-16T12:27:39","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of compression direction on the plasticity and rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals at atmospheric pressure","docAbstract":"A hydrothermally grown synthetic quartz crystal with 370±60 ppm hydroxyl impurity was cut into right rectangular prisms in eight crystallographic orientations. We compressed the prisms under constant axial force corresponding to a uniaxial stress of 140.0±0.5 MPa, and temperatures of 510° and 750°C. All but one of the samples sustained permanent axial strains of 2–3%. We established the operating slip systems from specimen shape change, slip bands and dislocation etch pits on polished surfaces, crystallographic orientation changes, stress optical features in thin sections, and transmission electron microscopy. The observed creep behavior and plasticity divided the samples into three groups: (1) Crystals compressed at 45° to [0001] and [ ] and those compressed ⊥( ) and ⊥( ) deformed principally by slip parallel to [0001]. Creep rates were relatively high and were not strongly sensitive to test temperature. Dislocation arrays approximately parallel to ( ) are common. Dislocation loops are elongate parallel to [0001], indicating that the edge segments were more mobile than the screw segments. (2) The second group of samples were loaded normal to [0001] in three orientations: ⊥( ), ⊥( ), and at 45° to ( ). These samples deformed primarily by { } 〈a〉 slip with some evidence for secondary slip on the other systems. They were more creep resistant than the first group and displayed a much higher sensitivity of creep rate to test temperature. Dislocation loops are very elongate parallel to [0001], indicating that the screw dislocation segments were much more mobile than the edge segments. (3) A sample compressed parallel to [0001] at 750°C crept at a barely detectable rate (∼10 s) and no optical scale slip features were observed. These results confirm our earlier work on one orientation each from groups 1 and 2, which indicated a strong creep anisotropy for this same crystal. This creep anisotropy parallels a remarkably similar anisotropy in the diffusivity of impurities in quartz, suggesting a causal relationship between impurity diffusion and creep associated with hydrolytic weakening. Appendix Tables A1‐A5 are available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. Document B84‐004; $2.50. Payment must accompany order.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB06p04241","usgsCitation":"Linker, M.F., Kirby, S.H., Ord, A., and Christie, J., 1984, Effects of compression direction on the plasticity and rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals at atmospheric pressure: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B6, p. 4241-4255, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB06p04241.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4241","endPage":"4255","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linker, Mark F.","contributorId":36283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ord, A.","contributorId":221671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ord","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christie, J.M.","contributorId":21672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207800,"text":"70207800 - 1984 - Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T14:52:23.573871","indexId":"70207800","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T11:31:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75","docAbstract":"The section recovered at Site 530 (Holes 53OA and 530B) consists of eight sedimentary units and one basalt unit. The composition of the basalt recovered in Hole 53OA is distinct from typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) but is similar to that of Hawaiian tholeiites and basalt from the central part of Walvis Ridge. Throughout most of its history, the southern Angola Basin received large volumes of redeposited material in the form of turbidites and, most recently, debris-flow deposits. Most of this material was derived from Walvis Ridge to the south, but thickness trends of acoustic units suggest that some of the sediment was derived from the African continental margin to the east.
The basal sedimentary unit (Albian to Santonian) at Site 530 contains 262 beds of black shale that are interbedded with green and red claystone. Black shale makes up less than 10% of the total section, but in two cores of early Turonian age, black shale beds compose about 50% of the section. The black shales contain up to 19% organic carbon (average of about 5%) that is mainly of autochthonous marine origin but with significant contributions from terrigenous organic matter. The origin of these more- and less-reduced interbedded lithologies with varying amounts and types of organic matter, and variable amounts of pelagic, hemipelagic, and turbiditic sediment is complex and cannot be explained by any one simple process. Many factors affecting the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters of the Angola Basin varied throughout the middle Cretaceous to produce bottom-water conditions that fluctuated between mildly oxic and oxygen-deficient, but most of the time bottom-waters and sediment-interstitial waters were sufficiently oxic to permit the accumulation of red oxidized sediment.
A relatively complete sedimentary record of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary was recovered within a sequence of mudstone and marlstone turbidites in Hole 530A. There is a significant increase in the concentration of iridium above background levels at the boundary. High concentrations of many other elements also occur within the same stratigraphic interval as the iridium anomaly. Furthermore, there is a marked decrease in CaCO3 in the Tertiary strata above the iridium anomaly which suggests that the production of shallow-water carbonate also may have been affected by whatever caused elevated concentrations of iridium and other elements. These observations are consistent with the asteroid-impact theory proposed to explain the worldwide occurrence of an iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.
The Cenozoic history of the Angola Basin was controlled mainly by (1) restriction of bottom-water flow from the south by Walvis Ridge; (2) development of glaciation on Antarctica; (3) opening of circulation passages in the southern oceans; (4) rapid turnover of cold, nutrient-rich waters that resulted in high productivity of diatoms; (5) influx of terrigenous sediment mainly by turbidity currents; and (6) production and preservation of carbonate sediment. The most distinctive Cenozoic event recorded in the section at Site 530 is the beginning of extensive glaciation on Anarctica and concomitant initiation of modern thermohaline bottom-water circulation that is manifested as a middle Eocene to middle Oligocene unconformity or compressed section accompanied by a drastic decrease in accumulation of CaCO3. Diatom abundances in HPC cores from Walvis Ridge (Site 532) and Angola Basin (Hole 53OB) indicate that Benguela upwelling in these areas began in the late Miocene, reached a peak in the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene, and declined thereafter. Short-term variations in sediment composition at Site 532 are manifested as cyclic variations in concentrations of clay, CaCO3, and organic carbon with average periodicities of about 30-60 k.y. The main variability that produced the cycles probably was the influx of terrigenous clastic material which diluted the CaCO3. The sediment at Site 532 also contains several percent organic carbon that is dominantly of marine origin, but with significant terrigenous components.
Data from multichannel seismic, gravity, and magnetic surveys were used to define the regional stratigraphic and structural evolution of Walvis Ridge and adjacent Cape and Angola basins. Six structural provinces are recognized, four on Walvis Ridge and two additional provinces that correspond to the Cape and Angola basins. The two eastern structural provinces on Walvis Ridge are underlain by continental crust. The two western structural provinces are underlain by oceanic basement. Two main directions of faults are evident in seismic profiles, one trending N 10° and one trending N 60°. The N 60° trend corresponds to the general orientation of the northern and southern flanks of Walvis Ridge as well as to the dominant direction of fracture zones.
During the first phase of separation of Africa from South America (ca. 120-130 m.y. ago), a voluminous mass of volcanics was emplaced simultaneous with the emplacement of basalt in the Parana Basin of Brazil and the Kaokoveld Region of South Africa. This period of volcanism also formed the series of seaward-dipping internal basement reflectors that are characteristic of the two structural provinces of Walvis Ridge. A system of fault blocks developed in the brittle upper part of the newly formed crust. During the second phase of rifting, which ended before late Aptian, more tilted fault blocks were created in the upper brittle stratified continental crust. Magnetic lineations in basement rocks in the Angola and Cape basins in the vicinity of Walvis Ridge are not distinct but suggest that oceanic crust began to be emplaced between 120 and 112 m.y. ago (Barremian to early Aptian). At least part of the oceanic crust of the central plateau of eastern Walvis Ridge (structural province 3) may have been emplaced before any oceanic crust formed in the adjacent basins. A ridge jump occurred during the late Aptian to early Albian in the southern part of the Angola Basin which translated the previously formed oceanic crust and its overlying evaporite deposits on the South American side. Several ridge jumps occurred on both sides of Walvis Ridge during the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary to produce a 500-km-long segment of mid-ocean ridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Hay, W., and Sibuet, J., 1984, Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, p. 509-544, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Locations of dredge CH 18-DR06 and DSDP drill sites","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n 16.89697265625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n 16.89697265625,\n -17.035777250427184\n ],\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -17.035777250427184\n ],\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, W.W.","contributorId":221650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hay","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28140,"text":"UC Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibuet, Jean-Claude","contributorId":221651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibuet","given":"Jean-Claude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207799,"text":"70207799 - 1984 - Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T06:48:14","indexId":"70207799","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T11:03:23","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin","docAbstract":"Deep-water sedimentary sequences of mid-Cretaceous age, rich in organic carbon, have been recovered at many DSDP sites in the Atlantic Ocean. Most of these sequences have a marked cyclicity in amount of organic carbon resulting in interbedded multicolored shale, marlstone, and (or) limestone that have cycle periods of 20,000 to 100,000 years and average 40,000 to 50,000 years. These cycles may be related to some climatic control on influx of terrigenous organic matter and sediment, rates of upwelling and sea-surface production of organic matter, and preservation of organic matter related to deeper-water dissolved oxygen concentration. These variations in supply of organic matter had pronounced effects on the potential of the sediment for subsequent diagenetic changes and geochemical partitioning in adjacent beds.
Many trace elements are enriched in organic-carbon-rich lithologies relative to interbedded organic-carbon-poor lithologies. Elements that are most commonly enriched are Cr, Ni, V, Cu, Zn, and Mo. The association of high traceelement concentrations with organic matter may be the result of concentration of these elements by organisms or by chemical sorption and precipitation processes under anoxic conditions. Detailed trace-element profiles from organiccarbon-rich strata at Site 530 suggest that there may be differential mobility of trace elements, with diffusion of some elements over distances of at least tens of meters. The sequence of trace-element mobility, from highest to lowest, is approximately Ba, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, V, Cd, and Mo. Slowly deposited, oxidized clays directly overlying some black shale sequences are enriched in some metals, particularly Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, relative to normal pelagic clays, and this enrichment may be the result of upward migration of metals in pore waters during compaction or diffusion from the underlying black shale.
Most depositional models that have been used to explain the accumulation of the organic-carbon-rich strata imply that reducing conditions in the sediments (and therefore the increased degree of preservation of organic matter) were the result of anoxic or near-anoxic conditions in oceanic bottom waters, or in a midwater oxygen-minimum zone. Evidence from several DSDP sites in the Atlantic, however, indicate that some of these middle Cretaceous \"black shale\" beds may be the result of variations in rate of supply of organic matter that produced anoxia or near-anoxia within midwater oxygen-minimum zones and possibly, under extreme conditions, throughout much of the bottomwater mass. Although bottom-water anoxia may have occurred during periods of organic-carbon-rich strata, it was not necessarily the only cause for accumulation of these strata. The main reason for the accumulation of organic-carbonrich strata was an increase in the relative amount of organic debris being deposited. Some of this organic debris was derived from continental-margin areas of increased production, accumulation, and preservation of organic matter from marine, terrestrial, or mixed sources and transported to slope and basinal sites by turbidity currents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Arthur, M., and Stow, D., 1984, Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, p. 819-844, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"844","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Site 530","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n 16.89697265625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n 16.89697265625,\n -17.035777250427184\n ],\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -17.035777250427184\n ],\n [\n 9.31640625,\n -24.986058021167594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207798,"text":"70207798 - 1984 - Carbonate and organic-carbon cycles and the history of upwelling at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 532, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-25T13:50:17.773448","indexId":"70207798","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T10:47:59","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate and organic-carbon cycles and the history of upwelling at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 532, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"Detailed carbonate and organic-carbon stratigraphies were constructed from samples collected every 20 cm in a 250-m hydraulic piston core recovered at DSDP Site 532 on Walvis Ridge. This sampling interval represents about one sample every 5000 yr., based on sediment accumulation rates calculated from nannofossil biostratigraphic zones. All samples were analyzed for percent CaCO3, resulting in a detailed carbonate stratigraphy for the past 5.0 m.y. The samples for the top 110 m of section were also analyzed for organic carbon in order to construct a detailed organiccarbon stratigraphy for the last 2.5 m.y.
The recovered section has distinct dark-light color cycles with average periodicities of 55, 58, and 30 k.y. for the Quaternary, upper Pliocene, and lower Pliocene, respectively. Periodicities of carbonate cycles are similar to the color cycles; most carbonate minima correspond to the dark parts of color cycles. The average periodicity for carbonate cycles is about 36 k.y. Darker parts of color cycles usually contain higher concentrations of organic carbon, but the organic-carbon record does not follow the cyclicity of the color cycles in detail, at least for the last 2.5 m.y. Organic-carbon cycles have an average periodicity of about 34 k.y. for the Quaternary and upper Pliocene.
The cycles of CaCO3 and color have periodicities similar to those reported from carbonate stratigraphies from the northeast Atlantic, Caribbean, and eastern equatorial Pacific. The carbonate cycles at Site 532 are the result of external forcing, probably related to global climate, that affected fluctuations in both sediment supply from the African continental margin and productivity of siliceous organisms. The organic-carbon cycles have similar periodicities and similar changes in periodicities to those of the CaCO3 cycles.
Semiquantitative estimates of diatom abundance from smear slides and concentrations of biogenic SiO2 calculated from chemical analyses suggest that upwelling at Site 532 was minor until about 3 m.y. ago. The Benguela-Current upwelling system either began at that time or, more likely, migrated into the area of Site 532, where it prevailed until some time between about 1.2 and 0.5 m.y. ago. The increase and decline of upwelling in the area of Site 532, however, did not disturb the trend of cyclicities of carbonate and organic carbon. The latest change in conditions at Site 532 was an increase in intensity of bottom currents during the past 0.5 m.y. that winnowed nannofossils, diatoms, and clay and left a lag deposit represented by a foraminifer-rich fades
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.126.1984","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Dean, W.E., and Wilson, C., 1984, Carbonate and organic-carbon cycles and the history of upwelling at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 532, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, p. 905-921, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.126.1984.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"921","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.126.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Locations of DSDP Sites 362 and 532.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.3603515625,\n -21.043491216803528\n ],\n [\n 14.2822265625,\n -21.043491216803528\n ],\n [\n 14.2822265625,\n -16.678293098288503\n ],\n [\n 9.3603515625,\n -16.678293098288503\n ],\n [\n 9.3603515625,\n -21.043491216803528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.","contributorId":18176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, C.R.","contributorId":78353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207758,"text":"70207758 - 1984 - Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T14:29:39.079206","indexId":"70207758","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-09T13:34:15","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism","docAbstract":"Shimada Seamount is an isolated volcanic feature located between the Clipperton and Clarion Fracture Zones ∼1,150 km west of the East Pacific Rise and ∼600 km west of the inactive spreading center represented by the Mathematician Seamounts. It rises ∼3,900 m above the surrounding sea floor to within 50 m of present-day sea level. The area of Shimada Seamount should be volcanically dormant, because it is far from an active spreading center and is located on oceanic crust of early Miocene age. Nevertheless, evidence was found that Shimada Seamount has formed geologically recently. For example, seismic-reflection profiles-indicate that virtually no sediment has accumulated on the summit or flanks of the seamount; television, still-camera, and dredge-haul data indicate that a platform near the summit at a water depth of ∼180 m is a carbonate build-up formed by coralline red algae attached to fresh pillow basalt. Glassy pillow basalt too young to date by the K/Ar method and showing little or no devitrification and lacking manganese encrustations was dredged from the seamount below the algal reefs (500–750 m). Several cores taken from the adjacent basin (∼3,900 m deep) contain fresh glassy basalt detritus, and one core sampled a thin flow of unaltered basaltic glass at the sediment surface.
The origin and history of Shimada Seamount differ importantly from volcanoes generally thought to form at spreading centers, along transform faults, or at hot spots. The existence of Shimada Seamount, therefore, has implications about tectonic processes that occur in interplate regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<855:SSAEOR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Dean, W.E., and Blakely, R.J., 1984, Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, p. 855-862, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<855:SSAEOR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"862","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Shimada Seamount","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 14.859850400601037\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 14.859850400601037\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 14.859850400601037\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J. V.","contributorId":114111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207757,"text":"70207757 - 1984 - Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T06:34:05","indexId":"70207757","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-09T13:13:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5011,"text":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea","docAbstract":"The widespread occurrence of organic-carbon-rich strata (‘black shales’) in certain portions of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic sequences has been well-documented from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and from sequences, now exposed on land, originally deposited in the Tethyan ocean. These ancient black shales usually have been explained by analogy with examples of modern deep-sea sediments in which organic matter locally is preserved by (1) increasing the supply of organic matter, (2) increasing the rate of sedimentation, and/or (3) decreasing the oxygen content of the bottom water. However, detailed examination of many black shales reveals characteristics that cannot be explained by simple local models, including: their approximate coincidence in time globally; their occurrence in a variety of different environments, including open oxygenated oceans, restricted basins, deep and shallow water; their interbedding with organic-carbonpoor strata which often dominate a so-called black shale sequence; their deposition by pelagic, hemipelagic, turbiditic and other processes; and the variations in type and amount of organic matter that occur even within the same sequence.
A more complex model for the origin of black shales therefore appears most appropriate, in which the cyclic preservation of organic matter depends on the interplay of the three main variables, namely supply of organic matter, sedimentation rate, and deep-water oxygenation, each of which varies independently to some extent. The variation and relative importance of these parameters in individual basins and widespread black shale deposition in general are linked globally and temporally by changes in global sea-level, climate and related changes in oceanic circulation. An important and often overlooked factor for the supply of organic matter to deep-basin sediments is the frequency and magnitude of redepositional processes. The interplay of these variables is discussed in relation to the middle Cretaceous and Cenozoic organic-carbon-rich strata, in particular, which show marked differences in the relative importance of the different variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.015.01.34","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., and Stow, D., 1984, Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 15, p. 527-560, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.015.01.34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"560","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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